Identify the Implied Event, Comment on Its Significance, and Then List At
Identify the implied event, comment on its significance, and then list at least three contemporaneous movements, trends, or activities in literature, science, art, or economics. Related events within a five-year period of event.
1763 1803
Event Event
Significance: Significance:
Related events: Related events:
A. A.
B. B.
C. C. 1776 1814
Event Event
Significance: Significance:
Related events: Related events:
A. A.
B. B.
C. C. 1789 1848
Event Event
Significance: Significance:
Related events: Related events:
A. A.
B. B.
C. C. 1800 1861
Event Event
Significance: Significance:
Related events: Related events:
A. A.
B. B.
C. C.
Identify the main characters and the conflict, time, issues, and impact.
1. Alexander Hamilton v. Thomas Jefferson
Characters
Conflict
Time
Issues
Impact
2. Abraham Lincoln v. Stephen A. Douglas
Characters
Conflict
Time
Issues
Impact
3. Tories v. Patriots
Characters
Conflict
Time
Issues
Impact
4. Federalists v. Anti-Federalists
Characters
Conflict
Time
Issues
Impact
5. Andrew Jackson v. Nichola Biddle
Characters
Conflict
Time
Issues
Impact
Election of 1789: Election of 1828:
Candidates Candidates
Issues Issues
Major Events: Major Events:
A. A.
B. B.
C. C.
Election of 1796: Election of 1840:
Candidates Candidates
Issues Issues
Major Events: Major Events:
A. A.
B. B.
C. C.
Election of 1800: Election of 1844:
Candidates Candidates
Issues Issues
Major Events: Major Events:
A. A.
B. B.
C. C.
Election of 1824: Election of 1860:
Candidates Candidates
Issues Issues
Major Events: Major Events:
A. A.
B. B.
C. C.
Ch 1 Chronological Reasoning
Mourning Wars Columbian Exchange Robert de La Salle Bartolome de Las Casas St. Augustine, Florida Iroquois Confederacy Encomienda Archaic Era Samuel de Champlain Spanish Inquisition Francisco de Coronado Black Death Roanoke Island Reformation Treaty of Tordesillas
1st Event: ______2nd Event: ______3rd Event: ______4th Event: ______5th Event: ______6th Event: ______7th Event: ______8th Event: ______9th Event: ______10th Event: ______
Ch 2 Chronological Reasoning
House of Burgesses John Winthrop Act of Toleration Pueblo Revolt Headright Dominion of New England First Anglo-Powhatan War Mayflower Compact Glorious Revolution John Rolfe Anne Hutchinson Quakers Roger Williams Pueblo Revolt Bacon's Rebellion
1st Event: ______2nd Event: ______3rd Event: ______4th Event: ______5th Event: ______6th Event: ______7th Event: ______8th Event: ______9th Event: ______10th Event: ______
Ch 3 Chronological Reasoning
Anglicization Navigation Acts Enlightenment Indentured Servants Albany Plan of Union Stono Rebellion French and Indian War Virtual Representation Salutary Neglect Middle Passage Proclamation Line of 1763 James Oglethorpe Jonathan Edwards First Great Awakening Pontiac's Uprising
1st Event: ______2nd Event: ______3rd Event: ______4th Event: ______5th Event: ______6th Event: ______7th Event: ______8th Event: ______9th Event: ______10th Event: ______
Ch 4 Chronological Reasoning
Common Sense Writs of assistance Continental Association Sugar Act Gaspée Incident Lord Dunmore's Proclamation Boston Massacre Sons of Liberty Lexington & Concord Marquis de Lafayette Declaratory Act Committees of Correspondence Olive Branch Petition Intolerable Acts Stamp Act
1st Event: ______2nd Event: ______3rd Event: ______4th Event: ______5th Event: ______6th Event: ______7th Event: ______8th Event: ______9th Event: ______10th Event: ______
Ch 5 Chronological Reasoning
Articles of Confederation Great Compromise Land Ordinance of 1785 George Mason Antifederalists Shay's Rebellion Newburgh Conspiracy Annapolis Convention James Madison George Washington Treaty of Paris 1783 John Locke Constitution Convention Northwest Ordinance 1787 The Federalist Papers
1st Event: ______2nd Event: ______3rd Event: ______4th Event: ______5th Event: ______6th Event: ______7th Event: ______8th Event: ______9th Event: ______10th Event: ______
Ch 6 Chronological Reasoning
Bank of the United States Gabriel’s Rebellion Alexander Hamilton Jay's Treaty Judiciary Act, 1789 Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Whiskey Rebellion Thomas Jefferson Election of 1800 XYZ Affair Washington's Farewell Address French Alliance of 1778 Alien and Sedition Acts Pinckney's Treaty 12th Amendment
1st Event: ______2nd Event: ______3rd Event: ______4th Event: ______5th Event: ______6th Event: ______7th Event: ______8th Event: ______9th Event: ______10th Event: ______
Ch 7 Chronological Reasoning
Era of Good Feelings Henry Clay Harford Convention Cotton Gin John C. Calhoun Missouri Compromise Impressment Battle of Tippecanoe Daniel Webster Louisiana Purchase Monroe Doctrine Marbury v. Madison Rush-Bagot Agreement Panic of 1819 McCulloch v. Maryland
1st Event: ______2nd Event: ______3rd Event: ______4th Event: ______5th Event: ______6th Event: ______7th Event: ______8th Event: ______9th Event: ______10th Event: ______
Ch 8 Chronological Reasoning
American System Bank Veto Speech William Henry Harrison Whigs Pet Banks Democracy in America Panic of 1837 "Old Hickory” Adams-Onis Treaty Spoils System Force Bill "Corrupt Bargain" Cherokee Cases Indian Removal Act Nullification Crisis
1st Event: ______2nd Event: ______3rd Event: ______4th Event: ______5th Event: ______6th Event: ______7th Event: ______8th Event: ______9th Event: ______10th Event: ______
Ch 9 Chronological Reasoning
Lowell Offering State v. Mann John Deere Nat Turner's Rebellion Erie Canal Telegraph National Road Telegraph Farmer’s Almanac Five Points Waltham System Black Belt Spirituals Transportation Revolution Artisan Production
