Safety evaluation of chemicals in food: toxicological data profiles for pesticides 1. Carbamate and organophosphorus insecticides used in agriculture and public health

The sources of the scientific information used over the past several years by the Joint FAOQ WHO Meetings on Pesticide Residues in carrying out toxicological evaluations are classified systematically according to compound and subject for the first time in this paper. It is hoped that those engaged in the toxicological assessment ofpesticide chemicals, for the purpose of standardizing pesticide tolerances or for developing criteria of acceptability, will profit from this classification.

The introduction during the last few decades agencies concerned with all these issues. The problem of pesticide chemicals to combat disease and to in- becomes crucial when the international trade in crease food production has brought about undeni- food commodities is brought into the picture. able benefits. For the foreseeable future the need There are, consequently, some fundamental for pest control chemicals, and therefore their considerations of pesticide management for which production, will continue to increase. In addition internationally agreed action is required in order to established products, new chemicals are continually to coordinate national with international regulatory being brought into use, and the advent of the efforts. The existing international activities in the " new generation " pesticides, consisting of biological field of pesticides have been in operation for several materials such as viruses, bacteria, juvenile hormones, years. These comprise, among others, the work growth hormones, and pheromones, is in sight. of the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Chemical pesticides, however, are still the most Residues and the Codex Committee on Pesticide important tool in agricultural, industrial, and Residues of the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards public health technology. Programme; the first has been in operation since All pesticides are by nature toxic to one or more 1961 and the second since 1966. It remains to be forms of life, and it was realized at an early stage seen whether these activities at the international by many users that there was a certain risk attached level will continue at their present pace, or whether to their use and that some rationalization should a more modern and dynamic international manage- be introduced in order to minimize unwanted ment system for pesticides will be established by effects on the environment and human health. the international community under the increasing In many countries, government agencies have been pressure of a world-wide demand for food, feeds, established for this purpose, and in many others fibres, forest products, and higher standards of the establishment of similar departments at govern- living, public heath, and human comfort. ment level are currently being planned. Registration A wealth of information, both published and schemes have been adopted by most developed unpublished, has been assembled on the toxicology and by many developing nations, but there is great of pesticides at the international level during the variation in the way in which these operate and course of the activities of the Joint FAO/WHO in the data they require for the approval ofa pesticide. Meeting on Pesticide Residues. These data have These national attempts reflect the complexity of the been used in evaluating toxicologically many pesti- many interests affected, among which are agricul- cides, and recommended acceptable daily intake tural producers, the pesticide industry, public health and residue limit figures have been issued. It has, authorities, the scientific community, consumer however, been stated that in using the concepts of and environmental interests, and government acceptable daily intake and maximum residue limits, -1- 2 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3 it is not sufficient merely to consult a list of figures, guidelines laid down relating to the control of the but account must also be taken of the evidence on use ofpesticides, toxicological investigations required, which these figures have been based.a and basic requirements for the establishment of The present systematic classification of the avail- residue tolerances and scientific and regulatory able sources of data on pesticide toxicity was under- information services. In particular, it was recom- taken bearing in mind this particular aspect of the mended that studies be undertaken to evaluate the problem, and it is hoped that the classification will evidence, including both published and unpublished be valuable to all individuals or groups involved in toxicological and other pertinent data, on those the toxicological assessment of pesticide chemicals. pesticides known to leave residues in food when used according to good agricultural practice, and BACKGROUND that conclusions be issued in the form of acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) supported by explanations Following a recommendation of the European of the basis for each value. Commission in Agriculture at its 10th Session in In 1962 an FAO Conference on Pesticides in Agri- 1958, the Food and Agriculture Organization of culture e was held in Rome and was attended the United Nations convened in 1959 a Panel of by national delegates. Its primary purpose was Experts on the Use of Pesticides in Agriculture., to formulate and recommend a plan for future This panel reviewed some major problems on the action concerning scientific, legislative, and regu- use of pesticides, such as the role of pesticides in latory aspects of the use of pesticides in agriculture. agriculture, their efficient and safe use, and the The conference noted that there were no published potential risks to useful insects, livestock, and ADI figures for man and that such figures would domestic animals as well as to consumers of food- be of great assistance to countries that were able to stuffs, and touched on the legislative control of establish pesticide tolerances in food. pesticide residues. Noting that questions relating In May 1963 the Sixteenth World Health Assembly to intentional food additives used by the food approved the establishment of a Joint FAO/WHO processing industry were already being dealt with programme on food standards,f with the Codex by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Alimentarius Commission as its principal organ. Food Additives,C the panel recommended that Within the framework of this programme, a Codex studies be undertaken jointly by FAO and WHO Committee on Pesticide Residues was set up by the on: (a) the hazards to consumers arising from Commission in June of the same year.9 The Second pesticide residues in and on food and feedstuffs; FAO/WHO Joint Conference on Food Additives,h (b) the establishment of principles governing the which was held during the same month, noted that setting up of pesticide tolerances; (c) the feasibility pesticide residues had been dealt with in separate of preparing an international code for toxicological FAO/WHO programmes. In September-October and residue data required in achieving the safe 1963, the WHO Expert Committee on Pesticide use of pesticides; and (d) the ways and means of Residues and the FAO Committee of Agriculture disseminating to the public adequate information met jointly in Geneva i and in 1965 in Rome.1 on precautionary measures employed to protect These meetings were concerned with establishing consumer interests. In order to implement these acceptable daily intakes. The reports from these recommendations a joint meeting between the WHO meetings and the supporting documents were then Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues and the considered by the FAO Working Party on Pesticide FAO Panel of Experts was held in Rome in 1961.d At this meeting, problems were examined and e FAO. Report of the FAO Conference on Pesticides in Agriculture. Meeting Report No. PL/1962/17 (1962). a WHO/FAO. Evaluation of the toxicity of pesticide f WHO Handbook of Resolutions and Decisions, Vol. I, residues in food. FAO Meeting Report No. PL/1963/13; 1973, p. 157. WHO/Food Add./23 (1964), p. 7. g JOINT FAO/WHO CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION. b FAO. Report of the FAO Panel of Experts on the Use of Report of the first session. ALINORM 63/12, 1963, p. 11. Pesticides in Agriculture. Meeting Report No. 1959/3 (1959) h WHO Technical Report Series. No. 264, 1963. (mimeographed document No. FAO/59/6/4357). i WHO/FAO. Evaluation of the toxicity of pesticide c For a historical account of this Joint FAO/WHO residues in food. FAO Meeting Report No. PL/1963/13; Committee see: VETrORAZZI, G. The safety evaluation of food WHO/Food Add./23 (1964). additives: the dynamics of toxicological decisions. Lebensm. i WHO/FAO. Evaluation of the toxicity of pesticide Wiss. Technol., 8: 195-201 (1975). residues in food. FAO Meeting Report No. PL/1965/10; d WHO Technical Report Series. No. 240, 1962. WHO/Food Add./26.65 (1965). PESTICIDES 3

Residues with a view to recommending tolerances Expert Advisory Panel on Food Additives and other and appropriate methods of analysis.a related panels. Joint Meetings of the WHO Expert Committee The WHO membership for the different meetings on Pesticide Residues and the FAO Working Party of the Joint Meeting has been drawn largely from of Experts on Pesticide Residues (also referred disciplines related to some areas of toxicology. to as the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide National food regulatory agencies or departments Residues or, simply, the Joint Meeting) have been have always been very well represented as have held annually since 1966. During the last 14 years, national laboratories connected with regulatory about 25 publications have been issued by the two departments. The Joint Meetings are held alterna- sponsoring organizations on this subject. These tively in Geneva and Rome, and the proceedings are publications contain the deliberations/recommenda- contained in reports published after each meeting. tions of these expert committees, as well as sum- These reports outline the general principles and sum- maries and toxicological and residue studies with marize conclusions reached (acceptable daily intakes, their respective references for a number of the most maximum residue limits) and recommendations made commonly and widely used agricultural pesticides. in carrying out the evaluation of pesticide chemicals. The reports are supplemented by accompanying ASSESSMENT OF TOXICITY volumes containing summaries of toxicological and residue studies for each of the individual pesticides WHO Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues considered at the meeting. This expert committee lies within the framework of the activities of the World Health Organization Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues and, since it has been held in conjunction with FAO, In addition to the functions outlined above, and it has also been affected by the general guidelines that in common with all these expert groups, the Joint direct collaboration between these two organizations. Meeting also acts as an advisory body to the Joint WHO expert committees are convened to give FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission, and advice on technical and scientific matters. Members especially to its Committee on Pesticide Residues. of these committees serve in their personal capacity, This Codex Committee is a subsidiary body com- without remuneration, and not as representatives of posed of delegates from governments comprising the governments or other institutions. The selection of Member Nations and Associate Members of the members is based primarily on ability and technical Codex Alimentarius Commission in the Joint experience, with due regard to adequate geographical FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, whose distribution. responsibility it is to propose international tolerances for pesticide residues in specific foods and submit Joint FAO/ WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues such tolerances for the consideration of the Codex The WHO Expert Committee on Pesticide Resi- Alimentarius Commission. In endorsing provisions dues and the FAO Working Party on Pesticide for tolerances in Codex Standards, the Codex Residues (henceforth referred to as the Joint Meeting) Committee takes into consideration the toxicological has met annually since 1966. However, despite the evaluations and residue limits recommended by the regularity of the meetings, the committee is an ad hoc Joint Meeting. Similarly, the FAO/WHO Secretariat, rather than a standing expert group and the member- in preparing the agenda for the Joint Meeting, takes ship at each meeting depends mainly on the items to into account the priorities recommended by the be discussed. The two sponsoring organizations each Codex Committee. invite a number of experts. The WHO invitees are responsible mainly for toxicological evaluations and Information requiredfor a toxicological evaluation the establishment of ADI figures for pesticides, The type ofinformation required for the assessment whereas the FAO invitees are concerned mainly of the toxicity of a chemical is a complex matter. It is with the recommendation of maximum residue limits further complicated if the assessment of toxicity and methods of analysis. The WHO members of the relates principally, as in the case of pesticide residues, Joint Meeting are usually selected from the WHO to chronic rather than to acute effects. Examples are the carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic a FAO. Report of the Second Session of the FAO Work- ing Party on Pesticide Residues. FAO Meeting Report effects, which are insidious and hard to predict, and No. PL/1965/12 (1965). for which the levels of exposure are generally very low 4 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

