Population PA‘APÜ PÜ‘UO KANAKA

ka puke ‘lkepili o nä ‘öiwi hawai‘i 2011NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK

population PA‘APÜ PÜ‘UO KANAKA

• Geographical Distribution • Family Profile • Marital Status • Births • Deaths Hewa i ka wai. Great as a body of water. A great multitude; so many that one cannot count. ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 21

PA‘APÜ PÜ‘UO KANAKA POPULATION 1 Mo’omeheu (Culture): To strengthen identity, Native Hawaiians will preserve, practice and perpetuate their culture.

While there is ongoing deliberation as to when the first Native Hawaiians arrived to the shores of the Hawaiian islands; as well as, the number of Native Hawaiians on the islands at the time of European contact, it is known that the Native Hawaiian people have endured numerous devastating hardships and events that have shaped and reshaped Native Hawaiian society and culture. Much has changed over the past two centuries since western culture placed its mark on Hawai‘i and its native people. Chapter 1 of the Native Hawaiian Data Book examines the past and present status of the surviving Native Hawaiian population residing in the State of Hawai‘i and on the Continental United States. The materials include current and long term distributions of Native Hawaiian’s age, gender, and economic status. This chapter also includes basic vital statistics on Native Hawaiian marital status, births, and deaths.

To assist in the usage of the statistics in this chapter, a table and a companion figure are provided for each topic. Furthermore, a short statement, highlighting relevant findings, is provided for each table or figure, where applicable.

Note: Starting with the 2000 U.S. Census, the Bureau’s question on race was revised to allow respondents the option to self-identify themselves by selecting one or more races to indicate their racial identities. Due to the change, data on race is presented using different tabulation options. One option provides data on “race alone,” those who reported a single race category. The other option reports those who report a single category and those who reported multiple categories, “alone or in any combination.” Due to the change, data on race from Census 2000 are not directly comparable with those from the 1990 census and previous censuses. Moreover, those who identified themselves by a single race category does not indicate they are of a single race. Consequently, those who are classified as “Hawaiian alone,” does not indicate that they are “full-blooded Hawaiian” and any data should not be interpreted as such.

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POPULATION: PAST AND PRESENT Table 1.01 The Population of the Hawaiian Islands: 1778-1896.

Population Percent Native Hawaiian Non Native Hawaiian Year Estimates Change No. % No. % 1778 300,000 (X) (N) (N) (N) (N) 1796 270,000 -10.0% (N) (N) (N) (N) 1803 266,000 -1.5% (N) (N) (N) (N) 1804 154,000 -42.1% (N) (N) (N) (N) 1805 152,000 -1.3% (N) (N) (N) (N) 1819 144,000 -5.3% (N) (N) (N) (N) 1823 134,925 -6.3% (N) (N) (N) (N) 1832 124,449 -7.8% (N) (N) (N) (N) 1836 107,954 -13.3% (N) (N) (N) (N) 1849 87,063 -19.4% (N) (N) (N) (N) 1850 84,165 -3.3% (N) (N) (N) (N) 1853 73,138 -13.1% 71,019 97.1% 2,119 2.9% 1860 69,800 -4.6% 66,984 96.0% 2,816 4.0% 1866 62,959 -9.8% 58,765 93.3% 4,194 6.7% 1872 56,897 -9.6% 51,531 90.6% 5,366 9.4% 1878 57,985 1.9% 47,508 81.9% 10,477 18.1% 1884 80,578 39.0% 44,232 54.9% 36,346 45.1% 1890 89,990 11.7% 40,622 45.1% 49,368 54.9% 1896 109,020 21.2% 39,504 36.2% 69,516 63.8% (X) Not applicable (N) Not available

Source: Robert C. Schmitt, Demographic Statistics of Hawaii: 1778-1965. (Honolulu,1968). Robert C. Schmitt, Historical Statistics of Hawaii. (Honolulu,1977).

• One-century after European contact the population of Hawai‘i declined over 80%. It would not be speculation to assert that Native Hawaiians bore the brunt of the population decline. While abortion and infanticide were in limited practice prior to 1778, foreign contact introduced a host of apocalyptic agents. Population decline was due in part to venereal disease-resulting in sterility, miscarriages, and death-and epidemics such as small pox, measles, whooping cough and influenza. Decline was also accelerated by a low fertility rate, high infant mortality, poor housing, inadequate medical care, poor sanitation, hunger and malnutrition, alcohol and tobacco use. Over two centuries after European contact many of these situations still exist.

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Historical Historical Hawaiian

Native

Non . (Honolulu,1968). Robert C. Schmitt. Robert C. Schmitt. . (Honolulu,1968). Year Hawaiian

the Hawaiian Islands: 1778-1896. Islands: the Hawaiian : 1778-1965. (Honolulu,1968). Native . (Honolulu,1977).

Estimates

Demographic Statistics of Hawaii: 1778-1965 Demographic Demographic Statistics of Hawai‘i Population Historical Statistics of Hawai‘i . (Honolulu,1977). Robert C. Schmitt. 1778 1796 1803 1804 1805 1819 1823 1832 1836 1849 1850 1853 1860 1866 1872 1878 1884 1890 1896 Source: Robert C. Schmitt. Source: Robert C. Schmitt. Figure 1.01 Population of Estimates Population 1.01 Figure 0 Statistics of Hawaii Source:

50,000

350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000

Estimates Population

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POPULATION: PAST AND PRESENT Table 1.02 The Population of the Territory and State of Hawai‘i: 1900-2009.

Total Percent Native Hawaiian b Non Native Hawaiian Census Year Population a Change No. % No. % 1900 154,001 39,656 25.8% 114,345 74.3% 1910 191,909 24.6% 38,547 20.1% 153,362 79.9% 1920 255,912 33.4% 41,750 16.3% 214,162 83.7% 1930 368,336 43.9% 50,860 13.8% 317,476 86.2% 1940 423,330 14.9% 64,310 15.2% 359,020 84.8% 1950 499,769 18.1% 86,090 17.2% 413,679 82.8% 1960 632,772 26.6% 102,403 16.2% 530,369 83.8% 1970 768,559 21.5% 71,274 9.3% 697,285 90.7% 1980 964,691 25.5% 115,500 12.0% 849,191 88.0% 1990 1,108,229 14.9% 138,742 12.5% 969,487 87.5% 2000 1,211,537 9.3% 239,655 19.8% 971,882 80.2% 2008 1,288,198 6.3% 242,423 18.8% 1,045,775 81.2% 2009 1,295,178 0.5% 259,866 20.1% 1,035,312 79.9% a Includes all races. Note: some numbers have been revised from earlier reports by the Census Bureau, moreover, the Bureau’s definition of Hawaiian/Part-Hawaiian/Native Hawaiian has changed over the decades. b Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Note: For Census 2000, the question on race was revised to allow respondents the option to self-identify themselves by selecting one or more races to indicate their racial identities. The table uses the “alone or in combination” totals.

Source: Robert C. Schmitt. Historical Statistics of Hawai‘i. (Honolulu, 1977). United States. Bureau of the Census. Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002). United States. Bureau of the Census. American Community Survey (2008, 2009).

A nearly eight-fold increase in the overall population occurred in a 100-year period. Peak annual growth rates occurred from 1910 through 1930. The increase was not due to a rejuvenated Native Hawaiian population. Rather, the heavy labor demands of an expanding plantation economy and the limited availability of local labor resulted in a flood of more than 250,000 foreign laborers during the three decades following Annexation (1898). Most of the laborers who arrived during the early 1900s were Japanese and Filipino. Laborers from Portugal, Puerto Rico, Spain, and Korea were also brought in, but in smaller numbers. While many of these laborers returned home, many elected to remain in the islands. Importation of foreign laborers ended during the early 1930s resulting in a reduced growth rate.

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Census 2000 Summary Summary Census 2000

(2008). Non Native Hawaiian Native Non Year American Community Survey American Community ry and State of Hawai‘i: 1900-2009. 1900-2009. ry and State of Hawai‘i: . (Honolulu, 1977). U.S., Bureau of the Census. U.S., Bureau of the Census. 1977). . (Honolulu, Native Hawaiian Native Historical Statistics of Hawaii Historical Total Population Total Robert C. Schmitt, 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008 2009 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002). U.S., Bureau of the Census. of the Census. U.S., Bureau 2002). 16, (SF 2) (January Historical Statistics of Hawai‘iCensus 2000 Summary File 2American Community Survey Figure 1.02 Population of the Territo of the 1.02 Population Figure 0 File 2 Source:

800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000

1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 Population

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(X) 41,352 33,343 2000 239,655 476,162 170,803 275,728 296,674 1,211,537 68,804 24,454 27,195 63,250 1990 138,742 369,616 168,682 247,486 1,108,229 Groups

2000.  56,285 17,962 17,364 65,122 Filipino Other 1980 115,500 318,770 133,940 239,748 964,691 9,625 7,517 71,274 52,375 95,353 13,317 Black 1970

301,429 217,669 768,559 . (Washington, D.C.), U.S., Bureau of the Census. the Bureau of D.C.), U.S., (Washington, . (N) . (Honolulu, 1968). U.S., Bureau of the Census. Census. the of Bureau U.S., 1968). (Honolulu, . American/ 4,943

38,197 69,070 12,474 1960 102,403 202,230 203,455 632,772 Year Chinese African 7,030 2,651 1,618 Census 86,090 32,376 61,062 1950 124,344 184,598 499,769 255 579 6,851 64,310 28,774 52,569 1940 112,087 157,905 423,330 563 217 6,461 Caucasian Japanese 50,860 80,373 27,179 63,052 1930 139,631 368,336 (SF 4) (April 29, 2003) 2003) 29, (April 4) (SF Demographic Statistics of Hawaii: 1778-1965 Hawaii: of Statistics Demographic POPULATION: PAST AND PRESENT PAST POPULATION: 348 310 4,950 41,750 54,742 23,507 21,031 1920 109,274 255,912 Census of Population. General Population Characteristic Population General of Population. Census 695 376 Hawaiian 2,361 4,533

38,547 44,048 21,674 79,675 1910 Figure 1.03 Population of Hawaiÿi by Race/Ethnicity: 1900 Race/Ethnicity: by Hawaiÿi of Population 1.03 Figure 191,909 Robert C. Schmitt, 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Native Korean (N) (N) 233 415 0 1970, 1980, 1990 1990 1980, 1970, Census 2000 Summary File 4 Source: 37,656 28,819 25,767 61,111 1900 154,001

50,000 500,000 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000

The Population of Hawai‘i by Race/Ethnicity: U.S. Census 1900-2000. Population a

Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Note: changes in the 2000 Census concerning the reporting of race/ethnicity the data is not comparable to previous censuses. of the Census. Note: changes in 2000 Census concerningreporting race/ethnicity data is not comparable to previous Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau Race/ Ethnicity Native Native Hawaiian Caucasian Chinese Filipino Korean Japanese African American/ Black Other Groups Total a (N) Not available (X) Not applicable. Table 1.03 Table Robert C. Schmitt. Demographic Statistics of Hawaii: 1778-1965. (Honolulu, 1968). United States. Bureau of the Census. 1970, Robert C. Schmitt. Demographic Statistics of Hawaii: 1778-1965. (Honolulu, 1968). United States. Bureau Source: of the Census. Census D.C.), United States. Bureau 1980, 1990 Census of Population. General Population Characteristic. (Washington, 2000 Summary File 4 (SF 4) (April 29, 2003)

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(SF 4) (April 29, 2003) Groups

2000.  Filipino Other Census 2000 Summary File 4 Black

. (Washington, D.C.), U.S., Bureau of the Census. the Bureau of D.C.), U.S., (Washington, . . (Honolulu, 1968). U.S., Bureau of the Census. Census. the of Bureau U.S., 1968). (Honolulu, . American/

Year . (Honolulu, 1968). U.S., Bureau of the Census. 1970, 1980, 1990 Census . (Honolulu, 1968). U.S., Bureau Chinese African Census . (Washington, D.C.), U.S., Bureau of the Census. D.C.), U.S., Bureau . (Washington, Caucasian Japanese (SF 4) (April 29, 2003) 2003) 29, (April 4) (SF Demographic Statistics of Hawaii: 1778-1965 Demographic Statistics of Hawaii: 1778-1965 Hawaii: of Statistics Demographic Census of Population. General Population Characteristic Population General of Population. Census General Population Characteristic Hawaiian

Figure 1.03 Population of Hawaiÿi by Race/Ethnicity: 1900 Race/Ethnicity: by Hawaiÿi of Population 1.03 Figure Robert C. Schmitt, Source: Robert C. Schmitt, Source: Population. 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Native Korean 0 1970, 1980, 1990 1990 1980, 1970, Census 2000 Summary File 4 Source:

50,000

500,000 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 Population

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POPULATION: PAST AND PRESENT Table 1.04a The Racial/Ethnic Composition of the State of Hawai‘i: 2000.

U.S. Census: 2000 Hawaii Health Survey: 2000 Race/Ethnicity Population Population % % Estimate Native Hawaiian a,b 239,655 19.8% 254,910 22.1% Caucasian 476,162 39.3% 243,626 21.1% Chinese 170,684 14.1% 66,840 5.8% Filipino 275,728 22.8% 183,293 15.9% Japanese 296,674 24.5% 253,475 21.9% Others – – 153,870 13.3% Total 1,211,537 1,156,014 a Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. “The Concept of race as used by the Census Bureau reflects self- identification; it does not denote any clear-cut scientific definition of biological stock.” Note: For Census 2000, the question on race was revised to allow respondents the option to self-identify themselves by selecting one or more races to indicate their racial identities. The table uses the “alone or in combination” totals. b Hawaiian as defined by the Hawaii Health Survey (HHS). The Hawaii Health Survey examined the ethnic background of the parents of each individual as provided by that individual. Racial background of each individual is based on the racial composition of his/her parents. Note: The data is based on a sample and is subject to sampling variability.

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census. Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002). Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Hawai‘i Health Survey. (Honolulu).

In the State of Hawai‘i, there are two principal sources for general demographic data by various racial/ethnic groups. The first is the decennial census conducted by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau and is taken every 10 years to collect information about the people and housing of the United States. The second is the Hawai‘i Health Survey (HHS) conducted by the State of Hawai‘i, Department of Health. The HHS is a continuous statewide telephone survey of health and socio-demographic conditions. Unlike the decennial census the HHS data is annual and can measure changes in the population during the intercennial decade, however being a sample survey it is subject to sampling variability and other sample survey issues.

