Effect of Surface Application of Ammonium Thiosulfate on Field
Science of the Total Environment 580 (2017) 316–323 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science of the Total Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv Effect of surface application of ammonium thiosulfate on field-scale emissions of 1,3-dichloropropene S.R. Yates a,⁎, D.J. Ashworth a,b,Q.Zhanga a USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, United States b University of California, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, United States HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT • Five methods and two independent da- ta sets were used to calculate emissions • Total 1,3-dichloropropene mass loss was 18.4 ± 6.7% and ranged 12–26% • Spraying ammonium thiosulfate fertil- izer on soil reduced 1,3-D emissions • Results compared to four related large- scale field experiments article info abstract Article history: Soil fumigation is important for food production but has the potential to discharge toxic chemicals into the environ- Received 29 September 2016 ment, which may adversely affect human and ecosystem health. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the Received in revised form 17 November 2016 effect of applying ammonium thiosulfate fertilizer to the soil surface prior to fumigating with 1,3-dichloropropene Accepted 17 November 2016 (1,3-D). The ammonium thiosulfate solution was applied as a spray with minimal water to minimize the effect on Available online 21 December 2016 emissions from saturating (e.g. sealing) the soil pores with water. Two independent data sets were collected for de- Editor: Jay Gan termining the emission rate. One data set was used with three micrometeorological approaches: aerodynamic, inte- grated horizontal flux and theoretical profile shape; the other dataset with two indirect, back calculation methods Keywords: that used the CALPUFF and ISCST3 dispersion models.
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