but sometimes of very long duration. In addition, (e) Long-term studies-usually 80 weeks in mice, the effects observed after short-term exposure may 2 years in rats. Multi-generation studies may belong be encountered after exposures at lower levels in this category, depending on the duration of the but for longer periods of time. It can be appreciated, treatment received by each generation. therefore, how the design and suitability of a specific (f) Observations in man-mainly observations in toxicological protocol could have been, and still may individuals having had occupational or accidental be, the subject of controversy among workers in this exposure; this also includes studies with volunteers field. In general, the type of information and the under specific conditions. procedures that generate it should be designed to permit the estimation of a maximum no-effect dose Since the original compound may be chemically using laboratory animal models. The extrapolation of altered or contain unique impurities, separate studies findings and observations from the animal models to on transformation products or impurities may be man for assessing human health hazards is then necessary to assess their toxicological properties. accomplished, based on a generally agreed assump- It should be emphasized that adequate specifica- tion that if a particular effect is observed in several tions are extremely important in toxicological species of animal there is a good possibility that this evaluations. This tends to be the most neglected effect will also be observed in man; at least this aspect and at times it may deceive scientists by its possibility should not be excluded without sound, apparent simplicity. In reality, adequate specifica- specific reasons. tions are anything but simple. A pesticide name by For practical purposes only, several expert groups itself is totally useless without an accompanying in WHO have made general and specific recommen- definition of what is intended by that name. A dations as to the type of information that is required pesticide chemical is not a single compound but and how this information should be obtained. Such a commercial product that may contain perhaps recommendations are contained in various reports only 70% of the pure compound after which the resulting from the activities of these various expert product is named; it may contain 90% or 95 %, but groups, specifically for food additives,a pesticide never 100%. For the purpose of toxicological chemicals,b drugs,c and chemicals in general.d evaluations the purity of a pesticide is irrelevant, the The following types of information are usually important consideration being only whether the considered in evaluating pesticides: purity of the material used is consistent with the purity of the material that was toxicologically (a) Biochemical aspects, including the kinetics of tested. This aspect may present a number of difficul- absorption, tissue distribution and excretion, bio- ties. For example, materials that were tested many logical half-life, effects on enzymes, metabolism, etc. years ago may not have had adequate specifications (b) Special studies-carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and this may call into question the acceptability of enurotoxicity, potentiation, reproduction, terato- the toxicological data because its relevance to the genicity, etc. material manufactured at the present time is un- (c) Acute toxicity-LD50s and other similar studies, known. Furthermore, materials of different specifica- mainly involving single doses in several species of tions may have been used for different parts of the experimental animal. testing programme. These may be materials of different the manufacturer (d) Short-term studies, which generally include the grades prepared by same classical sub-acute or materials of similar grade but produced by 90-day toxicity test. These different manufacturers different It studies extend from to sexual using processes. generally weaning follows that it is highly irresponsible to carry out new maturity, usually 3 months in rodent species and toxicological tests on pesticide chemicals that are 1-2 years in dogs or monkeys. already in use without ensuring that the material used complies with the a WHO Technical Report Series, No. 144, 1958; No. 220, appropriate specifications. 1961; No. 373, 1967; No. 348, 1967; No. 539, 1974. The following type of information is usually b WHO/FAO. Evaluation of the toxicity of pesticide considered in recommending maximum residue residues in food. WHO/Food Add./23 (1964); WHO Techni- limits: cal Report Series, No. 227, 1962; No. 356, 1967; No. 513, 1973; No. 545, 1974. (a) Pesticide use pattern-pre-harvest treatment, c WHO Technical Report Series, No. 341, 1966; No. 364, and other uses. 1967; No. 403, 1968; No. 426, 1969; No. 482, 1971. post-harvest treatment, d WHO Technical Report Series, No. 546, 1974. (b) Residues resulting from supervised trials. PESTICIDES 5

(c) Fate of residues in farm animals and in plants which may be interpreted as follows: the toxicologi- and the levels of residues in food in commerce or at cal and residue methodology (1) leads to the design of the time of consumption. appropriate investigations (2), which ought to supply (d) Methods of residue analysis. adequate information (3) which, given proper interpretation (4), could assist in the formulation of (e) National tolerances. toxicological and residue limit decisions (5), which The maximum residue limits recommended by the should provide a reasonable basis for regulations (6) Joint Meeting are aimed to allow the proper use of on the safe use of a pesticide chemical. pesticides in agriculture without endangering the Steps 4 and 5 may, may not, or may only partially health of the consumer. be combined together since the interpretation of the results made by the person who conducted the Formulating toxicological decisions investigation would have to be taken into consider- It has been observed that there are two main stages ation by the group or the individual charged with in the toxicological evaluation ofa pesticide chemical. 'formulating decisions. Steps 4 and 5 may be con- The first is the collection of relevant data, which are sidered as representing the phase of toxicological usually derived from experimental testing in labo- evaluation, which will be entrusted to the Joint ratory animals and, whenever possible, from Meeting or similar groups. The two-way arrows observations in man. The second is the interpretation (a) and (b) in the diagram are intended to demon- and assessment of the data in order to arrive at a strate the dynamic character of toxicity assessment. decision about limits of acceptability that will The assessment of consumer hazards has also been protect the consumer without hampering the proper approached by encouraging the estimation of use of the chemical. This process is shown in Fig. 1, potential pesticide residue intakes, total diet surveys, and other studies aimed at ensuring that acceptable levels of intake are not exceeded by the average (a) TOXICOLOGICAL (1) population. METHODOLOGY Acceptable daily intake (ADI) The problem of extrapolation. The expression " acceptable daily intake " has become part of the terminology concerning the evaluation of pesticide (b) APPROPRIATE (2) INVESTIGATIONS chemicals carried out by the Joint Meeting, as well as the assessment of toxicity of food additives carried out by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Com- mittee on Food Additives. The expression has been extensively used to denote either a concept or a ADEQUATE (3) figure expressed in terms of milligrammes per INFORMATION kilogramme of body weight. The concept of ADI is based on the widely accepted fact that all chemicals are toxic but that their toxicities vary markedly, .... INTERPRETATION (4) T not only in nature, but also in the amount that | | 0 ~~TOXICOLOGICAL is required to produce signs of toxicity. The figure t ( EVALUATION (mg/kg body weight) is derived from experimental TOXICOLOGICAL (5) data in laboratory animals and/or appropriate DECISIONS observations in man. It is defined as the amount of a chemical that could be ingested daily without appreciable risk to the consumer, in the light of REGULATIONS all the information available at the time of the (national, interregional, evaluation. " Without appreciable risk " is taken international standards) to mean the practical certainty that injury will not Fig. 1. Flow diagram identifying the critical points and result after a life-time of exposure. objectives of the toxicological assessment of pesticide How are these figures arrived at during the residues. process of evaluation? In general, the interpretation 6 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3 of toxicological data rests on the judgement of the either the results of adequate short-term and long- experts and involves the identification of a no-effect term toxicological investigations, or satisfactory level based preferably, and when available, on information on the biochemistry and metabolic fate long-term studies in animals. This level is the daily of the compound, or both. dose that produces no indication of toxicity in the (b) Maximum residue limit. A maximum residue test animal. When the toxicological information limit is defined as the maximum concentration of available on a specific chemical is abundant, the a pesticide residue that is allowed in or on a food selection of a no-effect level from a particular commodity at a specific stage in the harvesting, investigation may require time-consuming study storage, transport, marketing, or processing of the and long considerations on the part of the experts. food, up to the final point of consumption. A maxi- Once a no-effect level on one or several animal mum residue limit is recommended only when the species has been identified and agreed upon by the available residue data so allow, and the toxicity majority of the experts, the problem of extrapolating of the pesticide and its metabolites has been from a safe level found in animals to a safe level adequately assessed. for human intake has to be accomplished. This is generally done by the application of a safety factor a (c) Extraneous residue limit.b Under certain to the no-effect level found in animals. No hard and conditions, unintentional residues may occur in fast rule can be made with regard to the magnitude a food as a result of circumstances not designed to of this safety factor, since many aspects have to be protect the food against pest attack. For example, considered, such as species differences, individual residues may occur in crops grown in soil previously variations, incompleteness of available data, and treated or contaminated by foliar treatment of a number of other matters such as considerations other crops grown earlier in the rotation. Residues of the fact that pesticide residues may be ingested may occur in animal products such as milk, milk by people of all ages throughout the whole lifespan, products, meat, and eggs, as a result of the animal that they are eaten by the sick as well as the healthy, feed having received pesticide treatment. To facilitate and that there are wide variations in individual the control of these conditions, extraneous residue dietary patterns. limits are recommended when the available residue Whatever the safety factor employed in extra- data so allow, and the toxicity of the pesticide and polating from animal models to the human situation, its metabolites has been adequately assessed. the factors chosen will necessarily always be arbitrary (d) Conditional ADL This decision relates to ones. This fact underlies the complexity of assessing conditions that have been attached to its use. health hazards of chemicals, even when the best The practice of the Joint Meeting in adopting available means are used, and it shows that a conditional ADIs has been different from that of degree of uncertainty always accompanies any the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food toxicological decision. Additives c in that it implies that there are circum- Toxicological decisions. From the above discussion stances in which provision is made for special it appears that the ADI figure is intended to represent conditions of use. an index of toxicity for either pesticide residues or (e) Temporary ADI and/or maximum residue limit. food additives, serving as a basis for assessing the An ADI or a maximum residue limit may be health hazards, if any, of chemicals in the diet. allocated temporarily, pending the provision of However, the ADI figures can also be considered additional information within a stated period of as one of the important outcomes of the toxicological time. This measure implies that the toxicological decisions indicated in the flow diagram in Fig. 1. and/or residue data are adequate to ensure the These decisions are outlined below: safety in use of the pesticide during the time for (a) ADL An ADI is allocated only to pesticide which the temporary clause applies. If the additional chemicals for which the available data include data requested do not become available within the stated period, the temporary,ADI and/or maximum a For a more detailed discussion of " safety factor " see: residue limit may be withdrawn at a future meeting VETrORAZZI, G. The safety evaluation of food additives: the dynamics of toxicological decisions. Lebensm. Wiss. Technol., of the committee. 8: 195-tO1 (1975); and VETrORAZZI, G. Toxicological decisions and recommendations resulting from the safety b This term replaces the " practical residue limit " defined evaluation of pesticides in food. CRC crit. Rev. Toxicol., in WHO Technical Report Series, No. 458, 1970, p. 36. 4: 125-183 (1975). c WHO Technical ieport Series, No. 539, 1974, p. 11. PESTICIDES 7

