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Home , Battle of Fort Sumter

PERIOD FIVE STUDY GUIDE: 1844-1877

Main Idea: As the nation expanded and its population grew, regional tensions, especially over slavery, led to a civil war — the course and aftermath of which transformed American society.

I. Review Questions: 1. Who invented the cotton gin? How did it impact life in the South? How did it impact slavery in the South? 2. Explain what “King Cotton” means. 3. Define Sectionalism. 4. List and describe reasons people moved west. 5. Describe the . 6. Define and analyze the importance of Manifest Destiny 7. List and Describe the and explain how it affected the Compromise of 1820. 8. Describe the Kansas/Nebraska Act. Explain how it affected the Missouri Compromise. 9. Explain the effects of the Kansas/Nebraska Act (include ). 10. Describe the Brooks/Sumner Affair and how it affected both the North and South. 11. Define . 12. Analyze the rise of the Republican Party- include Free Soilers, Know Nothings, and Democrats 13. Describe the . 14. List and describe some of the most prominent abolitionists. 15. Summarize the importance of the Second Great Awakening 16. Describe the importance of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and list who wrote it. 17. Describe the Dred Scott case. What were his arguments, what did the court decide, and what were the overall effects? 18. Explain Nat Turner and John Brown’s rebellions. 19. Describe Gabriel Prosser's rebellion. 20. Explain the results of the Election of 1860 and how it represented sectionalism. 21. Describe the South’s response to the Election of 1860. 22. Describe how the North and South paid for the war and got people to fight in the war. 23. Explain why the war was known as the “poor man’s war.” 24. Explain why Lincoln suspended habeas corpus. 25. List and describe some of the laws that were passed during the war. 26. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the South. 27. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the North. 28. Explain the battle of 29. Explain the military strategies of the North. 30. Explain the military strategies of the South. 31. Describe the Battle of Bull Run/Manassas (what was the battle’s significance?) 32. Describe the . 33. Summarize the (what was the battle’s significance?) 34. What was the Emancipation Proclamation? What was its purpose? 35. Summarize the (what was the battle’s significance?) 36. Describe Sherman’s March. 37. Describe the end of the Civil War. 38. Describe what life was like for the following groups of people: Union soldiers, Confederate soldiers, women, African Americans 39. Describe the problems facing the South after the Civil War. 40. Explain how Lincoln viewed the South during the Civil War and how this impacted his attitude towards Reconstruction. 41. List the parts of Lincoln’s Plan. What were the pros and cons of this plan? 42. Explain what the Wade Davis Bill was and what happened to it. 43. List the parts of Johnson’s Plan. What were the pros and cons of this plan? 44. Explain what happened in the South as a result of Johnson’s Plan. Why did this happen? (Include Black Codes and Sharecropping). 45. Describe what sharecropping was. 46. List the parts of the Radical Reconstruction Plan. What were the pros and cons of this plan? What was the official name of this plan? 47. Explain who were. 48. Explain who were. 49. List what the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments did. 50. Explain why the Freedmen’s Bureau was created and what it did. 51. List and describe some of the successes of Reconstruction. 52. Describe the corruption and problems that started during Reconstruction-include the KKK. 53. Explain how the presidential election of 1876 ended Reconstruction. 54. Describe the failures of Reconstruction. 55. Explain what Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, Frederick Douglas, and Lincoln were all doing during Reconstruction.