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Figure 1.04a Racial/Ethnic Composition of the State of Hawaiÿi: 2000

22.1% Native Hawaiian 19.8%

21.9% Japanese 24.5%

15.9% Filipino 22.8%

5.8%

Race/Ethnicity Chinese 14.1%

21.1% Caucasian 39.3%

13.3% Others

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 Population

Hawaii Health Survey: 2000 U.S. Census: 2000

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002). (JanuaryHawai‘i 16, State,2002). Department Hawai‘i ofState, Health, Department Hawai‘i Health ofSurvey. Heal (Honolulu).th, Hawai‘i Health Survey. (Honolulu).

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POPULATION: PAST AND PRESENT Table 1.04b The Racial/Ethnic Composition of the State of Hawai‘i: 2008.

American Community Survey Hawaii Health Survey (U.S. Census): 2008 (Hawai‘i DOH): 2008 Race/Ethnicity Population Population % % Estimate Estimate Native Hawaiian a,b 242,423 18.8% 305,837 24.3% Caucasian 549,174 42.6% 259,826 20.7% Chinese 174,365 13.5% 80,898 6.4% Filipino 287,785 22.3% 199,986 15.9% Japanese 253,222 19.7% 273,014 21.7% Others – – 138,043 11.0% Total 1,288,198 1,257,607

a Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. “The Concept of race as used by the Census Bureau reflects self- identification; it does not denote any clear-cut scientific definition of biological stock.” For the Census 2000 and subsequent Census Bureau work, the question on race was revised to allow respondents the option to self-identify themselves by selecting one or more races to indicate their racial identities. The table uses the “alone or in combination” totals. b Hawaiian as defined by the Hawaii Health Survey (HHS). The Hawaii Health Survey examined the ethnic background of the parents of each individual as provided by that individual. Racial background of each individual is based on the racial composition of his/her parents. Note: The data is based on a sample and is subject to sampling variability.

Source: United States. Bureau of the Census. American Community Survey 2008. Hawai‘i State. Department of Health, Hawaii Health Survey. (Honolulu).

The American Community Survey (ACS) is an ongoing survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau to supplement their decennial census by providing annual data. The data from the ACS is not as detailed as the decennial data but it does provide current estimates on a variety of population indicators.

The ACS and HHS provide different measures for the same populations. The difference is due to survey methodology and sampling variability. These and other factors should be considered when selecting which data to use.

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Figure 1.04b: Racial/Ethnic Composition of the State of HawaiÿI: 2008

305,837 Native Hawaiian 242,423

259,826 Caucasian 549,174

80,898 Chinese 174,365

199,986

Race/Ethnicity Filipino 287,785

273,014 Japanese 253,222

138,043 Others

0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 Population Estimate

Hawaii Health Survey American Community Survey (Hawaiÿi DOH): 2008 (U.S. Census): 2008

Source: US. Bureau of the Census. American Community Survey 2008. Hawai‘i State. DepartmentSource: US. Bureau of Health, of the Census.Hawaii American Health CommunitySurvey. (Honolulu). Survey 2008. Hawai‘i State. Department of Health, Hawaii Health Survey. (Honolulu).

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0.7% 0.6% 3.9% 0.9% % 19.4% 11.4% 17.6% 19.8% 60.8% 25.7% 2004 8,938 6,929 48,359 11,190 239,599 140,520 216,849 244,756 750,106 317,322 1,234,461 Pop. Est.

0.8% 1.4% 3.9% 0.9% % 18.3% 13.3% 16.7% 21.1% 60.5% 23.5% 2003 10,236 17,226 47,609 11,587 223,901 162,542 203,963 258,490 739,890 286,727 1,222,281 Pop. Est.

0.4% 1.0% 4.0% 1.6% % 18.3% 13.7% 20.4% 61.2% 24.5% 16.1% 2002 4,731 12,439 47,854 18,989 220,067 164,059 245,312 735,318 294,280 192,966 1,200,697 Pop. Est.

0.9% 0.6% 3.1% 1.1% % 21.3% 11.7% 22.8% 55.9% 22.0% 16.4% 2001 7,513 11,075 36,113 13,040 250,985 137,953 267,532 657,078 258,187 193,197 1,175,595 Pop. Est.

POPULATION: PAST AND PRESENT PAST POPULATION: 1.0% 1.0% 4.1% 0.9% % 19.9% 12.3% 22.1% 58.0% 20.5% 18.3% 2000 11,510 11,173 47,103 10,829 230,410 141,696 211,364 254,911 237,019 670,694 1,156,014 Pop. Est. a The Racial/Ethnic Composition of the State Hawai‘i: 2000-2008. Race/Ethnicity Samoan/Tongan Hawaiian) (except Mixed Total Korean Chinese Filipino Native Hawaiian Native Hawaiian) (except Unmixed Caucasian Black Japanese Table 1.05 Table Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Hawai‘i Health Survey, 2000-2008. (Honolulu) Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Health Survey, Source:

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0.6% 3.8% 0.6% 0.9% 24.3% 55.6% 20.4% 17.5% 11.8% 20.0% % 2008 7,380 8,001 47,767 11,118 305,838 699,622 256,381 220,201 148,773 252,147 1,257,607 Pop. Est.

0.7% 3.5% 0.6% 1.0% 24.2% 55.7% 23.1% 15.6% 11.2% 20.1% % 2007 7,345 8,418 45,037 12,673 54,925 307,541 706,953 292,686 198,506 142,287 1,269,419 Pop. Est.

3.4% 0.8% 1.5% 0.7% 23.1% 57.4% 24.3% 16.3% 10.5% 19.5% % 2006 8,834 41,908 10,499 18,202 288,263 718,065 303,435 203,972 131,215 244,178 1,250,506 Pop. Est.

0.9% 3.2% 0.6% 0.8% 22.0% 58.7% 25.3% 16.5% 11.3% 19.3% % POPULATION: PAST AND PRESENT PAST POPULATION: 2005 7,997 11,685 40,275 10,249 273,491 730,762 314,605 205,017 140,935 240,797 1,245,050 Pop. Est. The Racial/Ethnic Composition of the State Hawai‘i: 2000-2008. Race/Ethnicity Hawaiian as defined by the Hawai‘i Health Survey. The Hawai‘i Health Survey (HHS) examines the ethnic background of the parents of each individual as provided by that individual. of each individual as provided of the parents The Hawai‘i Health Survey (HHS) examines the ethnic background Hawaiian as defined by the Hawai‘i Health Survey. Native Hawaiian Native Hawaiian) (except Unmixed Caucasian Black Japanese Chinese Filipino Korean Samoan/Tongan Hawaiian) (except Mixed Total a Note: The data is based on a sample and subject to sampling variability. of each individual is based on the racial composition his or her parents. Racial background Table 1.05 Table Continued … Continued Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Hawai‘i Health Survey, 2000-2008. (Honolulu) Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Health Survey, Source:

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POPULATION: PAST AND PRESENT Table 1.06 Native Hawaiiana Veteran Status by Area: 2000.

Native Hawaiians Period of Service County State of United Hawai‘i Honolulu Kaua‘i Maui Hawai‘i States August 1990 or later 207 1,159 79 147 1,592 5,079 (inc. Persian Gulf War) Served in Vietnam era 20 157 3 — 180 614 No Vietnam era service 187 1,002 76 147 1,412 ,465 May 1975 to July 1990 655 1,864 164 438 3,121 6,455 only Vietnam era no Korean 1,178 3,900 367 669 6,114 10,696 War no World War II no August 1990 or later Vietnam era and Korean 46 232 10 41 329 639 War no World War II no August 1990 or later Vietnam era Korean 2 98 — — 100 226 War and World War II no August 1990 or later February 1955 to July 192 1,298 45 155 1,690 3,014 1964 only Korean War no Vietnam 311 1,179 51 112 1,653 2,567 era no World War II Korean War and World 27 97 — 11 135 204 War II no Vietnam era World War II no Korean 295 1,123 64 148 1,630 2,321 War no Vietnam era Other service only 23 146 10 13 192 267 Total 2,936 11,096 790 1,734 16,556 31,468

a Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Note: For Census 2000 the question on race was revised to allow respondents the option to self-identify themselves by selecting one or more races to indicate their racial identities. The table uses the “alone or in any combination” totals.

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 4 (SF 4) (April 29 2003).

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POPULATION: PAST AND PRESENT Table 1.07 Race/Ethnicity of Occupants of Hawaiian Homestead Lands in Hawai‘i: 2010.

Race

One race

Hawaiian Homesteads (of any race) Total Asian White Islander Total population Total American Hispanic or Latino Two or More Races or More Two Black or African Native Hawaiian American Indian and Other Pacific Some Other Race and Alaska Native Anahola (Agricultural) 257 171 44 1 7 15 103 1 86 25 Anahola (Residential) 1,566 936 163 3 5 90 672 3 630 159 East Kapolei 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Haÿikü 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hanapëpë 25 20 4 0 3 12 1 0 5 3 Homu‘ula-Upper Pi‘ihonua 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 Honokäia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Honoköwai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Honolulu Makai 13 11 2 1 0 3 5 0 2 3 Honomü 6 6 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Hoÿolehua-Pälä‘au 1,292 692 59 6 1 45 577 4 600 84 Kahikinui 3 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 Kakaina-Kumuhau 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kala‘eloa 10 5 1 0 0 3 1 0 5 1 Kalamaÿula 300 165 14 0 1 24 126 0 135 17 Kalaupapa 90 76 24 0 0 7 44 1 14 1 Kaläwahine 319 154 16 0 2 41 94 1 165 33 Kamäÿoa-Puÿuÿeo 14 7 1 1 0 0 5 0 7 1 Kamiloloa-Makakupa‘ia 85 40 2 0 0 1 37 0 45 0 Kamoku-Kapulena 46 34 3 0 1 15 14 1 12 5 Kanehili 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ka‘ohe-ÿÖlaÿa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kapaÿa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kapaÿakea 141 83 6 0 0 0 77 0 58 1 Kapolei 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kaümana 111 42 7 0 1 10 23 1 69 21 Kaupe‘a 1,387 675 40 7 0 60 552 16 712 226 Kawaihae 407 194 34 0 0 10 150 0 213 26 Keahuolü 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kealakehe 759 352 48 1 2 39 252 10 407 86

Continued …

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POPULATION: PAST AND PRESENT Table 1.07 Race/Ethnicity of Occupants of Hawaiian Homestead Lands in Hawai‘i: 2010.

Race

One race

Hawaiian Homesteads Total (of any race) Asian White Islander Total population Total American Hispanic or Latino Two or More Races or More Two Black or African Native Hawaiian American Indian and Other Pacific Some Other Race and Alaska Native

Ke‘anae-Waialua 17 11 4 0 0 1 6 0 6 0 Keaukaha 1,58 913 54 1 3 60 794 1 671 148 Kekaha 483 277 21 0 0 24 231 1 206 25 Këökea (Agricultural) 24 21 13 0 0 6 2 0 3 1 Keoniki 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kewalo 261 156 4 0 1 16 135 0 105 12 Kolaoa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lälämilo 64 41 3 0 0 10 28 0 23 6 Länaÿi City 85 31 6 0 0 7 18 0 54 3 Leiali‘i 328 190 23 0 0 7 160 0 138 12 Lualualei 58 26 5 1 0 2 18 0 32 4 Mäÿili 323 172 13 3 0 16 137 3 151 61 Mäkaha Valley 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 Makuÿu 113 77 15 0 0 7 49 6 36 16 Maluöhai 1,178 553 29 2 0 102 416 4 625 79 Moloaÿa 6 6 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Nänäkuli 5,370 2,997 143 13 3 183 2,639 16 2,373 457 Nienie 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Panaÿewa (Agricultural) 664 366 50 1 1 36 276 2 298 68 Panaÿewa (Residential) 1,091 555 40 1 3 42 469 0 536 76 Papakölea 1,215 667 29 2 1 83 546 6 548 88 Pauahi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paukükalo 818 501 31 1 0 49 419 1 317 82 Pearl City 99 92 61 12 0 8 0 11 7 17 Piÿihonua 46 35 1 0 0 4 30 0 11 0 Ponohawai‘i 21 11 0 0 0 8 2 1 10 1 Princess Kahanu Estates 1,128 592 47 2 3 54 485 1 536 101 Pulehunui 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Puÿukapu 898 499 65 2 2 35 395 0 399 87 South Maui 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Continued …

2011 NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK | oha.org ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 37

POPULATION Table 1.07 Race/Ethnicity of Occupants of Hawaiian Homestead Lands in Hawai‘i: 2010

Race

One race

Hawaiian Homesteads Total (of any race) Race Asian White Native Total population Total American and Other Hispanic or Latino and Alaska Some Other Pacific Islander Two or More Races or More Two Black or African Native Hawaiian American Indian

‘Ualapu‘e 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Upolu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Waiähole 27 16 5 0 0 5 5 1 11 2 Waiäkea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Waiÿanae 2,201 1,237 67 10 2 90 1,065 3 964 279 Waiÿanae Kai 609 342 15 4 0 21 302 0 267 56 Waiehu 1,330 721 72 7 4 72 559 7 609 154 Waiku-Häna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wailau 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wailua 17 15 5 4 0 1 5 0 2 1 Waimänalo 3,048 1,694 77 7 1 100 1,499 10 1,354 242 Waimanu 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Waimea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wai‘öhinu 6 6 3 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 Waiohuli (Residential) 904 485 67 4 2 35 372 5 419 90 Total 5,916 3,263 239 26 7 230 2,737 24 2,653 545

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census. 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables P1 and P2.

