Storage, Handling and Transportation Guide
high performance LIQUID nitrogen with thiosulfate sulfur 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 4 PURPOSE 4 DISCLAMER 4
THIO-SUL 5 1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THIO-SUL 5 2 CRYSTALLIZATION AND SALT OUT 6 • INTRODUCTION TO AND DEFINITION OF SALT OUT 6 • RISK OF SALT OUT WITH THIO-SUL SOLUTIONS 8 3 SAFETY DATA SHEET 10
UAN (UREA AMMONIUM NITRATE) SOLUTIONS 11 1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF UAN 11
THIO-SUL AND UAN BLENDS 13 1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE THIO-SUL AND UAN BLENDS 13 2 NUTRIENT CONTENT OF THE BLENDS 13 3 GUIDELINES FOR BLENDING THIO-SUL WITH UAN 14
SHIPING AND TRANSPORTATION 15
RECOMMENDATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE 15 1 INTERMEDIATE BULK CONTAINER 15 2 SMALL CONTAINERS 15 3 BULK STORAGE 15 • LOCATION OF STORAGE TANKS 15 • ISOLATION AND INSULATION OF STORAGE TANKS 15 4 TRANSPORTATION 16 5 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION 16 6 CORROSION MITIGATION 17 7 MECHANICAL DESIGN 17 8 EMISSION CONTROL 17
CONCLUSIONS 18 ANNEXES 19
© Tessenderlo Group NV/SA 2021 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Tessendero Group NV/SA in writing, or as expressly permitted by law. This work must not be circulated in any other form and this condition must be imposed on any acquirer. Thio-Sul® is a registered trademark of Tessenderlo Group NV/SA.
3 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ATS Ammonium Thiosulfate Solution PPE Personnel Protective Equipment pH Potential of Hydrogen SCBA Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus DOT Department of Transportation UAN Urea Ammonium Nitrate (A solution of urea and ammonium nitrate in water) IBC Intermediate Bulk Container NTS A solution of ammonium thiosulfate with urea ammonium nitrate
PURPOSE
This handbook provides Tessenderlo Kerley International customers with an overview of the properties and handling of Thio-Sul® - ammonium thiosulfate solutions (ATS), and blends in combination with liquid urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). This handbook includes the principles and methods associated with the safe blending, storage, handling and transportation of these materials. It is important to note that the guidance in this handbook is often somewhat general in nature – users have a wide variety of applications, resources and systems and must consequently determine how to handle Thio-Sul and UAN/Thio-Sul blends safely and properly for their own specific applications.
DISCLAMER
The information, recommendations, practices and preferences contained herein are based on data, experience and expertise accumulated by Tessenderlo Kerley International, which is believed to be accurate and relevant. However, no warranty of merchantability, fitness for use, or any other warranty is expressed or is to be implied concerning the accuracy of any data, or applicability or safety of any of the practices and preferences as contained herein. This information is provided on the condition that the person(s) receiving it shall make his/her/their own judgment as to the value of the information presented, and shall assume the full risk for any such use thereof.
4 THIO-SUL
1. Physical Properties of Thio-Sul
Thio-Sul, Tessenderlo Kerley International’s brand of ammonium thiosulfate solution (ATS), is a non–hazardous, liquid inorganic salt solution manufactured from the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with sulfur (S) or hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Thio-Sul is marketed exclusively in liquid form.
Thio-Sul is typically sold in bulk, and often shipped via tanker trucks, rail cars and bulk sea vessels. Tessenderlo Kerley International also offers this material in 1000 L IBC containers and 16 000 L flexi bags.
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
- Appearance/color Clear, colorless to light yellow - pH range 6.5 - 8.5 - Density range (at 25°C) 1.32 kg/l - 1.35 kg/l - Salt out temperature (SOT) + 4°C - Crystallization temperature Approx 0°C - Recommended minimum storage temperature 8°C
- SO3 (w/w) 64.9% - N (w/v) as ammoniacal nitrogen 16% - S (w/v) 34.6%
- SO3 (w/v) 86.3% - N (g/l)* as ammoniacal nitrogen 160 - S (g/l)* 346
- SO3 (g/l)* 863
- Chemical formula (NH4)2S2O3
* Based on a typical density of 1.33 kg/l at 25 °C
Appearance and odor: Thio-Sul solutions are typically clear, colorless to light yellow. Ammonium thiosulfate may in some cases, have a slight odor. pH: Thio-Sul is neutral to slightly alkaline material. The pH of ammonium thiosulfate solutions may vary. Thio-Sul is prone to decomposition if it comes into contact with acidic materials.
Density: Thio-Sul solutions are heavier than water at all concentrations. Typical 40-45% solutions of ammonium thiosulfate have densities in the range of 1.32 – 1.35 kg/l. The chart in Annex 2 displays the density of ammonium thiosulfate solutions at various temperatures.
Boiling Point/Freezing Point: Solutions of ammonium thiosulfate have variable boiling and freezing points, dependent on product strength (concentration). The chart in Annex 2 displays the freezing points of ammonium thiosulfate solutions at various concentrations. Annex 2 also contains a graph displaying the salt out temperature (SOT) of ammonium thiosulfate solutions. Tessenderlo Kerley International recommends that Thio- Sul be stored at temperatures of +8 °C or above to avoid any potential problems with salt out.
Solubility: Solutions of ammonium thiosulfate are completely miscible in water and in solutions of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN).
Compatibility: Thio-Sul is compatible with N solutions and complete (N-P-K) liquid blends that are neutral to slightly acidic. In addition to its wide adaptability for use in clear liquid blends, it is also well suited for use in suspensions. Thio-Sul cannot be used with acidic (pH <6.0) materials. Thio-Sul is often applied in combination with UAN solutions and aqueous ammonia to supply the sulfur needs of crops, and to stabilize nitrogen. Before mixing Thio-Sul with any substances (for example pesticides, micronutrients, etc), one should conduct a jar test to check the physical compatibility of the compounds. Please note that physical compatibility does not guaranty chemical combinability of compounds, therefore always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.
5 Viscosity: Thio-Sul solutions behave very similarly to water, with typical viscosities of 5-10 cP at 25 °C. Note that viscosity can increase significantly as product approaches its freezing point.
Heat Capacity: 58-60% w/w ammonium thiosulfate solutions have a specific heat capacity of approximately 2.45 kJ/kg/K*. Heat capacity then climbs in a linear manner with water content.
Thermal Conductivity: 58-60% w/w ammonium thiosulfate solutions have a thermal conductivity of approximately 1.84 kJ/m/h/K*
* Source: Uhlmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
2. Crystallization Temperature and Salt Out Temperature (SOT)
• Introduction and Definition of Salt Out Temperature
As solutions of certain liquid fertilizers cool down, a point may be reached where material starts to precipitate or ‘salt out’ from the solution. This temperature point is often referred to as the ‘First Crystal to Appear’ (FCTA) or Crystallization Temperature (see graph). Once crystals have formed in a solution it is normally possible to re-dissolve them by warming up the solution again. During this warming process, the point at which this last crystal re-dissolves is usually referred to as the ‘Last Crystal to Dissolve’ (LCTD) or ‘Thaw Point’. When cooling, the FCTA point observed for a particular liquid fertilizer will depend on a number of variables. These can include the source and exact composition of the product (manufacturer), the speed at which temperature drops, and how long the temperature remains below the recommended storage temperature. Because of this variability in the FCTA point, the Salt Out Temperature (SOT) in most cases for a liquid fertilizer is defined* as the temperature (LCTD) at which the last crystal dissolves (is no longer visible in solution) during rewarming.
Tessenderlo Kerley International uses an industry accepted, documented, and standardized method based on FCTA and LCTD definitions to determine SOT of its liquid fertilizers.
The Minimum Recommended Storage Temperature for our liquid fertilizers is generally several degrees higher than the measured SOT and it is a temperature above which, based on practical experience, there should be virtually no risk of salt out. The Salt Out Temperature of Thio-Sul is several degrees lower than the recommended minimum storage temperature and the FCTA point is often even lower than the SOT.
LCTD TEMPERATURE
FCTA
TIME
* The LCTD definition of SOT may not be applicable to all liquid fertilizers. In cases where the last crystal does not disappear or where solid remains even after warming to ambient temperature then then SOT may be recorded as the FCTA.
6 7 • Risk of Salt Out with Thio-Sul Solutions
As temperatures fall below 8 °C the risk of ‘salt out’ with Thio-Sul solutions increases. At temperatures well below 8 °C, crystallization is almost certain to take place. It should be noted that in regular storage conditions, there will usually be a differential between the external (outside) temperature and the temperature inside the tank, warehouse or container. It generally takes time, especially for larger tanks, for the product inside to cool down when the outside temperature is below 8 °C. If it the external temperature is cold enough for a long time, then the temperature of the product in the tank will eventually drop below 8 °C, in the end causing salt out to occur, leaving a solid sediment of product crystals. In piping systems such as transfer or load-out lines, this can cause plugging of lines.
There is no chemical change in the product or its composition in this case. Crystals can be re-dissolved upon heating (and preferably mixing) of the product. However, heating and mixing is not always convenient during storage or bulk transportation.
The risk of salt-out can be mitigated by: • Insulation and/or heating of containers or storage tanks so as to maintain the product temperature at 8 °C or higher • Increasing the loading temperature of the product to prevent cooling below salt-out temperatures during transportation • Heating the product prior to unloading (to minimize the risk of crystallization)
All of the above are typical ways to keep product temperature above the salt out temperature (SOT). Other regular engineering practices can also be applied. Crystallization should be avoided as it can potentially take a long time for crystals to redissolve in a large, non-stirred or non-heated storage tank or other container.
Another way to mitigate salt-out is the reduction of the SOT by using a (pre-) blend with UAN for storage or transportation. For more information regarding the blending with UAN and the SOT temperatures of different blends, please go to blends section of this document.
An alternative way to lower the SOT of a concentrated salt solution like Thio-Sul is to add some water in order to take the solution further away from its saturation point. This works up to the point where the solution becomes very diluted and will move towards the freezing point of water (0 °C). However, it should be noted that corrosion rates in regular carbon steel will increase for diluted Thio-Sul solutions. Therefore, this solution is typically not recommended.
WATER AND THIO-SUL BLEND RATIOS AND THE SOT TEMPERATURES (Typical SOT’s determined at Tessenderlo Kerley International’s Laboratory)
THIO-SUL – WATER SOT (°C) 0 – 100 0 10 – 90 -1 20 – 80 -3 30 – 70 -6 40 – 60 -8 50 – 50 -11 60 – 40 -16 70 – 30 -20 80 – 20 -17 90 – 10 -7 95 – 5 1 98 – 2 3 99 – 1 5 100 – 0 7
Blending Thio-Sul with water should be done in the following manner: • First, pour in half of the total amount of water required, • Add in all of the Thio-Sul and start stirring in a circular pattern, • Add the rest of the water to the mix and stir until blended.
8 Salting out in storage tanks can result in expensive cleaning costs – the risk of this increases when using other inferior quality ATS products 9 Other measures can also be taken in order to decrease the risk of salting out:
Paint the external portion of the tank a dark color, such as black, dark blue, or dark green. Dark colors absorb more light converting it to heat. This will increase the internal temperature of the product in the tank, however the risk of overheating in summer should also be taken into account.
Large volumes of product cool down slower than smaller volumes, therefore reducing the risk of the salting out.
After crystallization of Thio-Sul has occurred, raising the product temperature will speed up the dissolution of crystals. At higher temperatures, this process should be relatively rapid but at lower temperatures it will take longer (possibly days).