1st Event: ______2nd Event: ______3rd Event: ______4th Event: ______5th Event: ______6th Event: ______7th Event: ______8th Event: ______9th Event: ______10th Event: ______
Ch 10 Chronological Reasoning
American Anti-Slavery Society Maine Law 1851 Second Great Awakening Gag Rule Minstrel Show Peculiar Institution Transcendentalism Seneca Falls Convention Burned Over District Cult of True Womanhood Shakers Frederick Douglas Horace Mann Hudson River School Mormons
1st Event: ______2nd Event: ______3rd Event: ______4th Event: ______5th Event: ______6th Event: ______7th Event: ______8th Event: ______9th Event: ______10th Event: ______
Ch 11 Chronological Reasoning
Manifest Destiny Popular Sovereignty Civil Disobedience Overland Trail Brigham Young Zachary Taylor Liberty Party James K. Polk Winfield Scott Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Battle of the Alamo Fifty-four Forty or Fight Wilmot Proviso Battle of San Jacinto Thomas Hart Benton
1st Event: ______2nd Event: ______3rd Event: ______4th Event: ______5th Event: ______6th Event: ______7th Event: ______8th Event: ______9th Event: ______10th Event: ______
Ch 12 Chronological Reasoning
Freeport Doctrine Sumner Brooks Encounter Kansas Nebraska Act Know Nothings Panic of 1857 Gadsden Purchase Uncle Tom's Cabin Crittenden Compromise Fort Sumter Harper's Ferry Raid Lincoln Douglas Debates Hinton Helper Roger Taney Bleeding Kansas George Fitzhugh
1st Event: ______2nd Event: ______3rd Event: ______4th Event: ______5th Event: ______6th Event: ______7th Event: ______8th Event: ______9th Event: ______10th Event: ______
Ch 13 Chronological Reasoning
Clara Barton Emancipation Proclamation Border States Battle of Gettysburg Trent Affair 54th Massachusetts Thirteenth Amendment Conscription Act Modern Warfare Suspension of Habeas Corpus Sherman’s March to Sea Battle of Vicksburg Appomattox First Battle of Bull Run Copperheads
1st Event: ______2nd Event: ______3rd Event: ______4th Event: ______5th Event: ______6th Event: ______7th Event: ______8th Event: ______9th Event: ______10th Event: ______The Black Legend, Native Americans, and Spaniards: Crash Course US History #1 1. So to begin US History, we're not going to talk about the United States or this guy, we're going to talk about the people who lived her before any ______showed up. 2. Native North Americans had no metalwork, no gunpowder, no wheels, no written languages and no domesticated animals. However, they did have ______, complex social and political structures and widespread ______networks. 3. So, no one knows exactly how many people lived in North America before the Europeans got here. Some estimates are as high as ______million, but in the present US borders, the guesses are between 2 and 10 million. And like other Native Americans, their populations were decimated by ______such as smallpox and influenza.
That said, let's go to the Thought Bubble.
4. Most Native groups in most places organized as ______, and their lives were dominated by the natural resources available where they lived. So, West Coast Indians primarily lived by fishing, gathering and hunting sea mammals. Great Plains Indians were often ______hunters. These 5. And while most tribal leaders were men, many tribes were matrilineal, meaning that children became members of their mother's family. Also, women were often important religious ______. 6. The ______were the first Europeans to explore this part of the world. Juan Ponce de Leon arrived in what is now Florida in 1513, looking for gold and the fabled Fountain of Youth. 7. So the Spanish wanted to colonize Florida to set up ______bases to thwart the pirates who preyed on silver-laden Spanish galleons coming out of Mexico. But Spanish missionaries also came over, hoping to convert local Native populations. 8. Mystery document: History of the ______9. So at the beginning of our series, I want to point out something that we need to remember throughout. One of the great things about American history is that we have a lot of ______sources - this is the advantage of the US coming on to the scene so late in the game, historically speaking.
When is Thanksgiving? Colonizing America: Crash Course US History #2 1. So most Americans grew up hearing that the United States was founded by pasty English people who came here to escape religious persecution, and that's true of the small proportion of people who settled in the Massachusetts Bay and created what we now know is ______. 2. The first successful English colony in America was founded in ______, Virginia in 1607. I say "successful" because there were two previous attempts to colonize the region. 3. Indentured servants weren't quite slaves, but they were kind of temporary slaves, like they could be bought and sold and they had to do what their masters commanded. But after seven to ten years of that, if they weren't dead, they were paid their ______dues which they hoped would allow them to buy ______of their own. Sometimes that worked out, but often either the money wasn't enough to buy a farm or else they were too dead to collect it. 4. Even more ominously in 1619, just twelve years after the founding of Jamestown the first shipment of African slaves arrived in Virginia. So the colony probably would have continued to struggle along if they hadn't found something that people really loved: ______. 5. Ok. So a quick word about Maryland. Maryland was the second Chesapeake Colony, founded in ______, and by now there was no messing around with joint stock companies.
Let's go to the Thought Bubble.