oha.org | 2011 KA PUKE ‘IKEPILI O NÄ ‘ÖIWI HAWAI‘I 38 ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 9.9 5.8 9.7 5.9 7.7 7.1 8.5 3.4 13.2 12.0 16.0 16.7 11.5 33.3 17.7 28.9 21.4 11.8 15.2 16.3 10.6 10.4 33.3 14.9 14.1 % 4 0 0 1 1 0 3 7 1 8 9 6 2 34 53 26 24 10 23 11 80 43 74 37 39 28 Over 65 188 148 165 No. 0.0 26.5 25.7 12.0 66.7 38.5 83.3 23.5 66.7 26.0 41.1 38.2 14.3 25.9 32.6 29.8 21.6 19.1 29.2 27.0 35.3 27.8 23.6 29.2 24.5 39.1 27.1 25.3 22.4 % 3 2 5 5 2 0 2 6 7 68 78 37 22 15 42 24 64 25 23 83 13 403 303 122 265 119 205 441 114 Age 45-64 No. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.6 24.0 38.5 23.0 26.7 23.5 42.9 18.8 17.4 19.1 32.4 41.2 20.8 23.4 15.6 27.1 25.9 25.0 22.4 29.9 25.3 24.2 22.9 28.0 28.4 % 6 0 5 0 0 0 6 8 7 5 71 69 24 75 16 27 36 61 10 23 15 93 392 290 415 103 184 363 135 Age 25-44 Age Cohorts No. 7.7 0.0 0.0 7.7 3.3 8.2 0.0 2.2 9.0 9.7 8.8 9.9 0.0 8.9 0.0 7.1 6.1 10.5 20.0 33.3 10.0 15.3 13.5 12.6 10.9 10.3 11.3 10.0 10.9 % 5 1 1 0 0 1 3 0 1 0 0 7 6 6 27 23 26 13 19 10 33 36 75 43 20 177 129 134 173 Age 18-24 No. POPULATION 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.2 25.9 28.0 15.4 32.7 90.0 25.7 22.6 21.4 28.2 32.6 21.3 27.0 35.5 26.0 29.1 17.6 27.9 31.9 16.7 24.5 20.3 31.8 31.7 37.9 % 7 0 2 0 0 9 0 3 3 4 57 77 72 24 15 30 30 64 13 27 22 406 422 493 106 221 442 154 104 Age 0-17 No. 3 6 3 25 13 10 90 14 85 46 17 24 64 85 58 257 300 319 141 111 407 759 483 261 328 1,566 1,292 1,387 1,584 Total Total Population Age of Occupants Hawaiian Homestead Lands in Hawai‘i: 2010. Hawaiian Home Land Anahola (Agricultural) Anahola (Residential) Hanapëpë Piÿihonua Homu‘ula-Upper Honolulu Makai Honomü Hoÿolehua-Pälä‘au Kahikinui Kala‘eloa Kalamaÿula Kalaupapa Kaläwahine Kamäÿoa-Puÿuÿeo Kamiloloa-Makakupa‘ia Kamoku-Kapulena Kapaÿakea Kaümana Kaupe‘a Kawaihae Kealakehe -Wailua Keÿanae Keaukaha Kekaha (Agricultural) Këökea Kewalo Lälämilo Länaÿi City Leiali‘i Lualualei Table 1.08 Table

2011 NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK | oha.org ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 39 1.5 0.0 8.8 5.3 0.0 9.3 9.5 3.0 4.8 9.4 0.0 8.7 8.3 5.9 0.0 6.7 10.3 11.6 13.0 12.1 19.6 15.3 11.1 12.3 14.5 33.3 % 5 0 0 3 9 1 0 3 1 0 2 10 62 63 99 75 61 Over 65 502 127 158 106 137 191 110 442 3,192 No. 8.7 0.0 4.0 24.5 31.9 18.5 33.3 23.1 24.2 25.1 25.3 21.5 26.1 28.6 28.8 23.2 33.3 21.6 24.6 25.9 35.3 27.7 50.0 50.0 24.1 % 100.0 0 2 4 6 2 9 6 1 3 28 36 12 218 161 274 308 176 325 208 475 150 344 843 218 Age 45-64 7,549 1,242 No. 0.0 25.1 50.0 24.8 33.3 25.5 43.4 28.3 28.6 18.5 23.5 50.0 16.7 19.8 27.8 23.6 23.4 24.4 22.9 22.3 25.8 27.4 25.3 26.2 23.2 27.9 % 2 2 6 0 5 4 1 1 28 43 13 64 328 157 255 296 187 252 232 603 154 348 706 252 Age 25-44 7,750 1,372 Age Cohorts No. 0.0 0.0 9.2 4.0 2.2 4.8 6.8 0.0 9.6 0.0 8.8 0.0 0.0 9.2 10.1 13.3 10.9 11.1 13.0 10.4 10.1 11.0 11.6 11.5 10.4 10.2 % 0 0 4 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 15 42 61 95 61 62 83 584 122 110 134 130 229 128 269 Age 18-24 3,103 No. POPULATION 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 57.0 50.0 21.2 38.0 33.3 31.1 33.4 29.8 26.3 31.9 45.5 23.9 33.3 27.9 29.0 25.9 31.9 27.6 30.1 35.3 25.9 32.1 % 2 2 7 0 7 6 0 0 24 45 11 184 448 222 325 319 261 315 260 703 168 400 788 290 Age 0-17 9,264 1,670 No. 4 6 2 2 6 99 46 21 27 17 323 113 664 818 898 609 904 1,178 5,370 1,091 1,215 1,128 2,201 1,330 3,048 30,858 Total Total Population Age of Occupants Hawaiian Homestead Lands in Hawai‘i: 2010. Hawaiian Home Land Mäÿili Valley Mäkaha Makuÿu Malu‘öhai Moloaÿa Nänäkuli (Agricultural) Panaÿewa (Residential) Panaÿewa Papakölea Paukükalo City Pearl Piÿihonua Ponohawai‘i Princess Estates Kahanu Puÿukapu ‘Ualapu‘e Waiähole Waiÿanae Kai Waiÿanae Waiehu Wailua Waimänalo Waimanu Wai‘öhinu (Residential) Waiohuli Total The "%" cols show age cohort as % of total pop, while "% Female" is the that female data using acs2010.hipros in dpro2010/Tools setup in age_report.sas from Report generated by MO Census Data Center on 23MAY11 P1 and P2 2010 Census. Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables U.S. Census Bureau, Source: Table 1.08 Table

oha.org | 2011 KA PUKE ‘IKEPILI O NÄ ‘ÖIWI HAWAI‘I 40 ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 3.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 33.3 Rental 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tenure 10.8 17.9 Vacancy Rate Vacancy Owner 2 0 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 3 2 4 0 1 9 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 14 15 Seasonal 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 For Rent Or Rented Vacant Units Vacant 5 0 1 1 0 1 6 1 2 6 3 6 5 1 6 0 2 0 3 7 2 1 2 0 50 37 42 16 25 Total 1 0 4 3 3 5 8 8 2 0 5 6 6 62 11 36 86 11 17 10 17 18 39 65 76 36 21 212 149 Rental 2 0 2 0 1 9 0 14 11 68 36 16 62 85 52 195 264 308 124 106 366 694 447 240 323 POPULATION 1,345 1,124 1,369 1,506 Persons in Units Owner 3 1 0 1 0 1 5 3 6 0 55 80 90 17 12 36 33 49 21 23 89 11 347 300 320 119 203 379 108 Owner Occupied 7 2 0 3 1 7 7 9 1 81 93 69 94 24 15 42 35 51 22 23 91 13 426 352 326 131 219 407 114 Occupied Units Total 7 3 1 3 2 9 7 9 1 86 99 95 30 18 48 40 54 29 25 92 15 476 389 111 327 147 225 432 116 Total Total Units Housing Housing Units on Hawaiian Homestead Lands in Hawai‘i: 2010. Land Hawaiian Home Anahola (Agricultural) Anahola (Residential) Hanapëpë Homu‘ula-Upper Pi‘ihonua Homu‘ula-Upper Honokaia Honomü Ho‘olehua-Pälä‘au Kahikinui Kalama‘ula Kalaupapa Kaläwahine Kamä‘oa-Pu‘ue‘o Kamiloloa-Makakupa‘ia Kamoku-Kapulena Kapa‘akea Kaümana Kaupe‘a Kawaihae Kealakehe Keanae-Wailua Keaukaha Kekaha Këökea (Agricultural) Këökea Kewalo Lälämilo Läna‘i City Leiali‘i Lualualei Mäÿili Table 1.09 Table

2011 NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK | oha.org ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 41

0.0 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Rental

0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 Tenure 100.0 Vacancy Rate Vacancy Owner 0 4 0 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 5 16 121 Seasonal 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 For Rent Or Rented Vacant Units Vacant 0 7 3 1 1 7 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 3 1 6 2 0 0 16 15 23 20 344 Total 4 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 35 90 88 32 33 98 16 21 83 13 20 94 35 343 250 147 225 2,548 Rental 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 78 30 21 14 835 574 777 815 589 869 POPULATION 5,100 1,003 1,183 1,107 2,054 1,236 2,777 27,844 Persons in Units Owner 0 2 0 1 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 3 31 13 185 965 145 262 245 156 264 230 411 143 330 547 223 6,476 Owner Occupied 1 2 0 4 0 1 0 8 0 1 3 41 28 17 251 172 289 256 169 270 259 443 148 350 658 237 1,021 7,294 Occupied Units Total 1 3 1 4 2 1 2 8 1 1 3 48 28 17 254 187 290 263 171 270 282 446 149 356 660 257 1,037 7,638 Total Total Units Housing Housing Units on Hawaiian Homestead Lands in Hawai‘i: 2010. Land Hawaiian Home Mäkaha Valley Mäkaha Makuÿu Malu‘öhai Moloaÿa Nänäkuli Pana‘ewa (Agricultural) Pana‘ewa Pana‘ewa (Residential) Pana‘ewa Papakölea Pauahi Paukükalo Pearl City Pearl Piÿihonua Ponohawai‘i Princess Estates Kahanu Puÿukapu South Maui ‘Ualapu‘e Upolu Waiähole Waiäkea Waiÿanae Waianae Kai Waianae Waiehu Waimänalo Waimanu Wai‘öhinu Waiohuli (Residential) Waiohuli Total data using acs2010.hipros in dpro2010/Tools setup in huocctenure_report.sas from Report generated by MO Census Data Center on 23MAY11 P1 and P2 2010 Census. Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables U.S. Census Bureau, Source: Table 1.09 Table

oha.org | 2011 KA PUKE ‘IKEPILI O NÄ ‘ÖIWI HAWAI‘I 42 ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION

POPULATION Table 1.10 Households on Hawaiian Homestead Lands in Hawai‘i: 2010.

Total Persons In Average Persons in Hawaiian Home Land Households Households Household Size Group Quarters Anahola (Agricultural) 81 257 3.2 0 Anahola (Residential) 426 1,557 3.7 9 Hanapëpë 7 25 3.6 0 Homu‘ula-Upper Piÿihonua 2 3 1.5 0 Honolulu Makai 0 0 0.0 13 Honomü 3 6 2.0 0 Hoÿolehua-Pälä‘au 352 1,273 3.6 19 Kahikinui 1 3 3.0 0 Kala‘eloa 0 0 0.0 10 Kalamaÿula 93 300 3.2 0 Kalaupapa 69 87 1.3 3 Kaläwahine 94 319 3.4 0 Kamäÿoa-Puÿuÿeo 7 14 2.0 0 Kamiloloa-Makakupa‘ia 24 85 3.5 0 Kamoku-Kapulena 15 46 3.1 0 Kapaÿakea 42 141 3.4 0 Kaümana 35 111 3.2 0 Kaupe‘a 326 1,387 4.3 0 Kawaihae 131 405 3.1 2 Kealakehe 219 759 3.5 0 Keÿanae-Wailua 7 17 2.4 0 Keaukaha 407 1,582 3.9 2 Kekaha 114 483 4.2 0 Këökea (Agricultural) 9 24 2.7 0 Kewalo 51 261 5.1 0 Lälämilo 22 64 2.9 0 Länaÿi City 23 85 3.7 0 Leiali‘i 91 328 3.6 0 Lualualei 13 58 4.5 0 Mäÿili 1 6 6.0 317 Mäkaha Valley 1 4 4.0 0 Makuÿu 41 113 2.8 0 Malu‘öhai 251 1,178 4.7 0 Moloaÿa 2 6 3.0 0 Nänäkuli 1,021 5,350 5.2 20

Continued …

2011 NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK | oha.org ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 43

POPULATION Table 1.10 Households on Hawaiian Homestead Lands in Hawai‘i: 2010. Average Persons In Persons in Group Hawaiian Home Land Total Households Household Households Quarters Size Nänäkuli 1,021 5,350 5.2 20 Panaÿewa (Agricultural) 172 664 3.9 0 Panaÿewa (Residential) 289 1,091 3.8 0 Papakölea 256 1,215 4.8 0 Paukükalo 169 810 4.8 8 Pearl City 28 99 3.5 0 Piÿihonua 17 46 2.7 0 Ponohawai‘i 4 21 5.3 0 Princess Kahanu Estates 270 1,128 4.2 0 Puÿukapu 259 898 3.5 0 ‘Ualapu‘e 1 2 2.0 0 Waiähole 8 27 3.4 0 Waiÿanae 443 2,201 5.0 0 Waiÿanae Kai 148 609 4.1 0 Waiehu 350 1,330 3.8 0 Wailua 0 0 0.0 17 Waimänalo 658 3,002 4.6 46 Waimanu 1 2 2.0 0 Wai‘öhinu 3 6 2.0 0 Waiohuli (Residential) 237 904 3.8 0 Total 7,294 30,392 4.2 466

All Household type percentages are of Total Households Report generated by MO Census Data Center on 23MAY11 from setup in hhgqs_report.sas in dpro2010/Tools using acs2010.hipros data