II. Key Terms:

Causes of the Civil War 43. Harpers Ferry 1. Free Soil Party 44. Election of 1860 Reconstruction 2. Popular sovereignty 45. 1. Presidential Reconstruction 3. Lewis Cass 46. 2. Proclamation of Amnesty and 4. Henry Clay Reconstruction (1863) 5. Zachary Taylor Civil War 3. Wade Davis Bill (1864) 6. Compromise of 1820 47. Fort Sumter 4. Andrew Johnson 7. Mexican Cession 48. Executive Power 5. Freedmen’s Bureau 8. Texas Independence 49. Habeas Corpus 6. Black Codes 9. Tallmadge Amendment 50. Insurrection 7. Congressional Reconstruction 10. 51. Border states 8. 11. Lucretia Mott 52. Confederate States of America 9. 12. Elizabeth Cady Stanton 53. 10. 13. Declaration of Sentiments 54. Alexander H. Stephens 11. Civil Rights Act of 1866 14. 55. Bull Run (Manassas) 12. 14th Amendment 15. 56. Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson 13. Equal Protection of the laws 16. Henry Clay 57. 14. Due process of law 17. Compromise of 1850 58. 15. (1867) 18. Stephen A. Douglas 59. George McClellan 16. Tenure of Office Act (1867) 19. Millard Fillmore 60. Robert E. Lee 17. 20. Fugitive Slave Law 61. Antietam 18. Impeachment 21. Underground Railroad 62. Fredericksburg 19. 15th Amendment 22. 63. Monitor and Merrimac 20. Civil Rights Act of 1875 23. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s 64. Ulysses S. Grant 21. Scalawags Cabin 65. Shiloh 22. Carpetbaggers 24. George Fitzhugh, Sociology of the 66. 23. Blanche K. Bruce South 67. 24. Hiram Revels 25. Franklin Pierce 68. 25. Sharecropping 26. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) 69. Confiscation Acts 26. Spoilsmen 27. Know-Nothing Party 70. Emancipation Proclamation 27. Patronage 28. Republican Party 71. 13th Amendment 28. Jay Gould 29. John C. Fremont 72. Gettysburg 29. Credit Mobilier 30. 73. Vicksburg 30. Boss Tweed and Tweed Ring 31. New England Emigrant Aid 74. Sherman’s March to the Sea 31. Thomas Nast 32. “Bleeding Kansas” 75. Election of 1864 32. Liberal Republicans 33. John Brown 76. Appomattox Court House 33. 34. Pottawatomie Massacre 77. John Wilkes Booth 34. Panic of 1873 35. Sumner-Brooks Incident 78. Copperheads 35. Greenbacks 36. Lecompton Constitution 79. Ex Parte Milligan 36. 37. Dred Scott V. Sandford 80. Draft Riots 37. 38. Roger Taney 81. Green backs 38. Force Act (1870, 1871) 39. 82. Morrill Tariff Act (1861) 39. Amnesty Act of 1872 40. Lincoln-Douglas Debates 83. Homestead Act (1862) 40. Rutherford B. Hayes 41. House Divided Speech 84. Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) 41. Samuel J. Tilden 42. Freeport Doctrine 85. Pacific Railway Act (1862) 42.

Past AP US History Essay Questions

Causes of the War:

1. Analyze the effectiveness of political compromise in reducing sectional tensions in the period 1820-1861.

2. In what ways and to what extent was industrial development from 1800 to 1860 a factor in the relationship between the northern and the southern states?

3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861.

4. From 1775 to 1830, many African Americans gained freedom from slavery, yet during the same period the institution of slavery expanded. Explain why BOTH of those changes took place. Analyze the ways that BOTH free African Americans and enslaved African Americans responded to the challenges confronting them.

5. To what extent did the debates about the Mexican War and its aftermath reflect the sectional interests of New Englanders, westerners and southerners in the period from 1845 to 1855?

6. Analyze how western expansion contributed to growing sectional tensions between the North and the South. Confine your answer to the period from 1800 to 1850.

Civil War: 1. In what ways did African Americans shape the course and consequences of the Civil War? Confine your answer to the years from 1861 to 1870.

Reconstruction:

1. Evaluate the impact of the Civil War on political and economic developments in TWO of the following regions. Focus your answer on the period between 1865 and 1900. The South The North The West

FOR YOUR TEST- ONE OF THE FOLLOWING WILL BE ON IT:

1. Analyze the causes of growing opposition to slavery in the from 1776 to 1852. In your response, consider both underlying forces and specific events that contributed to the growing opposition

2. In the early 19th century, Americans sought to resolve their political disputes through compromise, yet by 1860 this no longer seemed possible. Analyze the reasons for this change. Use the documents and your knowledge of the period 1820-1860 in constructing your response.

3. Analyze the social, political, and economic forces of the 1840s and early 1850s that led to the emergence of the Republican Party.

4. Explain why and how the role of the federal government changed as a result of the Civil War with respect to TWO of the following during the period 1861-1877. Race relations Economic development Westward expansion