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UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Reimagining Paradise: Public Culture and the Los Angeles Hawaiian Community, 1950s- present Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kj7w4g2 Author Cupchoy, Lani Publication Date 2015 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Reimagining Paradise: Public Culture and the Los Angeles Hawaiian Community, 1950s-present DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History by Lani Cupchoy Dissertation Committee: Professor Vicki L. Ruiz, Chair Professor Yong Chen Associate Professor Glen Mimura 2015 © 2015 Lani Cupchoy DEDICATION To my parents in recognition of their lucha, educational values, and unconditional aloha. “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” Nelson Mandela ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii CURRICULUM VITAE viii ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION xi INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: Hawaiian Festivals and the Performance of Identity 15 CHAPTER 2: Hawaiian Food in Los Angeles 45 CHAPTER 3: Iconography of Hawaiianess 87 CHAPTER 4: Reclaiming Hawaiian Identity 144 CONCLUSION 192 BIBLIOGRAPHY 194 iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Illustration 1 The Royal High Court Investiture at Aloha Festivals, Waikiki, 2013. 19 Illustration 2 Pau Rider Adele Kauilani Robinson Lemke, 1913. 21 Illustration 3 Nisei Week Grand Parade, Los Angeles, 1976. 25 Illustration 4 Hokulea in Long Beach Harbor, 1995. 33 Illustration 5 Food servers at the Hawaiian Civic Club Festival, 1992. 35 Illustration 6 ‘SPAM, Hawaii’s Official State Food’ T-shirt, 2007. 53 Illustration 7 Map of Hawaiian restaurants used as a research base. 58 Illustration 8 The Grand Opening of the Gardena Bowl Coffee Shop, ca. 1948. 62 Illustration 9 King’s Hawaiian Bakery and Restaurant, Torrance, California. 64 Illustration 10 Front of Roy’s Restaurant, Downtown Los Angeles, California. 66 Illustration 11 Front of Roy’s Restaurant, Pasadena, California. 67 Illustration 12 Miki Chan’s Chinese-Hawaiian fast-food delicatessen. 68 Illustration 13 Shakas Hawaiian Flavors Website Advertisement. 72 Illustration 14 Inside view of Back Home in Lahaina, Carson, California. 75 Illustration 15 Inside view of Back Home in Lahaina, Manhattan Beach, California. 76 Illustration 16 C&H Poster, 1959. 90 Illustration 17 Hawaiian Pineapple Company Advertisement, 1928. 95 Illustration 18 Hawaiian Pineapple Company Advertisement, 1928. 97 Illustration 19 Dole Pineapple Juice Advertisement, 1935. 99 Illustration 20 Dole Pineapple Juice Advertisement, 1935. 101 Illustration 21 Kona Coffee Advertisement in San Francisco Harbor, 1875. 104 iv Illustration 22 Kona Coffee Advertisement in The Hawaiian Gazette, 1894. 105 Illustration 23 Kona Coffee Wing Brand in The Maui News, 1922. 107 Illustration 24 Kona Coffee Mayflower Brand in The Garden Island, 1920. 109 Illustration 25 Mauna Loa Macadamia Nut Color Advertisement, 1980. 114 Illustration 26 Hawaiian Papaya Exports in Value, 2012. 117 Illustration 27 Research study format, GMO Free Hawaii Marketing, 2006. 119 Illustration 28 GMO Free Hawaii Marketing of the Hawaiian Papaya, 2006. 120 Illustration 29 Walt Disney’s Enchanted Tiki Room Poster, 1963. 125 Illustration 30 Walt Disney’s Enchanted Tiki Room Brochure, 1963. 126 Illustration 31 Black and white postcard of Enchanted Tiki Room, 1963. 128 Illustration 32 Hawaiian Punch Advertisement, 1965. 130 Illustration 33 Hawaiian Punch Advertisement, 2003. 130 Illustration 34 Old Lahaina Premium Rum, 2009. 135 Illustration 35 Sammy’s Beach Bar and Rum, 2011. 137 Illustration 36 Koloa Rum, 2009. 140 Illustration 37 Creating Hawaii, Smithsonian National Museum, 2009-2011. 144 Illustration 38 Ka Lama Hawaii, 1834. 150 Illustration 39 Ke Aloha Aina, 1895. 151 Illustration 40 Winona “Auntie Nona” Beamer. 157 Illustration 41 George “Uncle George” Naope. 160 Illustration 42 Polynesian Voyaging Society Hokulea Design. 164 Illustration 43 Hokulea Voyages, 1976-2014. 171 Illustration 44 Hawaiian Hall at Bishop Museum. 175 v Illustration 45 Map of Kahoolawe, 2012. 178 Illustration 46 “Missile Shells” featured in the Kahoolawe exhibit, 2002. 179 Illustration 47 “Barefoot” featured in the Kahoolawe exhibit, 2002. 180 Illustration 48 Native Hawaiian elders traveling to Kahoolawe, 1976. 182 Illustration 49 Ceremony on Kanaloa, Kahoolawe, 1976. 183 Illustration 50 George Helm, Founder of Protect Kahoolawe Ohana, 1972. 185 Illustration 51 Nineteenth-century Hawaiian Necklace, Pacifika exhibit, 2008. 