The rate at which the solution returns to the normal liquid form will also depend of the amount of crystallization that has occurred inside the liquid. Agitation (stirring) of the solution will also help speed up the process, as will heating. The dissolution process is also faster if the Thio-Sul is blended with UAN at the same time, due to the dilution effect. In the worst case, where crystals do not redissolve, they can eventually be physically removed (and redissolved/recycled), although this process can be time consuming and laborious.
Although, generally speaking, there is no chemical change in the product or its composition after a salt out incident, multiple cycles of precipitation and dissolving are best avoided. In cases where this happens, there is a higher risk of partial decomposition of Thio-Sul.
3. Safety Data Sheet
More information on the physical properties, hazards, PPE requirements, first aid procedures, spill containment/mitigation operations and other information of concern regarding Thio-Sul can be found in the product safety data sheets (SDS), which can be found in Annex 1. The reader is strongly encouraged to review the information presented in the SDS. Some of this information is contained in the body of this handbook, and some is supplemented with additional detail and discussion. Customers should maintain a current copy of the product SDS on hand and in accessible locations, as required, so that any employee has access to the basic and key information on Thio-Sul at any required time.
10 UAN (UREA AMMONIUM NITRATE) SOLUTIONS
UAN is not sold by Tessenderlo Kerley International, but is often blended with Tessenderlo Kerley International‘s Thio-Sul, which helps stabilize the nitrogen in the resulting blend, whilst at the same time providing a source of valuable sulfur.
UAN solutions are typically sold in bulk, and often shipped via tanker trucks, rail cars and bulk sea vessels. UAN is also offered by some suppliers in 1000 l IBC containers (packaging with different volumes). In some cases, a corrosion inhibitor may be added to the final solution to protect the steel in storage tanks.
1. Physical Properties of UAN
TYPICAL PROPERTIES UAN 28 UAN 30 UAN 32 Total N (w/w) 28% 30% 32% Total N (g/l)* 358 390 422 Nitrogen content (w/w) as a percentage of the total N present in the product Urea (w/w) 28 – 32% 30 – 34% 33 – 37% N (w/w) as ureic nitrogen 13 – 15% 14 – 16% 15 – 17% Ammonium nitrate (w/w) 37 – 43% 40 – 46% 42– 48% N (w/w) as ammoniacal nitrogen 6.5 – 7.5% 7 – 8% 7.5 – 8.5% N (w/w) as nitrate nitrogen 6.5 – 7.5% 7 – 8% 7.5 – 8.5% N (w/w) as free ammonia 0.03 – 0.05% 0.03 – 0.05% 0.03 – 0.05% Urea (g/l) 358 – 410 390 – 442 436 – 481 N (g/l)* as ureic nitrogen 166 – 192 182 – 208 198 – 224 Ammonium nitrate (g/l)* 474 – 550 520 – 598 554 – 634 N (g/l) as ammoniacal nitrogen 83 – 96 91 – 104 99 – 112 N (g/l) as nitrate nitrogen 83 – 96 91 – 104 99 – 112 N (g/l) as free ammonia 0.4 – 0.6 0.4 – 0.6 0.4 – 0.6
UAN 28 UAN 30 UAN 32
Appearance / Color Clear, with a slight tint pH range 1.5 – 7.5 Density range at 16-20 °C (kg/l) 1.27 – 1.29 1.29 – 1.31 1.31 – 1.33 Chemical Formula CH4N2O/NH4NO3 (urea/ammonium nitrate) Product temperature minimum 5oC Recommended minimum storage temperature above listed salt-out temperature Salt out temperature (SOT)† -17 °C -10 °C -2 °C -26 °C -26 °C -26 °C Freezing temperature After defrosting the properties of UAN solutions are completely restored
* Based on a typical density of 1.28 kg/l (UAN 28); 1.30 kg/l (UAN 30) and 1.32 kg/l (UAN 32) all at 16 °C † The difference between the UAN grades is the slight increase of water content going from UAN 32 to UAN 28, which as a result reduces the SOT.
Appearance: UAN solutions are typically clear with a slight tint. pH: UAN is a neutral material, with pH generally in the range of 6.5 to 7.5. The pH of UAN solutions may vary with manufacturer.
Density: UAN solutions are heavier than water at all concentrations. The chart in annex 3 provides further information on the variation of density with solution strength (concentration) and temperature. Typical 28-32% solutions of UAN have densities of about 1.27 – 1.33 kg/l.
11 Boiling Point/Freezing Point: Solutions of UAN have variable boiling and freezing points, dependent on product strength. The chart in Annex 4 displays the freezing points of UAN solutions at various concentrations. Annex 4 also contains a graph displaying the crystallization (salt out) points of UAN solutions. Tessenderlo Kerley International recommends that UAN be stored at a temperature of at least 4 °C above the typical salt-out temperature of the solution to avoid potential problems with salt out.
Solubility: Solutions of UAN are completely miscible in water and in solutions of Thio-Sul.
Compatibility: UAN is fully compatible with Thio-Sul. Before mixing UAN with any other products, please contact manufacturer for specific recommendations.
Viscosity: UAN solutions behave very similarly to water, with viscosities of around 5 cP at 20 °C. Note that viscosity can increase significantly as product approaches its freezing point.
Heat Capacity: Nominal 28-32% UAN solutions have a heat capacity of approximately 3.77 kJ/kg-K. Heat capacity then climbs in a linear manner with water content.
Thermal Conductivity: Nominal 28-32% UAN solutions have a thermal conductivity of approximately 0.58 watt/m-K.
12 THIO-SUL AND UAN BLENDS
Urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution is an effective and balanced source of nitrogen. It can easily be blended with Thio-Sul and the resulting mixtures are simple to use.
1. Physical Properties of the Thio-Sul and UAN blends
Thio-Sul and UAN blends offer a balanced source of sulfur and stabilized nitrogen. Various combinations are possible although the most popular blends contain from 10 to 30% of Thio-Sul. Some typical properties of three such blends are given in the table below:
Typical pH, density, turbidity and SOT of selected Thio-Sul/UAN32 blends (Source: Tessenderlo Kerley International laboratory data)
VISCOSITY ROOM TEMPERATURE (20 °C) SOT BLEND VISUAL DENSITY (°C) TORSION mPa.s TURBIDITY PH APPEARANCE (KG/L)
15 wt% Thio-Sul / -2 15.9 9.5 Clear 1.8 7.6 1.3254 85 wt% UAN32
20 wt% Thio-Sul / 9.5 Clear 80 wt% UAN32
25 wt% Thio-Sul / -4 15.8 9.5 Clear 1.4 7.7 1.3266 75 wt% UAN32
30 wt% Thio-Sul / -2 15.7 9.4 Clear 1.9 7.7 1.3268 70 wt% UAN32
Under laboratory conditions, samples of these three Thio-Sul/UAN blends were stored at room temperature during 1 year in order to evaluate their stability. The three prepared blends were visually still clear after 1 year. Density and pH do not change either, only a minor increase in turbidity was measured.
2. Nutrient Content of the Blends
One of the advantages of these NTS blends is that they can be produced with different proportions of nutrients.
Mixtures of Thio-Sul with UAN 28
Thio-Sul UAN 28 Total N Total S N (% w/w) N (% w/w) N (% w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) (nitrate) (ammoniacal) Urea
10 90 26.4 2.6 6.3 7.5 12.6
15 85 25.6 3.9 5.95 7.75 11.9
20 80 24.8 5.2 5.6 8.0. 11.2
25 75 24.0 6.5 5.25 8.25 10.5
30 70 23.2 7.8 4.9 8.5 9.8
13 Mixtures of Thio-Sul with UAN 30
Thio-Sul UAN 30 Total N Total S N (% w/w) N (% w/w) N (% w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) (nitrate) (ammoniacal) Urea
10 90 28.2 2.6 6.75 7.95 13.5
15 85 27.3 3.9 6.375 8.175 12.75
20 80 26.4 5.2 6.0 8.4 12
25 75 25.5 6.5 5.625 8.625 11.25
30 70 24.6 7.8 5.25 8.85 10.5
Mixtures of Thio-Sul with UAN 32
Thio-Sul UAN 32 Total N Total S N (% w/w) N (% w/w) N (% w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) (nitrate) (ammoniacal) Urea
10 90 30 2.6 7.2 8.4 14.4
15 85 29 3.9 6.8 8.6 13.6
20 80 28 5.2 6.4 8.8 12.8
25 75 27 6.5 6 9 12
30 70 26 7.8 5.6 9.2 11.2
Further information on the salt out temperatures of blends of UAN with Thio-Sul can be found in Annex 5, along with data on the variation of pH and density with the compositon of the blend. The properties and behavior of the blend of UAN with Thio-Sul will depend on the quality of the UAN used. Tessenderlo Kerley International cannot be held responsible for the quality of the UAN supplied and used in such blends and how its properties and composition may affect the blend.
3. Guidelines for Blending Thio-Sul with UAN
Blending Thio-Sul with UAN should be done in this way: • First pour in half of the total amount of UAN/water required, • Add in all of the Thio-Sul, • Add in all of the UAN or water and start stirring in a circular pattern, • Add the rest of the water/UAN to the mix and stir until blended.
4. Precautions for Blending Thio-Sul with UAN
• Thio-Sul is compatible with UAN and most other fertilizer solutions. • In absence of specific recommendations and data, do a jar test before mixing large quantities. • Thio-Sul can be blended with UAN or urea solution in any ratio to supply nitrogen and sulfur. • The addition of water to the mixture may be helpful to maintain blend stability. • When also blending with micronutrients trial blends should be made before mixing large amounts. • Blends containing Thio-Sul should not be acidified below a pH of 6.0. • When working with a new formulation or application method always do a small test plot before treating the whole field.
14 SHIPPING AND TRANSPORTATION
Tessenderlo Kerley International supplies Thio-Sul principally in bulk, via railcar, tank-truck, or in isotainers, as do most suppliers of UAN solutions. Thio-Sul is not classified as a dangerous substance according to the criteria of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and hence from a transport labelling perspective is not classified as dangerous according to the same regulation.
RECOMMENDATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE
1. Intermediate Bulk Container
For Thio-Sul or Thio-Sul/UAN solutions supplied in 1000 l IBC’s or drums or totes, care should be taken with storage. Products must be stored in cool, dry conditions in a well-ventilated area out of direct sunlight, ensuring that the temperature does not fall below 8 °C or rise above 49 °C. Above 50 °C the risk of corrosion as well as product decomposition increases. Storage conditions must also meet the local regulatory requirements. Keep the product away from flames/heat. Do not store near acids or other acidic materials. Observe normal hygiene standards. Keep container tightly closed. Ammonium thiosulfate may release ammonia gas over time, which is an irritant. The site should be clearly labelled as required by the locally applicable regulations. Scheduled routine preventative maintenance should be in place for plant, equipment and vehicles.
Please carefully review the SDS in the Annex 1 to obtain more detailed information regarding the storage conditions and safety measurements.
2. Small Containers
Small containers (drums, jugs) should be stored in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas out of direct sunlight. Small containers, 200 l drums or less, can develop high vapor pressures if left exposed to direct sunlight for very long time. Such exposure can compromise the integrity of the drums resulting in a safety risk: personnel opening such drums could be exposed to a hazardous or toxic atmosphere upon opening the drum. Do not store near acids or other acidic materials.
3. Bulk Storage
Thio-Sul and Thio-Sul/UAN bulk solution storage systems should be designed to assure not only safe off-load and product use, but also reliability and ease of maintenance. The design criteria listed below should be considered in any storage system project. Do not store near acids or other acidic materials.
