1. Who controlled the majority of farmland?

2. Who controlled the majority of the factories?

3. Who has more railroad tracks?

4. Who is better suited for ? Why? Border states

• Slave states that are part of the Union • Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, West • Would have provided the south with more supplies • Things that could have made the Border States join the Confederacy: • If the North had fired first • If Lincoln publicly declared the Civil as a war to “free the blacks” North (Union) South (Confederacy)

Goals of War Had to fight to save the Union– not Wanted independence so that they could about abolishing slavery in the keep their traditional way of life– including beginning. slavery.

Strengths • Large source of volunteers • Strong reason to fight (defending home) • Factories made plenty of supplies/ • Knew countryside better, civilians aided for • Had 70% of RR to transport goods/troops them • Strong navy • Used woods for cover

Weaknesses • challenge- had to conquer • Few factories to produce weapons/supplies huge area • Few railroads to transport supplies • • Govt. couldn’t get things done Invading unfamiliar land • Not enough people to serve as soldiers • Lines of supply longer and open to • Small navy attack North Advantages

• 4 times the free citizens to fight in the war. • Volunteers for war and people to work in factories and on farms to make supplies. • Industries • advantage • Produced 90% of the nations manufactured goods before the war. • 70% of the nations rail lines • Strong navy and large supply of trading ships. South Advantages

• Fought a defensive war • Thought they were fighting a war for independence like the Revolution • Fighting for their way of life. • “Our men must prevail in combat. “ or they will loose their property, country, freedom-in short everything” • Knew the southern countryside better. • Used wooded landscape to hide from Northern Invaders North Disadvantages

• Invading unfamiliar lands • Far from home South Disadvantages

• Economic weaknesses • Few factories to make weapons and other supplies • Few railroads to move troops and supplies • Political problems • Their constitution favored strong state rights and weak national authority. • Small Population • 9 million people lived in confederacy compared to 22 million in the union. • 1/3 of the population were enslaved African Americans. • Result not many people to support the war efforts. • No Navy and only small amount of merchant ships Battle of

• April 11, 1861, Confederates demanded Union forces at Fort Sumter surrender • They refused and Confederates opened fire and took the fort on April 13. • People in Charleston gathered on their rooftops to watch– it was like a fireworks show. Union Plan

• Aggressive campaign against thee south • Use navy to blockade southern ports • Seize Richmond Virginia the Confederacy Capital • Seize control of the Mississippi River • Prevent the South from supplying their troops • Separate , Texas and Louisiana from the rest of the Confederacy. Confederacy Plan

• Hold tight until the North lost the will to fight • Fight a defensive war • Counted on European money and supplies to wage war • Cotton was important to European textile industry • Hoped their need for cotton would gain their support Battle of Bull Run

• Federal troops leave DC and head for Richmond • 100 citizens left DC and followed them to watch the battle • Met the confederacy at a small river Bull Run in Virginia • Union forces break the confederacy lines and claim the war had been won Results of Bull Run

• Showed Union and Confederacy troops Soldiers needed training • War would be long and bloody • Thomas Jackson rallied confederate forces • There is Jackson standing like a stone wall! Rally behind the Virginians • Union troops retreat to Washington DC Antietam

• General Lee took the and led troops into Maryland • Hoped a southern victory on Northern soil would be a great blow. • At a abandoned confederate camp site union forces found Lees Battle plan • McClellan was very slow to act • Attacks Lees forces at Antietam on September 17th • 23,000 union and confederate forces were killed or wounded • Lee orders troops to retreat to Virginia Antietam Results

• No clear winner • North claimed victory (Due to Lees retreat) • Increased Northern Moral • Lincoln was disappointed in McClellan not pursuing confederate forces. • Lincoln appoints General • new commander of Army of Potomac

• Grant surprised the Confederate troops • Confederate troops rallied and pushed the union forces back • This battle showed Grants determination that would enable him to win future • Some Union Forces wanted to retreat and Grant refused • With reinforcements Grant was able to win the battle • This became one of the Bloodiest battles of the war. . Fall of Vicksburg

• Vicksburg sat on a high cliff above the Mississippi River • Controlled by the Confederacy • Needed by the Union to control entire river • Grant tried several times in early 1863 to take the fort • Grant decided to launch a surprise attack against Jackson MS. Then Attacked Vicksburg from the rear. • Laid to Vicksburg • Military encirclement of an enemy position and blockading or bombarding it in order to force it to surrender Result of Vicksburg

• Confederates surrender on July 4, 1863 • Went on to Capture Port Hudson Louisiana • Mississippi River was now in the hands of the Union • Split the confederacy in two • Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas Now separated from rest of the Confederacy Gettysburg

• Lee hoping to capture Washington DC On June 30,1863 met a force of Union Soldiers under General Gorge C. Meade. • Both sides sent in reinforcements • Became one of the most important battles of the civil war and lasted 3 days • July 1 Confederates drive Union out of Gettysburg • Union takes up a strong position on cemetery ridge overlooking the town • Lee orders an attack on both ends of the union army • Lee failed at dislodging the Union army from its strong position Pickett's

• Lee decided to attack again hoping to cause such a panic and destroy the Union Army • Ordered to lead a force 15,000 men on a charge toward Union forces • Had to cross 1,00 yards across open grounds and climb a steep slope in eyeshot of the enemy. • As the confederates ran forward they were mowed down by the Union Forces • Pickets charge failed they were never able to reach the Union Forces • So many died it was hard for a Union Soldier to guide its way threw the field of dead bodies • Lee accepted fault for the failure and would never again invade the North • Lincoln Was disappointed by the fact that they allowed the confederates to retreat • Even though it seemed that the Confederacy had been whipped the war went on for another 2 years. Grants Plan of

• His plan for war he wanted to destroy the souths ability to fight • He order his generals to wage Total War against the south • Wanted union forces to destroy food , equipment, and anything else they found may be useful in war. • In the past war was restricted to battles/soldiers • Total war made no distinctions • Civilians suffered the same as soldiers Sheridan in the Shenandoah

• Grant sent Sheridan and his forces into rich farmland of Virginia • “Leave nothing to invite the enemy to return. Destroy whatever cannot be consumed. Let the valley be left so that the crows flying over it will have to carry their rations along with them – Ulysses S. Grant • Sheridan Obeyed marched threw Virginia destroying farms and livestock • Burned 2,000 barns filled with grain • Leaving nothing for lees troops or the civilians Sherman's March to the sea

• Grant commanded Sherman to capture Atlanta Georgia then march to Atlantic coast. • Ordered to destroy anything useful to the South • Captured Atlanta in September 1864 • Forced people from their homes and burned large part of the city • March to the Sea • Ripped up railroad Tracks, Killed Livestock and tore up fields • Burned Barns, Homes, bridges and factories Civil War ends

• Grant Captures Richmond Virginia in May 1864 • Throughout the spring and summer he and Lee fought many costly battles • Northerners were shocked that 60,0000 men were wounded or dead in a single month of battles in the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and cold harbor. • He knew he could replace men but the south could not • Lee dug in at Petersburg, near Richmond • Grant sieged them in for 9 months. • With fresh troops Grant takes Petersburg and Richmond falls Appomattox Courthouse

• Lee and his troops retreat to here • Trapped by Union forces • He and his men would be slaughtered if they did not surrender • April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders • Grant Gives Generous Terms • Soldiers would give up their rifle but could keep their pistol • Soldiers who had a horse could keep it • Each officer would be permitted to return home and not be disturbed by US authority • Union forces cheered • Grant ordered them to be quiet • The war was over the rebels where their countrymen again.