6. Most of the English men and women who settled in New England were uber-Protestant Puritans who believed the ______Church of England was still too Catholic-y with its kneeling and incense and extravagantly- hatted archbishops. 7. While still on board their ship the Mayflower, forty-one of the 150 or so colonists wrote and signed an agreement called the ______Compact in which they all bound themselves to follow "just and equal laws" that their chosen representatives would write-up. Since this was the first written framework for government in the US, it's kind of a big deal. 8. Mystery Document: A Model of ______Charity by John Winthrop. 9. There was also slavery in Massachusetts. The first slaves were recorded in the colony in ______. However, Puritans really did foster equality in one sense. They wanted everyone to be able to read the ______. 10. For one thing, Puritan ideas of equality and representation weren't particularly equitable or representational. In truth, America was also founded by indigenous people and by Spanish settlers, and the earliest English colonies weren't about religion; they were about ______.
The Natives and the English - Crash Course US History #3 1. So as previously noted, relationships, whether between individuals or collectives, tend to go well when they are mutually beneficial, and for a while, both the English and the Indians were better off for these interactions. I mean, you know, post- ______.
2. We tend to think of trade between Europeans and Natives as being a one-way exchange, like savvy, exploitative Europeans tricking primitive, pure, indigenous people into unfair deals. But that isn't quite accurate. Both sides traded goods that they had in ______for those they did not. 3. Yes, at one point John Smith was captured by the Indians and had to be "saved" by Powhatan's daughter, ______, but this was probably all a ritual planned by Powhatan to demonstrate his dominance over the English. 4. But the 1622 uprising was the final nail in the coffin of the ______Company, which was a failure in every way. It never turned a profit, and despite sponsoring 6,000 colonists, by 1644 when Virginia became a royal colony, only 1,200 of those people were still alive, proving once again that governments are better at governing than corporations.
5. This was such a concern that in 1642, the Massachusetts General Court prescribed a sentence of ______years' hard labor for anyone who left the colony and went to live with the indigenous people
The Pequot War
6. It was called the Pequot War. After some Pequots killed an English fur trader, soldiers from Massachusetts, the newly- formed colony of Connecticut, and some Narragansett Indians, who saw an opportunity to gain an upper hand over the Pequots, attached a Pequot village at Mystic, burning it and massacring over ______people. 7. The war continued for a few months after this, but to call it a war is, in a way, to give it too much credit. The Indians were overmatched from the beginning, and by the end, almost all of them had been massacred or sold into ______in the Caribbean. 8. Despite the odds, New England natives continued to resist the English. In 1675, Native Americans launched their biggest attack on New England colonists in what would come to be known as ______War. It was led by a Wampanoag chief named Metacom, which was why it is also sometimes called Metacom's War 9. Indians attacked half of the 90 towns the English had founded, and 12 of those towns were destroyed. About 1,000 of the 52,000 Europeans and 3,000 of the 20,000 Indians involved died in the War. As I mentioned before, the War was particularly ______. 10. Mystery Document: The Laws of War were passed by the General Court of ______in 1675 11. But it's important to know the ways that they resisted colonization, because it reminds us that Native Americans were people who acted in history, not just people who were acted upon by it. And it also reminds us that the history of Indigenous people on this land mass isn't separate from ______; it's an essential part of it.
The Quakers, the Dutch, and the Ladies: Crash Course US History #4 1. New Amsterdam became ______which was a mixed blessing. The population doubled in the decade after the English takeover but English rule meant less economic freedom for women who, under the Dutch were able to inherit property and conduct business for themselves. And under the English, free black people lost a lot of the jobs they had been able to hold under the Dutch. 2. Quakers were a pretty tolerant bunch, except when it came to ______which they opposed vehemently. 3. Quakers had to resort to such tricks because they were ______. I should also mention that they weren't particularly fond of loose living. The government prevented swearing and drunkenness for instance but, you know, it was still pretty great compared to the other colonies. 4. Oh it's time for the mystery document? Nathaniel ______was the author of the Mystery document 5. Before the rebellion was quelled by the arrival of English warships, Bacon burned ______and made himself ruler of Virginia and looted the Berkley's supporters' land. 6. ______rebellion is sometimes portrayed as an early example of lower-class artisans and would-be farmers rising up against the corrupt British elite, which I guess kind of... But the biggest effects of the rebellion were: 1. A shift away from indentured servants to ______, and 2. A general desire by the English crown to control the ______more. 7. And these new guys imposed the English ______Act of 1690, which decreed that all Protestants could worship freely. As Toleration Acts go, this one wasn't that tolerant-- I mean, it still discriminated against Jews-- but it did mark the end of the Puritan Experiment. 8. Most colonists were ______, or worked on farms, and they were mostly small, unlike the giant plantations that predominated in the Caribbean. 9. So that variety of jobs leads us nicely into our last topic today: colonial ______. 10. Married women in 18th-century colonial America generally couldn't own property, and husbands usually willed their land to their sons and their personal items to their daughters, meaning that almost all landowners were ______. 11. The colonial era often gets skipped for its lack of large-scale drama, but those small scale ______can be found in abundance.