• Location of Storage Tanks
Storage tanks should be located in easy-to access, open air locations, with good natural ventilation. Review as well the likely traffic pattern and intended mode of delivery relative to tank location – minimize congestion/traffic in the area, and provide for appropriate road access and accommodate the turning radius required for any truck traffic. Consider the need for emergency vehicle access to the storage area, including fire-fighting equipment, in any design.
Diked areas should be designed in accordance with the appropriate local regulations – this often means oversizing the dike to hold a required percentage more in volume than the largest tank in the diked area, and in providing more than one point of ingress/egress.
• Note also that dike height may result in the diked area being classified as a confined space. Additionally make sure you consider any sumps/drainage/collection points – isolate Thio-Sul and Thio-Sul/UAN solutions from any incompatibles here as well, and prevent the ability of these materials to run off into sewers or waterways. Isolation and Insulation of Storage Tanks
Isolate Thio-Sul and Thio-Sul/UAN storage tanks from heat and combustible materials, and any material/chemical on site that can potentially react with them – avoid especially storage with any acids, as inadvertent mixing could result in decomposition of the Thio- Sul. Tanks should typically be located inside of a diked area to control any inadvertent releases of product.
It is advised to store the product at a temperature above its salt-out temperature. In colder climates, it is therefore recommended that storage tanks are insulated and if needed equipped with a heating system, either inside the tank or on a recirculating piping system, especially if Thio-Sul will be stored in cold conditions for an extended period of time. The shape of the tank will also have an impact on
15 the risk of salt out due to the temperature differential between the solution at the top and the bottom of the tank and in the center of the tank compared to the inner surface of the tank. For a tall narrow shaped tank there could be a temperature difference of several degrees between the material the top of the tank and that at the bottom. This could partially help to slow down the rate of salt out.
Whereas it typically takes longer for product in larger storage tanks to cool down, smaller tanks or piping systems with stagnant product (e.g. load-out lines) can cool down quickly. Whereas it typically takes longer for product in larger storage tanks to cool down, smaller tanks or piping systems with stagnant product (e.g. load-out lines) can cool down quickly. In cold weather conditions where the risk of crystallization increases, these smaller systems should be emptied, or insulated and/or heated (e.g. heat tracing) to prevent product from crystallizing.
4. Transportation
During the transportation of Thio-Sul, guidelines similar to the above have to be taken into account: product should be kept above its salt- out temperature, either through insulation or heating, or by pre-blending product with UAN so as to reduce the salt-out temperature. Thio-Sul rail cars or tanker trucks going to colder areas should ideally be insulated and have heating coils. They can be reheated prior to unloading to bring crystals back into solution in case the product would have cooled off during transportation.
The same shipping conditions and rules which apply to Thio-Sul can be applied for Thio-Sul/UAN mixtures whilst noting that the salt out temperatures will be different. For more details please see Section 1.2 (Crystallization and Salt Out).
Guidelines for materials of construction can be found in section 5.4.
Since Thio-Sul is not classified as dangerous according to the criteria of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, the product is not subject to ADR, RID, AND or IMDG dangerous goods regulations for transport. Thio-Sul solutions have no UN number. For bulk sea transport where other specific regulations may apply please consult with an expert.
5. Materials of Construction
Material compatibility for full strength Thio-Sul is shown in Table 8. Tessenderlo Kerley International has been using carbon/mild steel for product storage at ambient conditions successfully for many years. It is generally acceptable over the lifetime of the equipment: 20-30 years lifetime of carbon steel equipment is common.
For optimal corrosion resistance the brackets one can apply a lining or coating to carbon steel storage or transportation equipment. Alternatively, other materials of construction like stainless steel (grade 304 minimum) can be used (see Table).
Tessenderlo Kerley International recommends the use of stainless steels (grade 304 minimum) for storage tanks and transfer lines/ equipment that will come in contact with Thio-Sul and Thio-Sul/UAN solutions. That said, other materials may be used and provide good service:
• Storage tanks: Carbon/mild steel vessels can be used, but as mentioned there is a higher risk of corrosion to such materials. Corrosion increases remarkably at elevated storage temperature and hence use of such steels in higher temperature service is not recommended. If vapor space corrosion is potentially a concern then Tessenderlo Kerley International recommends, as a minimum, installation of an appropriate epoxy type lining in the vapor space and roof of any carbon/mild steel tank. Aluminum tanks can also be used for storage tanks or tanker cars for transportation.
• Transfer Lines/Wetted Equipment: As for storage tanks, carbon/mild steel can be used for transfer lines/equipment. Again, the referenced temperature limitations should be noted. Stainless steel (304 or higher) will show even better corrosion resistance.
• Non-Metallics: Many non-metallics (i.e. HDPE, or FRP with an appropriate resin) provide good service in both storage and transfer line/equipment applications. Tessenderlo Kerley International recommends paying specific attention to possible fracture of the vessel or line due to inadvertent impact, with resulting loss of containment, or inadvertently subjecting these materials while in service to excess temperature, weakening the material with possible failure.
• Gaskets/Seals: Tessenderlo Kerley International generally recommends the use of the PTFE/Teflon/EPDM family of elastomers for gasket materials and seals, which provide good chemical resistance over a wide temperature range. Spiral-wound 316 stainless steel metal gaskets also provide good service. Gasket and seal selection should always reflect the needed service temperature, as well as the resiliency requirement of the seal.
Both Thio-Sul and Thio-Sul/UAN must be stored in tanks which do not contain copper, brass, zinc, or alloys made of these metals. The same is true for the piping and valves that are used in the system. Each tank that is not specifically designed for liquid fertilizer storage should be examined before using it for storing Thio-Sul and Thio-Sul/UAN solutions. The compatibility of Thio-Sul with common materials
STAINLESS STAINLESS CARBON NON-METAL ALUMINUM FRP AND GRP EPOXY LINED STEEL 304 STEEL 316 STEEL ** PP/HDPE XPLE
G/E E G G E E *
E – Excellent: essentially little to no corrosion evident G – Good: some corrosion evident, manageable (**) C – Conditional service: consult Process Engineering N – Insufficient Data available for a confident recommendation, or Non- Compatible: Do Not Use PP/HDPE/XLPE – polypropylene, high density polyethylene/cross linked PE FRP – Fiberglass reinforced plastic GRP – Glass reinforced plastic
* Epoxy Phenolic liners generally provide excellent protection; however, not all liners are suitable for all products; consult Process Engineering for specific applications ** Specifically for full strength Thio-Sul and carbon steel, very limited corrosion has been observed. Carbon steel is successfully used throughout the US and Europe for ATS storage and transportation (by rail, truck or vessels). If anything, the tank vapor space would be most sensitive to corrosion, mostly due to water vapor pressure at higher temperatures. Under normal conditions, carbon steel storage tank lives of 20-30 years are typical. It should be noted that lower strength ATS solutions (diluted with water) will strongly reduce the corrosion resistance of carbon steel. Nonmetallic and fiberglass tanks should have UV protective coatings applied to limit tank damage from sunlight.
6. Corrosion Mitigation
Thio-Sul and Thio-Sul/UAN solutions can be corrosive to some materials when stored. Poor corrosion preventive measures may cause serious damage. Mixing UAN, which has been produced by different manufacturers, may decrease the ability of anticorrosion inhibitors to prevent the risk of corrosion, as different inhibitors may not be as effective together as they would be by themselves at the full strength.
Below are some steps, which may have help to prevent corrosion of the storage tanks: • Drain and clean the storage tanks no less than once every two years • Check the quality of the UAN which is used for mixing with Thio-Sul • Use adequate materials of construction, or use special coating or corrosion-resistant lining materials • Always follow the manufacturer’s storage recommendations
7. Mechanical Design
Ensuring safety, operability and ease of maintenance is key aspect of good design. You should consider the following in the design of any storage tank/transfer system:
• Volume: Is the tank/system large enough to provide for comfortable inventory relative to operational usage rate and the delivery cycle? Do you have enough inventory to continue operations if weather/road/rail conditions affect the delivery schedule?
• Number of Tanks: You may wish to consider having two or more smaller storage tanks, in place of a single, large vessel – a second tank affords you the opportunity to remove one vessel from service for maintenance and/or inspection while maintaining operations with the other.
• Tank Access: Consider the installation of multiple manways on any storage tanks to facilitate entry/inspection and good ventilation when removed from service. Hinged manways allow fast access.
8. Emission Control
Thio-Sul storage tanks are typically directly vented to atmosphere without any emission control. Even though it is typically not the case, please check local regulations as to verify if the tank vent is considered an emission point.
17 CONCLUSIONS
Tessenderlo Kerley International has considerable expertise in the design, construction, commissioning and operation of Thio-Sul production units, terminal storage systems and transfer operations. In addition, over the years both in the USA and Europe, we have also built up valuable expertise in the blending, storage and transport of UAN and Thio-Sul mixtures, by working closely and in collaboration with our customers, who produce such blends. These solutions are becoming an increasingly popular source of liquid stabilized nitrogen with the added benefit of slow release sulfur in the thiosulfate form. We look forward to consulting with you about any specific needs you may have. Please contact your Tessenderlo Kerley International representative to arrange for any such support.
18 ANNEXES The Information provided in annexes 2 to 5 is based on limited lab tests and is provided for indicative purposes only.