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census. 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables P1 and P2

oha.org | 2011 KA PUKE ‘IKEPILI O NÄ ‘ÖIWI HAWAI‘I 44 ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 0.0 0.0 7.5 4.3 7.4 0.0 4.2 6.7 4.8 6.7 5.0 6.4 6.1 0.0 5.9 8.7 9.9 11.3 28.6 11.4 11.5 14.3 13.6 % 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 7 0 1 1 2 4 1 7 0 3 3 2 9 48 26 22 15 11 26 Partners Unmarried No. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.5 8.6 5.8 0.0 5.3 8.7 7.7 22.2 14.6 50.0 13.6 15.1 73.9 42.9 16.7 13.3 21.4 18.3 14.6 11.5 55.6 11.8 13.6 % 0 1 0 0 0 0 8 3 4 2 9 3 0 6 5 6 3 2 7 18 62 48 14 51 19 24 32 47 Living Alone No. 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.0 7.1 8.0 7.6 8.2 8.1 0.0 9.1 4.3 8.8 10.3 28.6 11.6 10.8 12.5 20.0 14.3 14.3 10.5 11.8 % 7 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 3 3 5 1 0 6 2 1 8 44 41 10 26 10 18 33 12 No. Single Parent 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.6 48.8 14.3 57.4 58.1 11.6 64.9 42.9 54.2 46.7 45.2 65.7 71.5 51.1 65.8 57.1 53.6 58.8 33.3 49.0 59.1 82.6 62.6 100.0 % Households by Type 1 0 0 3 0 0 8 3 7 4 3 41 54 61 13 19 23 67 67 25 13 19 57 208 202 233 144 218 Husband Wife No. POPULATION 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.5 32.4 42.9 34.1 31.2 36.2 14.3 37.5 33.3 19.0 40.0 52.5 24.4 38.8 14.3 24.3 39.5 27.5 22.7 39.1 36.3 % 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 5 8 1 0 5 9 Kids 19 29 34 14 32 85 99 45 14 33 138 120 171 No. Families With Household Types on Hawaiian Homestead Lands in Hawai‘i: 2010. Household Types 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.4 79.6 83.0 80.6 18.8 86.2 79.2 86.7 78.6 85.7 91.7 76.3 81.3 86.2 93.9 88.2 86.4 91.3 86.8 50.0 57.1 44.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 % 7 1 0 3 0 0 4 7 4 57 75 13 81 19 13 33 30 45 19 21 79 339 292 299 100 178 351 107 Families No. Table 1.11 Table Hawaiian Home Land Anahola (Agricultural) Anahola (Residential) Hanapëpë Piÿihonua Homu‘ula-Upper Honolulu Makai Honomü Hoÿolehu – Päläÿau Kahikinui Kala‘eloa Kalamaÿula Kalaupapa Kaläwahine Kamäÿoa -Puÿuÿeo Kamiloloa-Makakupa‘ia Kamoku-Kapulena Kapaÿakea Kaümana Kaupe‘a Kawaihae Kealakehe Keÿanae-Wailua Keaukaha Kekaha (Agricultural) Këökea Kewalo Lälämilo Länaÿi City Leiali‘i Continued … Continued

2011 NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK | oha.org ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 45 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 0.0 0.0 7.5 4.3 7.4 0.0 4.2 6.7 4.8 6.7 5.0 6.4 6.1 0.0 5.9 8.7 9.9 7.7 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 6.5 8.1 5.5 7.0 6.5 0.0 5.9 0.0 4.8 8.9 0.0 0.0 9.9 8.8 9.7 0.0 4.1 0.0 9.3 7.2 11.3 28.6 11.4 11.5 14.3 13.6 12.2 % 100.0 % 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 7 0 1 1 2 4 1 7 0 3 3 2 9 1 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 48 26 22 15 11 26 10 66 14 16 18 11 13 23 44 13 34 27 22 524 Partners Partners Unmarried Unmarried No. No. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.5 8.6 5.8 0.0 5.3 8.7 7.7 7.7 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 8.1 9.8 7.7 0.0 8.5 0.0 3.6 9.5 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.2 14.6 50.0 13.6 15.1 73.9 42.9 16.7 13.3 21.4 18.3 14.6 11.5 55.6 11.8 13.6 19.5 13.4 11.4 10.7 17.6 15.8 12.5 15.3 11.0 11.4 % % 0 1 0 0 0 0 8 3 4 2 9 3 0 6 5 6 3 2 7 1 0 0 8 0 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 18 62 48 14 51 19 24 32 47 12 83 23 33 25 13 23 41 16 14 31 26 101 831 Living Alone Living Alone No. No. 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.0 7.1 8.0 7.6 8.2 8.1 0.0 9.1 4.3 8.8 0.0 0.0 7.3 0.0 8.6 5.1 7.7 7.1 7.0 6.2 0.0 0.0 5.4 9.7 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 8.7 10.3 28.6 11.6 10.8 12.5 20.0 14.3 14.3 10.5 11.8 15.4 11.6 14.5 11.4 17.6 25.0 10.2 10.5 % % 2 0 0 3 0 2 3 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 7 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 3 3 5 1 0 6 2 1 8 29 88 25 33 13 13 19 16 45 34 40 25 44 41 10 26 10 18 33 12 637 No. No. Single Parent Single Parent 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.9 53.7 71.7 54.4 48.3 55.4 45.3 56.8 78.6 47.1 75.0 64.4 51.0 75.0 62.5 52.0 64.0 44.8 66.7 62.9 56.1 50.6 48.8 14.3 57.4 58.1 11.6 64.9 42.9 54.2 46.7 45.2 65.7 71.5 51.1 65.8 57.1 53.6 58.8 33.3 49.0 59.1 82.6 62.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 % % Households by Type 1 1 2 8 3 1 6 0 0 2 Households by Type 10 22 83 96 22 77 1 0 0 3 0 0 8 3 7 4 3 180 555 160 116 174 132 277 224 295 149 41 54 61 13 19 23 67 67 25 13 19 57 208 202 233 144 218 4,089 Husband Wife No. Husband Wife No. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.5 29.3 57.4 50.0 29.8 40.7 30.8 23.0 34.3 75.0 29.4 50.0 30.0 30.5 37.5 37.7 25.7 42.9 22.8 43.9 33.2 POPULATION POPULATION 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 23.5 32.4 42.9 34.1 31.2 36.2 14.3 37.5 33.3 19.0 40.0 52.5 24.4 38.8 14.3 24.3 39.5 27.5 22.7 39.1 36.3 % % 8 1 1 1 5 2 0 3 0 0 0 12 70 89 59 58 21 81 79 38 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 5 8 1 0 5 9 144 304 167 150 150 104 Kids 19 29 34 14 32 85 99 45 14 33 138 120 171 2,421 No. No. Families With Families with Kids Household Types on Hawaiian Homestead Lands in Hawai‘i: 2010. Household Types 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.4 79.6 83.0 80.6 18.8 86.2 79.2 86.7 78.6 85.7 91.7 76.3 81.3 86.2 93.9 88.2 86.4 91.3 86.8 50.0 57.1 44.4 92.3 73.2 94.4 90.0 82.0 86.9 88.3 91.1 89.3 76.5 89.6 79.9 87.5 93.2 83.8 86.9 83.1 84.4 85.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 % 7 1 0 3 0 0 4 7 4 1 1 2 4 1 7 0 0 3 57 75 13 81 19 13 33 30 45 19 21 79 12 30 25 13 339 292 299 100 178 351 107 237 919 141 251 226 154 242 207 413 124 304 547 200 Families 6,241 Families No. No. Household Types on Hawaiian Homestead Lands in Hawai‘i: 2010. Household Types Hawaiian Home Land Table 1.11 Table Hawaiian Home Land Anahola (Agricultural) Anahola (Residential) Hanapëpë Piÿihonua Homu‘ula-Upper Honolulu Makai Honomü Hoÿolehu – Päläÿau Kahikinui Kala‘eloa Kalamaÿula Kalaupapa Kaläwahine Kamäÿoa -Puÿuÿeo Kamiloloa-Makakupa‘ia Kamoku-Kapulena Kapaÿakea Kaümana Kaupe‘a Kawaihae Kealakehe Keÿanae-Wailua Keaukaha Kekaha (Agricultural) Këökea Kewalo Lälämilo Länaÿi City Leiali‘i Table 1.11 Table Lualualei Mäÿili Valley Mäkaha Makuÿu Malu‘öhai Moloaÿa Nänäkuli (Agricultural) Panaÿewa Panaÿewa (Residential) Panaÿewa Papakölea Papakölea Paukükalo City Pearl Piÿihonua Ponohawai‘i Princess Estates Kahanu Puÿukapu ‘Ualapu‘e Waiähole Waiÿanae Waiÿanae Kai Waiÿanae Waiehu Wailua Waimänalo Waimanu Wai‘öhinu (Residential) Waiohuli Total data using acs2010.hipros in dpro2010/Tools setup in hhgqs_report.sas from Report generated by MO Census Data Center on 23MAY11 P1 and P2 2010 Census. Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables U.S. Census Bureau, Source: Continued … Continued

oha.org | 2011 KA PUKE ‘IKEPILI O NÄ ‘ÖIWI HAWAI‘I 46 ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION

5.2% 66.1% 16.8% 11.9% b % 42,805 30,390 13,156 168,560 254,911 Native Hawaiian No.

4.9% 72.4% 12.3% 10.4% % Hawai‘i Health Survey: 2000 56,354 Total Population Total 837,342 141,840 120,478 No. 1,156,014

5.6% 63.9% 17.9% 12.5% a % 43,010 29,952 13,511 153,117 239,655 Native Hawaiian No. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

4.8% 72.3% 12.3% 10.6% % U.S. Census: 2000 58,463 58,463 Total Population Total 876,156 876,156 148,677 128,241 No. 1,211,537 The Native Hawaiian Population Distribution of the State Hawai‘i by County: 2000. County Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Note: For Census 2000, the question on race was revised to allow respondents the option to to allow was revised race For Census 2000, the question on Note: Bureau of the Census. U.S. by the as defined Hawaiian byexamined the ancestry of the parents each individual as provided Health Survey The Hawai‘i Health Survey. by the Hawai‘i as defined Hawaiian Honolulu Hawai‘i Maui Kaua‘i Total a totals. combination” “alone or in any uses the The table identities. to indicate their racial selecting one or more races by self-identify themselves b The data is based on a sample and subject Note: composition of his parents. of each individual is based on the racial Racial background that individual. to sampling variability. Table 1.12 Table U.S., Bureau of the Census. Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002). Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Hawai‘i Health Survey, 2000. (Honolulu) of the Census. Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002). Hawai‘i State, Department Health, Health Survey, U.S., Bureau Source: of the City and County Honolulu. environment population resides in the urbanized Hawaiian • Nearly of the Native two-third

2011 NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK | oha.org ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 47 Hawai‘i County U.S. Census: 43,010 HHS: 42,805

Maui County U.S. Census: 29,952 HHS: 30,390 Continental U.S. U.S. Census: 161,507 Kaua‘i County U.S. Census: 13,511 HHS: 13,156 Honolulu County U.S. Census: 153,117 HHS: 168,560 Figure 1.12 Native Hawaiian Population Distribution: 2000 Figure Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF2) (January 16, 2002). U.S. Bureau Source: 2000 Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, HEalth Survey, Total U.S. Census: Total Hawai‘i: 239,655 Continental U.S.: 161,507 DOH Hawai‘i Health Survey, Total Hawai‘i: 254,911

oha.org | 2011 KA PUKE ‘IKEPILI O NÄ ‘ÖIWI HAWAI‘I 48 ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION — 17.5% 35.2% 15.6% 21.8% 26.3% 72.3% % — Honolulu No. 876,156 153,117 308,838 136,330 191,393 230,044 — 9.1% 4.8% 23.1% 46.4% 31.7% 21.4% % — Kaua‘i 5,307 13,511 18,522 12,498 No. 58,463 27,113 — County 9.0% 23.4% 48.9% 26.9% 16.6% 10.6% % Maui — No. 29,952 62,688 11,511 34,445 128,241 21,305 — 28.9% 52.1% 11.8% 21.1% 22.1% 12.3% % — Hawai‘i 17,536 No. 43,010 77,477 31,354 32,815 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 148,677

— % 19.8% 39.3% 14.1% 22.8% 24.5% Census Bureau, Racial/Ethnic Composition of the State Hawai‘i by County: 2000. Census Bureau, — No. State of Hawai‘i 239,655 476,162 170,684 275,728 296,674 1,211,537 a Race/Ethnicity Table 1.13 Table Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. “The Concept of race as used by the Census Bureau reflects self-identification; it does not denote any clear-cut scientific reflects self-identification; it does not denote any clear-cut of the Census. “The Concept race as used by Census Bureau Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau Total a races to respondents the option to self-identify themselves by selecting one or more revised to allow definition of biological stock.” Note: For Census 2000, the question on race was indicate their racial identities. The table uses the “alone or in any combination” totals. of the Census. by the U.S. Bureau add over 100% due to duplicate counting. Data is as reported NOTE: Percents Native Hawaiian Hawaiian Native Caucasian Chinese Filipino Japanese Others Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census. Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002). U.S., Bureau Source:

2011 NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK | oha.org ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 49 19% Native 29,952 Hawaiian 13% 21,305 Japanese 39% 62,688 Caucasian Hawai‘i County 13% 21,305 Filipino 7% 11,511 Chinese 38% 30% 77,477 Maui County 308,838 21% Native 43,010 Caucasian Caucasian Hawaiian 15% Native 153,117 Hawaiian 13% 136,330 Chinese 16% 32,815 23% Japanese 230,044 16% Japanese 31,354 Filipino 19% 9% Filipino 191,393 17,536 Chinese

Census 2000 Honolulu County (SF 2) January 16, 2002) 35% 27,113 18% Caucasian Native 13,511 Hawaiian Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census. U.S., Bureau Source: Summary File 2 16% 12,498 7% Japanese 5,307 Chinese 24% 18,522 Filipino Kaua‘i County Figure 1.13 Racial Composition of Figure Hawai‘i by County 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau):

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8.3% 22.9% 15.9% 16.2% 25.3% 11.4% % Honolulu 73,042 No. 201,331 140,196 142,628 223,050 100,060 880,307

1.6% 7.6% 27.4% 26.9% 21.8% 14.7% % Kaua‘i 1006 9,213 4,748 17,198 16,845 13,659 62,669 No.