(f) No ADI and/or maximum residue limit. This istrative ones. These decisions should, therefore, expression is applicable to pesticides for which be based solely on technical and scientific knowledge. the available information is not sufficient to establish In turn, political and administrative decisions as their safety or when the chemical specifications are to whether a substance should be permitted or not adequate. limited in its uses are based on the toxicological (g) Decision postponed. This expression is applic- decisions that have been taken after exhaustive able to cases when no precise information is available. scrutiny of scientific facts. It follows that the avail- ability of scientific data when a toxicological (h) ADI and/or maximum residue limit withdrawn. decision is taken is crucial to the whole process of This expression relates to cases in which temporary the toxicological evaluation of a chemical. The allocations are made but provisions for additional quality of the decision will reflect the quality and information are not satisfied. quantity of the data on which it has been based. (i) Guideline levels. These levels are not recom- Sources of data on pesticide toxicity are many and mended levels based on adequate assessment of the varied, and it is unfortunate that very little of the toxicity of a pesticide, but are sometimes included existing scientific information on pesticides is in the proceedings of the Joint Meeting to assist published. The Joint Meeting has commented on this administering authorities. The residue levels indi- fact on several occasions; for instance, in 1961 it cated by these guideline levels are those that need stated that difficulty in the independent evaluation of not be exceeded if good practices are followed. the safe use of pesticides was due to the fact that some of them had been brought into use without full Administrative aspects a publication of the experimental work. The Joint It has been observed above that the assessment Meeting urged WHO and FAO to make every effort of the toxicity of a pesticide should be thought to persuade investigators to publish their results in of as having a dynamic character. This is parti- adequate detail.b In 1969, during the course of cularly true with regard to the assessment of the toxicological evaluations by the Joint Meeting, toxicity of those pesticide chemicals which, because deficiencies were encountered in information, parti- of their nature or use, need to be kept under constant cularly concerning pesticides that had been in use for review. In addition, new information may become a long time or which had not been covered by patent available and may require a revision of previous rights and which were not actively promoted by decisions. In the terminology of the Joint Meeting commercial interests. With these compounds, it this situation is referred to as "re-evaluation of seemed unlikely that the necessary research would be a pesticide ". This task has frequently required the undertaken unless it were initiated by official bodies adoption by the Joint Meeting of administrative and supported by public funds.c attitudes designed to ensure the continued awareness Research promoted by commercial companies, of parties interested in generating scientific data and even that initiated by official bodies, is very and aimed at establishing the safety of pesticide often somewhat confidential and consequently may chemicals. The adoption of temporary ADI and/or not appear in the published literature. It was felt that maximum residue limits, the indication of further the Joint Meeting was unable to accept and take into work required and/or desirable, and the establish- account confidential information because it was ment of deadlines for submission of this work are important that the data on which the assessment was a few examples of such administrative measures. based should be generally available for reference purposes; it is, in fact, the policy of FAO and WHO SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION to make available to bona fide scientists, on request, copies of the unpublished reports quoted in the pro- Nature of data and sources of information ceedings of the Joint Meeting. It was also agreed that Toxicological decisions regarding the safety of it would not be possible to set ADIs or tolerances for a substance in general, or its safe limits in particular, pesticides on the basis ofabstracts or briefsummaries belong in the domain of technical and scientific of experimental data; for such purposes a full decisions rather than in that of political and admin- disclosure of relevant data was necessary.d Similar

a For more details of these aspects see VETrORAZZI, G. b WHO Technical Report Series, No. 240, 1962, p. 9. The role of the World Health Organization in pesticide c WHO Technical Report Series, No. 488, 1970, p. 14. research. Toxicology, 4: 31-40 (1975). d WHO Technical Report Series, No. 474, 1971, p. 8. 8 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3 observations were made in 1971 when the Joint Meet- summaries of toxicological studies and chemical data ing re-affirmed the principles that the establishment taken into consideration by the experts during the of ADIs and residue limits should be based on all evaluation of individual pesticides. The reports are relevant data available at the time of evaluation, published both by WHO (in the Technical Report that the data used for these purposes should be Series) and FAO (in FAO Agricultural Studies) available to bona fide scientists on request, and that separately and they are translated into the working any data used for the establishment of ADIs and languages of the two organizations. Similarly, the residue limits might be quoted in the monographs volumes containing the monographs on each and reports of the Joint Meeting.a pesticide are published by WHO (Pesticide Residue In commenting on the nature of data and on Series) and FAO (FAO Documents) separately. sources of information, the Joint Meeting in 1972 These documents have been included in the reference remarked that the data considered included informa- section of this study under " WHO/FAO". tion from the published literature, government The way in which a monograph for a particular legislation submissions from manufacturers, and pesticide appears in the published form reflects reports on research from various sources including the character of the whole process of toxicological manufacturers, universities, agricultural research evaluation. For example, a compound might have stations, and toxicological laboratories. Generally, been evaluated for the first time in 1965, and the bulk of the information comes from manufac- subsequently. re-evaluated in 1968, 1972, etc., and turers as submitted to regulatory authorities. Infor- monograph addenda may be found scattered in mation from government agencies concerning toxi- several publications. No single document is at cology, permitted uses, results of residue surveys present available that combines the original mono- and analyses made on commodities moving in graph and all the subsequent addenda. commerce, and the need to use a particular pesticide is valuable but rarely available. On that occasion, Toxicological summaries the hope was expressed that a suitably qualified The bulk of a toxicological monograph comprises organization would take up the task of collecting summaries of experimental data, which are intended and collating the toxicological data required by the to bring out the essential points of an experimental Joint Meeting, especially on those compounds not study that is sometimes several hundred pages long. sponsored by single manufacturers.b In 1974 it was A toxicological summary generally contains the again observed that in some instances members of the following elements: (a) designation of animal Joint Meeting were aware of the existence of infor- species employed in the test; (b) number of animals mation that had not been made available for in test and control groups; (c) sex of animals; evaluation. The Joint Meeting therefore urged that (d) identification of the substance administered; every effort should be made to seek the cooperation (e) purpose or objective of the experiment; (f) dose of governments, industry, and others to ensure that levels of treatment (levels in the diet as well as their complete data relating to all compounds reviewed at equivalent in mg/kg body weight); (g) route(s) of the Joint Meeting are made available. c administration; (h) duration of the treatment and/or the experiment if they are different in length; (i) Treatment of information biological parameters examined; (j) effects observed; Reports of the Joint Meeting outline the general and (k) reference to the author(s). principles for the evaluations made and summarize conclusions reached and recommendations made by Toxicological data profiles the experts in carrying out the toxicological evalua- As stated above, the type of information required tion of pesticide chemicals. The reports are supple- for the assessment of the toxicity of a chemical is mented by accompanying volumes containing rather complex. The monographs produced by monographs with toxicological and residue evalua- WHO give an account of many of the studies per- tions, comments and appraisals, and acceptable formed, but at present only a detailed study of all daily intake and residue limit figures, together with existing documents concerning a particular pesticide for which an assessment has been made can detect the existence of an experimental study pertaining to a a WHO Technical Report Series, No. 502, 1972, p. 7. b WHO Technical Report Series, No. 525, 1973, p. 14. toxicological decision. Since no single document is c WHO Technical Report Series, No. 574, 1975, p. 19. available that gives a complete picture of the PESTICIDES 9 evaluation of each compound, attempts have been information make it difficult for the uninitiated to made to summarize the main toxicological aspects locate information. of the pesticides so far evaluated by the Joint In order to overcome this difficulty, and to present Meeting.a However, these brief reviews did not, an updated picture of the experimental work taken because of their character, take into account the into consideration by the Joint Meeting in formulat- wealth of experimental data on which the toxico- ing toxicological decisions and making recommenda- logical decisions were made. Furthermore, the num- tions, the relevant references are listed at the end of ber and type of documents containing the relevant this article and are indexed by compound and subject in Table 1. Table 2 lists the figures for acceptable daily intakes recommended for the pesti- a VErroRAzzI, G. State of the art of the toxicological cides mentioned in Table evaluation carried out by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert 1.b Committee on Pesticide Residues. 1. Organohalogenated pesticides used in public health and agriculture. Residue b A full list of the chemical names of pesticide chemicals Rev., 56: 107-134 (1975); II. Carbamate and organo- mentioned in Tables 1 and 2 appears in LOWE, D. A. & phosphorus pesticides used in public health and agriculture. STILES, A. R. Pesticides: nomenclature, specifications, analysis, Residue Rev., 63: (1976) (in press); III. Miscellaneous pesti- use, and residues in foods. Geneva, World Health Organiz- cide. Residue Rev. 66 (1977) (in press). ation, 1974 (Progress in Standardization: 1). Table 1. Index to the references Long-term Toxicological | |Special toxicological studies |Acute toxicityShort-term| toxic ,ological studies toxicological evaluation: Compound ~~~aspects studies cno-effect levels

