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The Fire-Eaters, the South, and Secession. (Volumes I and II)

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The Fire-Eaters, the South, and Secession. (Volumes I and II) Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1988 The irF e-Eaters, the South, and Secession. (Volumes I and II). Eric Harry Walther Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Walther, Eric Harry, "The irF e-Eaters, the South, and Secession. (Volumes I and II)." (1988). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4548. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4548 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. U M I film s the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send U M I a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these w ill be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted m aterial had to be removed, a note w ill indicate the deletion. Oversize m aterials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections w ith sm all overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6" X 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact U M I directly to order. Accessing the World’sUMI Information since 1938 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 8819990 The fire-eaters, the South, and secession. (Volumes I and II) Walther, Eric Harry, Ph.D. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col., 1988 Copyright ©1989 by Walther, Eric Harry. All rights reserved. UMI SOON.ZecbRd. Ann Arbor, M l 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V 1. Glossy photographs or pages. 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print______ 3. Photographs with dark background____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy y / ' 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page. 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages_______ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements _____ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print. 11. Page(s)___________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)___________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received _________ 16. Other UMI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE FIRE-EATERS, THE SOUTH, AND SECESSION VOLUME I A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Eric Harry Walther B.A., California State University, Fullerton, 1982 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1984 May, 1988 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ©1989 ERIC HARRY WALTHER All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have been fortunate to receive help and encouragement from many people during my six years at Louisiana State University, but several deserve special thanks. Paul F. Paskoff has earned my eternal gratitude for showing this former computer luddite how helpful twentieth century machines can be. Robert Becker graciously offered to read my work in its early stages, provided thoughtful criticism and constant challenges to do better. I also wish to express my appreciation and thanks to each of my committee members. The librarians and staff at the Louisiana State University Libraries were of considerable help, especially Lynn Roundtree in the Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections and Debbie Atchison for help with microforms. No institution can function without the virtuosity and resourcefulness of people like Peggy Seale, Marlene LeBlanc, JoAnne McMullen, and Caroline Walker. Besides helping me hack through jungles of paperwork and procedures and keeping me aware of deadlines, they have all become very special friends. My undergraduate advisor, Ronald D. Rietveld at California State University, Fullerton, has given me enthusiastic support throughout the years. Although he encourages all his students to pursue whatever intrigues them, I know that part of him wishes that I would have become a Lincoln scholar. During our travels in 1986 my wife and I were fortunate to i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. have met Elizabeth Ruffin and her family at Evelynton Plantation. Their hospitality and refreshments made a hot summer day into a delight. I cannot imagine having had a better advisor than William J. Cooper, Jr. He has provided me with guidance, firm prods when needed, invaluable suggestions and criticisms, but has also always encouraged me to fumble on by myself. Though keeping me humble, he has helped boost my confidence in my own abilities and helped draw out of me more than I ever expected I could do. Throughout my college studies I have received the boundless love, support, and understanding of my wife Helen and my family. School work has taken me far from those who mean the most to me, and although it seems so little to do in return, I dedicate this dissertation to them all. Ill Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I Acknowledgements ........................................... ii Table of C o n t e n t s ......................................... iv Abstract .................................................... v Introduction ............................................... vil Prologue..................................................... xiii Chapter I: "TO MAKE HIS MIND THE MIND OF OTHER MEN" .... 1 Chapter II: "TO FIRE THE SOUTHERN H E A R T " .................. 66 Chapter III: "HONORABLE AND USEFUL AMBITION" .............. 123 Chapter IV: "HOW BEST TO USE AND CONTROUL. MA N " ............. 171 VOLUME II Chapter V: "PALMETTO RECKLESSNESS AND DARING" ............ 236 Chapter VI: "PLOUGHSHARES COME BEFORE PHILOSOPHY" ........ 294 Chapter VII: "THE GREAT ONE IDEA OF MY L I F E " ................. 349 Chapter VIII: "ABSTRACTIONS" ............................... 418 Conclusion.................................................... 463 Bibliographic Essay ....................................... 467 V i t a .......................................................... 495 IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT This study is a collective biography of nine prominent secessionists; Nathaniel Beverley Tucker, William Lowndes Yancey, John A. Quitman, Robert Barnwell Rhett, Laurence M. Keitt, Louis T. Wigfall, James D.B. DeBow, Edmund Ruffin, and William Porcher Miles. It explores both the variety of personalities drawn to the secession movement and what motivated them to advocate the creation of a Southern Confederacy. By examining individuals, each chapter dramatizes a particular aspect of southern radicalism. Although the chronological focus is on the secession crisis and the decade preceding the Civil War, the scope of this study includes the entire nineteenth century. Previous studies of Civil War causation have either ignored the fire-eaters or dismissed them variously as demagogues, reactionaries, blunderers, or as members of a displaced class in southern society; many have treated them simply as villains or as heroes of a lost cause. My subjects show, however, that fire- eaters spent decades developing a coherent political philosophy and shared a tradition of concern for southern liberty that had existed as long as the republic. Fire-eaters participated actively in all levels of politics and often received tremendous and sustained popular
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