County 1.7% 24.8% 33.2% 19.0% 11.3% 10.0% % Maui 2,428 35,337 47,287 27,159 16,186 14,228 No. 142,625

2.6% 9.6% 30.2% 32.3% 14.3% 11.1% % Hawai‘i 4,422 51,971 55,498 16,540 24,565 19,007 No. 172,003 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

6.4% % 24.3% 20.7% 15.9% 21.7% 11.0% The Racial Composition (Hawai‘i Health Survey) of the State Hawai‘i by County: 2000. 80,898 305,837 259,826 199,986 273,014 138,043 No. State of Hawai‘i 1,257,604 a Race/Ethnicity Table 1.14 Table Hawaiian as defined by the Hawai‘i Health Survey. The Hawai‘i Health Survey examines the ancestry of the parents of each individual as provided by that individual. Racial background by that individual. Racial background of each individual as provided The Hawai‘i Health Survey examines the ancestry of parents Hawaiian as defined by the Hawai‘i Health Survey. Native Hawaiian Hawaiian Native Caucasian Chinese Filipino Japanese Others Total a Note: The data is based on a sample and subject to sampling variability. of each individual is based on the racial composition his or her parents. Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Hawai‘i Health Survey, 2000. (Honolulu) Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Health Survey, Source:

2011 NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK | oha.org ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 51 11% 16,186 10% Japanese 14,228 Others 19% 27,159 Filipino 25% Native 35,337 Hawai‘i County Hawaiian 2% 2,428 Chinese 33% 47,287 Caucasian 12% Others 100,060 23% Native 201,331 Hawaiian 30% Native 51,971 Hawaiian Maui County 33% 47,287 25% 16% 223,050 Caucasian 140,196 Japanese Caucasian 11% 19,007 Others 16% Filipino 142,628 14% 24,565 Japanese 8% 73,042 3% Chinese 4,422 Chinese 10% 16,540 Filipino Honolulu County 27% Native 17,198 Hawaiian 7% 4,748 Others 27% Source: Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Hawai‘i Health Survey, 2000. Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Health Survey, Source: 16,845 Caucasian 15% 9,213 Japanese 22% 13,659 Filipino 2% 1,006 Kaua‘i County Chinese Figure 1.14 Racial Composition of Figure Hawai‘i by County 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau):

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GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Table 1.15 The Native Hawaiian Population in the United States: 1990 and 2000.

2000 Census Region 1990 Census >1 - 17 years 18 - 65 years 65 and older TOTAL Pacific Alaska 934 805 1,036 37 1,878 California 34,447 20,662 36,235 3,151 60,048 Hawai‘i 138,742 92,219 132,805 14,631 239,655 Oregon 2,415 2,309 3,832 225 6,366 Washington 5,423 4,913 8,204 390 13,507 Mountain Nevada 1,534 2,739 5,125 400 8,264 Arizona 1,690 1,840 2,893 173 4,906 New Mexico 408 495 714 52 1,261 Colorado 1,368 1,419 2,468 103 3,990 Utah 1,396 1,561 1,992 89 3,642 Wyoming 93 93 130 10 233 Idaho 476 448 645 46 1,139 Montana 179 193 305 31 529 W. North Central North Dakota 76 48 77 7 132 South Dakota 74 86 115 6 207 Nebraska 243 179 349 15 543 Kansas 422 377 576 44 997 Minnesota 383 463 1,012 51 1,526 Iowa 244 248 432 19 699 Missouri 621 568 974 78 1,620 W. South Central Texas 2,979 2,665 4,777 333 7,775 Oklahoma 712 683 1,173 76 1,932 Arkansas 226 245 424 49 718 Louisiana 411 275 526 49 850 East North Central Wisconsin 371 384 708 51 1,143 Illinois 1,000 795 1,571 140 2,506 Indiana 528 469 867 66 1,402 Ohio 785 724 1,168 97 1,989 Michigan 787 728 1,243 87 2,058

Continued …

2011 NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK | oha.org ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 53

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Table 1.15 The Native Hawaiian Population in the United States: 1990 and 2000.

Continued … 2000 Census Region 1990 Census >1 - 17 years 18 - 65 years 65 and older TOTAL East South Central Kentucky 338 274 530 41 845 Tennessee 503 437 797 68 1,302 Mississippi 166 150 326 29 505 Alabama 343 253 517 63 833 South Atlantic Georgia 847 734 1,362 87 2,183 Florida 2,049 1,725 3,257 303 5,285 South Carolina 426 363 640 53 1,056 North Carolina 963 830 1,481 79 2,390 Virginia 1,384 932 1,783 80 2,795 West Virginia 91 76 168 20 264 District of Columbia 101 36 185 10 231 Maryland 636 488 894 93 1,475 Delaware 65 46 85 9 140 Middle Atlantic New York 1,496 1,089 2,414 255 3,758 Pennsylvania 859 686 1,232 133 2,051 New Jersey 638 477 930 94 1,501 North Atlantic Maine 115 90 141 12 243 Vermont 25 21 45 10 76 New Hampshire 116 92 160 14 266 Massachusetts 505 373 915 68 1,356 Rhode Island 112 98 197 16 311 Connecticut 269 256 484 41 781 Total US 211,014 148,159 230,919 22,084 401,162

a Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Note: For Census 2000, the question on race was revised to allow respondents the option to self-identify themselves by selecting one or more races to indicate their racial identities. The table uses the “alone or in any combination” totals.

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, 1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics, 1990 CP-1. (Washington, 1992). U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) (September 25, 2002).

Over 40% of Native Hawaiians in the United States live outside of the State of Hawai‘i. Over one-third of Native Hawaiians reside in the State of California.

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GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Table 1.16 Distribution of the Native Hawaiian a Population in the Continental United States: 1990 and 2000.

Place of Residence 1990 Census 2000 Census Living in Hawai‘i 138,742 239,655 Living in Other States 48,847 161,507 California 34,447 60,048 Washington 5,423 13,507 Nevada 1,534 8,264 Texas 2,979 7,775 Oregon 2,415 6,366 Florida 2,049 5,285 Rest of U.S. 23,425 60,262 Native Hawaiians in U.S. 211,014 401,162

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, 1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics, U.S., 1990 CP-1-1 (Nov. 1992). U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) (July 25, 2001)

In 2000, the distribution of Native Hawaiians outside the Islands ranges from 60,048 in California to 76 in Vermont. There were 30 states reporting 1,000 or more Native Hawaiians, accounting for 94% of the mainland Native Hawaiian population. The West Coast states (CA, WA, OR) account for 49% (79,921) of the mainland Native Hawaiian population.

Migration of Native Hawaiians began shortly after foreign ships started to call at island ports. Many Native Hawaiians seeking new jobs or new experiences many enlisted as seamen. Some found work and homes in foreign countries, where they formed small Hawaiian communities. There was some concern during the mid- 1800s when it was estimated that almost 5% of the Native Hawaiians were absent from the Islands. Today, over 40% of the Native Hawaiian population reside off the Hawaiian Islands.

2011 NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK | oha.org ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 55 North 3,033 Atlantic 10,343 South 15,819 Atlantic NORTHEAST 7,310 Middle Atlantic East 3,485 South Central East 9,008 SOUTH 30,579 North Central 14,822 MIDWEST West (SF 1) (July 25, 2001) 11,275 West 5,724 South Central North Central 23,964 Mountain Census 2000 Summary File 1 WEST 105,763 Pacific 81,799 Population, Continential United States: 2000 Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, U.S., Bureau Source: Total Continential Total Native Hawaiians, U.S. Census 2000: 161,507 Figure 1.16 Geographic Distribution of the Native Hawaiian Figure

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POPULATION Table 1.17 Age and Sex Distribution for the Native Hawaiiana Population in Hawai‘i: 2000.

State of Hawai‘i Native Hawaiian Age Male Female Total Male Female Total Under 5 years 40,110 38,053 78,163 12,695 11,982 24,677 31.6% Under 1 year 7,922 7,542 15,464 2,510 2,384 4,894 31.6% 1 to 4 years 32,188 30,511 62,699 10,185 9,598 19,783 31.6% 1 year 8,029 7,542 15,571 2,599 2,398 4,997 32.1% 2 years 7,928 7,449 15,377 2,506 2,327 4,833 31.4% 3 years 7,916 7,579 15,495 2,429 2,416 4,845 31.3% 4 years 8,315 7,941 16,256 2,651 2,457 5,108 31.4% 5 to 9 years 43,739 41,241 84,980 13,722 12,953 26,675 31.4% 5 years 8,384 7,899 16,283 2,644 2,514 5,158 31.7% 6 years 8,655 8,258 16,913 2,709 2,574 5,283 31.2% 7 years 8,741 8,188 16,929 2,664 2,547 5,211 30.8% 8 years 8,951 8,176 17,127 2,816 2,518 5,334 31.1% 9 years 9,008 8,720 17,728 2,889 2,800 5,689 32.1% 10 to 14 years 42,740 40,366 83,106 13,245 12,415 25,660 30.9% 10 years 8,937 8,530 17,467 2,828 2,704 5,532 31.7% 11 years 8,543 7,968 16,511 2,684 2,493 5,177 31.4% 12 years 8,519 8,075 16,594 2,594 2,472 5,066 30.5% 13 years 8,381 7,908 16,289 2,614 2,385 4,999 30.7% 14 years 8,360 7,885 16,245 2,525 2,361 4,886 30.1% 15 to 19 years 42,200 38,802 81,002 12,209 11,485 23,694 29.3% 15 years 8,399 7,705 16,104 2,639 2,319 4,958 30.8% 16 years 8,610 8,075 16,685 2,747 2,485 5,232 31.4% 17 years 8,627 8,102 16,729 2,550 2,467 5,017 30.0% 18 years 7,906 7,477 15,383 2,261 2,183 4,444 28.9% 19 years 8,658 7,443 16,101 2,012 2,031 4,043 25.1% 20 to 24 years 45,709 37,700 83,409 9,138 8,873 18,011 21.6% 20 years 9,252 7,705 16,957 1,940 1,945 3,885 22.9% 21 years 9,647 7,368 17,015 1,949 1,810 3,759 22.1% 25 to 29 years 44,016 39,984 84,000 8,423 8,116 16,539 19.7%

Continued …

2011 NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK | oha.org ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 57

POPULATION Table 1.17 Age and Sex Distribution for the Native Hawaiiana Population in Hawai‘i: 2000.

Continued … State of Hawai‘i Native Hawaiian Age Male Female Total Male Female Total 30 to 34 years 44,391 42,768 87,159 8,191 8,236 16,427 18.8% 35 to 39 years 48,760 47,175 95,935 8,574 8,914 17,488 18.2% 40 to 44 years 47,817 47,425 95,242 7,955 7,911 15,866 16.7% 45 to 49 years 45,130 45,274 90,404 6,822 6,973 13,795 15.3% 50 to 54 years 40,523 40,052 80,575 5,536 5,479 11,015 13.7% 55 to 59 years 29,905 30,656 60,561 4,310 4,504 8,814 14.6% 60 to 64 years 22,293 24,107 46,400 3,041 3,322 6,363 13.7% 65 to 69 years 19,503 23,344 42,847 2,390 2,759 5,149 12.0% 70 to 74 years 18,919 23,496 42,415 1,753 2,325 4,078 9.6% 75 to 79 years 16,020 19,366 35,386 1,154 1,566 2,720 7.7% 80 to 84 years 9,626 12,763 22,389 605 977 1,582 7.1% 85 yrs and over 7,270 10,294 17,564 356 746 1,102 6.3% 18 yrs and over 456,446 459,324 915,770 72,521 74,915 147,436 16.1% 62 yrs and over 84,082 103,353 187,435 8,000 10,246 18,246 9.7% 65 yrs and over 71,338 89,263 160,601 6,258 8,373 14,631 9.1% All ages 608,671 602,866 1,211,537 120,119 119,536 239,655 Median age (yrs) 35.1 37.4 36.2 24.5 26.3 25.3

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002).

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POPULATION Table 1.18 Age Distribution of the Native Hawaiiana Population in Hawai‘i by County: 2000.

Native Hawaiian Age County Total Hawai‘i Honolulu Kaua‘i Maui Under 5 years 4,572 18.5% 15,358 62.2% 1,432 5.8% 3,315 13.4% 24,677 Under 1 year 910 18.6% 3,022 61.7% 294 6.0% 668 13.6% 4,894 1 to 4 years 3,662 18.5% 12,336 62.4% 1,138 5.8% 2,647 13.4% 19,783 1 year 911 18.2% 3,147 63.0% 302 6.0% 637 12.7% 4,997 2 years 915 18.9% 3,005 62.2% 259 5.4% 654 13.5% 4,833 3 years 850 17.5% 3,018 62.3% 272 5.6% 705 14.6% 4,845 4 years 986 19.3% 3,166 62.0% 305 6.0% 651 12.7% 5,108 5 to 9 years 5,014 18.8% 16,636 62.4% 1,702 6.4% 3,323 12.5% 26,675 5 years 962 18.7% 3,269 63.4% 329 6.4% 598 11.6% 5,158 6 years 929 17.6% 3,363 63.7% 323 6.1% 668 12.6% 5,283 7 years 1,003 19.2% 3,223 61.8% 321 6.2% 664 12.7% 5,211 8 years 1,052 19.7% 3,281 61.5% 367 6.9% 634 11.9% 5,334 9 years 1,068 18.8% 3,500 61.5% 362 6.4% 759 13.3% 5,689 10 to 14 years 4,967 19.4% 15,720 61.3% 1,635 6.4% 3,338 13.0% 25,660 10 years 1,066 19.3% 3,416 61.7% 312 5.6% 738 13.3% 5,532 11 years 984 19.0% 3,181 61.4% 338 6.5% 674 13.0% 5,177 12 years 976 19.3% 3,093 61.1% 314 6.2% 683 13.5% 5,066 13 years 989 19.8% 3,030 60.6% 336 6.7% 644 12.9% 4,999 14 years 952 19.5% 3,000 61.4% 335 6.9% 599 12.3% 4,886 15 to 19 years 4,587 19.4% 14,715 62.1% 1,401 5.9% 2,991 12.6% 23,694 15 years 952 19.2% 3,089 62.3% 289 5.8% 628 12.7% 4,958 16 years 979 18.7% 3,217 61.5% 336 6.4% 700 13.4% 5,232 17 years 1,035 20.6% 3,022 60.2% 315 6.3% 645 12.9% 5,017 18 years 856 19.3% 2,795 62.9% 246 5.5% 547 12.3% 4,444 19 years 765 18.9% 2,592 64.1% 215 5.3% 471 11.6% 4,043 20 to 24 years 3,206 17.8% 11,805 65.5% 937 5.2% 2,063 11.5% 18,011 20 years 746 19.2% 2,506 64.5% 203 5.2% 430 11.1% 3,885 21 years 657 17.5% 2,422 64.4% 228 6.1% 452 12.0% 3,759 25 to 29 years 2,818 17.0% 10,778 65.2% 868 5.2% 2,075 12.5% 16,539

Continued …

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POPULATION Table 1.18 Age Distribution of the Native Hawaiiana Population in Hawai‘i by County: 2000.