The Seven Years War and the Great Awakening: Crash Course US History #5 1. And as and far as causes go, the Seven Years War was, really like most wars, about ______. 2. You can’t separate what happened from what people wanted and believed and ______. 3. Mercantilism was basically the idea that the government should regulate the economy in order to increase ______power. This meant encouraging local production through tariffs and ______and also trying to ensure a favorable balance of trade. 4. So, wars usually have really complicated ______, and it’s very rare that we can refer to one thing as make them really inevitable. Fortunately, the Seven Years War is the exception to that rule. 5. Let’s go to the Thought Bubble. The actual fighting began when the British, or more precisely a British colonists led by a 21-year-old colonel named ______Washington -- tried to eject the French from the forts they were constructing in Western Pennsylvania. The first attempt in 1754 was a disaster. Washington built and then abandoned the ironically named Fort Necessity with the loss of ______of his men. 6. But suffice it to say, the British were victorious in ______, the Caribbean, Europe, and as far away as ______. The war continued officially for three more years and ended with the Treaty of ______in 1763. 7. And as the British moved west, Native American Indians felt compelled to ______. 8. Oh, it’s time for the Mystery Document? Authors of the Mystery Document: Mathew ______and James Gibson 9. So, after the end of the Seven Years War, American Indians organized an armed revolt. In 1763, Indian, particularly from the Ottawa and the Delaware tribes, launched what came to be known as ______Rebellion. 10. Another outcome of the Seven Years War was that it set up the ______Revolution. I mean, you’ve just seen colonists ignoring the British Parliament. 11. And a second type of political philosophy grew out of ideas that in the 18th Century were called "liberalism." For classical liberals, the main task of government was to protect citizens’ natural rights, which were defined as John Locke as life, liberty, and ______. 12. For liberals like Locke, governments were the result of a social contract, whereby individuals would give up some of their liberty in exchange for a government protecting their ______rights. 13. So, one of the keys of the American Revolution was the breakdown in ______for authority. And this was fueled partly by ______, partly by political philosophies that undermined effects in governance from afar, and partly by religious revivals that criticized not only church hierarchies, but also other aspects of colonial society.
Taxes & Smuggling - Prelude to Revolution: Crash Course US History #6 1. So two things to keep in mind here: one, the American Revolution and the American war for independence are not the same thing and two, while I know this will upset some of you, the American Revolution was not really about ______. 2. So as you'll recall, the Seven Years war ended with the Treaty of ______in 1763 which made the colonists cranky because it limited their ability to take land from the ______and it also left them holding the bag for a lot of war debt. 3. But mostly the colonists were angry because they didn’t have any say about the new ______that Britain was imposing. 4. The first purportedly oppressive tax, the ______Act of 1764, extended the Molasses Act by changing the tax on imports from the Caribbean from 6 cents per gallon all the way up to 3 cents per gallon. 5. The ______Act declared that all printed material had to carry a stamp. Unsurprisingly, that stamp was not free. This was purely to gain revenue for Britain and it mostly affected people who used a lot of paper. 6. So in October, protesters organized the Stamp Act Congress, which after a meeting, decided to ______British goods. And this was the first major coordinated action by the colonies together and it might be the first time that we can speak of the colonies acting in a united way. 7. The British Parliament ______the Stamp Act, but they did pass the Declaratory Act which was all like, “Listen, you’re not the boss of us. We can tax you. We don’t want to tax you right now as it happens, but we could if we wanted to. But we won’t, but we could!” So the repeal of the Stamp Act was seen by many in the colonies as a huge ______. 8. On occasion, protests did get out of hand as in the ______Massacre of March 5, 1760, which, while it was not much of a massacre, was definitely the worst outcome of a snowball fight in American history.
Thought Bubble
9. Why were the colonists so mad that on December 16, 1773 they dressed up as Indians and dumped enough tea into Boston Harbor to cause the modern equivalent of a four million dollar loss? Some colonists were upset that cheap tea would cut into the ______of smugglers and established tea merchants, but most were just angry on principle. 10. And this brings me back to an important point: although we tend to equate the two, the American Revolution and the American war for independence were not the same thing. I mean for one thing, the fighting started ______months before the Declaration of Independence. 11. Who was the author of the Mystery document? Charles ______
12. But anyway America eventually declared independence for many reasons, but Paine’s persuasive arguments were one important reason, and it marks a moment when the pen truly was, if not more powerful, then at least more important, than the ______. I mean, within six months of the publication of ______Sense, the Second Continental Congress had declared independence and signed one of the most important documents in the history of the world.
Who Won the American Revolution?: Crash Course US History #7
1. The main strategy of the British in the Revolutionary war was to ______all the cities and force the colonists to surrender. And the first part of that strategy pretty much worked. They captured Boston and New York and Charleston, but all the colonists had to do was ______. 2. But the most important battle, at least in the North, was not Trenton, but ______. This was a major defeat for the ______, and while it’s often put forth as an example of the superiority of the Continental fighting man, the British mostly lost because of terrible generalling. 3. Let’s go to the Thought Bubble. Others were pacifists, like the Quakers, who often had their property confiscated when they refused to fight, and in colonial America, of course, losing property also meant losing ______. 4. Now, many slaves were returned to their masters, but more than 15,000 left the U.S. when the British did. And it’s worth remembering that the British Empire abolished slavery in all of its territory by 1843 and without a ______5. And it should be mentioned that, unsurprisingly, American troops were particularly brutal to American Indians who fought for the ______, burning their villages and enslaving prisoners, contrary to the accepted rules of war. 6. However, the idea of Republican Motherhood became really important. It held that for the republic to survive, it was necessary to have a well-______citizenry. 7. So what was revolutionary? Well, the ideas. A lot of which are summed up in a single sentence of the Declaration of Independence: “We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created ______, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights and that among these are life, ______, and the pursuit of happiness.” 8. Another aspect of the American revolution that was pretty revolutionary was the beginning of true ______freedom. Like, with independence, the Church of England ceased to be the Church of America. 9. Mystery Document author? Noah ______10. And while the U.S. no longer leads in equality of opportunity, that early American idea that we are all ______in our capacity to reason and to work became the foundation not just for the American Revolution, but for many others that would come afterward.
