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Home , Battle of Fort Sumter

Civil War Introduction

Manifest Destiny 1850s

• The land in the West was inhabited by Native Americans, BUT Americans saw it as uninhabited.

• Many Americans felt that the was destined to stretch from Ocean to Ocean.

Manifest destiny: this suggests that expansion was not just good, it was bound to happen even if it meant pushing Native Americans and Mexicans out of the way. 1860 Election

● Fall 1860 - Lincoln elected President

● States secede from Union as a result of election:

➔ (20 Dec. 1860) ➔ Texas (1 Feb. 1861) ➔ Mississippi (9 Jan. 1861) ➔ (17 April 1861) ➔ Florida (10 Jan. 1861) ➔ (6 May 1861) ➔ (11 Jan. 1861) ➔ N. Carolina (20 May 1861) ➔ Georgia (19 Jan. 1861) ➔ (8 June 1861) ➔ Louisiana (26 Jan. 1861)

● The Border States: Missouri (MO), Kentucky (KY), West Virginia (WV) and Maryland (MD) Historical Background - Confederate States

● named president of seceded/confederate states

● Confeders started to seize federal forts in south. ○ At , Confederates fired upon by Union troops.

○ Lincoln’s decision to have the Union troops fire back was the decision that officially started the Civil War.

The Battle of Fort Sumter Label & Colour Your Maps

Key: ● Union States (in blue) ● Confederate States (in grey) ● Border States (in red) ● Territories (in white)

Lincoln’s Plan for Slavery & War

● Lincoln officially became president in 1861 - - March 4th, 1861 ○ he outlined his plan for But if destruction of the Union by one or by a part slavery and the war only of the States be lawfully possible, the Union is ■ The of less perfect than before the Constitution, having lost the South is illegal. the vital element of perpetuity. ■ If necessary, force It follows from these views that no State upon its would be used to own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union; preserve the Union. that resolves and ordinances to that effect are legally void, and that acts of violence within any State or States against the authority of the United States are insurrectionary or revolutionary, according to circumstances. “The ”

● Union plan to conquer the South (created by President Lincoln and General )

1. Surround the South by land & sea

2. Divide Confederacy into two sections = one section could not help the other

3. Capture Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy, and destroy the rebel government Doc. A

Doc. B Doc. C

Doc. D Doc. E Even in the agricultural sector, Northern farmers were out-producing their southern counterparts in several important areas, as Southern agriculture remained labor intensive while northern agriculture became increasingly mechanized. By 1860, the free states had nearly twice the value of farm machinery per acre and per farm worker as did the slave states, leading to increased productivity. As a result, in 1860, the Northern states produced half of the nation's corn, four-fifths of its wheat, and seven-eighths of its oats. The Southern lag in industrial development did not result from any economic disadvantages. There was great wealth in the South, but it was primarily tied up in the slave economy. In 1860, the economic value of slaves in the United States exceeded the invested value of all of the nation's railroads, factories, and banks combined. On the eve of the Civil War, cotton prices were at an all-time high. The Confederate leaders were confident that the importance of cotton on the world market, particularly in England and France, would provide the South with the diplomatic and military assistance they needed for victory.

Compare & Contrast the North & South

1. Using the data you pulled from the documents, fill out a graphic organizer, comparing and contrasting the strengths & weaknesses of the North & South.

2. Than write a response paragraph (½ page to 1 page) of this comparison.