Continued … Native Hawaiian Age County Total Hawai‘i Honolulu Kaua‘i Maui 30 to 34 years 2,593 15.8% 10,791 65.7% 872 5.3% 2,165 13.2% 16,427 35 to 39 years 2,874 16.4% 11,352 64.9% 987 5.6% 2,271 13.0% 17,488 40 to 44 years 2,982 18.8% 10,032 63.2% 882 5.6% 1,967 12.4% 15,866 45 to 49 years 2,571 18.6% 8,816 63.9% 781 5.7% 1,621 11.8% 13,795 50 to 54 years 1,915 17.4% 7,190 65.3% 557 5.1% 1,347 12.2% 11,015 55 to 59 years 1,514 17.2% 5,765 65.4% 449 5.1% 1,080 12.3% 8,814 60 to 64 years 1,038 16.3% 4,179 65.7% 332 5.2% 805 12.7% 6,363 65 to 69 years 898 17.4% 3,417 66.4% 243 4.7% 578 11.2% 5,149 70 to 74 years 672 16.5% 2,774 68.0% 195 4.8% 428 10.5% 4,078 75 to 79 years 416 15.3% 1,924 70.7% 119 4.4% 258 9.5% 2,720 80 to 84 years 225 14.2% 1,101 69.6% 68 4.3% 188 11.9% 1,582 85 yrs and over 148 13.4% 764 69.3% 51 4.6% 139 12.6% 1,102 18 yrs and over 25,491 17.3% 96,075 65.2% 7,802 5.3% 18,003 12.2% 147,436 62 yrs and over 2,958 16.2% 12,352 67.7% 860 4.7% 2,046 11.2% 18,246 65 yrs and over 2,359 16.1% 9,980 68.2% 676 4.6% 1,591 10.9% 14,631 All ages 43,010 17.9% 153,117 63.9% 13,511 5.6% 29,952 12.5% 239,655 Median age (yrs) 23.6 26.1 22.8 24.9 25.3

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002).

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POPULATION Table 1.19 Age and Sex Distribution for the Native Hawaiiana Population in the United States, Continental United States, and the State of Hawai‘i: 2000.

Native Hawaiian Continental United Age United States State of Hawai‘i States Male Female Total No. % No. % Under 5 years 20,991 20,060 41,051 16,374 39.9% 24,677 60.1% Under 1 year 4,206 4,039 8,245 3,351 40.6% 4,894 59.4% 1 to 4 years 16,785 16,021 32,806 13,023 39.7% 19,783 60.3% 1 year 4,341 4,103 8,444 3,447 40.8% 4,997 59.2% 2 years 4,111 3,871 7,982 3,149 39.5% 4,833 60.5% 3 years 4,076 3,973 8,049 3,204 39.8% 4,845 60.2% 4 years 4,257 4,074 8,331 3,223 38.7% 5,108 61.3% 5 to 9 years 21,765 20,753 42,518 15,843 37.3% 26,675 62.7% 5 years 4,219 4,137 8,356 3,198 38.3% 5,158 61.7% 6 years 4,287 4,108 8,395 3,112 37.1% 5,283 62.9% 7 years 4,274 4,054 8,328 3,117 37.4% 5,211 62.6% 8 years 4,436 4,049 8,485 3,151 37.1% 5,334 62.9% 9 years 4,549 4,405 8,954 3,265 36.5% 5,689 63.5% 10 to 14 years 20,913 19,846 40,759 15,099 37.0% 25,660 63.0% 10 years 4,483 4,209 8,692 3,160 36.4% 5,532 63.6% 11 years 4,199 4,035 8,234 3,057 37.1% 5,177 62.9% 12 years 4,124 3,931 8,055 2,989 37.1% 5,066 62.9% 13 years 4,096 3,821 7,917 2,918 36.9% 4,999 63.1% 14 years 4,011 3,850 7,861 2,975 37.8% 4,886 62.2% 15 to 19 years 20,141 19,262 39,403 15,709 39.9% 23,694 60.1% 15 years 4,077 3,743 7,820 2,862 36.6% 4,958 63.4% 16 years 4,224 3,921 8,145 2,913 35.8% 5,232 64.2% 17 years 3,986 3,876 7,862 2,845 36.2% 5,017 63.8% 18 years 3,953 3,865 7,818 3,374 43.2% 4,444 56.8% 19 years 3,901 3,857 7,758 3,715 47.9% 4,043 52.1% 20 to 24 years 16,791 16,566 33,357 15,346 46.0% 18,011 54.0% 20 years 3,709 3,699 7,408 3,523 47.6% 3,885 52.4% 21 years 3,530 3,410 6,940 3,181 45.8% 3,759 54.2% 25 to 29 years 14,994 14,569 29,563 13,024 44.1% 16,539 55.9%

Continued …

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POPULATION Table 1.19 Age and Sex Distribution for the Native Hawaiiana Population in the United States, Continental United States, and the State of Hawai‘i: 2000.

Continued … Native Hawaiian Age United States Continental United State of Hawai‘i Male Female Total States 30 to 34 years 14,554 14,791 29,345 12,918 44.0% 16,427 56.0% 35 to 39 years 15,151 15,611 30,762 13,274 43.2% 17,488 56.8% 40 to 44 years 13,521 13,762 27,283 11,417 41.8% 15,866 58.2% 45 to 49 years 11,111 11,655 22,766 8,971 39.4% 13,795 60.6% 50 to 54 years 9,160 9,272 18,432 7,417 40.2% 11,015 59.8% 55 to 59 years 6,856 7,122 13,978 5,164 36.9% 8,814 63.1% 60 to 64 years 4,719 5,151 9,870 3,507 35.5% 6,363 64.5% 65 to 69 years 3,767 4,233 8,000 2,851 35.6% 5,149 64.4% 70 to 74 years 2,694 3,401 6,095 2,017 33.1% 4,078 66.9% 75 to 79 years 1,721 2,261 3,982 1,262 31.7% 2,720 68.3% 80 to 84 years 902 1,400 2302 720 31.3% 1,582 68.7% 85 yrs and over 597 1,099 1,696 594 35.0% 1,102 65.0% 18 yrs and over 124,392 128,615 253,007 105,571 41.7% 147,436 58.3% 62 yrs and over 12,380 15,256 27,636 9,390 34.0% 18,246 66.0% 65 yrs and over 9,681 12,394 22,075 7,444 33.7% 14,631 66.3% All ages 200,348 200,814 401,162 161,507 40.3% 239,655 59.7% Median age (yrs) 24.9 26.4 25.6 — 25.3

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002).

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FAMILY PROFILE Table 1.20 Characteristics of Native Hawaiiana Families in Hawai‘i: 2000.

State of Hawai‘i Native Hawaiian Characteristics No. % No. % Families 287,068 46,309 Population in families 982,348 176,478 Average family size 3.42 3.81 Married-couple family 216,077 75.3% 29,597 63.9% With own children under 18 years 96,758 44.8% 15,983 54.0% Under 6 years only 22,324 10.3% 2,807 9.5% Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years 20,257 9.4% 3,912 13.2% 6 to 17 years only 54,177 25.1% 9,264 31.3% No own children under 18 years 119,319 55.2% 13,614 46.0% Other family 70,991 16,712 Male householder, no wife present 21,068 7.3% 4,678 10.1% With own children under 18 years 8,945 42.5% 2,421 51.8% Under 6 years only 2,328 11.0% 717 15.3% Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years 1,156 5.5% 407 8.7% 6 to 17 years only 5,461 25.9% 1,297 27.7% No own children under 18 years 12,123 57.5% 2,257 48.2% Female householder, no husband present 49,923 17.4% 12,034 26.0% With own children under 18 years 23,619 47.3% 6,845 56.9% Under 6 years only 4,450 8.9% 1,405 11.7% Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years 4,071 8.2% 1,556 12.9% 6 to 17 years only 15,098 30.2% 3,884 32.3% No own children under 18 years 26,304 52.7% 5,189 43.1%

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002).

Native Hawaiians have a significantly smaller proportion of its families being married couple families than the state. There are a greater proportion of Native Hawaiian families headed by a single parent, either a female household with no husband present or a male householder with no wife present relative to the rest of the state.

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FAMILY PROFILE Table 1.21 Characteristics of Native Hawaiiana Families in the United States, Continental United States, and State of Hawai‘i: 2000.

Continental United United States State of Hawai‘i Characteristics States No. % No. % No. % Families 77,159 30,850 46,309 Population in families 280,442 103,964 176,478 Average family size 3.63 (N) 3.81 Married-Couple family 51,392 66.6% 21,795 70.6% 29,597 63.9% With own children under 18 years 28,389 55.2% 12,406 56.9% 15,983 54.0% Under 6 years only 5,984 11.6% 3,177 14.6% 2,807 9.5% Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years 6,897 13.4% 2,985 13.7% 3,912 13.2% 6 to 17 years only 15,508 30.2% 6,244 28.6% 9,264 31.3% No own children under 18 years 23,003 44.8% 9,389 43.1% 13,614 46.0% Other family 25,767 9,055 16,712 Male householder, no wife present 7,340 9.5% 2,662 8.6% 4,678 10.1% With own children under 18 years 3,988 54.3% 1,567 58.9% 2,421 51.8% Under 6 years only 1,279 17.4% 562 21.1% 717 15.3% Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years 633 8.6% 226 8.5% 407 8.7% 6 to 17 years only 2,076 28.3% 779 29.3% 1,297 27.7% No own children under 18 years 3,352 45.7% 1,095 41.1% 2,257 48.2% Female householder, no husband present 18,427 23.9% 6,393 20.7% 12,034 26.0% With own children under 18 years 11,206 60.8% 4,361 68.2% 6,845 56.9% Under 6 years only 2,473 13.4% 1,068 16.7% 1,405 11.7% Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years 2,321 12.6% 765 12.0% 1,556 12.9% 6 to 17 years only 6,412 34.8% 2,528 39.5% 3,884 32.3% No own children under 18 years 7,221 39.2% 2,032 31.8% 5,189 43.1%

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002).

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FAMILY PROFILE Table 1.22 Family Type by Presence of Own Children for the Native Hawaiiansa in Hawai‘i: 2000.

State of Hawai‘i Native Hawaiian Characteristics No. % No. % Families 287,068 46,309 16.1% With related children under 18 years 150,464 52.4% 30,609 66.1% Under 6 years only 35,194 12.3% 6,401 13.8% Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years 33,362 11.6% 8,139 17.6% 6 to 17 years only 81,908 28.5% 16,069 34.7% No related children under 18 years 136,604 47.6% 15,700 33.9% Married-Couple Families 216,077 29,597 13.7% With related children under 18 years 108,519 50.2% 18,707 63.2% Under 6 years only 25,971 12.0% 3,656 12.4% Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years 25,194 11.7% 5,207 17.6% 6 to 17 years only 57,354 26.5% 9,844 33.3% No related children under 18 years 107,558 49.8% 10,890 36.8% Female Householder, no husband present 49,923 12,034 24.1% With related children under 18 years 30,516 61.1% 8,797 73.1% Under 6 years only 6,243 12.5% 1,870 15.5% Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years 6,277 12.6% 2,305 19.2% 6 to 17 years only 17,996 36.0% 4,622 38.4% No related children under 18 years 19,407 38.9% 3,237 26.9% Male Householder, no wife present 21,068 4,678 22.2% With related children under 18 years 11,429 54.2% 3,105 66.4% Under 6 years only 2,980 14.1% 875 18.7% Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years 1,891 9.0% 627 13.4% 6 to 17 years only 6,558 31.1% 1,603 34.3% No related children under 18 years 9,639 45.8% 1,573 33.6% Average family size 3.42 3.81

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002).

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FAMILY PROFILE Table 1.23 Family Type by Presence of Own Children for the Native Hawaiiana Population in the United States, Continental United States, and State of Hawai‘i: 2000.

Continental United United States State of Hawai‘i Characteristics States No. % No. % No. % Families 77,159 30,850 40.0% 46,309 60.0% With related children under 18 years 50,417 65.3% 19,808 64.2% 30,609 66.1% Under 6 years only 11,686 15.1% 5,285 17.1% 6,401 13.8% Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years 12,723 16.5% 4,584 14.9% 8,139 17.6% 6 to 17 years only 26,008 33.7% 9,939 32.2% 16,069 34.7% No related children under 18 years 26,742 34.7% 11,042 35.8% 15,700 33.9% Married-Couple Families 51,392 21,795 42.4% 29,597 57.6% With related children under 18 years 31,793 61.9% 13,086 60.0% 18,707 63.2% Under 6 years only 7,090 13.8% 3,434 15.8% 3,656 12.4% Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years 8,477 16.5% 3,270 15.0% 5,207 17.6% 6 to 17 years only 16,226 31.6% 6,382 29.3% 9,844 33.3% No related children under 18 years 19,599 38.1% 8,709 40.0% 10,890 36.8% Female Householder, no husband 18,427 6,393 34.7% 12,034 65.3% present With related children under 18 years 13,736 74.5% 4,939 77.3% 8,797 73.1% Under 6 years only 3,095 16.8% 1,225 19.2% 1,870 15.5% Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years 3,322 18.0% 1,017 15.9% 2,305 19.2% 6 to 17 years only 7,319 39.7% 2,697 42.2% 4,622 38.4% No related children under 18 years 4,691 25.5% 1,454 22.7% 3,237 26.9% Male Householder, no wife present 7,340 2,662 36.3% 4,678 63.7% With related children under 18 years 4,888 66.6% 1,783 67.0% 3,105 66.4% Under 6 years only 1,501 20.4% 626 23.5% 875 18.7% Under 6 years and 6 to 17 years 924 12.6% 297 11.2% 627 13.4% 6 to 17 years only 2,463 33.6% 860 32.3% 1,603 34.3% No related children under 18 years 2,452 33.4% 879 33.0% 1,573 33.6% Average family size 3.63 — 3.81

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002).

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FAMILY PROFILE Table 1.24 Family Type by Presence of Own Children for the Native Hawaiiansa in Hawai‘i by County: 2000.