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92 bromophos85 27 124 143 118 292536115 142 28 40 41276 32 101 108 26112 120 105 129153 10 30 0 4 170 123 107 140 153 3810 9 171 314 113 14418 121 126 11745 151

147 133 166~~~~~~~~4

156137 7169 4 4 138 173 79 566 141 178358 16 1 l6l l7l6164 Table 1. Index to the references (continued)

Long-term ToxicologicalI Compound |Biochemical |Special toxicological studies |Acute toxicity Short-term toxicological studies toxicological evaluation: studies no-effect levels

>.194~~>.92~~~~~ 19 19 17 19

198 chlorfenvinphos | 208 214 207 215 20 224 206 221 206 209 209 208 20fi 206 221 | 206c*- .2 -0 c 242520 21 21 22 1 0 0 2

233 252 238 249 239 256 245 242~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 25 E4 255 243 24C925 250 241 256~~0 206 206 213 219 222 219 220 coumaphos~ ~~~W.|=m7 22 7 0 >. a 6 26 26 25 25 25 27 20

20 218 20 191 187 1987 crufomateb~~~~~~~~~~8 8 881 9 9 9 9 9 9 91 8 204 228 244 237 244 229 237 294284 ~~19 19223 230 245 236_ 296 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9

chlorenvin-Smehos 20 21403 2987 20 224 20 221 206 209 209 20 126 206 299 206 21421 201 21 216 221 21 300822 260 263 263 262 216 21660216 262 .278 279 217 223 218 273 799213 278 279

292 292 285 292 292 285

chloPyrifose IS0 commo 242e 23 2-chloro-4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl6methyl1methylphosphoramidate

298 297 311 793 792 785 300 800 801 - 301 806 8.03 308 806 312 803 810 Table 1. Index to the references (continued) | Long-term Toxicological l |Acute toxicityShort-termtoxic ological studies toxicological evaluation: CompoundBiochemcts | Special toxicological stuJdies studies s no-effect levels

.0C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ E

'M 5. E . : g . i 5 e ° E e e c 1 1 1 1 1 1 demeton-S-methylsulphon~~~~~323 31C1 1 1 1 E X 3 E 3 E X ° E E

319 793 792 785 320 801 332 t51 30 | 4 3 2 3438 29392 2 806 803 | 343 diazinon 342 20 | 341 806

38 34 82 30 391 36 E6 8 9 40 3733 370~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 338 326 3369 334 328 326 326 328 329 334 329 deeonSmthluphn 337 384 314 313971 36 33 39 1 1 1 337 331 338 339 321 35516 4 345 340

366 399 404 355 393 369 363 399 364 422 419 414~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 367 424~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 3768 371 372 dioathinon 3427 3242 20 3429 3312 430 33 349 33 42533 3 4943279263

401 405 35 33 3542l

337 422 415 415 4262 422 422

429 429 429 429 429 Table 1. Index to the references (continued)

Long-term Toxicological Compound Biochemcas l Special toxicological studies |Acute toxicity | Short-term toxic ~ological studies toxicological evaluation: Vm~~~~~aponec,iSts=uEj|gtt27* studies no-effect levels c .'

E ° o E X 8o E X ° EE disulfoton1 454 303 323 | 321 20 43 44 435 462 437 | 435 435 212 | 46 43C3D 3 30 47 42 3 4 3 458441 17 441 17~~~r463

46122 x 45 lm

*thion | 467 469 480 466 46E 47 247 7 _~~~~~~ 6 7 7 47 8 1411 48 7 8

| 500 486 | 497 5 fenamiphosa~~~~~~~~~c5000 i 484749434550 511710 491 0 0 97584750 51

5050 40 52 E1 51

fenchlorphos 53~43533 52 43 310 447 4428 430 4343445252 3 536536 4369 4 5324 44 4432 453 440 4393 44 453 44 44 4584341 567 5463441 552 5452 45258

454 44547 450 443 45544 458 4483 460 459

461 451 580~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6 4968 594 59251

fenufthion |460557 64|0469259 4800 466 468 47 478 470 4604 47261 4719 473 479 474 607~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~8 47561

54508 586 famiPhoosed IS0 commo name ethy 3-ehl4-(ehyti)pey497 48749549348hylethyl)phosphoramidate.08 97508451

604 600 599 613 - Table 1 . Index to the references (continued) Long-term Toxicological Compound l lSpecial toxicological stuJdies |Acute toxicityShort-term| toxi olGgical studies toxicological evaluation: aspects studies no-effect levels

E .S ~~~~~.o fetho |6B 1667 21 62 2062 1 63 4 | 68 3561 3 66 1 | 62E3 E X E X E X X E E

625 618 625 624 62 62 |60 5 6 6 6 5 6 5 626 634 formothion ~ ~~~66 65 5 6 5 632 650 662 1 1 660~~~~~~~26651 633 652 639 653 malathion~ ~~ ~~~~~ 67cm 67 67co7 676767 6 6 64 7 646 678 67 680 67 651

660 663 663 663 fenhthihon|6916 616 6 1732 70 8 2 632 7019 7023 670 64 7 63 631709 309 635 212 62|7 2 637 69 662 617676752 3 621 635 64707 3 632 6 68629624 665 6 636 63 6373149 62 6483 3 63272 635 697 64364 635 713698 .636764 671 667 667 679 674 679 669 672 684 640~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 673 674 676

~3 710 706 700 694 700 699 694 mevinphos~ ~ ~ ~~66 66 660 665 660 66 737465369|73 2 ~9 721 724 711 711 662 665 66077 2 :5 723

678368 680673674 67 7626848267367468 mothidatohion 769 690 754 7 00 692 701 702 70497174879 0 09 717007096867607 6954 6953 69575605710 6862 77 7153 695 694 7618 7687 726 740 17 740 743 17 7413 1_

698697 767 689707 713869 8 73 705 714703 708 713 719 763 752 763 763

73273 77 727472

770 778 769 7777 778 Table 1. Index to the references (continued) Long-term Toxicological BiochemcalCompound -oloicastuies Special toxicological studies toxicityShort-term :ologcalsudies toxicological evaluation: |Acute | toxi studies E no-effect levels .<"D O~~ 31s70 31e36 20|s8 799799 3 9 2 74 (D 8834 31 1 9 E9 1 1 1 0 796~~~~~~~7 804

7680680

parathion ~ ~ 81 14 |8 79380 ~ ~~~~ 1|8 827 15 8104 82 E2 337 E835 I 811 814 1124 i oxydemthon-methyl |457 8323 3154 31 78,7 95 809 78396 31 1 79 3143816 20 79979 8932 7354| 88 1 7178 1 9 316 212 792 879 31 813 313 0 84 3 19 314 80 1 337 821 817 679 834 84~~~~21 846231 821 822 828 822 822 830 824

882~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~18 89887 894~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~287808 311 311 880~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~8 847 848

896 913 911 908 902 897 914~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~79 904 l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9 870 871 871 858 827 83 862 82 l1 865

877 883 885 885 884 885 888

900 906 899 906 899 901 : Table 1. Index to the references (concluded) Long-term Toxicological Compound l ological studies toxicological evaluation: Biochemcas Special toxicological studies |Acute toxicityShort-term studies no-effect levels | toxic EE'o

E 2 E ; E E ]ss | E 2

9 3 3 2 2 2 1M0 E4 3 924 93 3 933~~~~~

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4

965 . 954 956

90 92494 97 7 938 9370

trichlorfon | ~ ~~ 5 5 2 8 98 9492 A 5 75 A3 6 ~ 993 360360 co |A 1 1 9 ~ A14 9 ~~~~ A16 1 A5 A41 5 7 99 A1 A10 A17 A42.- A25 85 A49 A5 A13 A14 A5 337A5 997993 A18 A2 E3C4 A4 41A A4A26995 E3 s- 4 93A 998 A3 1 8 1 3 A3 9337 A26~~~~ e4 CA50>.