The Constitution, the Articles, and Federalism: Crash Course US History #8 1. The first government set up by the Continental Congress was called the ______of Confederation and it was, in a word: ______. In two words, it was not good. Which is why it only lasted 10 2. The government was deliberately ______, which followed logically from Americans’ fear of tyrannical governments taxing them and quartering soldiers in their houses and so on. 3. Getting control of the land meant taking it from the Indians who were living there, and the Articles government was empowered to make ______, which it did. 4. Still, the Articles government was a complete disaster for exactly one reason: It could not collect ______. Both the national government and the individual states had racked up massive debt to pay for the war, and their main source of revenue became tariffs, but because Congress couldn’t impose them, states had to do it individually. 5. In 1786 and 1787, the problem got so bad in Massachusetts that farmers rose up and closed the courts to prevent them from foreclosing upon their debt-encumbered farms. This was called ______Rebellion, after Revolutionary War veteran and indebted farmer Daniel Shays. 6. But, one thing they all shared was a desire for a ______national government. The delegates agreed on many things – the government should have executive, legislative and ______branches and should be republican, with representatives, rather than direct democracy. 7. Alexander ______, probably the biggest proponent of very strong government, wanted the President and Senate to serve life terms, for example. 8. Instead we got the Great Compromise, brokered by Connecticut’s Roger Sherman, which gave us two houses, a House of Representatives with representation proportional to each state’s population, and a Senate with ______members from each state. 9. House members, also called Congressmen, served two year terms while Senators served ______year terms, with 1/3 of them being up for election in every 2 year cycle. The House was designed to be responsive to the ______, while the Senate was created to never pass anything and it was so masterfully designed that it still works to this day. 10. But except for the tyranny of slavery, the framers really hated tyranny. To avoid tyranny of the government, the Constitution embraced two principles:______of powers and federalism. The government was divided into three branches— legislative, executive, and judiciary, and the Constitution incorporated______and balances: each branch can check the power of the others. 11. But, the Constitution of the United States is a really impressive document, especially when you consider its ______. 12. Who was the Mystery Document author? ______13. The whole idea of the ______Amendment was that the people could protect themselves from a standing army by being equally well-armed. 14. And, the Anti-Federalists were very afraid of a ______government, especially one dominated by the wealthy. Writers like James Winthrop held that a large group of United States would be like an empire and “that no extensive empire can be governed upon Republican principles.” 15. And while ultimately the Federalists won out and the Constitution was ratified, the issue of how large government should be did not go away. So, the Constitution was really only a ______point. It’s a vague document, and the details would be worked out in the political process. And then on the ______.
Where US Politics Came From: Crash Course US History #9
1. First, Hamilton wanted the country to be mercantile, which means that he believed that we should be deeply involved in______. 2. Second, he wanted the U.S. to be a ______powerhouse. We wouldn’t just buy and sell stuff; we would make it too 3. This small scale local economy could best be served by a small scale, ______government. 4. The Federalists on the other hand saw too much ______speech and democracy as a ______. 5. And to that end, Hamilton began the great American tradition of having a 5 point plan:
Point 1: Establish the nation’s credit-worthiness Hamilton realized that if the new nation wanted to be taken seriously it had to pay off its ______, most of which had come during the war. And to do this Hamilton proposed that the U.S. government assume the debt that the states had amassed. 6. Point 2: Create a national debt – that’s something you don’t hear politicians say these days – Hamilton wanted to create new interest bearing ______, hoping to give the rich people a stake in our nation’s success. 7. Point 3: Create a ______of the United States – This bank would be private and it would turn a profit for its shareholders but it would hold public funds and issue notes that would circulate as currency. And the bank would definitely be needed to house all the money that was expected to be raised from… 8. Point 4: A Whiskey tax. Then, as now, Americans liked to drink. And one sure way to raise money was to set an excise tax on ______, which might reduce drinking on the margins or cause people to switch to beer. But what it would definitely do is hurt small farmers, who found the most profitable use of their grain was to distill it into sweet, sweet whiskey. So the Whiskey Tax really upset small farmers, as we will see in a moment. 9. Point 5: Encourage domestic ______manufacturing by imposing a tariff. For those of you who think that the U.S. was founded on free trade principles, think again. 10. Washington actually led (at least for part of the way) a force of ______men to put down this Whiskey Rebellion, becoming the only sitting president to lead troops in the field, and America continued to tax booze, as it does to this day.
11. By the end of his presidency, George Washington was somewhat disillusioned by ______. 12. Still, by the time the diminutive John ______took over as the second president, Americans had already divided themselves into two groups, elitist ______and Republicans who stood for freedom and equality and… Oh, It’s time for the Mystery Document? 13. Author of the Mystery Document? ______14. So they changed the constitution, but not until after the next election which featured another screw up. We’re awesome at this. Side note: The ______college system would continue to misrepresent the will of the American voters, most notably in 1876, 1888, and 2000, but also in every election. 15. They disrupted our shipping, we felt nervous about their increasingly violent revolution, and then, after three French emissaries tried to extort a bribe from the U.S. government as part of negotiations – the so called “______affair” because we didn’t want to give the names of these bribe-seeking French scoundrels. 16. The American public turned against France, somewhat hysterically, as it will. Taking advantage of the hysteria, Adams pushed through the Alien and ______Acts. The Alien Act lengthened the period of time it took to become a citizen, and the Sedition Act made it a crime to ______the government.