Annex 1: Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for Thio-Sul
SAFETY DATA SHEET Based upon RegulationSAFETY (EC) No 1907/2006, DATA as amended SHEET by Regulation (EU) No 2015/830 A safety Baseddata sheetupon Regulationis not required (EC) No for 1907/2006, this product as amended under Article by Regulation 31 of REACH. (EU) No This 2015/830 SDS has been A safety data sheet is not requiredcreated for this on product a voluntary under basis.Article 31 of REACH. This SDS has been created on a voluntary basis. THIO-SUL ® THIO-SULTHIO-SUL® ® SECTIONSECTION 1: 1: IdentificationIDENTIFICATION of OF the THE substance/mixture SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE and AND of the OF THEcompany/undertaking COMPANY/UNDERTAKING SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking 1.1. Product identifier 1.1.Product Product name identifier : THIO-SUL ® SynonymsProduct name :: ammoniumTHIO-SUL ® thiosulfate, solution; ammonium thiosulphate, solution; ATS, solution Synonyms : ammonium thiosulfate, solution; ammonium thiosulphate, solution; ATS, solution Registration number REACH : 01-2119537325-41-0003 ProductRegistration type REACHnumber REACH :: Substance/mono-constituent01-2119537325-41-0003 Product type REACH : Substance/mono-constituent 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against 1.2.1 Relevant identified uses 1.2.1Fertiliser Relevant identified uses PhotographicFertiliser chemical Photographic chemical 1.2.2 Uses advised against 1.2.2No Uses uses advisedadvised againstagainst known No uses advised against known 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Supplier of the safety data sheet SupplierTessenderlo of the Group safety NV data sheet TroonstraatTessenderlo 130 Group NV BTroonstraat-1050 Brussel 130 ☎B -+105032 13 Brussel 61 12 11 ☎ + +3232 13 13 61 61 19 12 99 11 [email protected] +32 13 61 19 99 [email protected] 1.4. Emergency telephone number 1.4. Emergency telephone number 24h/24h (Telephone advice: English, French, German, Dutch) : 24h/24h (Telephone advice: English, French, German, Dutch) : +32 14 58 45 45 (BIG) +32 14 58 45 45 (BIG)
SECTIONSECTIONSECTION 2: 2: Hazards HAZARDSHazards identification identificationIDENTIFICATION 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture Not classified as dangerous according to the criteria of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Not classified as dangerous according to the criteria of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 2.2.2.2. Label Label elements elements Not classified as dangerous according to the criteria of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Not classified as dangerous according to the criteria of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 2.3.2.3. Other Other hazards hazards No other hazards known No other hazards known SECTIONSECTIONSECTION 3: 3: Composition/information COMPOSITION/INFORMATIONComposition/information on ON ingredients INGREDIENTS 3.1.3.1. Substances Substances NameName CASCAS NoNo Conc. (C) Classification accordingaccording toto CLP CLP NoteNote RemarkRemark REACHREACH Registration Registration No No ECEC NoNo ammoniumammonium thiosulfate thiosulfate 7783-18-87783-18-8 55%≤C≤65% Mono-constituentMono-constituent 01-2119537325-4101-2119537325-41 231-982-0231-982-0 3.2.3.2. Mixtures Mixtures NotNot applicable applicable
SECTIONSECTIONSECTION 4: 4: First FIRSTFirst aid aidAID measures measuresMEASURES 4.1.4.1. Description Description of of first first aid aid measures measures General:General: IfIf you you feel feel unwell, unwell, seek seek medical medical advice. advice. AfterAfter inhalation: inhalation: RemoveRemove the the victim victim into into fresh fresh air. air. Respiratory Respiratory problems:problems: consult a doctor/medical service. AfterAfter skin skin contact: contact:
CreatedCreated by: by: Brandweerinformatiecentrum Brandweerinformatiecentrum voor voor gevaarlijkegevaarlijke stoffenstoffen vzw (BIG) PublicationPublication date:date: 2009-11-19 2009-11-19 TechnischeTechnische Schoolstraat Schoolstraat 43 43 A, A, B-2440 B-2440 Geel Geel DateDate ofof revision:revision: 2019-07-22 2019-07-22 http://www.big.behttp://www.big.be ©© BIG BIG vzw vzw ReasonReason for for revision: revision: 1.3-7.2.3-9 1.3-7.2.3-9 134-16828-658-en 134-16828-658-en RevisionRevision number: number: 0104 0104 ProductProduct number:number: 48788 48788 11 / /8 8 19 THIO-SULTHIO-SULTHIO-SUL® ®®
RinseRinse with with water. water. Soap Soap may may be be used. used. Take Take victim victim to to a a doctor doctor if if irritation irritation persists. persists. AfterAfter eye eye contact: contact: RinseRinse immediately immediately with with plenty plenty of of water. water. Remove Remove contact contact lenses, lenses, if if present present and and easy easy to to do. do. Continue Continue rinsing. rinsing. Do Do not not apply apply neutralizing neutralizing agents. agents. Take Take victim victim to to anan ophthalmologist ophthalmologist if if irritation irritation persists. persists. AfterAfter ingestion: ingestion: RinseRinse mouth mouth with with water. water. Consult Consult a a doctor/medical doctor/medical service service if if you you feel feel unwell. unwell. 4.2.4.2. Most Most important important symptoms symptoms and and effects, effects, both both acute acute and and delayed delayed 4.2.14.2.1 Acute Acute symptoms symptoms AfterAfter inhalation: inhalation: NoNo effects effects known. known. AfterAfter skin skin contact: contact: ONON CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE/CONTACT: EXPOSURE/CONTACT: Tingling/irritation Tingling/irritation of of the the skin. skin. AfterAfter eye eye contact: contact: NoNo effects effects known. known. AfterAfter ingestion: ingestion: Nausea.Nausea. Vomiting. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Diarrhoea. 4.2.24.2.2 Delayed Delayed symptoms symptoms NoNo effects effects known. known. 4.3.4.3. Indication Indication of of any any immediate immediate medical medical attention attention and and special special treatment treatment needed needed IfIf applicable applicable and and available available it it will will be be listed listed below. below. SECTIONSECTIONSECTION 5: 5: FirefightingFIREFIGHTINGFirefighting measuresmeasures MEASURES 5.1.5.1. Extinguishing Extinguishing media media 5.1.15.1.1 Suitable Suitable extinguishing extinguishing media: media: AdaptAdapt extinguishing extinguishing media media to to the the environment environment for for surrounding surrounding fires. fires. 5.1.25.1.2 Unsuitable Unsuitable extinguishing extinguishing media: media: NotNot applicable. applicable. 5.2.5.2. Special Special hazards hazards arising arising from from the the substance substance or or mixture mixture OnOn burning: burning: release release of of toxic toxic and and corrosive corrosive gases/vapours gases/vapours (nitrous (nitrous vapours, vapours, sulphur sulphur oxides). oxides). On On heating: heating: release release of of toxic toxic and and corrosive corrosive gases/vapours gases/vapours (ammonia,(ammonia, sulphur sulphur oxides). oxides). 5.3.5.3. Advice Advice for for firefighters firefighters 5.3.15.3.1 Instructions: Instructions: DiluteDilute toxic toxic gases gases with with water water spray. spray. 5.3.25.3.2 Special Special protective protective equipment equipment for for fire-fighters: fire-fighters: Gloves.Gloves. Safety Safety glasses. glasses. Protective Protective clothing. clothing. Reactivity Reactivity hazard: hazard: compressed compressed air/oxygen air/oxygen apparatus. apparatus. Reactivity Reactivity hazard: hazard: gas- gas-tighttight suit. suit. Heat/fire Heat/fire exposure: exposure: compressedcompressed air/oxygen air/oxygen apparatus. apparatus.
SECTIONSECTIONSECTION 6: 6: AccidentalACCIDENTALAccidental releaserelease RELEASE measuresmeasures MEASURES 6.1.6.1. Personal Personal precautions, precautions, protective protective equipment equipment and and emergency emergency procedures procedures NoNo naked naked flames. flames. 6.1.16.1.1 Protective Protective equipment equipment for for non-emergency non-emergency personnel personnel SeeSee heading heading 8.2 8.2 6.1.26.1.2 Protective Protective equipment equipment for for emergency emergency responders responders Gloves.Gloves. Safety Safety glasses. glasses. Protective Protective clothing. clothing. Reactivity Reactivity hazard: hazard: compressed compressed air/oxygen air/oxygen apparatus. apparatus. Reactivity Reactivity hazard: hazard: gas- gas-tighttight suit. suit. SuitableSuitable protective protective clothing clothing SeeSee heading heading 8.2 8.2 6.2.6.2. Environmental Environmental precautions precautions ContainContain released released product, product, pump pump into into suitable suitable containers. containers. Plug Plug the the leak, leak, cut cut off off the the supply. supply. Take Take account account of of toxic/corros toxic/corrosiveive precipitation precipitation water. water. 6.3.6.3. Methods Methods and and material material for for containment containment and and cleaning cleaning up up TakeTake up up liquid liquid spill spill into into absorbent absorbent material, material, e.g.: e.g.: sand/earth. sand/earth. Scoop Scoop absorbed absorbed substance substance into into closing closing containers. containers. Clean Clean contaminated contaminated surfaces surfaces with with an an excess excess ofof water. water. Wash Wash clothing clothing and and equipment equipment after after handling. handling. 6.4.6.4. Reference Reference to to other other sections sections SeeSee heading heading 13. 13. SECTIONSECTIONSECTION 7: 7: HandlingHANDLINGHandling andand AND storagestorage STORAGE TheThe information information in in this this section section is is a a general general description. description. If If applicable applicable and and available, available, exposure exposure scenarios scenarios are are attached attached i nin annex. annex. Always Always use use the the relevant relevant exposure exposure scenariosscenarios that that correspond correspond to to your your identified identified use. use. 7.1.7.1. Precautions Precautions for for safe safe handling handling KeepKeep away away from from naked naked flames/heat. flames/heat. Observe Observe normal normal hygiene hygiene standards. standards. Keep Keep container container tightly tightly closed. closed. 7.2.7.2. Conditions Conditions for for safe safe storage, storage, including including any any incompatibilities incompatibilities 7.2.17.2.1 Safe Safe storage storage requirements: requirements: StorageStorage temperature: temperature: 8 8 °C °C - -49 49 °C. °C. Keep Keep container container in in a a well-ventilated well-ventilated place. place. Keep Keep out out of of direct direct sunlight. sunlight. Meet Meet the the lega legal lrequirements. requirements.
ReasonReason for for revision: revision: 1.3-7.2.3-9 1.3-7.2.3-9 PublicationPublication date: date: 2009-11-19 2009-11-19 DateDate of of revision: revision: 2019-07-22 2019-07-22
RevisionRevision number: number: 0104 0104 ProductProduct number: number: 48788 48788 22 / / 8 8
20 THIO-SULTHIO-SULTHIO-SULTHIO-SULTHIO-SUL® ® ® ®®
7.2.27.2.27.2.27.2.2 Keep Keep Keep Keep away away away away from: from: from: from: HeatHeatHeatHeat sources, sources, sources, sources, oxidizing oxidizing oxidizing oxidizing agents, agents, agents, agents, (strong) (strong) (strong) (strong) bases, bases, bases, bases, (strong) (strong) (strong) (strong) acids, acids, acids, acids, metals. metals. metals. metals. 7.2.37.2.37.2.37.2.3 Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable packaging packaging packaging packaging material: material: material: material: CarbonCarbonCarbonCarbon steel, steel, steel, steel, stainless stainless stainless stainless steel, steel, steel, steel, HDPE. HDPE. HDPE. HDPE. 7.2.47.2.47.2.47.2.4 Non Non Non Non suitable suitable suitable suitable packaging packaging packaging packaging material: material: material: material: Copper,Copper,Copper,Copper, zinc, zinc, zinc, zinc, bronze. bronze. bronze. bronze. 7.3.7.3.7.3.7.3. Specific Specific Specific Specific end end end end use(s) use(s) use(s) use(s) IfIf applicableIf applicableIf applicable applicable and and and and available, available, available, available, exposure exposure exposure exposure scenarios scenarios scenarios scenarios are are are are attached attached attached attached in in in annex. inannex. annex. annex. See See See See information information information information supplied supplied supplied supplied by by by bythe the the the manufacturer. manufacturer. manufacturer. manufacturer.