935 ~ ~ ~ 3 109 94A32929092 93 A43 945 ~ ~ ~ 4 A43 940 921

13592

A43~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 A44~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4

A51~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5 .~ ~ ~ 6 PESTICIDES 11

Table 2. Acceptable daily intake (ADI) figures for carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides

Maximum acceptable Compound daily intake for man Remarks WHO/FAQ references (mg/kg body weight)

azinphos-methyl 0.0025 the ADI is not applicable to the toxicology: A57, p. 122; A59, p.24; A66, p.3; A76, p.29 ethyl derivatives or to the residues in food: A66, p. 8; A74, p. 3 oxygen analogue bromophos 0.006 temporary evaluation: the toxicology: A74, p. 8 compound is scheduled for residues in food: A74, p. 19 re-evaluation in 1977 safe use: A54, p. 36 bromophos-ethyl 0.003 toxicology: A74, p. 42 residues in food: A74, p. 50 carbaryl 0.01 toxicology : A57, p. 132; A59, p. 31; A62, p. 31; A64 p. 15; A68, p. 45; A76, p. 141 residues in food : A62, p. 39; A64, p. 18; A66, p. 35; A68, p. 51; A70, p. 3; A76, p. 147 safe use: A54, pp. 45-46 carbophenothion 0.005 temporary evaluation: the toxicology: A74, p. 74 compound is scheduled for residues in food: A74, p. 82 re-evaluation in 1976. ADI relates to carbophenothion, its sulfoxide, and its sulfone, together with the corresponding oxygen analogue, if present, expressed as carbophenothion. chlorfenvinphos 0.002 expressed as the sum of alpha and toxicology: A72, p. 46 beta isomers of chlorfenvinphos residues in food: A72, p. 56 chlorpyrifos a 0.0015 toxicology: A74, p. 150 residues in food: A74, p. 162; A78, p. 149 chlorpyrifos-methyl a 0.01 coumaphos 0.0005 temporary evaluation: the toxicology: A66, p. 69 compound is scheduled for residues in food: A66, p. 76; A74, p. 211 re-evaluation in 1978 crufomate b 0.1 toxicology: A66, p. 90 residues in food: A66, p. 96; A74, p. 219 cyanofenphos c 0.005 temporary evaluation: the compound is scheduled for re-evaluation in 1978 demeton-S and 0.005 the total demeton-S-methyl, toxicology : A57, pp. 75, 81; A59, pp. 67, 75; A64, related compounds demeton-S-methylsulfon, and p. 212; A76, pp. 195,197 oxydemeton-methyl should not residues in food: A64, p. 72; A66, p. 221; A76, p. 217 exceed this figure diazinon 0.002 to be determined and expressed as toxicology : A57, p. 64; A59, p. 77; A62, p. 229; A70, the parent compound p.87 residues in food: A64, p. 81; A66, p. 112; A70, p. 95 dichlorvos 0.004 toxicology: A59, p. 86; A62, p. 69; A64, p. 91; A70, p.123 residues in food : A59, p. 84; A62, p. 76; A64, p. 93; A68, p. 77; A70, p. 136 safe use: A54, p. 46 dimethoate 0.02 as dimethoate and its oxygen toxicology : A57, p. 85; A59, p. 97; A62, p. 232; A64, analogue expressed as p.117 dimethoate residues in food: A64, p. 120; A70, p. 239 see also: A54, p. 38 dioxathion 0.0015 cis- and trans-isomers of principal toxicology: A66, p. 130 active ingredient to be determined residues in food: A66, p. 136; A74, p. 227 and expressed as sum of both disulfoton 0.002 toxicology: A76, p. 241 residues in food: A76, p. 256 ethion 0.005 to be determined as ethion and its toxicology: A66, p. 154; A74, p. 255 oxygen analogue and expressed residues in food : A66, p. 157; A68, p. 101; A70, p. 326; as ethion A74, p. 259 fenamiphos d 0.0006 refers to fenamiphos, its sulfoxide, toxicology: A78, p. 295 and its sulfone, expressed as residues in food: A78, p. 307 fenamiphos fenchlorphos 0.01 refers to fenchlorphos and its toxicology: A66, p. 175 oxygen analogue: to be residues in food: A66, p. 180; A74, p. 283 expressed as fenchlorphos a Proposed ISO common name. b 2-chloro-4- (1,1 -dimethylethyl) phenyl methyl methylphosphoramidate. c Proposed ISO common name for 0-(4-cyanophenyl) O-ethyl phenylphosphonothioate. d Proposed ISO common name for ethyl 3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl (1 -methylethyl)phosphoramidate. 12 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

Table 2. Acceptable daily intake (ADI) figures for carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides (continued)

Maximum acceptable Compound daily intake for man Remarks WHO/FAO references (mg/kg body weight)

fenitrothion 0.005 refers to fenitrothion and its toxicology: A68, p. 117; A78, p. 335 oxygen analogue residues in food: A68, p. 124; A78, p. 349 safe use: A54, p. 36; A55, pp. 18-19 fensulfothion 0.0003 refers to fensulfothion, its oxygen toxicology: A74, p. 292 analogue, the oxygen analogue residues in food: A74, p. 302 sulfone, and the sulfone: to be determined and expressed as fensulfothion fenthion 0.0005 temporary evaluation: this toxicology: A72, p. 111 compound is scheduled for residues in food: A72, p. 120 re-evaluation in 1978 safe use: A53, p. 15; A54, p. 38 formothion 0.02 ADI is applicable only to the toxicology: A68, p. 149; A76, p. 281 parent compound. The residues in food: A68, p. 152; A74, p. 325; A76, p. 284 metabolites dimethoate and omethoate should be referred to separately established ADIs leptophos a 0.001 temporary evaluation: this compound is scheduled for re-evaluation in 1978 malathion 0.02 toxicology: A57, p. 90; A59, p. 136; A62, p. 172 residues in food : A62, p. 178; A64, p. 174; A66, p. 217; A68, p. 181; A70, p. 404; A76, p. 328 safe use: A53, p. 15; A54, pp. 40-41 methidathion 0.005 toxicology: A74, p. 328 residues in food: A74, p. 341 mevinphos 0.0015 cis- and trans-isomers to be toxicology: A57, p. 95; A59, p. 148; A74, p. 387 determined and expressed as the residues in food: A74, p. 392 sum of both monocrotophos 0.0006 toxicology: A74, p. 424 residues in food: A74, p. 436 omethoate 0.0005 temporary evaluation: this toxicology: A72, p. 152 compound is scheduled for residues in food: A72, p. 159 re-evaluation in 1978 parathion 0.005 toxicology: A57, p. 103; A59, p. 153; A64, p. 216 residues in food: A64, p. 217; A68, p. 183; A70, p. 447 parathion-methyl 0.001 temporary evaluation: this toxicology: A57, p. 109; A59, p. 158; A66, p. 242 compound is scheduled for residues in food: A66, p. 246; A74, p. 483 re-evaluation in 1978. The ADI is applicable to the oxygen analogue as well phosalone 0.006 toxicology: A74, p. 494 residues in food: A74, p. 501 phosphamidon 0.001 expressed as the sum of toxicology : A57, p. 100; A59, p. 169; A62, p. 233; phosphamidon and its desethyl A66, p. 256 derivative residues in food : A66, p. 259; A68, p. 195; A74, p. 521; A78, p. 471 pirimiphos-methyl 0.005 temporary evaluation: this toxicology: A78, p. 475 compound is scheduled for residues in food: A78, p. 490 re-evaluation in 1976 propoxur 0.02 toxicology: A76, p. 331 residues in food: A76, p. 343 safe use: A54, pp. 41 -43; A55, pp. 17-18 thiometon 0.005 temporary evaluation: this toxicology: A68, p. 211; A76, p. 398 compound is scheduled for residues in food: A68, p. 214; A76, p. 402 re-evaluation in 1976. To be determined as thiometon- sulfone and expressed as thiometon thiophanate-methyl 0.08 to be determined as thiophanate- toxicology: A76, p. 410 methyl and its metabolite MBC residues in food: A76, p. 422 and expressed in terms of the latter trichlorfon 0.01 temporary evaluation: this toxicology: A72, p. 184 compound is scheduled for residues in food: A72, p. 197 re-evaluation in 1978

a 0. (4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl) 0-methyl phenylphosphonothioate. PESTICIDES 13