County State of Characteristics Hawai‘i Honolulu Kaua‘i Maui Hawai‘i Families 8,586 29,148 2,655 5,909 46,309 With own children under 18 years 5,095 15,117 1,594 3,443 25,249 With own children under 6 years only 1,027 2,953 279 670 4,929 With own children under 6 years and 6 to 17 yrs 1,171 3,474 399 831 5,875 Married-Couple Families 5,363 18,599 1,780 3,845 29,597 With own children under 18 years 3,031 9,680 1,039 2,233 15,983 With own children under 6 years only 496 1,792 151 368 2,807 With own children under 6 years and 6 to 17 yrs 736 2,316 277 583 3,912 Female Householder, no husband present 2,312 7,690 629 1,402 12,034 With own children under 18 years 1,495 4,116 400 834 6,845 With own children under 6 years only 346 798 84 177 1,405 With own children under 6 years and 6 to 17 yrs 331 946 100 179 1,556 Male householder, no wife present 911 2,859 246 662 4,678 With own children under 18 years 569 1,321 155 376 2,421 With own children under 6 years only 185 363 44 125 717 With own children under 6 years and 6 to 17 yrs 104 212 22 69 407 Persons per family 3.67 3.85 3.74 3.83 3.81

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2) (January 16, 2002).

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8.9% 3.5% 5.4% % 91.1% Maui 447 679 1,126 No. 12,681 11,555

5.2% 5.1% % 10.3% 89.7% Kaua‘i 562 284 278 5,466 4,904 No.

a County 4.1% 6.8% % 10.9% 89.1% Honolulu 7,339 2,751 4,588 No. 67,479 60,140 Native Hawaiian

8.9% 3.1% 5.7% % 91.1% Hawai‘i 550 1,559 1,009 No. 17,575 16,016

3.9% 6.3% % 10.2% 89.8% FAMILY PROFILE FAMILY 4,032 6,554 10,586 92,703 No. 103,289 State of Hawai‘i

7.0% 2.0% 5.0% 93.0% % State of Hawai‘i 49,237 14,029 35,208 No. 704,169 654,932 Grand Parents Living with Grandchildren: 2000. Living with Grandchildren: Grand Parents Living with Grandchildren Grand Parents Grand Parents Grandparent responsible own for grandchildren under 18 years Grandparent not responsible own for grandchildren under 18 years Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Note: For Census 2000, the question on race was revised to allow respondents the option to self-identify themselves by revised to allow of the Census. Note: For Census 2000, question on race was Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau Total Living with own grandchildren under 18 years Not living with own grandchildren under 18 years a races to indicate their racial identities. The table uses the “alone or in combination” totals. selecting one or more Table 1.25 Table Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 4 (SF 4) (April 29, 2003). U.S., Bureau Source:

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4.7% 8.9% % 40.3% 46.1% Total 3,464 7,658 No. 14,527 65,881 75,225 163,291

7.5% 9.6% % 37.0% 45.9% Female 6,241 7,925 2,046 No. 82,798 30,667 37,965 Native Hawaiian

1.8% 8.2% % 43.7% 46.3% Male 1,417 6,602 1,418 No. 80,493 35,214 37,260

9.0% 6.0% % 30.3% 54.7% Total No. 58,167 87,188 15,305 965,875 292,324 528,196 MARITAL STATUS MARITAL

in Hawai‘i 15 Years and Older: 2000. in Hawai‘i 15 Years a 9.8% % 10.0% 25.9% 54.3% Female 8,468 No. 47,439 48,232 State of Hawai‘i 484,107 125,609 262,827

2.2% 8.1% % 34.6% 55.1% Male 6,837 No. 10,728 38,956 481,768 166,715 265,369 Marital Status among Native Hawaiians Separated Marital Status Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Note: For Census 2000, the question on race was revised to allow respondents the option to self-identify themselves by revised to allow of the Census. Note: For Census 2000, question on race was Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau a races to indicate their racial identities. The table uses the “alone or in any combination” totals. selecting one or more Widowed Divorced 15 Population and over years Never Married Never Married Now Table 1.26 Table Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 4 (SF 4) (April 29, 2003). U.S., Bureau Source: is higher Hawaiians of Native rate The divorce population, respectively. married Hawaiian Single and now people comprised 40% and 46% of the Native with a female householders with children (a family female Hawaiian of Native to the high number contribute may rate The divorce than the state rate. living in a household and related to (mother and child family Mother-Child subfamilies Hawaiian of Native to the high number householder), and possibly the householder).

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Figure 1.26a: Marital Status Among Native Hawaiians in Hawaiÿi 15 Years and Older: 2000

40.3% Never Married 30.0%

Now Married, 46.1% except separated 54.7%

8.9% Divorced

Marital Status Marital 9.0%

4.7% Widowed 6.0%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% Population (%)

Native Hawaiian State of Hawaii

Figure 1.26b: Marital Status Among Native Hawaiians in Hawai‘i 15 Years and Older: 2000 Widowed 7,658 5% Divorced 14,527 9%

Never Married 65,881 40%

Now Married, except separated 75,225 46%

Source:Source: U.S., U.S., Bureau Bureau of the of Census, the Census, Census 2000 Census Summary 2000 File Summary 4 (SF 4) (April File 29, 4 2003) (SF 4) (April 29, 2003)

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% 3.8% 9.3% 37.7% 47.0% Total 6,285 No. 10,826 26,449 107,265 133,553 284,378

% 6.1% 35.2% 48.3% 10.4% Female No. 3,716 8,664 49,981 68,654 14,711 142,010

% Hawaiians in the United States 1.6% 8.6% 42.1% 47.7% Male No. 2,569 2,162 11,738 57,284 64,899 136,083

% 9.7% 6.6% 27.1% 56.5% Total No. 4,769,220 59,913,370 21,560,308 14,674,500 125,000,493 221,148,671

% MARITAL STATUS MARITAL 24.1% 54.6% 10.5% 10.8% Population in the United States: 2000. a Female No. 2,798,097 27,531,993 62,308,654 11,975,325 12,305,294 114,121,266 Total United States Total

2.5% 8.6% 30.3% 58.6% % Male No. 1,971,123 2,699,175 9,255,014 32,381,377 62,691,839 107,027,405 Marital Status for the Native Hawaiian Marital Status Separated Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Note: For Census 2000, the question on race was revised to allow respondents the option to self-identify themselves by revised to allow of the Census. Note: For Census 2000, question on race was Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau Never Married Never Married Now Widowed Divorced 15 Population and over years a races to indicate their racial identities. The table uses the “alone or in any combination” totals. selecting one or more Table 1.27 Table Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 4 (SF 4) (April 29, 2003). U.S., Bureau Source:

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Figure 1.27a: Marital Status for the Native Hawaiian Population in the United States: 2000.

35.2% Never Married 42.1%

Now Married, 48.3% except separated 47.7% Status

10.4%

Marital Divorced 8.6%

6.1% Widowed 1.6%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% Population (%)

Female Male

Figure 1.27b: Marital Status for the Native Hawaiian Population in the United States: 2000.

Widowed 10,826 4% Divorced 26,449 9%

Never Married 107,265 39% Now Married, except separated 133,553 48%

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 4 (SF 4) (April 29, 2003) Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 4 (SF 4) (April 29, 2003)

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72 ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION

8.9% 2.1% 4.7% % 40.3% 46.1% 3,464 7,658 No. 65,881 75,225 14,527 State of Hawai‘i 163,291

2.5% 2.8% % 36.0% 50.8% 10.4% Continental 2,821 3,168 No. United States 41,384 58,328 11,922 Native Hawaiian 114,802

9.5% 2.3% 3.9% % 38.6% 48.0% 6,285 No. United States 26,449 10,826 107,265 133,553 278,093

% 9.0% 1.6% 6.0% 30.3% 54.7% No. 87,188 15,305 58,167 State of Hawai‘i 292,324 528,196 965,875

MARITAL STATUS MARITAL % 9.8% 2.2% 6.6% 27.1% 56.5% Population in the United States, Continental and State of Hawai‘i: a States No. 4,753,915 59,621,046 21,473,120 14,616,333 Continental United 124,472,297 220,182,796 Total Population Total

9.7% 2.2% 6.6% % 27.1% 56.5% United States No. 4,769,220 59,913,370 21,560,308 14,674,500 125,000,493 221,148,671 Marital Status for the Native Hawaiian 2000. Marital Status Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Note: For Census 2000, the question on race was revised to allow respondents the option to self-identify themselves by revised to allow of the Census. Note: For Census 2000, question on race was Hawaiian as defined by the U.S. Bureau Never married Never married Now Divorced Separated Widowed 15 Population and over years a races to indicate their racial identities. The table uses the “alone or in any combination” totals. selecting one or more Table 1.28 Table Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 4 (SF 4) (April 29, 2003). U.S., Bureau Source:

2011 NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK | oha.org ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 73

Figure 1.28: Marital Status for the Native Hawaiian Population in the United States, Continental United States, and the State of Hawai‘i: 2000

40.3%

Never married 36.0%

38.6%

46.1%

Now married, except separated 50.8%

48.0%

8.9% Status Divorced 10.4%

Marital 9.5%

2.1%

Separated 2.5%

2.3%

4.7%

Widowed 2.8%

3.9%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% Percent

State of Hawai‘i Continental United States United States

Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 4 (SF 4) (April 29, 2003). Source: U.S., Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Summary File 4 (SF 4) (April 29, 2003).

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74 ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 76 318 970 245 147 217 368 1,431 2,194 1,176 1,034 8,176 Total 47.9% 75.0% 30.5% 44.8% 39.3% 31.8% 61.9% 59.9% 30.3% 48.6% 92.9% 58.7% % 97 78 91 23 130 961 685 527 381 179 In Marriage 1,645 4,797 No. Resident Bride 7.1% 52.1% 25.0% 69.5% 55.2% 60.7% 68.2% 38.1% 40.1% 69.7% 51.4% 41.3% % 56 87 53 73 746 549 221 649 589 167 189 3,379 Out Marriage No. 41 257 902 808 141 192 407 364 1,333 3,202 1,107 8,754 Total 51.1% 63.5% 37.7% 58.3% 49.3% 56.0% 46.9% 36.6% 56.1% 51.4% 94.0% 60.6% % MARITAL STATUS MARITAL 97 79 90 23 681 526 398 149 187 1041 In Marriage 2,033 5,304 No. Resident Groom 6.0% 36.5% 48.9% 62.3% 41.7% 50.7% 44.0% 53.1% 63.4% 43.9% 48.6% 39.4% % 62 18 66 652 160 376 410 102 258 177 1,169 3,450 Out Marriage No. Out Marriages by Race/Ethnicity in Hawai‘i: 2009. Race/Ethnicity Native Hawaiian Native Caucasian Chinese Filipino Japanese Korean Samoan Black Vietnamese Other Unknown Total Table 1.29 Table State, Department of Health, Office Health Status Monitoring, 2009. (Honolulu) Source: Hawai‘i

2011 NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK | oha.org ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 75 970 1,431 2,194 1,176 2,405 8,176 Bride 2009 902 808 1,333 3,202 2,509 8,754 Groom Groom Bride 1,572 2,422 1,345 1,067 2,480 8,886 2008 969 893 1,488 3,397 2,590 9,337 Groom Groom Bride 2,291 1,379 2,357 8,752 1,623 1,102 2007 900 3,247 1,064 2,367 9,119 1,541 Groom Groom Bride MARITAL STATUS MARITAL 1,550 2,384 1,305 1,099 2,235 8,573 2006 941 3,351 1,040 2,225 9,017 1,460 Groom Groom Bride 2,388 1,363 1,137 2,346 8,717 1,483 2005 Marriages by Ethnicity of Groom and Ethnicity of Bride: Residents State Hawai’i, 2005-2009 Marriages by Ethnicity of Groom 984 931 3,435 2,291 9,060 1,419 Groom Groom Marriages by Ethnicity of Groom and Ethnicity of Bride: 2005-2009. Marriages by Ethnicity of Groom Race/Ethnicity Caucasian Filipino Japanese All Others Total Native Hawaiian Native Table 1.30 Table State, Department of Health, Office Health Status Monitoring, 2008. (Honolulu) Source: Hawai‘i

oha.org | 2011 KA PUKE ‘IKEPILI O NÄ ‘ÖIWI HAWAI‘I 76 ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 0 554 900 434 2009 7,197 3,342 2,764 1,560 3,426 4,483 1,380 7,197 7,200 18,843 2009 0 614 890 453 2008 7,246 3,554 2,880 1,623 3,500 4,433 1,470 7,246 7,251 12,171 2008 3 596 921 403 2007 7,153 3,254 2,891 1,705 3,487 4,461 1,368 7,153 7,156 19,086 2007 1 636 890 441 2006 3,463 2,840 1,706 3,252 4,389 1,340 7,030 7,031 7,030 18,927 2006 4 561 818 348 2005 2,957 2,765 1,748 3,068 4,305 1,312 6,783 6,787 6,783 17,882 2005 5 640 782 404 Birth Year Birth Year 2004 3,069 2,928 1,754 3,138 4,225 1,298 6,709 6,714 6,709 18,238 2004 5 563 808 368 2003 3,060 3,048 1,803 3,039 4,202 1,175 6,553 6,558 6,553 18,066 2003 BIRTHS 6 (N) 794 342 2002 2,959 2,865 1,816 3,347 4,148 1,175 6,459 6,465 6,459 17,446 2002 4 594 763 351 2001 6,201 2,783 2,854 1,820 2,791 3,955 1,132 6,201 6,205 17,043 2001 12 700 748 327 2000 6,265 2,986 2,989 1,887 2,687 4,087 1,103 6,265 6,277 11,249 2000 Resident Live Births by Race/Ethnicity of Child and Place Residence: 2000-2009. Births Race/Ethnicity Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Office of Health Status Monitoring, 2000-2008. (Honolulu) Department State, of Health, Office Health Status Monitoring, Hawai‘i 2000-2008. Residence of Native Hawaiian Caucasian Filipino Japanese Chinese Others births resident Total Honolulu County County Hawai‘i Maui County Kaua‘i County Non-resident/unknown Hawaiian resident Native Total births births Hawaiian Native Total (N) Not reported Native Hawaiian Native Table 1.31 Table Source:

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Figure 1.31a Resident Live Births by Race of Child: 20002009. Figure 1.31a Resident Live Births by Race of Child: 20002009. 8,000 8,000 7,000 7,000 6,000 6,000 5,000 5,000 4,000 4,000 3,000

Number of Number Births 3,000

Number of Number Births 2,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 0 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Birth Year Birth Year Native Hawaiian Caucasian Filipino NativeJapanese Hawaiian CaucasianChinese FilipinoOthers Japanese Chinese Others

Figure 1.31b Resident Live Births by Race of Figure 1.31b ResidentChild: Li 2009.ve Births by Race of Child: 2009.