SECTIONSECTIONSECTIONSECTIONSECTION 8:8: 8: 8: ExposureExposure ExposureEXPOSUREExposure controls/personalcontrols/personal controls/personal controls/personalCONTROLS/PERSONAL protectionprotection protectionprotection PROTECTION 8.1.8.1.8.1.8.1. Control Control Control Control parameters parameters parameters parameters 8.1.18.1.18.1.18.1.1 Occupational Occupational Occupational Occupational exposure exposure exposure exposure a)a)a) Occupational a)Occupational Occupational Occupational exposure exposure exposure exposure limit limit limit limit values values values values IfIf limitIf limitIf limit limit values values values values are are are are applicable applicable applicable applicable and and and and available available available available these these these these will will will will be be be belisted listed listed listed below. below. below. below. b)b)b) Nationalb) National National National biological biological biological biological limit limit limit limit values values values values IfIf limitIf limitIf limit limit values values values values are are are are applicable applicable applicable applicable and and and and available available available available these these these these will will will will be be be belisted listed listed listed below. below. below. below. 8.1.28.1.28.1.28.1.2 Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling methods methods methods methods ProductProductProductProduct name name name name TestTestTestTest NumberNumberNumberNumber Sulfites,Sulfites,Sulfites,Sulfites, & & &Sulfates &Sulfates Sulfates Sulfates NIOSHNIOSHNIOSHNIOSH 6004600460046004 8.1.38.1.38.1.38.1.3 Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable limit limit limit limit values values values values when when when when using using using using the the the the substance substance substance substance or or or mixtureor mixture mixture mixture as as as intendedas intended intended intended IfIf limitIf limitIf limit limit values values values values are are are are applicable applicable applicable applicable and and and and available available available available these these these these will will will will be be be belisted listed listed listed below. below. below. below. 8.1.48.1.48.1.48.1.4 Threshold Threshold Threshold Threshold values values values values DNEL/DMELDNEL/DMELDNEL/DMELDNEL/DMEL - -Workers -Workers -Workers Workers ammoniumammoniumammoniumammonium thiosulfate thiosulfate thiosulfate thiosulfate EffectEffectEffectEffect level level level level (DNEL/DMEL) (DNEL/DMEL) (DNEL/DMEL) (DNEL/DMEL) TypeTypeTypeType ValueValueValueValue RemarkRemarkRemarkRemark DNELDNELDNELDNEL Long-termLong-termLong-termLong-term systemic systemic systemic systemic effects effects effects effects inhalation inhalation inhalation inhalation 350350350350 mg/m³ mg/m³ mg/m³ mg/m³ DNEL/DMELDNEL/DMELDNEL/DMELDNEL/DMEL - -General -General -General General population population population population ammoniumammoniumammoniumammonium thiosulfate thiosulfate thiosulfate thiosulfate EffectEffectEffectEffect level level level level (DNEL/DMEL) (DNEL/DMEL) (DNEL/DMEL) (DNEL/DMEL) TypeTypeTypeType ValueValueValueValue RemarkRemarkRemarkRemark DNELDNELDNELDNEL Long-termLong-termLong-termLong-term systemic systemic systemic systemic effects effects effects effects inhalation inhalation inhalation inhalation 104104104104 mg/m³ mg/m³ mg/m³ mg/m³ Long-termLong-termLong-termLong-term systemic systemic systemic systemic effects effects effects effects oral oral oral oral 131313 13mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg bw/day bw/day bw/day bw/day PNECPNECPNECPNEC ammoniumammoniumammoniumammonium thiosulfate thiosulfate thiosulfate thiosulfate CompartmentsCompartmentsCompartmentsCompartments ValueValueValueValue RemarkRemarkRemarkRemark FreshFreshFreshFresh water water water water 0.780.780.780.78 mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MarineMarineMarineMarine water water water water 0.0780.0780.0780.078 mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l STPSTPSTPSTP 100.1100.1100.1100.1 mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l 8.1.58.1.58.1.58.1.5 Control Control Control Control banding banding banding banding IfIf applicableIf applicableIf applicable applicable and and and and available available available available it it itwill willit will will be be be belisted listed listed listed below. below. below. below. 8.2.8.2.8.2.8.2. Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure controls controls controls controls TheTheTheThe information information information information in in in this inthis this this section section section section is is isa isa generala generala general general description. description. description. description. If If applicableIf applicableIf applicable applicable and and and and available, available, available, available, exposure exposure exposure exposure scenarios scenarios scenarios scenarios are are are are attached attached attached attached i nin i annex.n iannex.n annex. annex. Always Always Always Always use use use use the the the the relevant relevant relevant relevant exposure exposure exposure exposure scenariosscenariosscenariosscenarios that that that that correspond correspond correspond correspond to to to yourto your your your identified identified identified identified use. use. use. use. 8.2.18.2.18.2.18.2.1 Appropriate Appropriate Appropriate Appropriate engineering engineering engineering engineering controls controls controls controls KeepKeepKeepKeep away away away away from from from from naked naked naked naked flames/heat. flames/heat. flames/heat. flames/heat. Carry Carry Carry Carry operations operations operations operations in in in the inthe the the open/under open/under open/under open/under local local local local exhaust/ventilation exhaust/ventilation exhaust/ventilation exhaust/ventilation or or or withor with with with respiratory respiratory respiratory respiratory prote prote prote protection.ction.ction.ction. 8.2.28.2.28.2.28.2.2 Individual Individual Individual Individual protection protection protection protection measures, measures, measures, measures, such such such such as as as personalas personal personal personal protective protective protective protective equipment equipment equipment equipment ObserveObserveObserveObserve normal normal normal normal hygiene hygiene hygiene hygiene standards. standards. standards. standards. Do Do Do Donot not not not eat, eat, eat, eat, drink drink drink drink or or or smokeor smoke smoke smoke during during during during work. work. work. work. a)a) a)Respiratory a)Respiratory Respiratory Respiratory protection: protection: protection: protection: RespiratoryRespiratoryRespiratoryRespiratory protection protection protection protection not not not not required required required required in in in normal innormal normal normal conditions. conditions. conditions. conditions. b)b)b) Handb) Hand Hand Hand protection: protection: protection: protection: Gloves.Gloves.Gloves.Gloves. - -materials -materials -materials materials (good (good (good (good resistance) resistance) resistance) resistance) Neoprene.Neoprene.Neoprene.Neoprene. c)c) c)Eye c)Eye Eye Eye protection: protection: protection: protection: NotNotNotNot required required required required for for for for normal normal normal normal conditions conditions conditions conditions of of of use.of use. use. use. d)d)d) Skind) Skin Skin Skin protection: protection: protection: protection: ProtectiveProtectiveProtectiveProtective clothing. clothing. clothing. clothing. 8.2.38.2.38.2.38.2.3 Environmental Environmental Environmental Environmental exposure exposure exposure exposure controls: controls: controls: controls: SeeSeeSeeSee headings headings headings headings 6.2, 6.2, 6.2, 6.2, 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 and and and and 13 13 13 13
SECTIONSECTIONSECTIONSECTIONSECTION 9:9: 9: 9: PhysicalPhysical PhysicalPHYSICALPhysical andand and andAND chemicalchemical chemicalchemical CHEMICAL propertiesproperties propertiesproperties PROPERTIES 9.1.9.1.9.1.9.1. Information Information Information Information on on on on basic basic basic basic physical physical physical physical and and and and chemical chemical chemical chemical properties properties properties properties PhysicalPhysicalPhysicalPhysical form form form form LiquidLiquidLiquidLiquid OdourOdourOdourOdour AmmoniaAmmoniaAmmoniaAmmonia odour odour odour odour OdourOdourOdourOdour threshold threshold threshold threshold NoNoNoNo data data data data available available available available ColourColourColourColour ColourlessColourlessColourlessColourless to to to yellowto yellow yellow yellow ParticleParticleParticleParticle size size size size NotNotNotNot applicable applicable applicable applicable (liquid) (liquid) (liquid) (liquid) ExplosionExplosionExplosionExplosion limits limits limits limits NotNotNotNot applicable applicable applicable applicable
ReasonReasonReasonReason for for for for revision: revision: revision: revision: 1.3-7.2.3-9 1.3-7.2.3-9 1.3-7.2.3-9 1.3-7.2.3-9 PublicationPublicationPublicationPublication date: date: date: date: 2009-11-19 2009-11-19 2009-11-19 2009-11-19 DateDateDateDate of of of revision:of revision: revision: revision: 2019-07-22 2019-07-22 2019-07-22 2019-07-22
RevisionRevisionRevisionRevision number: number: number: number: 0104 0104 0104 0104 ProductProductProductProduct number: number: number: number: 48788 48788 48788 48788 33 /3 / 3 8 / 8/ 8 8
21 THIO-SULTHIO-SULTHIO-SULTHIO-SUL® ® ®® Flammability Non-flammable FlammabilityFlammabilityFlammability Non-flammableNon-flammableNon-flammable Log Kow Not applicable (mixture) LogLogLog Kow KowKow NotNotNot applicable applicableapplicable (mixture) (mixture)(mixture) Dynamic viscosity 0.0047 mPa.s ; 25 °C DynamicDynamicDynamic viscosity viscosityviscosity 0.00470.00470.0047 mPa.s mPa.smPa.s ; 25 ;; 2525 °C °C°C Kinematic viscosity No data available KinematicKinematicKinematic viscosity viscosityviscosity NoNoNo data datadata available availableavailable Melting point No data available MeltingMeltingMelting point pointpoint NoNoNo data datadata available availableavailable Boiling point 98.9 °C - 104.4 °C BoilingBoilingBoiling point pointpoint 98.998.998.9 °C °C°C - 104.4-- 104.4104.4 °C °C°C Evaporation rate No data available EvaporationEvaporationEvaporation rate raterate NoNoNo data datadata available availableavailable Relative vapour density No data available RelativeRelativeRelative vapour vapourvapour density densitydensity NoNoNo data datadata available availableavailable Vapour pressure 24 hPa ; 21.1 °C VapourVapourVapour pressure pressurepressure 242424 hPa hPahPa ; 21.1 ;; 21.121.1 °C °C°C Solubility Water ; soluble SolubilitySolubilitySolubility WaterWaterWater ; soluble ;; solublesoluble Relative density 1.32 - 1.35 RelativeRelativeRelative density densitydensity 1.321.321.32 - 1.35-- 1.351.35 Decomposition temperature No data available DecompositionDecompositionDecomposition temperature temperaturetemperature NoNoNo data datadata available availableavailable Auto-ignition temperature Not applicable Auto-ignitionAuto-ignitionAuto-ignition temperature temperaturetemperature NotNotNot applicable applicableapplicable Flash point Not applicable FlashFlashFlash point pointpoint NotNotNot applicable applicableapplicable Explosive properties No chemical group associated with explosive properties ExplosiveExplosiveExplosive properties propertiesproperties NoNoNo chemical chemicalchemical group groupgroup associated associatedassociated with withwith explosive explosiveexplosive properties propertiesproperties Oxidising properties No chemical group associated with oxidising properties OxidisingOxidisingOxidising properties propertiesproperties NoNoNo chemical chemicalchemical group groupgroup associated associatedassociated with withwith oxidising oxidisingoxidising properties propertiesproperties pH 6.5 - 8.5 pHpHpH 6.56.56.5 - 8.5-- 8.58.5 9.2.9.2.9.2. Other OtherOther information informationinformation Minimum ignition energy Not applicable MinimumMinimumMinimum ignition ignitionignition energy energyenergy NotNotNot applicable applicableapplicable SADT Not applicable SADTSADTSADT NotNotNot applicable applicableapplicable Solidification (freezing) point 7 °C SolidificationSolidificationSolidification (freezing) (freezing)(freezing) point pointpoint 7 7°C7 °C°C Absolute density 1320 kg/m³ - 1350 kg/m³ AbsoluteAbsoluteAbsolute density densitydensity 132013201320 kg/m³ kg/m³kg/m³ - 1350-- 13501350 kg/m³ kg/m³kg/m³ SECTIONSECTIONSECTIONSECTION 10: 10: 10:10: Stability StabilitySTABILITYStability and andand AND reactivity reactivityreactivity REACTIVITY 10.1.10.1.10.1. Reactivity ReactivityReactivity No reactions to be expected under normal conditions of use. NoNoNo reactions reactionsreactions to toto be bebe expected expectedexpected under underunder normal normalnormal conditions conditionsconditions of ofof use. use.use. 10.2.10.2.10.2. Chemical ChemicalChemical stability stabilitystability Stable under normal conditions. StableStableStable under underunder normal normalnormal conditions. conditions.conditions. 