189 vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My deepest appreciation to my committee chair, Professor Vicki L. Ruiz, whose expertise, guidance, understanding, and patience added considerably to an invaluable doctoral experience. Her genius and vision empowered me to manifest into reality a highly personal story and account of a community that has long been silenced by a colonial past. It is under and through her mentorship that I found my voice. I would also like to thank my committee members, Professor Yong Chen and Professor Glen Mimura, for serving as intellectual resources at every step of the way and whose unwavering support from philosophical insights to exchanges of knowledge provided for an enriching experience. Gracias to my entire family for the support they provided me throughout my entire life, especially my mom, Eva for her love and encouragement. In particular, I must acknowledge my dad, Robert, for his assistance throughout my doctoral experience. My fondest aloha to all of the contributors in this study who opened up their homes, businesses, hearts, and archives granting permission to document “our” story including the different families in the Los Angles Hawaiian community, restaurateurs, the Hawaiian Inter-Club Council of Southern California, UCLA PISA, and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. vii CURRICULUM VITAE Lani Cupchoy 2015 Ph.D. in History, University of California at Irvine Emphasis on United States History and World History 2005 M.A. in History, California State University at Los Angeles Focus on Latin American Studies and United States History 2002 B.A. in History, University of California at Los Angeles Focus on Asian-American Studies and Chicana/o Studies PUBLICATIONS “The Heart of a Hawaiian: We Are Mauna Kea.” Honolulu Civil Beat, http://www.civilbeat.com/connections/the-heart-of-a-hawaiian-we-are-mauna-kea. August, 2015. “Montebello Unified and the March of Ethnic Studies.” Pasadena Star News, http://www.pasadenastarnews.com/opinion/20150302/montebello-unified-and-the-march-of- ethnic-studies-guest-commentary. March, 2015. “Youth Fight Childhood Obesity and Diabetes Through School-based Gardening and Student- Run Farmers’ Markets.” Community Greening Review: American Community Gardening Association. Vol. 16, 2011: 8. “Fragments of Memory: Tales of a Wahine Warrior.” Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2010: 35. “Not Just About UH Football: Bypass Road Threatens Hawaii’s Warrior Heritage.” Hawaii Island Journal. Vol. 10, No. 1, (January 2008): 5. “Essay of Honor: Lani Cupchoy.” In Iris Chang and the Forgotten Holocaust: Best Essays from Iris Chang Memorial Essay Contest 2006. Ed. Global Alliance for Preserving the History of WWII in Asia. New York: Cozy House Publisher, 2007: 53-56. viii FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS, AWARDS, AND GRANTS 2009-2010 PAGE (Publicly Active Graduate Education) Fellowship Imagining America: Artists and Scholars in Public Life 2008-2009 Humanities Out There Graduate Student of the Year Award University of California at Irvine 2007-2008 Peggy and Alex Maradudin Graduate Fellowship University of California at Irvine 2007-2008 UCI Faculty Mentor Program Diversity Fellowship University of California at Irvine 2007-2008 Chancellor’s Doctoral Incentive Program Fellowship The California State University 2006-2007 Hispanic Scholarship Fund-Southern California Scholar Hispanic Scholarship Fund 2006-2007 David and Pearl Louie Scholarship Chinese Historical Society of Southern California CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS AND LECTURES “Native Storytellers Across the World,” College of Social Sciences, University of Hawaii at Maui College, HI, (July 2014). “Food Justice in Los Angeles: The Campaign for a Healthier Bell Gardens and the Fight Against Obesity and Diabetes in Bell Gardens,” Honors College of Social Sciences, California State University at Los Angeles, CA, (January 2014). “From Orange County to Hawaii: Engaging Communities through History, Teaching, and Public Scholarship,” Imagining America: Artists and Scholars in Public Life Conference, New Orleans, LA, (October 2009). “Mediating the Tales of a Wahine Warrior: ‘Conscientious Reconstruction’ through Colonial Text and Post-Colonial Memory,” Pacific Coast Branch-American Historical Association Conference, Pasadena, CA, (August 2008). “History Beyond the Campus: Mass Media, New Media, K-12 Outreach,” History Department, University of California at Irvine, CA, (March 2008). “Remembering Iris Chang: The Politics of World Memory,” Department of History-Asian American Studies, California State University at Los Angeles, (February 2008). ix TEACHING, RESEARCH, AND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2013-2017 Member-Elect, Montebello School Board of Education Montebello Unified School District 2011-2015 Project Coordinator, Campaign for a Healthier Bell Gardens Family Health Care Centers of Greater Los Angeles
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