Thomas Jefferson & His Democracy: Crash Course US History #10
1. Incidentally, Burr and Hamilton really disliked each other and not unlike the passive aggressive way that politicians dislike each other these days but in the four years later they would have a duel and ______killed Hamilton kind of way 2. So, Jefferson became president and his election showed that Americans wanted a more democratic politics where common people were more free to express their ______. The Federalists were never really a threat again in presidential politics and arguably the best thing that John Adams ever did was transfer power in an orderly and honorable way to his rival Jefferson. 3. Jefferson's campaign slogan was "Jefferson and ______," but the liberty in question was severely limited. 4. Mystery Document author? ______5. But back to Jefferson. His idea was to make the government smaller, lower taxes, shrink the ______, and make it possible for America to become a bucolic, agrarian empire of liberty, rather than an English-style industrial-mercantile nightmare landscape. 6. This is yet another example of how foreign affairs keeps getting in the way of ______priorities, in this case the domestic priority of not wanting to spend money on a navy. 7. Marshall was Chief Justice basically forever, and is without question the most important figure in the history of the Supreme Court. He wrote a number of key opinions, but none was more important than the 1803 decision in Marbury v ______. 8. Marbury v. Madison is so important because in that decision the Supreme Court gave itself the power of ______review, which allows it to uphold or invalidate federal laws 9. So yeah, Jefferson basically ______the size of the US in what came to be known as the ______Purchase. Napoleon was eager to sell it because the rebellion in Haiti had soured him on the whole idea of colonies, and also because he needed ______10. By doubling the size of the country, Jefferson could ensure that there would be enough land for every white man to have his own small farm, and this, in turn, would ensure that Americans would remain ______and virtuous 11. The embargo limited the power of the ______government
The War of 1812 - Crash Course US History #11 1. The reason most often given for The War of ______was the British impressment of American sailors where by American sailors would be kidnapped and basically forced into British servitude. 2. So those pushing for war were known as war ______, and the most famous among them was Kentucky's Henry Clay. 3. Now some historians disagree with this but the relentless pursuit of new land certainly fits in with the Jeffersonian model of an agrarian republic. And there's another factor that figured into America's decision to go to war: ______into territory controlled by Native Americans. 4. Mystery document author? ______5. So he was also known as The Prophet, because of his ______teachings, and also because of the pronunciation issues 6. The Americans responded to this reasonable criticism in the traditional manner -- with guns. William Henry ______destroyed the native settlement at Prophetstown in what would become known as the Battle of Tippecanoe. He would later ride that fame all the way to the presidency in 1840 and then - SPOILER ALERT! - he would give the longest inauguration address ever, catch a cold, and die ______days later. 7. So the War of 1812 was the first time that the United States declared______on anybody. It was also the smallest margin of a declaration of war vote: 79 to 49 in the House and 19 to 13 in the Senate. 8. The War launched Andrew ______career and solidified the settlement and conquest of land east of the Mississippi River.
9. It's hard to argue that the Americans really won The War of ______, but we felt like we won, and nothing unleashes national pride like war winning. The nationalistic fever that emerged in the early 19th century, was like most things; good news for some and bad news for others. But what’s important to remember is regardless of whether you're an American is that after 1812, the United States saw itself not just as an independent nation but as a big player on the ______stage.
The Market Revolution: Crash Course US History #12 1. So today we're going to turn to one of the least-studied but most interesting periods in American history: the ______Revolution. 2. The Market Revolution, like the Industrial Revolution, was more of a ______than an event. It happened in the first half of the 19th century, basically, the period before the Civil War. This was the so-called "Era of ______Feelings," because between 1812 and 1836, there was really only one political party, making American politics, you know, much less contentious. 3. More important than roads were ______, which made transport much cheaper and more efficient, and which wouldn't have been possible without the steam boat. And on the communication side, we got the telegraph, so no longer would Andrew Jackson fight battles two weeks after the end of a war. 4. Telegraphs allowed merchants to know when to expect their ______and how much they could expect to sell them for. And then, as now, more information meant more robust markets. 5. So, all these new economic features--roads, canals, railroads, telegraphs, factories--they all required massive up-front capital investment. Like, you just can't build a canal in stages as it pays for itself. So, without more modern ______systems and people willing to take risks, none of this would have happened. People don't always like that, by the way, but it's been very good for economic growth in the last 180 years or so. 6. In the 1830s, states began passing general incorporation laws, which made it easier to create corporations, and the Supreme Court upheld them and protected them from further interference in cases like ______vs. Ogden, which struck down a monopoly that New York had granted to one steamboat company 7. Moving out ______was a key aspect of American freedom, and the first half of the 19th century became the age of "______": the idea that it was a God-given right of Americans to spread out over the North American continent. 8. Author of the Mystery Document? ______9. Now, most people read "Bartleby" as an existentialist narrative, and it definitely is that, but, for me, the story's subtitle proves that it's also about the market economy. The full title of the story is, "Bartleby the Scrivener: A Story of ______."