10.3.10.3.10.3. Possibility PossibilityPossibility of ofof hazardous hazardoushazardous reactions reactionsreactions Reacts with (strong) oxidizers. ReactsReactsReacts with withwith (strong) (strong)(strong) oxidizers. oxidizers.oxidizers. 10.4.10.4.10.4. Conditions ConditionsConditions to toto avoid avoidavoid Precautionary measures PrecautionaryPrecautionaryPrecautionary measures measuresmeasures Keep away from naked flames/heat. KeepKeepKeep away awayaway from fromfrom naked nakednaked flames/heat. flames/heat.flames/heat. 10.5.10.5.10.5. Incompatible IncompatibleIncompatible materials materialsmaterials Oxidizing agents, (strong) bases, (strong) acids, metals. OxidizingOxidizingOxidizing agents, agents,agents, (strong) (strong)(strong) bases, bases,bases, (strong) (strong)(strong) acids, acids,acids, metals. metals.metals. 10.6.10.6.10.6. Hazardous HazardousHazardous decomposition decompositiondecomposition products productsproducts Reacts with (some) bases: release of toxic and corrosive gases/vapours (ammonia, sulphur oxides). Reacts with (some) acids: release of toxic and corrosive ReactsReactsReacts with withwith (some) (some)(some) bases: bases:bases: release releaserelease of ofof toxic toxictoxic and andand corrosive corrosivecorrosive gases/vapours gases/vapoursgases/vapours (ammonia, (ammonia,(ammonia, sulphur sulphursulphur oxides). oxides).oxides). Reacts ReactsReacts with withwith (some) (some)(some) aci aciacids:ds:ds: release releaserelease of ofof toxic toxictoxic and andand corrosive corrosivecorrosive gases/vapours (sulphur oxides). On heating: release of toxic and corrosive gases/vapours (ammonia, sulphur oxides). On burning: release of toxic and gases/vapoursgases/vapoursgases/vapours (sulphur (sulphur(sulphur oxides). oxides).oxides). On OnOn heating: heating:heating: release releaserelease of ofof toxic toxictoxic and andand corrosive corrosivecorrosive gases/vapours gases/vapoursgases/vapours (ammonia, (ammonia,(ammonia, sulphur sulphursulphur oxides). oxides).oxides). On OnOn b urning:bburning:urning: release releaserelease of ofof toxic toxictoxic and andand corrosive gases/vapours (nitrous vapours, sulphur oxides). corrosivecorrosivecorrosive gases/vapours gases/vapoursgases/vapours (nitrous (nitrous(nitrous vapours, vapours,vapours, sulphur sulphursulphur oxides). oxides).oxides). SECTIONSECTIONSECTIONSECTION 11: 11: 11:11: Toxicological ToxicologicalTOXICOLOGICALToxicological information informationinformation INFORMATION 11.1.11.1.11.1. Information InformationInformation on onon toxicological toxicologicaltoxicological effects effectseffects 11.1.1 Test results 11.1.111.1.111.1.1 Test TestTest results resultsresults Acute toxicity AcuteAcuteAcute toxicity toxicitytoxicity THIO-SUL ® THIO-SULTHIO-SULTHIO-SUL ® ®® No (test)data available NoNoNo (test)data (test)data(test)data available availableavailable Judgement is based on the relevant ingredients Judgement is based on the relevant ingredients JudgementammoniumJudgementJudgement is is thiosulfateisbased basedbased on onon the thethe relevant relevantrelevant ingredients ingredientsingredients ammoniumammoniumammonium thiosulfate thiosulfatethiosulfate Route of exposure Parameter Method Value Exposure time Species Value Remark RouteRouteRoute of ofof exposure exposureexposure ParameterParameterParameterMethodMethodMethod ValueValueValue ExposureExposureExposure time timetime SpeciesSpeciesSpecies ValueValueValue RemarkRemarkRemark determination determinationdeterminationdetermination Oral LD50 OECD 425 > 2000 mg/kg bw Rat (female) Read-across OralOralOral LD50LD50LD50 OECDOECDOECD 425 425425 > >2000> 20002000 mg/kg mg/kgmg/kg bw bwbw RatRatRat (female ((femalefemale) )) Read-acrossRead-acrossRead-across Dermal LD50 Equivalent to OECD > 2000 mg/kg bw 24 h Rabbit (male / Read-across DermalDermalDermal LD50LD50LD50 EquivalentEquivalentEquivalent to toto OECD OECDOECD > >2000> 20002000 mg/kg mg/kgmg/kg bw bwbw 242424 h hh RabbitRabbitRabbit (male ((malemale / // Read-acrossRead-acrossRead-across 402 female) 402402402 femalefemalefemale) )) Inhalation (dust) LC50 Equivalent to OECD > 5.5 mg/l air 4 h Rat (male / Read-across InhalationInhalationInhalation (dust) (dust)(dust) LC50LC50LC50 EquivalentEquivalentEquivalent to toto OECD OECDOECD > >5.5> 5.55.5 mg/l mg/lmg/l air airair 4 4h4 hh RatRatRat (male ((malemale / // Read-acrossRead-acrossRead-across 403 female) 403403403 femalefemalefemale) )) Conclusion ConclusionConclusionConclusion Not classified for acute toxicity NotNotNot classified classifiedclassified for forfor acute acuteacute toxicity toxicitytoxicity Corrosion/irritation Corrosion/irritationCorrosion/irritationCorrosion/irritation THIO-SUL ® THIO-SULTHIO-SULTHIO-SUL ® ®® No (test)data available NoNoNo (test)data (test)data(test)data available availableavailable Judgement is based on the relevant ingredients JudgementJudgementJudgement is is isbased basedbased on onon the thethe relevant relevantrelevant ingredients ingredientsingredients Reason for revision: 1.3-7.2.3-9 Publication date: 2009-11-19 ReasonReasonReason for forfor revision: revision:revision: 1.3-7.2.3-9 1.3-7.2.3-91.3-7.2.3-9 PublicationPublicationPublication date: date:date: 2009-11-19 2009-11-192009-11-19 Date of revision: 2019-07-22 DateDateDate of ofof revision: revision:revision: 2019-07-22 2019-07-222019-07-22
Revision number: 0104 Product number: 48788 4 / 8 RevisionRevisionRevision number: number:number: 0104 01040104 ProductProductProduct number: number:number: 48788 4878848788 4 4/4 /8/ 88 22 THIO-SULTHIO-SULTHIO-SUL® ®®
ammoniumammonium thiosulfate thiosulfate RouteRoute of of exposure exposure ResultResult MethodMethod ExposureExposure time time TimeTime point point SpeciesSpecies ValueValue RemarkRemark determinationdetermination EyeEye NotNot irritating irritating EquivalentEquivalent to to 24;24; 48; 48; 72 72 hours hours RabbitRabbit ExperimentalExperimental OECDOECD 405 405 valuevalue SkinSkin NotNot irritating irritating EquivalentEquivalent to to 44 h h 24;24; 48; 48; 72 72 hours hours RabbitRabbit Read-acrossRead-across OECDOECD 404 404 ConclusionConclusion NotNot classified classified as as irritating irritating to to the the skin skin NotNot classified classified as as irritating irritating to to the the eyes eyes NotNot classified classified as as irritating irritating to to the the respiratory respiratory system system
RespiratoryRespiratory or or skin skin sensitisation sensitisation
THIO-SULTHIO-SUL ® ® NoNo (test)data (test)data available available JudgementJudgement is is based based on on the the relevant relevant ingredients ingredients ammoniumammonium thiosulfate thiosulfate RouteRoute of of exposure exposure ResultResult MethodMethod ExposureExposure time time ObservationObservation time time SpeciesSpecies ValueValue determination determinationRemarkRemark pointpoint DermalDermal NotNot sensitizing sensitizing OECDOECD 429 429 MouseMouse (female) (female) ExperimentalExperimental value value ConclusionConclusion NotNot classified classified as as sensitizing sensitizing for for inhalation inhalation NotNot classified classified as as sensitizing sensitizing for for skin skin
SpecificSpecific target target organ organ toxicity toxicity
THIO-SULTHIO-SUL ® ® NoNo (test)data (test)data available available JudgementJudgement is is based based on on the the relevant relevant ingredients ingredients ammoniumammonium thiosulfate thiosulfate RouteRoute of of exposure exposure ParameterParameterMethodMethod ValueValue OrganOrgan EffectEffect ExposureExposure time time SpeciesSpecies ValueValue determinationdetermination OralOral (repeated (repeated NOAELNOAEL OtherOther 108108 mg/kg mg/kg NoNo effect effect 104104 week week(s(s)) RatRat (male (male / / Read-acrossRead-across exposure)exposure) bw/daybw/day female)female) OralOral (repeated (repeated NOAELNOAEL OtherOther >> 955 955 mg/kg mg/kg NoNo adverse adverse 104104 week week(s(s)) RatRat (male (male / / Read-acrossRead-across exposure)exposure) bw/daybw/day systemicsystemic female)female) effectseffects ConclusionConclusion NotNot classified classified for for subchronic subchronic toxicity toxicity
MutagenicityMutagenicity (in (in vitro) vitro)
THIO-SULTHIO-SUL ® ® NoNo (test)data (test)data available available JudgementJudgement is is based based on on the the relevant relevant ingredients ingredients ammoniumammonium thiosulfate thiosulfate ResultResult MethodMethod TestTest substrate substrate EffectEffect ValueValue determination determination RemarkRemark NegativeNegative with with metabolic metabolic OECDOECD 471 471 BacteriaBacteria (S.typhimurium) (S.typhimurium) NoNo effect effect ExperimentalExperimental value value activation,activation, negative negative withoutwithout metabolic metabolic activationactivation NegativeNegative with with metabolic metabolic OECDOECD 476 476 MouseMouse (lymphoma (lymphoma L5178Y L5178Y NoNo effect effect ExperimentalExperimental value value activation,activation, negative negative cells)cells) withoutwithout metabolic metabolic activationactivation NegativeNegative with with metabolic metabolic EquivalentEquivalent to to OECD OECD 473 473 ChineseChinese hamster hamster ovary ovary NoNo effect effect ExperimentalExperimental value value activation,activation, negative negative (CHO)(CHO) withoutwithout metabolic metabolic activationactivation ConclusionConclusion NotNot classified classified for for mutagenic mutagenic or or genotoxic genotoxic toxicity toxicity
MutagenicityMutagenicity (in (in vivo) vivo)
THIO-SULTHIO-SUL ® ® NoNo (test)data (test)data available available JudgementJudgement is is based based on on the the relevant relevant ingredients ingredients ConclusionConclusion NotNot classified classified for for mutagenic mutagenic or or genotoxic genotoxic toxicity toxicity
CarcinogenicityCarcinogenicity
ReasonReason for for revision: revision: 1.3-7.2.3-9 1.3-7.2.3-9 PublicationPublication date: date: 2009-11-19 2009-11-19 DateDate of of revision: revision: 2019-07-22 2019-07-22
RevisionRevision number: number: 0104 0104 ProductProduct number: number: 48788 48788 55 / / 8 8 23 THIO-SULTHIO-SULTHIO-SUL® ®®
THIO-SULTHIO-SUL ® ® NoNo (test)data (test)data available available JudgementJudgement is is based based on on the the relevant relevant ingredients ingredients ammoniumammonium thiosulfate thiosulfate RouteRoute of of ParameterParameter MethodMethod ValueValue ExposureExposure time time SpeciesSpecies EffectEffect OrganOrgan ValueValue exposureexposure determinationdetermination OralOral NOAELNOAEL CarcinogenicCarcinogenic >> 2500 2500 mg/kg mg/kg 2424 month(s) month(s) MouseMouse (male (male / / NoNo effect effect Read-acrossRead-across (drinking(drinking toxicitytoxicity study study bw/daybw/day female)female) water)water) ConclusionConclusion NotNot classified classified for for carcinogenicity carcinogenicity
ReproductiveReproductive toxicity toxicity
THIO-SULTHIO-SUL ® ® NoNo (test)data (test)data available available JudgementJudgement is is based based on on the the relevant relevant ingredients ingredients ammoniumammonium thiosulfate thiosulfate ParameterParameter MethodMethod ValueValue ExposureExposure time time SpeciesSpecies EffectEffect OrganOrgan ValueValue determinationdetermination DevelopmentalDevelopmental toxicity toxicity NOAELNOAEL EquivalentEquivalent to to >> 400 400 mg/kg mg/kg 1010 day(s) day(s) RatRat NoNo effect effect Read-acrossRead-across OECDOECD 414 414 bw/daybw/day MaternalMaternal toxicity toxicity NOAELNOAEL EquivalentEquivalent to to >> 400 400 mg/kg mg/kg 1010 day(s) day(s) RatRat NoNo effect effect Read-acrossRead-across OECDOECD 414 414 bw/daybw/day EffectsEffects on on fertility fertility NOAELNOAEL 33 generation generation >> 955 955 mg/kg mg/kg 104104 week(s) week(s) RatRat (male (male / / NoNo effect effect Read-acrossRead-across studystudy bw/daybw/day female)female) ConclusionConclusion NotNot classified classified for for reprotoxic reprotoxic or or developmental developmental toxicity toxicity
ToxicityToxicity other other effects effects
THIO-SULTHIO-SUL ® ® NoNo (test)data (test)data available available
ChronicChronic effects effects from from short short and and long-term long-term exposure exposure
THIO-SULTHIO-SUL ® ® NoNo effects effects known. known.