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1. [BAYE AG.] Pharmacokinetic studies with ref. A66, pp. 4-5, 6-7 (referred as Huntingdon "4C-labelled Gusathion A and Gusathion M Research Centre, 1966). (provisional results). Unpublished report, Iso- 11. JOHNSEN, R. E. & DAMIM, P. A. Activation and topen-Institut. Bayer AG,* 1973. Summary in degradation efficiencies of liver microsomes ref. A76, p. 29. from eight vertebrate species, using organo- 2. ARNOLD, D. ET AL. Mutagenic study with phosphates as substrates. J. econ. Entomol., Guthion in albino mice. Unpublished report, 59: 1437-1442 (1966). Industrial Biotest Labs. Chemagro Corp.,* 12. LOSER, E. & LORKE, D. Die Aktivitat der 1971. Summary in ref. A76, p. 30. Cholinesterase bei Hunden nach Verabrei- 3. DOULL, J. ET AL. Determination of the safe chung von Gusathion mit dem Futter. Unpub- dietary level of Guthion for dogs. Unpublished lished report, Institut fur Toxicologie, Wup- report, University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* pertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1967. Summary 1957. (Reported as DuBois, 1957 in ref. A57, in ref. A66, pp. 5-6. p. 123; ref. A59, p. 25). Summary in ref. A66, NOEL, P. R. B. ET AL. Gusathion (Bayer p. 5. 17147). Chronic oral toxicity study in dogs. 4. DOULL, J. ET AL. Effect of high dietary levels of Unpublished report, Huntingdon Research Guthion on rats. Unpublished report, Univer- Centre. Bayer AG,* 1966. Summary in ref. sity of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1957. (Reported A66, p. 6 (referred as Huntingdon Research as Doull et al., 1951 in ref. A57, p. 123; ref. Centre, 1966). A59, p. 25). Summary in ref. A66, p. 5. 13. MOTOYAMA, N. & DAUTERMAN, W. C. The i,t 5. DOULL, J. ET AL. Short term breeding studies vitro metabolism of azinphos-methyl by mouse with Guthion in rabbits. Unpublished report, liver. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 2: 170-177 University of Chicago. Chemagro Corp.,* (1972). 1966. Summary in ref. A66, p. 7. 14. MURPHY, S. D. Liver metabolism and toxicity 6. DOULL, J. ET AL. The effects of diets containing of thiophosphate insecticides in mammalian, Guthion (Bayer 17147) on rats. Unpublished avian and piscine species. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. report, University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* (N.Y.), 123: 392-398 (1966). 1956. (Reported as DuBois et al., 1956 in ref. 15. MuRPHY, S. D. ET AL. Comparative anticholi- A57, p. 123; ref. A59, p. 25). Summary in ref. nesterase action to organophosphorus insecti- A66, p. 5. cides in vertebrates. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 7. DuBois, K. P. ET AL. The acute mammalian 12: 22-35 (1968). toxicity and mechanism of action of Bayer 16. RIDER, J. A. ET AL. Anticholinesterase toxicity 17147. Unpublished report, University of Chi- studies with methyl parathion, Guthion and cago. Chemagro Corp.,* 1955. Summary in Phosdrin in human subjects. Fed. Proc., 30: ref. A66, p. 4. H.2 (1971). 8. DuBois, K. P. ET AL. Studies on the toxicity 17. RIDER, J. A. ET AL. Anticholinesterase toxicity and pharmacologic actions of the dimethoxy studies with Guthion, Phosdrin, Di-Syston and ester of benzotriazine dithiophosphoric acid Trithion in human subjects. Fed. Proc., 31: 520 (DBD, Guthion). J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther., (1972). 119: 208-218 (1957). 18. ROOT, M. ET AL. Effect of Guthion in the diet 9. GAINES, T. B. The acute toxicity of pesticides on the reproduction and lactation of mice. to rats. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 2: 88-89 Unpublished report, University of Chicago. (1960). Chemagro Corp.,* 1965. Summary in ref. A66, 10. HARPER, K. H. ET AL. Toxicity of Gusathion p. 7. during repeated administration to rats for two 19. SATO, J. Studies on organic phosphorus. Gusa- years. Unpublished report, Huntingdon Re- thion and Phosdrin. 1. The toxicity of Gusa- search Centre. Bayer AG,* 1966. Summaries in thion and Phosdrin. Kumamoto med. J., 12: 54: 21473 * The unpublished report was submitted privately to 313-317 (1959). (Chem. Abstr., WHO by the company indicated by the asterisk. (1960).) 14 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

20. SCHRADER, G. Die Entwicklung neuer insekti- phenyl-thionophosphat) an Huhnern. Unpub- zider Phosphosaure-Esten. Weinheim, Verlag lished report, Battelle-Institut, Frankfurt am Chemie, 1963. Main. Celamerck GmbH,* 1964. Summaries in 21. THORNTON, J. S. Analysis of urine samples ref. A74, pp. 12-13, 15. from human subjects treated orally with 29. KINKEL, H. J. Prufung des Potenzierungs- Guthion. Unpublished report, Chemagro effektes: Bromophos-EPN. Unpublished report, Corp. Research & Development Department. Battelle-Institut, Frankfurt am Main. Cela- Chemagro Corp.,* 1971. Summary in ref. A76, merck GmbH,* 1964. Summary in ref. A74, p. 30. p. 14. 22. [CELAMERCK GMBH.] Produktion und Formu- 30. KINKEL, H. J. & DIRKS, E. Investigations on lierung von Bromophos bei Laboratories Fher the cholinesterase activity in dogs after oral Spanien. Report dated 25/3/66. Unpublished application of bromophos. Unpublished re- report, Biologische Forschung C. H. Boehrin- port, Battelle-Institut, Frankfurt am Main. ger Sohn. Celamerck GmbH,* 1966. Summary Celamerck GmbH,* 1966. Summaries in ref. in ref. A74, p. 18 (referred as Boehringer, A74, pp. 9, 16. C. H. Sohn, 1966). 31. KINKEL, H. J. ET AL. Chronic oral toxicity 23. BARNES, J. M. WHO insecticide evaluation and assay of bromophos (0, 0-dimethyl-O-(2,5- testing program. Stage 1. Mammalian toxicity dichloro-4-bromophenyl)thionophosphate) on report. Unpublished report, Medical Research dogs and rats. Unpublished report, Battelle- Council Labs, Carshalton. Celamerck Institut, Frankfurt am Main. Celamerck GmbH,* 1967. Summary in ref. A74, p. 11 GmbH,* 1965. Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 9, (referred as Barnes, 1966). 11, 16-17, 17-18. 24. BYEWATER, J. Bromophos neurotoxicity test in 32. KINKEL, H. J. ET AL. Zur Toxikologie von chickens. Unpublished report, Biological Labs, Bromophos. Arch. Toxikol., 22: 36-57 (1966). Ash, Canterbury. Celamerck GmbH,* 1966. Summary in ref. A74, p. 11. 33. KINKEL, H. J. & SANN, E. Ermittlung der 25. FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION. Advisory akuten intraperitonealen Toxititat und Unter- committee on protocols for safety evaluations: suchungen uber die Hemmurkung des Prapa- panel on reproduction. Report on reproduction rates Bromophos (CELA S 1942) auf die Ery- studies in the safety evaluation of food addi- throzyten-Cholinesterase bei der Ratte. Un- tives and pesticide residues. Toxicol. appl. published report, Battelle-Institut, Frankfurt Pharmacol., 16: 264-296 (1970). am Main. Celamerck GmbH,* 1964. Summary 26. GLEES, P. Neuropathological report. Unpub- in ref. A74, p. 15. lished report, University of Gottingen. Cela- 34. KINKEL, H. J. & SEUME, F. W. Investiga- merck GmbH,* 1966. Summary in ref. A74, tions on the toxicity of 0, 0-dimethyl-0- p. 11. 2,5-dichloro-4-bromo-phenyl-thionophosphate KINKEL, H. J. & HOBNER, K. H. Histopatholo- (S 1942). Unpublished report, Battelle-Institut, gische Untersuchungen an Hirn und Rucken- Frankfurt am Main. Celamerck GmbH,* 1963. mark bei Huhnern nach oraler Applikation Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 9, 14. von Bromophos. Unpublished report, Battelle- 35. LEUSCUNER, F. (Yber die subakute Toxizitat Institut, Frankfurt am Main. Celamerck von 3 Bromophos-metaboliten bei peroraler GmbH,* 1966. Summary in ref. A74, p. 11. Verabreichung an Wister-Ratten. Unpublished 27. HERBST, P. Chronic oral toxicity tests on dogs report, Lab. fur Pharmakologie und Toxikolo- using the compound bromophos. Unpublished gie. Celamerck GmbH,* 1968. Summary in ref. report, Biologische Forschung C. H. Boehrin- A74, pp. 10-11. ger Sohn. Celamerck GmbH,* 1968. Summa- 36. LEUSCHNER, F. & LEUSCHNER, A. Untersu- ries in ref. A74, pp. 9, 12, 17 (referred as chungen uber die Wirkung von Bromophos Boehringer C. H. Sohn, 1968). auf den Foetus und das trachtige weibliche 28. KINKEL, H. J. Ermittlung der akuten peroralen Kaninchen bei peroraler Applikation. Unpub- Toxizitat und Untersuchungen uber die Neu- lished report, Lab. fur Pharmakologie und rotoxizitat des Praparates Bromophos (CELA Toxikologie. Celamerck GmbH,* 1966. Sum- S 1942 = 0, 0-dimethyl-0-2,5-dichlor-bromo- mary in ref. A74, p. 13. PESTICIDES 15