Slavery - Crash Course US History #13 1. So the slave-based economy in the ______is sometimes characterized as having been separate from the Market Revolution, but that's not really the case. Without southern ______, the North wouldn't have been able to industrialize, at least not as quickly, because cotton textiles were one of the first industrially products. 2. Like, there was very little industry in the South. It produced only _____% of the nation's manufactured goods. 3. And, as most of the capital was being plowed into the purchase of slaves, there was very little room for technological innovation, like, for instance, railroads. This lack of industry and railroads would eventually make the South suck at the ______, thankfully. 4. One of the best-known proponents of this view was John C. ______, who, in 1837, said this in a speech on the Senate floor: "I hold that, in the present state of civilization, where two races of different origin and distinguished by color and other physical differences as well as intellectual, are brought together, the relation now existing in the slave-holding states between the two is, instead of an evil, a ______. A positive good." 5. Like, slaves on the rice plantations of South Carolina had______working conditions, but they labored under the task system, which meant that once they had completed their allotted daily work, they would have time to do other things. 6. On cotton plantations, most slaves worked in gangs, usually under the control of an overseer, or another slave who was called a "______." This was back-breaking work done in the southern sun and humidity, and so it's not surprising that whippings - or the threat of them - were often necessary to get slaves to work. 7. Slaves' resistance to their dehumanization took many forms, but the primary way was by forming ______. Family was a refuge for slaves and a source of dignity that masters recognized and sought to stifle. 8. Religion was also an important part of life in ______. While masters wanted their slaves to learn the parts of the Bible that talked about being happy in bondage, slave worship tended to focus on the stories of Exodus, where ______brought the slaves out of bondage, or Biblical heroes, who overcame great odds, like Daniel and David. 9. Mystery Document Author? ______10. Harriet Tubman escaped to Philadelphia at the age of 29, and over the course of her life, she made about 20 trips back to Maryland to help friends and relatives make the journey north on the Underground ______. 11. And, most importantly, in the face of systematic legal and cultural degradation, they re-affirmed their humanity through family and through ______12. Why is this so important? Because too often in America, we still talk about slaves as if they failed to rise up, when, in fact, rising up would not have made life better for them or for their ______. 13. The truth is, sometimes carving out an identity as a human being in a social order that is constantly seeking to dehumanize you, is the most powerful form of resistance. Refusing to become the chattel that their masters believed them to be is what made slavery untenable and the Civil War inevitable, so make no mistake, slaves fought back. And in the end, they ______
Age of Jackson: Crash Course US History #14 1. But anyway, the whole idea of owning ______as a prerequisite for voting is sort of Jeffersonian. 2. Right, so you recall that America's mostly fake victory in the War of 1812 and the subsequent collapse of the Federalist party ushered in the "Era of ______," which was another way of saying that there was basic agreement on most domestic policies. 3. The American System was a program of economic nationalism, built on 1) federally financed internal improvements - like ______and canals, what we would now call infrastructure. 2) ______, to protect new factories and industries, and 3) A national bank that would replace the First ______of the United States, whose charter had expired in 1811. 4. Right, so the last Era of Good Feelings president was John Quincy ______, who was quite the diplomat and expansionist. He actually wrote the Monroe Doctrine, for instance. 5. But, in the short run, Missouri was allowed to enter the Union as a ______state while Maine was carved out of Massachusetts to keep the balance of things. 6. But the ______Compromise also said that no state admitted above the 36º30' line of latitude would be allowed to have slaves, except of course for Missouri itself, which, as you can see, is well above the line. 7. You see, Van Buren was only the second American president with a well-used nickname, and the first was his immediate predecessor, Andrew Jackson, or "Old ______." 8. The election of ______was very close and it went to the House, where John Quincy Adams was eventually declared the winner, and Jackson denounced this as a corrupt bargain. 9. The American Whigs took their name from the English Whigs, who were opposed to absolute ______. 10. Jackson supported this, in spite of the fact that it benefited manufacturers. The tariff ______prices on imported manufactured goods made of wool and iron, which enraged South Carolina, because they'd put all their money into slavery, and none into industry. 11. Mystery Document Author?______12. These so-called "______" were another version of rewarding political supporters that Jackson liked to call "rotation in office." Opponents called this tactic of awarding government offices to political favorites "the______system." 13. So, all of this out-of-control inflation, coupled with rampant land speculation, eventually led to an economic collapse, the ______of 1837. 14. In the end, Andrew Jackson probably was the ______American president to end up on currency, particularly given his disastrous fiscal policies, but the age of Jackson is still important.
19th Century Reforms: Crash Course US History #15 1. So one response to the massive changes brought about by the shift to an industrialized market economy was to create Utopian communities where people could separate themselves from the worst aspects of this "Brave New ______” 2. So while some of these communities were based in religion, others were more worldly attempts to create new models of society, like ______Farm. 3. And behind most of those reform movements was religion, particularly a religious revival called the Second Great Awakening. This series of revival meetings reached their height in the 1820s and 1830s with Charles Grandison Finney's giant camp meetings in New York. And, in a way, the ______Great Awakening made America a religious nation. 4. The Awakening stressed individual ______in salvation and a personal relationship with Jesus Christ, and it was deeply influenced by the Market Revolution. 5. Secondly, many of these reformers believed in ______: the idea that individuals in society were capable of unlimited improvement. 6. They also needed to perfect their communities, and that leads us to America's great national nightmare: ______7. [Thought Bubble] ______was the biggest reform movement in the first half of the 19th century, probably because-- sorry, alcohol and fast dancing--slavery was the worst. 8. So, needless to say, not all Americans were quite so thrilled about abolitionism, which is why ______remained unabolished. 9. But while based on a black man's story, Uncle Tom's ______was written by a white woman, which shows us that black abolitionists were battling not only slavery, but near ubiquitous racism. 10. Author of the Mystery document? ______11. And, in the end, the sophistication and elegance in the black abolitionists' arguments became one of the strongest arguments for ______. 12. But I just want to note here at the end that it's no coincidence that so many abolitionists' voices like Harriet Beecher ______, for instance, were female.