SECTIONSECTIONSECTION 12: 12:12: EcologicalECOLOGICALEcological informationinformation INFORMATION 12.1.12.1. ToxicityToxicity
THIO-SULTHIO-SUL ® ® ParameterParameter MethodMethod ValueValue DurationDuration SpeciesSpecies TestTest design design Fresh/saltFresh/salt ValueValue determination determination waterwater AcuteAcute toxicity toxicity fishes fishes LC50LC50 770770 mg/l mg/l 9696 h h SalmoSalmo gairdneri gairdneri StaticStatic system system LiteratureLiterature study study
AcuteAcute toxicity toxicity crustacea crustacea LC50LC50 7777 mg/l mg/l 9696 h h MysidaceaMysidacea StaticStatic system system LiteratureLiterature study study
ToxicityToxicity aquatic aquatic micro- micro- EC50EC50 30003000 mg/l mg/l BacteriaBacteria LiteratureLiterature study; study; organismsorganisms FermentationFermentation tube tube JudgementJudgement of of the the mixture mixture is is based based on on the the relevant relevant ingredients ingredients ammoniumammonium thiosulfate thiosulfate ParameterParameter MethodMethod ValueValue DurationDuration SpeciesSpecies TestTest design design Fresh/saltFresh/salt ValueValue determination determination waterwater AcuteAcute toxicity toxicity fishes fishes LC50LC50 ASTMASTM 510510 mg/l mg/l 9696 h h LepomisLepomis StaticStatic system system FreshFresh water water ExperimentalExperimental value; value; macrochirusmacrochirus NominalNominal concentrationconcentration AcuteAcute toxicity toxicity crustacea crustacea EC50EC50 OtherOther 230230 mg/l mg/l 4848 h h DaphniaDaphnia magna magna StaticStatic system system FreshFresh water water ExperimentalExperimental value; value; NominalNominal concentrationconcentration ToxicityToxicity algae algae and and other other EC50EC50 OECDOECD 201 201 >> 100 100 mg/l mg/l 7272 h h PseudokirchneriPseudokirchneri StaticStatic system system FreshFresh water water ExperimentalExperimental value; value; aquaticaquatic plants plants ellaella subcapitata subcapitata GLPGLP ToxicityToxicity aquatic aquatic micro- micro- NOECNOEC OECDOECD 209 209 ≥≥ 1000 1000 mg/l mg/l 33 h h ActivatedActivated sludge sludge ExperimentalExperimental value; value; organismsorganisms GLPGLP
ConclusionConclusion NotNot classified classified as as dangerous dangerous for for the the environment environment according according to to the the criteria criteria of of Regulation Regulation (EC) (EC) No No 1272/2008 1272/2008 12.2.12.2. PersistencePersistence andand degradabilitydegradability
ReasonReason for for revision: revision: 1.3-7.2.3-9 1.3-7.2.3-9 PublicationPublication date: date: 2009-11-19 2009-11-19 DateDate of of revision: revision: 2019-07-22 2019-07-22
RevisionRevision number: number: 0104 0104 ProductProduct number: number: 48788 48788 66 / / 8 8
24 THIO-SULTHIO-SULTHIO-SUL® ®®
Biodegradability:Biodegradability: not not applicable applicable 12.3.12.3. Bioaccumulative Bioaccumulative potential potential THIO-SULTHIO-SUL ® ® LogLog Kow Kow MethodMethod RemarkRemark ValueValue TemperatureTemperature ValueValue determination determination NotNot applicable applicable (mixture) (mixture) ammoniumammonium thiosulfate thiosulfate LogLog Kow Kow MethodMethod RemarkRemark ValueValue TemperatureTemperature ValueValue determination determination NoNo data data available available ConclusionConclusion DoesDoes not not contain contain bioaccumulative bioaccumulative component(s) component(s) 12.4.12.4. Mobility Mobility in in soil soil
NoNo (test)data (test)data on on mobility mobility of of the the components components available available 12.5.12.5. Results Results of of PBT PBT and and vPvB vPvB assessment assessment TheThe criteria criteria of of PBT PBT and and vPvB vPvB as as listed listed in in Annex Annex XIII XIII of of Regulation Regulation (EC) (EC) No No 1907/2006 1907/2006 do do not not apply apply to to inorganic inorganic substance substances.s. 12.6.12.6. Other Other adverse adverse effects effects THIO-SULTHIO-SUL ® ® FluorinatedFluorinated greenhouse greenhouse gases gases (Regulation (Regulation (EU) (EU) No No 517/2014) 517/2014) NoneNone of of the the known known components components is is included included in in the the list list of of fluorinated fluorinated greenhouse greenhouse gases gases (Regulation (Regulation (EU) (EU) No No 517/2014) 517/2014) Ozone-depletingOzone-depleting potential potential (ODP) (ODP) NotNot classified classified as as dangerous dangerous for for the the ozone ozone layer layer (Regulation (Regulation (EC) (EC) No No 1005/2009) 1005/2009) SECTIONSECTIONSECTION 13: 13: DisposalDISPOSALDisposal considerations considerationsCONSIDERATIONS TheThe information information in in this this section section is is a a general general description. description. If If applicable applicable and and available, available, exposure exposure scenarios scenarios are are attached attached i nin annex. annex. Always Always use use the the relevant relevant exposure exposure scenariosscenarios that that correspond correspond to to your your identified identified use. use. 13.1.13.1. Waste Waste treatment treatment methods methods 13.1.113.1.1 Provisions Provisions relating relating to to waste waste EuropeanEuropean Union Union HazardousHazardous waste waste according according to to Directive Directive 2008/98/EC, 2008/98/EC, as as amended amended by by Regulation Regulation (EU) (EU) No No 1357/2014 1357/2014 and and Regulation Regulation (EU) (EU) No No 201 2017/997.7/997. WasteWaste material material code code (Directive (Directive 2008/98/EC, 2008/98/EC, Decision Decision 2000/0532/EC). 2000/0532/EC). 0202 01 01 08* 08* (wastes (wastes from from agriculture, agriculture, horticulture, horticulture, aquaculture, aquaculture, forestry, forestry, hunting hunting and and fishing: fishing: agrochemical agrochemical waste waste contain containinging hazardous hazardous substances). substances). 0909 01 01 04* 04* (wastes (wastes from from the the photographic photographic industry: industry: fixer fixer solutions). solutions). Depending Depending on on branch branch of of industry industry and and production production proce process,ss, also also other other waste waste codes codes may may be be applicable.applicable. 13.1.213.1.2 Disposal Disposal methods methods ImmobilizeImmobilize the the toxic toxic or or harmful harmful components. components. Precipitate/make Precipitate/make insoluble. insoluble. Remove Remove to to an an authorized authorized dump dump (Class (Class I). I). Remove Remove w wasteaste in in accordance accordance with with local local and/orand/or national national regulations. regulations. Hazardous Hazardous waste waste shall shall not not be be mixed mixed together together with with other other waste. waste. Different Different types types of of hazardous hazardous waste waste shall shall not not be be mixed mixed together together ifif this this may may entail entail a a risk risk of of pollution pollution or or create create problems problems for for the the further further management management of of the the waste. waste. Hazardous Hazardous waste waste shall shall be be managed managed responsibly. responsibly. All All entities entities thatthat store, store, transport transport or or handle handle hazardous hazardous waste waste shall shall take take the the necessary necessary measures measures to to prevent prevent risks risks of of pollution pollution or or damag damagee to to people people or or animals. animals. Do Do not not dischargedischarge into into drains drains or or the the environment. environment. 13.1.313.1.3 Packaging/Container Packaging/Container EuropeanEuropean Union Union WasteWaste material material code code packaging packaging (Directive (Directive 2008/98/EC). 2008/98/EC). 1515 01 01 10* 10* (packaging (packaging containing containing residues residues of of or or contaminated contaminated by by dangerous dangerous substances). substances).
SECTIONSECTIONSECTION 14: 14: TransportTRANSPORTTransport informationinformation INFORMATION RoadRoad (ADR), (ADR), Rail Rail (RID), (RID), Inland Inland waterways waterways (ADN), (ADN), Sea Sea (IMDG/IMSBC), (IMDG/IMSBC), Air Air (ICAO-TI/IATA-DGR) (ICAO-TI/IATA-DGR) 14.1.14.1. UN UN number number TransportTransport NotNot subject subject 14.2.14.2. UN UN proper proper shipping shipping name name 14.3.14.3. Transport Transport hazard hazard class(es) class(es) HazardHazard identification identification number number ClassClass ClassificationClassification code code 14.4.14.4. Packing Packing group group PackingPacking group group LabelsLabels 14.5.14.5. Environmental Environmental hazards hazards EnvironmentallyEnvironmentally hazardous hazardous substance substance mark mark nono 14.6.14.6. Special Special precautions precautions for for user user SpecialSpecial provisions provisions LimitedLimited quantities quantities 14.7.14.7. Transport Transport in in bulk bulk according according to to Annex Annex II II of of Marpol Marpol and and the the IBC IBC Code Code AnnexAnnex II II of of MARPOL MARPOL 73/78 73/78 NotNot applicable, applicable, based based on on available available data data
ReasonReason for for revision: revision: 1.3-7.2.3-9 1.3-7.2.3-9 PublicationPublication date: date: 2009-11-19 2009-11-19 DateDate of of revision: revision: 2019-07-22 2019-07-22
RevisionRevision number: number: 0104 0104 ProductProduct number: number: 48788 48788 77 / / 8 8
25 THIO-SULTHIO-SULTHIO-SUL® ®®
SECTIONSECTIONSECTION 15: 15:15: RegulatoryREGULATORYRegulatory informationinformation INFORMATION 15.1.15.1. Safety,Safety, healthhealth andand environmentalenvironmental regulations/legislationregulations/legislation specificspecific forfor thethe substancesubstance oror mixturemixture EuropeanEuropean legislation:legislation: EuropeanEuropean drinkingdrinking waterwater standardsstandards (Directive(Directive 98/83/EC)98/83/EC) ammoniumammonium thiosulfatethiosulfate ParameterParameter ParametricParametric valuevalue NoteNote ReferenceReference AmmoniumAmmonium 0.50.5 mg/lmg/l ListedListed inin AnnexAnnex I,I, PartPart C,C, ofof DirectiveDirective 98/83/EC98/83/EC onon thethe qualityquality ofof waterwater intendedintended forfor humanhuman consumption.consumption. SulphateSulphate 250250 mg/lmg/l ListedListed inin AnnexAnnex I,I, PartPart C,C, ofof DirectiveDirective 98/83/EC98/83/EC onon thethe qualityquality ofof waterwater intendedintended forfor humanhuman consumption.consumption.