37. LEUSCHNER, F. & LEUSCHNER, A. Untersu- Biologische Forschung C. H. Boehringer Sohn. chungen uber die Einwirkung von Bromophos Celamerck GmbH,* 1967. Summary in ref. auf die Acetylcholinesterase bei Wistar-Ratten. A74, p. 12. Unpublished report, Lab. fur Pharmakologie 47. MUACEVIC, G. & GLEES, P. Bericht uiber die und Toxikologie. Celamerck GmbH,* 1966. Prufung von Bromophos an Huhnern. Unpub- Summary in ref. A74, p. 14. lished report, Biologische Forschung C. H. 38. LEUSCHNER, F. ET AL. Chronischer Repro- Boehringer Sohn and University of Gottingen. duktionsversuch iiber 3 Generationen an Celamerck GmbH,* 1968. Summary in ref. Wistar-Ratten bei fortdauernder Verabrei- A74, p. 12. chung von Bromophos. Unpublished report, 48. OETTEL, H. Ergebnis der Gewerbetoxikologi- Lab. fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. schen Vorpriufung. Unpublished report, Ge- Celamerck GmbH,* 1967. Summaries in ref. werbehyg. Pharmakol. Institut der BASF. A74, pp. 9, 13. Celamerck GmbH,* 1963. Summary in ref. 39. LEUSCHNER, F. ET AL. Ober die subakute Toxi- A74, p. 15. zitat von Desmethylbromophos bei peroraler 49. PATON, I. M. Necropsy parasite recovery data Verabreichung an Sprague-Dawley Ratten. controlled test. Unpublished report, Jensen Unpublished report, Lab. fur Pharmakologie Salsbery Lab. Celamerck GmbH,* 1965. Sum- und Toxikologie. Celamerck GmbH,* 1969. mary in ref. A74, p. 9. Summary in ref. A74, p. 11. 50. STIASNI, M. ET AL. Absorbtion, distribution, 40. MUACEVIC, G. Approximative toxicity. Bro- and metabolism of 0-(4-bromo-2,5-dichloro- mophos. Pharmakologische Untersuchung. phenyl)-O,O-dimethylphosphorothioate (bro- Unpublished report, Biologische Forschung mophos) in the rat. J. agric. Food Chem., 15: C. H. Boehringer Sohn. Celamerck GmbH,* 474-478 (1967). 1963. Summary in ref. A74, p. 15. 51. WHO TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES, No. 356, 41. MUACEVIC, G. Akute Toxizitatsversuche von 1967. Safe use of pesticides in public health: S 1942. Unpublished report, Biologische For- sixteenth report of the WHO Expert Commit- schung C. H. Boehringer Sohn. Celamerck tee on Insecticides, pp. 36-37. GmbH,* 1964. Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 14, 52. WORTH, H. M. ET AL. Effect of single doses of 15. bromophos. Unpublished report, Lilly Toxi- 42. MUACEVIC, G. Reaktivierungsversuche bei cology Lab. Celamerck GmbH,* 1967. Sum- Bromophos. Unpublished report, Biologische mary in ref. A74, p. 15. Forschung C. H. Boehringer Sohn. Celamerck 53. [CELAMERCK GmbH.] Toxicity tests with the GmbH,* 1965. Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 10, substance S2225 in rats, guinea-pigs and rab- 12, 14, 15. bits. Unpublished report, Battelle-Institut, 43. MUACEVIC, G. Approximative toxicity. Un- Frankfurt am Main. Celamerck GmbH,* 1964. published report, Biologische Forschung C. H. Summary in ref. A74, p. 46 (referred as Boeh- Boehringer Sohn. Celamerck GmbH,* 1966. ringer, 1964 and Battelle, 1964). Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 10, 14. 54. BRADFORD, H. A. Acute dermal toxicity-bro- 44. MUACEVIC, G. Approximative toxicity. Bro- mophos-ethyl (compound 70625). Unpub- mophos. Pharmakologische Untersuchung. lished report, Lilly Toxicology Lab. Celamerck Unpublished report, Biologische Forschung GmbH,* 1967. Summary in ref. A74, p. 45. C. H. Boehringer Sohn. Celamerck GmbH,* 55. LEUSCHNER, F. Acetycholinesterase activity in 1967. Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 14, 15. beagle dogs following a 6-week daily adminis- 45. MUACEVIC, G. Die Reaktivierbarkeit der Cho- tration of S 2225 by capsule. Unpublished linesterase durch verschiedener Aldoxime report, Lab. fur Pharmakologie und Toxikolo- nach Applikation von Bromophos im Ratten- gie. Celamerck GmbH,* 1966. Summaries in gehirn (in vivo-Versuche). Unpublished report, ref. A74, pp. 43, 46-47. Biologische Forschung C. H. Boehringer Sohn. 56. LEUSCHNER, F. Concerning the toxicity of Celamerck GmbH,* 1968. Summaries in ref. S 2225 after administration in the food of A74, pp. 10, 14. Wistar rats. Unpublished report, Lab. fur 46. MUACEVIC, G. & GLEES, P. Report on bromo- Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. Celamerck phos (1942) fowl trial. Unpublished report, GmbH,* 1966. Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 43,45. 16 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

57. LEUSCHNER, F. On the subacute toxicity of Unpublished report, Biologische Forschung S 2225 in rats. Unpublished report, Lab. fur C. H. Boehringer Sohn. Celamerck GmbH,* Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. Celamerck 1966. Summary in ref. A74, p. 43. GmbH,* 1966. Summary in ref. A74, p. 46. 67. MUACEVIC, G. Investigations concerning the 58. LEUSCHNER, F. Concerning the chronic toler- toxicity of S 2225 in rats, guinea pigs and ance of S 2225 during oral administration to rabbits. Supplement to the 1964 report. Un- Wistar rats. Unpublished report, Lab. fur published report, Biologische Forschung C. H. Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. Celamerck Boehringer Sohn. Celamerck GmbH,* 1966. GmbH,* 1967. Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 43, Summary in ref. A74, p. 45. 44, 45, 46. 68. MUACEVIC, G. Potentiation experiments con- 59. LEUSCHNER, F. On the chronic tolerance of ducted with bromophos-ethyl (S 2225). Part I S 2225 in beagle dogs after oral administra- and II. Unpublished report, Biologische For- tion. Unpublished report, Lab. fur Pharma- schung C. H. Boehringer Sohn. Celamerck cologie und Toxikologie. Celamerck GmbH,* GmbH,* 1966. Summary in ref. A74, pp. 45-46. 1967. Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 43, 47. 69. MUACEVIC, G. Acute toxicity test. Bromophos- 60. LEUSCHNER, F. ET AL. About the chronic toler- ethyl. Albino rats. Unpublished report, Biolo- ance of bromophos-ethyl in the reproduction gische Forschung C. H. Boehringer Sohn. test over three generation of Wistar rats. Un- Celamerck GmbH,* 1967. Summary in ref. published report, Lab. fur Pharmakologie und A74, p. 45. Toxikologie. Celamerck GmbH,* 1969. Sum- 70. MUACEVIC, G. Antidote experiment: bromo- maries in ref. A74, pp. 43, 44. phos-ethyl. Albino rats. Unpublished report, 61. LEUSCHNER, F. ET AL. About the chronic toxi- Biologische Forschung C. H. Boehringer Sohn. city of bromophos-ethyl in Wistar rats follow- Celamerck GmbH,* 1967. Summary in ref. ing oral application. Unpublished report, Lab. A74, p. 43. fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. Cela- 71. MUACEVIC, G. Potentiation experiment: bro- merck GmbH,* 1969. Summaries in ref. A74, mophos-ethyl and ethion. Male albino mice. pp. 43, 48-49. Unpublished report, Biologische Forschung 62. LEUSCHNER, F. ET AL. About the short-term C. H. Boehringer Sohn. Celamerck GmbH,* toxicity studies on bromophos-ethyl-charge 1967. Summary in ref. A74, pp. 45-46. 1487-in beagle dogs (with special attention to 72. MUACEVIC, G. A brief survey of the antidote the toxicology of the adrenal gland). Unpub- tests for bromophos-ethyl poisoning in mice lished report, Lab. fur Pharmakologie und and rats. Unpublished report, Biologische For- Toxikologie. Celamerck GmbH,* 1968. Sum- schung C. H. Boehringer Sohn. Celamerck maries in ref. A74, pp. 43, 48-49. GmbH,* 1968. Summary in ref. A74, p. 3. 63. LFUSCHNER, F. ET AL. Two years oral toxicity 73. MUACEVIC, G. Potentiation experiments with study in beagle dogs with bromophos-ethyl. bromophos-ethyl and chlorfenvinphos in mice Unpublished report, Institut fir Pharmako- and rats. Unpublished report, Biologische For- logie und Toxikologie. Celamerck GmbH,* schung C. H. Boehringer Sohn. Celamerck 1971. Summary in ref A74, p. 48. GmbH,* 1968. Summary in ref. A74, p. 46. 64. MUACEVIC, G. Report on Shg 2225. Unpub- 74. MUACEVIC, G. Time-effect dependency of the lished report, Biologische Forschung C. H. cholinesterase inhibition in erythrocytes and Boehringer Sohn. Celamerck GmbH,* 1964. plasma of male rats after administration of Summary in ref. A74, p. 45. bromophos-ethyl. Unpublished report, Biolo- 65. MUACEVIC, G. Cholinesterase activity in rats gische Forschung C. H. Boehringer Sohn. after 10-day administration of bromophos- Celamerck GmbH,* 1968. Summary in ref. ethyl (S2225). Unpublished report, Biolo- A74, p. 43. ische Forschung C. H. Boehringer Sohn. Cela- 75. MUACEVIC, G. Pharmacologic investigation of merck GmbH,* 1966. Summary in ref. A74, bromophos-.ethyl: toxicity in hens. Unpub- p. 43. lished report, Biologische Forschung C. H. 66. MUACEVIC, G. Determination of cholinesterase Boehringer Sohn. Celamerck GmbH,* 1969. activity in erythrocytes and plasma of cows Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 43, 45 (referred as treated with formulation of bromophos-ethyl. Muacevic, 1968). PESTICIDES 17