Women in the 19th Century: Crash Course US History #16 1. Women in the U.S. were shut out of the political process because they could not own ______2. What could working women not control if they were married? 3. As an alcohol reformer, what did Carrie Nation do to get attention? 4. The Women’s Rights Convention at Seneca Falls produced what document?
5. What did those who criticized women’s movements (which called for the ability to work, have control over reproduction, and voting rights) claim that these women wanted?
War & Expansion: Crash Course US History #17 1. So you might remember that journalist John O'Sullivan coined the phrase "______" to describe America's God given right to take over all the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans regardless of who might be living there. 2. On March 13th, 1836, Santa Anna defeated the American defenders of the Alamo, killing 187 or 188, sources differ, Americans including David ______. The Texas rebels would "remember the ______," and come back to defeat Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto, and Mexico was forced to recognize Texas' independence. 3. Henry David Thoreau was in fact thrown in jail for refusing to pay taxes in ______of the war, and wrote On Civil Disobedience in his defense. 4. Right, so Santa Anna's army was defeated in February 1847, but Mexico refused to give up, so Winfield Scott, who had the unfortunate nickname "Old Fuss and ______" captured Mexico City itself in September. 5. Now, not all of those migrants - mainly young men seeking their fortunes - were white. Nearly 25,000 Chinese people migrated to California, most as contract workers working for mining and ______companies. 6. Mystery Document Author? ______7. The California constitution of 1850 limited civil participation to whites. No Asians, no black people or Native Americans could ______or testify in court. 8. So, a new Free ______Party formed in 1848 calling for the limiting of slavery's expansion in the West so that it could be open for white people to live and work. 9. The four points were:
1) California would be admitted as a ______state,
2) the ______trade - but not slavery - would be outlawed in Washington D.C.,
3) a new super harsh fugitive slave law would be enacted, and
4) ______sovereignty. The idea was that in the remaining territories taken from Mexico, the local white inhabitants could decide for themselves whether the state would be slave or free when it applied to be part of the United States.
10. But we see in the story of manifest destiny the underlying ______: the United States didn't govern according to its own ideals. It didn't extend liberties to Native Americans or Mexican Americans, or immigrant populations, or slaves.
The Election of 1860 & the ... Crash Course US History #18 1. The road to the Civil War leads to discussions of ______(to slavery), and differing economic systems (specifically whether those economic systems should involve slavery), and the election of Abraham Lincoln (specifically how his election impacted slavery), but none of those things would have been issues without ______! 2. Railroads made shipping ______and more efficient, and allowed people to move around the country quickly, 3. The Kansas-Nebraska Act formalized the idea of ______sovereignty, which basically meant that white residents of states could decide for themselves whether the state should allow slavery. 4. And now, we return at last to Slave Power. For many Northerners, the ______Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise 5. Right, so part of the Kansas problem was that hundreds of so-called "______Ruffians" flocked to Kansas from pro- slavery Missouri, to cast ballots in Kansas elections. 6. The case took years to find its way to the Supreme Court, and eventually, in 1857, Chief Justice Roger B. ______from Maryland handed down his decision. The Court held that Scott was still a ______, but it went even further, attempting to settle the slavery issue once and for all. 7. Author of the Mystery document?______8. In 1859, John ______led a disastrous raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry hoping capture guns and then give them to slaves who would rise up and use those guns against their masters. 9. Abraham Lincoln received _____ votes in nine American states but he won 40% of the overall popular vote, including majorities in many of the most populous states, thereby winning the Electoral College. So anytime a guy becomes president who literally did not appear on your ballot, there is likely to be a problem. 10. By the time he took office on March 1, 1861, ______states had seceded and formed the Confederate States of America and the stage was set for the fighting to begin, which it did when Southern troops fired upon the Union garrison at Fort ______in Charleston Harbor on April 12, 1861. 11. 11. And the failure of the United States to understand that the rights of black Americans were as inalienable as those of white Americans is ultimately what made the ______inevitable.
Battles of the Civil War: Crash Course US History #19 1. The shooting started in ______. 2. In April, the first shots of the war were fired at the Battle of Fort Sumter, South Carolina, which the ______won. 3. The North then won a bunch of battles in Mississippi at Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hill and finally, ______. That victory, along with the victory at Port Hudson, effectively ended the Confederates' ability to use the ______River. 4. Fighting in June 1863 in Virginia was inconclusive with draws in Brandy Station, Aldie and Upperville. And then July brought the Battle of Gettysburg, a major ______victory.
5. Finally, the decisive battle, at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, on April 8th, 1865, which resulted in Lee's surrender to ______- there were a few more minor skirmishes - but the war was over!
6. Ugh, so there you have it, an episode of Crash Course entirely about ______. What did we learn? Very little in the end. And I know I missed many battles of the war, but I also didn't miss many.
Civil War Part 1 #20
1. About how many people died in the Civil War? ______2. The war lasted from ______to ______3. Lincolns goal during the war was to preserve the ______4. What advantages did the Union have over the South? (list 3) 1 2 3 5. General Lees furthest battle into the north was the Battle of ______(10:02) 6. The capture of what Southern city help Lincoln win the 1964 election______(11:08)
Civil War Part 2 #21 1. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to free all slaves in the ______, however the Proclamation did not free the slaves in the north. 2. What Amendment freed the slaves? ______3. The Souths best chance to win the war was to get help from ______4. Britain did not want to because of issue of ______– and got their cotton elsewhere 5. Americas Civil War was one of the most destructive wars because of ______6. The ______Act gave away 160 acres of free land to spur westward expansion 7. Who did the government give 150 million acres of land called land grants to ______8. The Civil War was not just a war that was North over the South, or Freedom over slavery, it created a Nation that the United States of America has ______