NationalNational legislationlegislation TheThe NetherlandsNetherlands WaterbezwaarlijkheidWaterbezwaarlijkheid BB (5);(5); AlgemeneAlgemene BeoordelingsmethodiekBeoordelingsmethodiek (ABM)(ABM)
NationalNational legislationlegislation GermanyGermany WGKWGK 1;1; ClassificationClassification waterwater pollutingpolluting basedbased onon thethe componentscomponents inin compliancecompliance withwith VerwaltungsvorschriftVerwaltungsvorschrift wassergefährdenderwassergefährdender StoffeStoffe (VwVwS)(VwVwS) ofof 2727 JulyJuly 20052005 (Anhang(Anhang 4)4) 15.2.15.2. ChemicalChemical safetysafety assessmentassessment AA chemicalchemical safetysafety assessmentassessment hashas beenbeen performed.performed. SECTIONSECTION 16:16: OtherOther informationinformation SECTION 16: OTHER INFORMATION (*)(*) INTERNALINTERNAL CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION BYBY BIGBIG ADIADI AcceptableAcceptable dailydaily intakeintake AOELAOEL AcceptableAcceptable operatoroperator exposureexposure levellevel CLPCLP (EU-GHS)(EU-GHS) Classification,Classification, labellinglabelling andand packagingpackaging (Globally(Globally HarmonisedHarmonised SystemSystem inin Europe)Europe) DMELDMEL DerivedDerived MinimalMinimal EffectEffect LevelLevel DNELDNEL DerivedDerived NoNo EffectEffect LevelLevel EC50EC50 EffectEffect ConcentrationConcentration 5050 %% ErC50ErC50 EC50EC50 inin termsterms ofof reductionreduction ofof growthgrowth raterate LC50LC50 LethalLethal ConcentrationConcentration 5050 %% LD50LD50 LethalLethal DoseDose 5050 %% NOAELNOAEL NoNo ObservedObserved AdverseAdverse EffectEffect LevelLevel NOECNOEC NoNo ObservedObserved EffectEffect ConcentrationConcentration OECDOECD OrganisationOrganisation forfor EconomicEconomic Co-operationCo-operation andand DevelopmentDevelopment PBTPBT Persistent,Persistent, BioaccumulativeBioaccumulative && ToxicToxic PNECPNEC PredictedPredicted NoNo EffectEffect ConcentrationConcentration STPSTP SludgeSludge TreatmentTreatment ProcessProcess vPvBvPvB veryvery PersistentPersistent && veryvery BioaccumulativeBioaccumulative
TheThe informa�oninforma�on inin thisthis safetysafety datadata sheetsheet isis basedbased onon datadata andand samplessamples providedprovided toto BIGBIG.. TheThe sheetsheet waswas wri�enwri�en toto thethe bestbest ofof ourour abilityability andand accordingaccording toto thethe statestate ofof knowledgeknowledge atat thatthat �me�me.. TheThe safetysafety datadata sheetsheet onlyonly cons�tutescons�tutes aa guidelineguideline forfor thethe safesafe handlinghandling,, useuse,, consump�onconsump�on,, storagestorage,, transporttransport andand disposaldisposal ofof thethe substancessubstances//prepara�onsprepara�ons//mixturesmixtures men�onedmen�oned underunder pointpoint 1 1.. NewNew safetysafety datadata sheetssheets areare wri�enwri�en fromfrom �me�me toto �me�me.. OnlyOnly thethe mostmost recentrecent versionsversions maymay bebe usedused.. UnlessUnless indicatedindicated otherwiseotherwise wordword forfor wordword onon thethe safetysafety datadata sheetsheet,, thethe informa�oninforma�on doesdoes notnot applyapply toto substancessubstances//prepara�onsprepara�ons//mixturesmixtures inin purerpurer formform,, mixedmixed withwith otherother substancessubstances oror inin processesprocesses.. TheThe safetysafety datadata sheetsheet offersoffers nono qualityquality specifica�onspecifica�on forfor thethe substancessubstances//prepara�onsprepara�ons//mixturesmixtures inin ques�onques�on.. ComplianceCompliance withwith thethe instruc�onsinstruc�ons inin thisthis safetysafety datadata sheetsheet doesdoes notnot releaserelease thethe useruser fromfrom thethe obliga�onobliga�on toto taketake allall measuresmeasures dictateddictated byby commoncommon sensesense,, regula�onsregula�ons andand recommenda�onsrecommenda�ons oror whichwhich areare necessarynecessary andand//oror usefuluseful basedbased onon thethe realreal applicableapplicable circumstancescircumstances.. BIGBIG doesdoes notnot guaranteeguarantee thethe accuracyaccuracy oror exhaus�venessexhaus�veness ofof thethe informa�oninforma�on providedprovided andand cannotcannot bebe heldheld liableliable forfor anyany changeschanges byby thirdthird par�espar�es.. ThisThis safetysafety datadata sheetsheet isis onlyonly toto bebe usedused withinwithin thethe EuropeanEuropean UnionUnion,, SwitzerlandSwitzerland,, IcelandIceland,, NorwayNorway andand LiechtensteinLiechtenstein.. AnyAny useuse outsideoutside ofof thisthis areaarea isis atat youryour ownown riskrisk.. UseUse ofof thisthis safetysafety datadata sheetsheet isis subjectsubject toto thethe licencelicence andand liabilityliability limi�nglimi�ng condi�onscondi�ons asas statedstated inin youryour BIGBIG licencelicence agreementagreement oror whenwhen thisthis isis failingfailing thethe generalgeneral condi�onscondi�ons ofof BIGBIG.. AllAll intellectualintellectual propertyproperty rightsrights toto thisthis sheetsheet areare thethe propertyproperty ofof BIGBIG andand itsits distribu�ondistribu�on andand reproduc�onreproduc�on areare limitedlimited.. ConsultConsult thethe men�onedmen�oned agreementagreement//condi�onscondi�ons forfor detailsdetails..
ReasonReason forfor revision:revision: 1.3-7.2.3-91.3-7.2.3-9 PublicationPublication date:date: 2009-11-192009-11-19 DateDate ofof revision:revision: 2019-07-222019-07-22
RevisionRevision number:number: 01040104 ProductProduct number:number: 4878848788 88 // 88
26 Annex 2: • Variation of Thio-Sul Density with Temperature
1,335
1,334
1,333
1,332
1,331
1,330 Density (kg/L)
1,329
1,328
1,327 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Temperature (°C)
• Freezing Points of Ammonium Thiosulfate Solutions at Various Concentrations.
30
20
10
0
-10
Freezing Point (°C) Point Freezing -20
-30
-40 40 42.5 45 47.5 50 52.5 55 57.5 60 62.5 65 (7.8) (8.23) (8.78) (9.17) (9.75) (10.12) (10.73) (11.21) (11.7) (12.19) (12.68) % w/w Ammonium Thisulfate (% w/w N) (Source: Tessenderlo Kerley International)
• Variation in Salt Out Temperature (SOT) of Ammonium Thiosulfate Solutions with Dilution
10
5
0
-5
SOT (°C) SOT -10
-15
-20
-25 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Parts Thio-Sul (10 = 100% Thio-Sul & 0 = 100% Water)
27 (Source: Tessenderlo Kerley International) Annex 3: • Variation of UAN Density with Solution Strength (concentration) and temperature.
1.36 28 32 1.34 30
1.32
1.30
Density 1.28
1.26
1.24
1.22 -6.7 -1.1 4.4 10 15.6 21.1 26.7 32.2 37.8 Temperature (°C) (Source: US Fluid Fertilizer Foundation)
• Variation of UAN Density with Solution Strength (concentration) at 25 °C.
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1 Density (kg/L) 0.9
0.8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 Percent N in UAN solution (Source: US Fluid Fertilizer Foundation)
28 Annex 3: Annex 4: • Variation of UAN Density with Solution Strength (concentration) and temperature. • Freezing Temperature of UAN Solutions In Water at Different Nitrogen Concentrations
0
-5
-10
-15
Freezing Temperature (°C) Temperature Freezing -20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Percent N (Source: US Fluid Fertilizer Foundation)
• UAN Solution Dilution Table
UAN GRADE 28-0-0 30-0-0 32-0-0 UAN GRADE 28-0-0 30-0-0 32-0-0
UAN UAN 1.28 1.30 1.32 1.28 1.30 1.32 DENSITY DENSITY
% N IN SOLN. L OF UAN SOLUTION PER 100 L WATER % N IN SOLN. L OF UAN SOLUTION PER 100 L WATER 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8 31.3 28.0 25.3
2 6.0 5.5 5.1 10 43.4 38.5 34.4
4 13.0 11.8 10.8 12 58.6 51.3 45.5 6 21.3 19.2 17.5 14 78.1 67.3 58.9
(Source: Tessenderlo Kerley International)
• Salt Out Temperature of UAN solutions at various concentrations.
10
5
0
-5
-10 SOT (°C) SOT -15
-20
-25
-30 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 Percent N in UAN solution
(Source: US Fluid Fertilizer Foundation)
29 Annex 5: • Salt Out Temperatures (SOT) of blends of UAN with Thio-Sul
0 28 32 -5
-10
-15
-20 SOT (°C) SOT -25
-30
-35
-40 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Parts UAN (10 = 100% UAN & 0 = 100% Thio-Sul) (Source: Tessenderlo Kerley International)
• Variation of blend pH with composition
7.75 28 32 7.7
7.65
7.6
7.55 pH
7.5
7.45
7.4
7.35 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(Source: Tessenderlo Kerley International)
• Variation of blend density with composition
1.34 28 32 1.33
1.32
1.31
density at 20 °C density at 1.30
1.29
1.28 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Parts UAN (10 = 100% UAN & 0 = 100% Thio-Sul)
(Source: Tessenderlo Kerley International)
30 31 SUSTAINABLE CROP NUTRITION FOR AGRICULTURE
For over 100 years Tessenderlo Kerley International has demonstrated its commitment to nurturing crop life through innovation, research and the development of novel fertilizers for a more sustainable agriculture. Our diverse product portfolio addresses the challenges of modern agriculture by delivering essential nutrients in forms that protect soil health and optimize nutrient use efficiency.
We provide an extensive range of both liquid and solid/soluble fertilizers
HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUIDS HIGH QUALITY SOLID/SOLUBLES
Our experts are familiar with your region and crops. For more contact information, please get in touch with: Their support includes: Tessenderlo Kerley International, part of Tessenderlo Group Troonstraat 130 - 1050 Brussels, Belgium • Agronomic advice Tel. +32 2 639 18 11 • Providing technical information [email protected] • Carrying out field studies that are specific to your issues www.tessenderlokerley.com • Providing application and storage tips
While every care has been taken to ensure that the information in this brochure is correct at the time of publication, Tessenderlo Group can neither give any guarantee as to its accuracy nor accept any liability resulting from its use. KTS®, Thio-Sul®, P-Sure®, N-Sure®, CaTs®, K-Leaf®, SoluPotasse® and GranuPotasse® are trademarks of Tessenderlo Group NV/SA.
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