Others Chinese Others3,426 554 Chinese 3,42618% Native 3% 554 18% HawaiianNative 3% Hawaiian7,197 Japanese 7,19738% Japanese1,560 38% 1,5608% 8% Filipino Filipino2,764 2,76415% Caucasian 15% Caucasian3,342 3,34218% 18%

Source: Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Office of Health Status Monitoring, 2008. (Honolulu) Source: Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Office of Health Status Monitoring, Source:2008. (Honolulu) Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Office of Health Status Monitoring, 2008. (Honolulu)

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78 ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 85 304 213 1052 1654 1,654 2,565 1,210 2,976 1,272 9,677 2009 2009 81 981 294 178 1,534 2,495 1,192 2,861 1,240 9,322 2008 2008 1,534 73 987 285 200 1,545 2,540 1,232 2,790 1,207 9,314 1,545 2007 2007 70 976 274 184 1,504 2,456 1,233 2,883 1,214 9,290 1,504 2006 2006 81 263 183 1,532 2,465 1,177 2,668 1,146 8,988 1,005 1,532 2005 2005 Year Year 71 969 250 169 1,459 2,347 1,197 2,737 1,148 8,888 1,459 2004 2004 68 954 261 162 DEATHS 1,445 2,350 1,238 2,712 1,105 8,850 1,445 2003 2003 55 977 232 177 1,441 2,325 1,210 2,658 1,016 8,650 1,441 2002 2002 67 974 873 233 144 1,317 2,256 1,184 2,521 8,252 1,317 2001 2001 73 993 895 220 164 1,352 2,236 1,149 2,433 8,163 1,352 2000 2000 Resident Deaths by Race/Ethnicity and Place of Residence: 2000-2009. Race/Ethnicity Hawaiian Deaths Residence of Native Native Hawaiian Native Caucasian Filipino Japanese Others Total Honolulu County County Hawai‘i Maui County Kaua‘i County Total (N) Not reported Table 1.32 Table State, Department of Health, Office Health Status Monitoring, 2000-2009. (Honolulu) Source: Hawai‘i

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Figure 1.32a Resident Deaths by Race in Hawaiÿi: 2000-2009. 3,500

3,000

2,500

Deaths 2,000 of

1,500

Number 1,000

500

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year of Death

Native Hawaiian Caucasian Filipino Japanese Others

Figure 1.32b Resident Deaths by Race in Hawaiÿi: 2009

Others Native 1,272 Hawaiian 13% 1,654 17%

Japanese Caucasian 2,976 2,565 31% 27% Filipino 1,210 12%

Source:Source: Hawai‘i State, State, Department Department of Health, of Office Health, of Health Office Status of HealthMonitoring, Status 2008. Monitoring,(Honolulu) 2008. (Honolulu)

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BIRTHS AND DEATHS Table 1.33 Resident Native Hawaiian Births and Deaths in Hawai‘i: 1990-2009.

Births Deaths Year State of Native Hawaiian State of Native Hawaiian Hawai‘i No. % Hawai‘i No. % 1990 20,438 6,717 32.9% 6,687 1,136 17.0% 1991 19,880 6,585 33.1% 6,697 1,084 16.2% 1992 19,837 6,355 32.0% 6,846 1,160 16.9% 1993 19,567 6,387 32.6% 7,226 1,168 16.2% 1994 19,438 6,338 32.6% 7,206 1,188 16.5% 1995 18,552 6,169 33.3% 7,488 1,262 16.9% 1996 18,378 6,192 33.7% 7,803 1,292 16.6% 1997 17,326 5,910 34.1% 7,710 1,285 16.7% 1998 17,552 6,069 34.6% 7,969 1,333 16.7% 1999 17,032 6,113 35.9% 8,125 1,292 15.9% 2000 17,514 6,265 35.8% 8,163 1,352 16.6% 2001 17,043 6,201 36.4% 8,252 1,317 16.0% 2002 17,446 6,459 37.0% 8,650 1,441 16.7% 2003 18,066 6,553 36.3% 8,850 1,445 16.3% 2004 18,238 6,709 36.8% 8,888 1,459 16.4% 2005 17,882 6,783 37.9% 8,988 1,532 17.0% 2006 18,927 7,030 37.1% 9,290 1,504 16.2% 2007 19,086 7,153 37.5% 9,314 1,545 16.6% 2008 19,417 7,246 37.3% 9,322 1,534 16.5% 2009 18,843 7,197 38.2% 9,677 1,654 17.1%

Source: Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Office of Health Status Monitoring, 2009. (Honolulu)

Native Hawaiian births have been on a steady increase. Native Hawaiian children still count for over one-third of the resident births in Hawai‘i.

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Figure 1.33a Resident Live Births in Hawaiÿi: 2008 Figure 1.33a Resident Live Births in Hawaiÿi: 2008

Native Hawaiian Native7,246 Hawaiian37.3% 7,246 37.3% Non Hawaiian 12,171 Non 62.7%Hawaiian 12,171 62.7%

Figure 1.33b Resident Deaths in Hawaiÿi: 2008 Figure 1.33b Resident Deaths in Hawaiÿi: 2008

Native Hawaiian Native1,534 Hawaiian16.5% 1,534 16.5%

Non Hawaiian 7,788 Non 83.5%Hawaiian 7,788 83.5%

Source: Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Office of Health Status Monitoring, 2008. (Honolulu) Source: Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Office of Health Status Monitoring, 2008. (Honolulu) Source: Hawai‘i State, Department of Health, Office of Health Status Monitoring, oha.org | 2011 KA PUKE ‘IKEPILI O NÄ ‘ÖIWI HAWAI‘I 2008. (Honolulu)

82 ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION

POPULATION Table 1.34 Population of Hawai‘i by County and District: U.S. Census 1900-1940. County and District 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 Total 154,001 191,874 255,881 368,300 422,770 Hawai‘i County 46,843 55,382 64,895 73,325 73,276 Puna 5,128 6,834 7,282 8,284 7,733 South Hilo 18,468 23,828 29,572 32,588 19,785 North Hilo 4,077 5,644 5,028 4,468 Hämäkua 6,919 9,037 9,122 8,864 8,244 North Kohala 4,366 5,398 6,275 6,171 5,362 South Kohala 600 922 1,304 1,250 1,352 North Kona 3,819 3,377 3,709 4,728 3,924 South Kona 2,372 3,191 3,703 4,677 4,024 Ka‘u 3,854 4,078 4,028 4,751 5,581 Maui County 27,920 29,762 37,385 55,541 55,534 Häna 5,276 3,241 3,100 2,436 2,663 Makawao 7,236 8,855 10,900 17,021 14,915 Wailuku 7,953 11,742 14,941 21,363 21,051 Lähainä 4,787 7,142 7,938 8,291 4,951 Läna‘i 131 185 2,356 3,720 Moloka‘i 2,504 1,006 1,117 4,427 4,894 Kalawao County – 785 667 605 446 Honolulu County 58,504 81,993 123,496 202,887 257,696 Honolulu 39,306 52,183 81,820 137,582 179,358 Ko‘olaupoko 2,844 3,251 4,035 6,385 9,006 Ko‘olauloa 2,372 3,204 4,490 5,258 4,968 Waialua 3,285 6,083 7,641 8,129 8,397 Wahiawä — 799 4,302 18,103 22,417 Wai‘anae 1,008 1,846 1,802 1,923 2,948 ‘Ewa 9,689 14,627 19,406 25,507 30,602 Kaua‘i County 20,734 23,952 29,438 35,942 35,818 Hanalei 2,630 2,457 2,549 2,186 2,065 Kawaihau 3,220 2,580 4,533 7,441 6,512 Lïhu‘e 4,434 4,951 6,223 7,515 7,896 Köloa 4,564 5,769 7,270 8,452 8,493 Waimea 5,886 8,195 8,863 10,348 10,852

Source: Robert C. Schmitt, Demographic Statistics of Hawaii: 1778-1965. (Honolulu, 1968).

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POPULATION Table 1.35 Population of Hawai‘i by County and District: U.S. Census 1950-2000.

County and District 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Total 499,794 632,772 769,913 964,691 1,108,229 1,211,537 Hawai‘i County 68,350 61,332 63,468 92,053 120,317 148,677 Puna 6,747 5,030 5,154 11,751 20,781 31,335 South Hilo 34,448 31,553 33,915 42,278 44,639 47,386 North Hilo 3,505 2,493 1,881 1,679 1,541 1,720 Hämäkua 6,056 5,221 4,648 5,128 5,545 6,108 North Kohala 4,456 3,386 3,326 3,249 4,291 6,038 South Kohala 1,505 1,538 2,310 4,607 9,140 13,131 North Kona 3,607 4,451 4,832 13,748 22,284 28,543 South Kona 3,723 4,292 4,004 5,914 7,658 8,589 Ka‘u 4,303 3,368 3,398 3,699 4,438 5,827 Maui County 48,179 42,576 45,984 70,847 100,374 128,094 Häna 1,495 1,073 969 1,423 1,895 1,855 Makawao 12,800 10,409 9,979 19,005 29,207 36,476 Wailuku 19,835 19,391 22,219 32,111 45,685 61,346 Lähainä 5,973 4,844 5,524 10,284 14,574 17,967 Läna‘i 3,136 2,115 2,204 2,119 2,426 3,193 Moloka‘i 4,940 4,744 5,089 5,905 6,587 7,257 Kalawao County 340 279 172 144 130 147 Honolulu County 353,020 500,409 630,528 762,565 836,231 876,156 Honolulu 248,034 294,194 324,871 365,048 377,059 372,279 Ko‘olaupoko 20,779 60,238 92,219 109,373 117,694 117,994 Ko‘olauloa 5,223 8,043 10,562 14,195 18,443 18,899 Waialua 7,906 8,221 9,171 9,849 11,549 14,027 Wahiawä 17,363 34,595 37,329 41,562 43,886 38,370 Wai‘anae 7,024 16,452 24,077 31,487 37,411 42,259 ‘Ewa 46,691 78,666 132,299 191,051 230,189 272,328 Kaua‘i County 29,905 28,176 29,761 39,082 51,177 58,463 Hanalei 1,619 1,312 1,182 2,668 4,631 6,348 Kawaihau 6,291 6,498 7,393 10,497 15,627 18,525 Lïhu‘e 6,760 6,297 6,766 8,590 10,663 12,022 Köloa 7,286 7,012 6,851 8,734 11,368 12,845 Waimea 7,949 7,057 7,569 8,593 8,888 8,723

Source: Robert C. Schmitt, Demographic Statistics of Hawaii: 1778-1965. (Honolulu, 1968). Hawaii State, Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism. The State of Hawaii Data Book. (Honolulu)

oha.org | 2011 KA PUKE ‘IKEPILI O NÄ ‘ÖIWI HAWAI‘I 84 ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION (X) 170 3,135 7,345 66,921 2010 953,207 185,079 144,444 1,360,301 (X) 160 3,193 7,404 58,303 2000 876,151 148,677 117,644 1,211,537 (X) 230 2,426 6,717 91,361 50,947 1990 836,231 120,317 1,108,229 (X) 226 2,119 6,049 92,053 62,823 38,856 1980 762,534 964,660 (X) 237 2,204 5,261 63,468 38,691 29,524 1970 630,497 769,882 (X) 254 2,115 5,023 61,332 35,717 27,922 1960 500,409 632,772 (X) 222 3,136 5,280 68,350 40,103 29,683 1950 353,020 499,794 U.S. Census Year 1 182 POPULATION 3,720 5,340 73,276 46,919 35,636 1940 257,696 422,770 2 136 2,356 5,032 73,325 48,756 35,806 1930 202,887 368,300 3 185 191 1,784 64,895 36,080 29,247 1920 123,496 255,881 2 131 208 1,791 81,993 55,382 28,623 23,744 1910 191,874 (X) 172 2,504 58,504 46,843 25,416 20,562 Population of Hawai‘i by Island: U.S. Census 1900-2010. 1900 154,001 Island O‘ahu Hawai‘i Maui Läna‘i Kaho‘olawe Moloka‘i Kaua‘i Ni‘ihau Total (X) Not applicable Table 1.36 Table Robert C. Schmitt, Demographic Statistics of Hawaii: 1778-1965. (Honolulu, 1968). Hawaii State, Department Business. Source: The State of Hawaii Data Book. (Honolulu). Economic Development and Tourism, was conducted in 1900. Islands in the Hawaiian Census” “U.S. The first •

2011 NATIVE HAWAIIAN DATA BOOK | oha.org ‘EKAHI | CHAPTER 1: HELUNA KÄNAKA | POPULATION 85

ate Department of Business. of Business. ate Department 2010  Ni‘ihau Kaua‘i Moloka‘i -1965. (Honolulu, 1968). Hawaii St 1968). (Honolulu, -1965. Year Census ā na‘i L ate of Hawaiÿi by Island: 1900 Island: by ate of Hawaiÿi Maui Hawai‘i O‘ahu Robert C. Schmitt. Demographic Statistics of Hawaii: 1778 Demographic C. Schmitt. Robert Figure 1.36 Population of the St Figure 1.36 Population Source: Robert C. Schmitt. Demographic Statistics of Hawaii: 1778-1965. (Honolulu, 1968). Hawaii State Department Business. Source: The State of Hawaii Data Book. (Honolulu). Economic Development and Tourism. Source:

Economic Development and Tourism. The State of Hawaii Data Book. (Honolulu). (Honolulu). Data Book. State of Hawaii The Tourism. and Development Economic 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000

1,200,000 1,000,000 Population

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1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

A few relevant features of the Native Hawaiian population are:

• The population trend for Native Hawaiians shows a steady annual growth; • The differences on the definition of Native Hawaiian/Hawaiian and data collection methods have resulted in wide difference in population estimates for Native Hawaiians. Population estimates range from 239,655 (19.8 % of the State population) to 254,910 (22.1% of the State population); • Over 40% of the Native Hawaiian population in the United States resides on the continental United States. An unknown number of Native Hawaiians reside in foreign countries around the world; • The Native Hawaiian population’s ratio female/male is fairly well balanced across all islands; • Individuals 18 years of age and younger comprise over 40% of the Native Hawaiian population; and • The elderly population (65 years and older) is small, but the numbers are increasing.

Overall, the review of current statistics for the Native Hawaiian population reveals a rapidly growing population, predominantly young in composition, racially mixed, gender-balanced, urbanite, and single.

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