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PEPIN THE SHORT (714-768 C.E.) BIOGRAPHY WORKBOOK SERIES FOR HIGH SCHOOL B Bio Pepin the Short PEPIN THE SHORT (714-768) Charles Martel, as we have seen of the Palace, in the districts of in other readings, was never king of Neustria and Austrasia respectively, the Franks, and his sons were too under the nominal sovereignty of politic to assume the title on his death. Childeric III, the last of the fainéant Griffo, the third son, may be dismissed kings, whom they set up as a puppet. from our notice at once, as he was from the government of the kingdom, 1. Who ruled as the puppet king of his brothers, Carloman and Pepin, France at this time? taking advantage of his weakness to ____________________________________ dispossess him. After this act of ____________________________________ supremacy, Carloman and Pepin were ____________________________________ for some time content to act as Mayors ____________________________________ Complete the following chart, noting where/how/if each son of Charles Martel held power in France. Carloman Charles Pepin Martel Griffo www.STUDENTHANDOUTS.com Page 2 Carloman distinguished himself Shaving off Childeric’s long hair, the by attacking the Saxons and other symbol of royalty among the early tribes which threatened aggression. Frankish kings, Pepin sent him to one In 744, Pepin severely punished a monastery at St. Omer, and revolt of his father's old enemy (Eudes, Childeric’s son Thierry to another at Duke of Aquitaine, a.k.a. Odo the Fontenelle. This accomplished, Pepin Great), who had been compelled to do proceeded to obtain justification for homage to the Frankish crown. Pepin his acts from the Pope. soon had no sharer in his power or fame. Carloman was not made for a 3. What grooming style was a symbol soldier, and, under the sudden of royalty among the early impulse of devotional feeling, resigned Frankish kings? his office in 747, and retired into a ____________________________________ Catholic monastery. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 2. How did Pepin find himself holding ____________________________________ sole power in France? ____________________________________ Seeking approval from the Pope ____________________________________ was a novel step. Although the ____________________________________ bishops of Rome had great spiritual ____________________________________ influence over Christendom, in virtue ____________________________________ of their alleged descent from St. Peter, ____________________________________ their temporal authority was by no ____________________________________ means admitted out of their own ____________________________________ diocese. Pepin was a wise man in his generation, though short-sighted as Pepin, thus left sole lord of far as posterity was concerned. He saw France, did not hastily attempt to cut clearly enough that no sanction which prejudice against the grain. Feeling he could obtain for his acts was likely his way gradually, he sounded popular to be so binding upon the minds of his opinion for three years, on the subject subjects, and the world at large, as of changing the royal dynasty, and that pronounced by a power which had placing the crown on the head of one already fastened its yoke on the soul who had a good right arm to defend it. and conscience. Finding himself strong enough at last to take decided measures, Pepin 4. What do you imagine would be the quietly dethroned Childeric III. long-term consequences of Pepin the Short acknowledging the Pope as having 5. Why did Pope Zachariah approve of the power to approve a leader’s Pepin as ruler of France? right to rule? ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Thus fortified against ____________________________________ opposition, Pepin proceeded to fulfill ____________________________________ all the ceremonies attaching to the ____________________________________ kingly dignity. Pepin and his queen, ____________________________________ Bertha, were duly crowned and ____________________________________ consecrated by Boniface, the "Apostle ____________________________________ of Germany," and Bishop of Mainz. ____________________________________ This rite was performed at Soissons, in 752, with all the pomp that the The Pope, Zachariah, was not ancient Jewish kings had been wont to insensible to the importance of the employ on such occasions. The Frankish monarchy, being at the time national assembly was summoned. In of Pepin's accession especially in need the presence of the great Frankish of help against Astolpho, king of the nobles, Boniface produced a phial of Lombards, who threatened to seize on oil, announcing it as that which had the Eternal City itself. When, fallen from heaven on the day when therefore, Pepin's envoys arrived at the first king of the Franks (Clovis) Rome, and conveyed their master's had received baptism. The sacred oil application, the pontiff did not was then poured upon the head of hesitate to answer that it was truly Pepin, and amid the acclamations of fitting for one to be king in name who nobles, soldiers, and peasants, he was was king in deed. crowned their king. www.STUDENTHANDOUTS.com Page 4 Pepin the Short 6. Who crowned Pepin? looking on, when suddenly the king ____________________________________ started up, and cried: "Who will dare ____________________________________ to separate those beasts?" There was a dead silence. The attempt was Pepin was a man, like his madness—certain destruction. father, well fitted to rule over a Unsheathing his sword, and warlike and primitive people. What glancing scornfully round upon his was most admired in a king at that courtiers, Pepin leapt into the arena, period was personal courage, and, and drew the attention of the what was most needed, strength of combatants upon himself. Raging with will. Pepin had both. But Pepin had fury, they turned to attack him. But one defect which, though to us it may with cool and measured steps, Pepin seem a trifle, to men who prized the evaded their onset, and by a body far more than soul or mind, was succession of well-aimed blows struck a serious matter. He was of small off, one after the other, the heads of stature, and acquired the name of "the lion and bull. Then, throwing down his Short" in consequence. Fully conscious streaming sword, he accosted the that this was a disadvantage to him, astonished courtiers: "Am I worthy to and, indeed, hearing his name once be your king?" A deafening shout was derided by his courtiers, Pepin took a the reply, and the name of "Pepin the speedy opportunity of proving that Short" was no longer a term of what he lacked in height he more than derision but of honor. made up in strength and bravery. 8. Describe the act in which Pepin 7. By the standards of the time, what proved his physical vigor to the was Pepin’s most serious flaw? French nobles. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ It was common in those days to ____________________________________ exhibit animal fights at the Frankish ____________________________________ court. On one of these occasions a lion ____________________________________ and a bull were engaged in a savage and mortal struggle. Pepin and his Having thus established his courtiers were seated round the arena reputation for those qualities which www.STUDENTHANDOUTS.com Page 5 Pepin the Short were most essential to his influence, the great religious quarrel which then Pepin took measures to render it agitated Christendom, with respect to permanent by acts of wisdom and the worship of images, espousing the liberality. He frequently called cause of the image-breakers, while together the national assemblies, and Pope Stephen supported the opposite included in the summons bishops as side. well as chieftains. Consulting with them as to the most prudent course of 10. Why do you suppose that Pepin action, he preserved their affection to continued to court the favor of the his person and obedience to his orders. Catholic Church? ____________________________________ 9. Why was (and is) it important for a ____________________________________ national leader to ally himself with ____________________________________ other powerful people (such as, in ____________________________________ this instance, bishops and ____________________________________ chieftains)? ____________________________________ ____________________________________
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