76. MUACEVIC, G. Subacute dermal toxicity with 86. [UNION CARBIDE CORP.] Untitled. Unpublished bromophos-ethyl in rabbits. Unpublished report No. 26-53, Mellon Inst., Pittsburgh, report, Biologische Forschung C. H. Boehrin- USA. Union Carbide Corp.,* 1963. Summary ger Sohn. Celamerck GmbH,* 1970. Summary in ref. A59, p. 33; ref. A62, p. 37 (referred as in ref. A74, p. 45 (referred as Muacevic, 1967). Mellon Institute, 1963). 77. MUACEVIC, G. Toxicological-pharmaceutical 87. [UNION CARBIDE CORP.] Results of a three investigations. Bromophos-ethyl: acute oral generation reproduction study on rats fed LD50 in rabbits, dogs and quails. Unpublished Sevin in their diet. Unpublished report No. 28- report, Biologische Forschung C. H. Boehrin- 53, Mellon Inst., Pittsburgh, USA. Union Car- ger Sohn. Celamerck GmbH,* 1970. Sum- bide Corp.,* 1965. Summary in ref. A62, p. 36 mary in ref. A74, p. 45. (referred as Mellon Institute, 1965). 78. STIASNI, M. Investigations concerning absorb- 88. BALBA, M. H. Synthesis of possible metabo- tion, distribution, excretion and metabolism of lites of methylcarbamate insecticide chemicals. bromophos-ethyl-3H in rats. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Ber- report, Biologische Forschung C. H. Boehrin- keley. Diss. Abstr., B, 28: 2761 (1968). ger Sohn. Celamerck GmbH,* 1967. Summary 89. BALBA, M. H. & CASIDA, J. E. Synthesis of in ref. A74, p. 42 (referred as Boehringer, possible metabolites of methylcarbamate insec- 1967). ticide chemicals. Hydroxyaryl and hydroxyal- 79. STOTZER, H. ET AL. Subacute dermal toxicity of kylphenyl methylcarbamates. J. agric. Food the substance bromophos-ethyl in rabbits Chem.,.16: 561-567 (1968). (New Zealand White). Unpublished report, 90. BALBA, M. H. ET AL. Synthesis of possible Biologische Forschung C. H. Boehringer Sohn. metabolites of methylcarbamate insecticide Celamerck GmbH,* 1970. Summary in ref. chemicals. Substituted-aryl N-hydroxy-methyl- A74, p. 48. carbamates. J. agric. Food Chem., 16: 821-825 80. TERBLANCHE, M. Toxicity of bromophos-ethyl. (1968). Unpublished report, Department of Agricul- tural Technical Services, Onderstepoort, South 91. BARON, R. L. ET AL. Specificity of carbamate- Africa. Celamerck GmbH,* 1966. Summary in induced esterase inhibition. Toxicol. appl. ref. A74, p. 43. Pharmacol., 6: 402-410 (1964). 81. VAN VUUREN, P. J. J. Whale-blood cholineste- 92. BARON, R. C. ET AL. Confirmatory isolation rase levels in cattle sprayed at weekly intervals and identification of a metabolite of carbaryl with S2225 (CELA). Unpublished report, in urine and milk. J. agric. Food Chem., 17: Agricura Labs, Silverton, South Africa. Cela- 883-887 (1969). merck GmbH,* 1964. Summary in ref. A74, 93. BENSON, B. W. ET AL. Sevin. Safety evaluation p. 43. by teratological study in the mouse. Unpub- 82. ABOU-DONIA, M. B. & DIECKERT, J. W. Gossy- lished report, Woodard Research Corp. Union pol: subcellular localization and stimulation of Carbide Corp.,* 1967. Summary in ref. A63, rat liver microsomal oxidases. Toxicol appl. p. 16. Pharmacol. 18: 507-516 (1971). 94. BEST, E. M. Jr. & MURRAY, B. L. Observations 83. ANDRAWES, N. R. ET AL. Fate of naphthyl on workers exposed to Sevin insecticide: a carbaryl in laying chickens. J. agric. Food premilinary report. J. occup. Med., 4: 507-517 Chem., 20: 608-617 (1972). (1962). 84. [UNION CARBIDE CORP.] Untitled. Unpublished 95. BLAZQUES, G. H. ET AL. Effect of pinoline (,B- report No. 21-90, Mellon Inst., Pittsburgh, pinene polymer) on carbaryl foliar residues. J. USA. Union Carbide Corp.,* 1958. Summa- agric. Food Chem., 18: 681-684 (1970). ries in ref. A59, pp. 32, 33; ref. A62, pp. 35, 36 96. BRZHESKIY, V. V. [Study of the mutagenic (referred as Mellon Institute, 1958a). properties of Sevin (carbaryl)]. Genetika, 8: 85. [UNION CARBIDE CORP.] Untitled. Unpublished 151-153 (1972) (in Russian). report No. 21-94, Mellon Inst., Pittsburgh, 97. CARPENTER, C. P. Carbaryl: data on plant USA. Union Carbide Corp.,* 1958. Summary metabolites. Unpublished report, Mellon Insti- in ref. A59, p. 32 (referred as Mellon Institute, tute, Pittsburgh, USA. Union Carbide Corp.,* 1958b). 1969. Summary in ref. A68, p. 48. 18 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

98. CARPENTER, C. P. Carbaryl: data on plant baryl metabolism in rats with monoamine oxi- metabolites. Unpublished report, Mellon Insti- dase inhibitors. J. econ. Entomol., 65: 958-962 tute, Pittsburgh, USA. Union Carbide Corp.,* (1972). 1969. Summary in ref. A68, p. 48. 112. DOROUGH, H. W. & WIGGINS, 0. G. Nature of 99. CARPENTER, C. P. ET AL. Mammalian toxicity the water soluble metabolites of carbaryl in of 1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate (Sevin bean plants and their fate in man. J. econ. insecticide). J. agric. Food Chem., 9: .30-39 Entomol., 62: 49-53 (1969). (1961). 113. DOUGHERTY, W. ET AL. The effect of carbaryl 100. CASPER, H. H. ET AL. Gastric absorption of a on reproduction in rhesus monkeys. Unpub- pesticide (1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate) in lished report, Albany Medical College, New the fasted rat. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 2: York,* 1973. Summary in ref. A76, p. 143. 391-396 (1973). 114. EHEART, J. F. ET AL. Residues of Sevin in 101. CASPER, H. H. & PEKAS, J. C. Absorption and whole milk from sprayed and dusted cows. J. excretion of radiolabeled 1-naphthyl-N-me- econ. Ent., 55: 504-505 (1962). thylcarbamate (carbaryl) by the rat. Proc. N. 115. GHADIRI, W. GREENWOOD, D. A. Toxicity and Dak. Acad. Sci., 24: 160-166 (1971). biologic effects of malathion, Phosdrin and 102. CLABORN, H. V. ET AL. Residues in body Sevin in the chick embryo. Toxicol. appl. Phar- tissues of livestock sprayed with Sevin or Sevin macol., 8: 342 (1966). in the diet. J. agric. Food Chem., 11: 74-76 116. GHADIRI, M. ET AL. Feeding of malathion and (1963). carbaryl to laying hens and roosters. Toxicol. 103. COLLINS, T. F. X. Er AL. Effects of carbaryl on appl. Pharmacol., 10: 392 (1967). reproduction of the rat and of the gerbil. 117. GOLDBERG, M. E. & JOHNSON, H. E. Potentia- Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 17: 273 (1970). tion of chlorpromazine-induced behavioral 104. COULSTON, F. Qualitative and quantitative changes by anticholinesterase agents. relationships between toxicity of drugs in man, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 16: 60-61 (1964). lower mammals and non-human primates. In: 118. GOLDBERG, M. E. & JOHNSON, H. E. Behav- Proceedings, Conference on Non-human Pri- ioral effects of a cholinergic stimulant in com- mate Toxicology, Warrenton, Virginia, June, bination 'with various psychotherapeutic 1966. US Food & Drug Administration, 1966, agents. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther., 145: 367-372 23 pp. (1964). 105. COULSTON, F. On the toxicity of carbaryl to 119. GOLDBERG, M. E. ET AL. Inhibition of discrete rats and monkeys. Unpublished report, avoidance behavior by three anticholinesterase Albany Medical College, New York,* 1967. agents. Psychopharmacologia, 7: 72-76 (1965). Summary in ref. A68, p. 49. 120. GOLDBERG, M. E. ET AL. Influence of SKF 525- 106. COULSTON, F. Effect of carbaryl upon the A on behavioral and anticholinesterase effects reproduction in monkeys. Unpublished report, of certain carbamates. Biochem. Pharmacol., Albany Medical College, New York,* 1969. 13: 1483-1488 (1965). Summary in ref. A68, p. 47. 121. GyRisco, G. C. ET AL. The effects of feeding 107. DIERINGER, C. S. ET AL. Influence of carbaryl high levels of Sevin on residue, flavour and on androgen metabolism in the prostate gland odour of the milk of dairy cattle. J. agric. Food and liver. Pharmacologist, 15: 266 (1973). Chem., 8: 409-410 (1960). 108. DOROUGH, H. W. Carbaryl-Cl4 metabolism in 122. HAJKINA, B. I. [The mechanism of effect of a lactating cow. J. agric. Food Chem., 15: 261- carbaryl on warm-blooded animals.] Gig. 266 (1967). Prim. Toks. Pesticid. i Klinika Otravl. p. 203 109. DOROUGH, H. W. & CASIDA, J. E. Nature of (1970) (in Russian). certain carbamate metabolites of the insecti- 123. HOMENKO, N. P. [Changes in the membrane cide Sevin. J. agric. Food Chem., 12: 294-304 potentiality of the motoneurons of the spinal (1964). cord under the effect of carbaryl and chloro- 110. DOROUGH, H. W. ET AL. Nonhydrolytic path- phos.1 Fiziologija, 17: 527-528 (1971) (in Rus- way in metabolism on N-methylcarbamate sian). insecticides. Science, 140: 170-171 (1963). 124. HOQUE, M. Z. Carbaryl-a new chemical 111. DOROUGH, H. W. ET AL. Modification of car- mutagen. Curr. Sci., 41: 855-856 (1972). PESTICIDES 19

125. IMMING, R. J. ET AL. Sevin safety evaluation by N-O-conjugates on N-hydroxycarbaryl from feeding to female beagles from day one of carbaryl by tobacco cells in culture. Fed. Proc., gestation through weaning of the offspring. 31: 520 (1972). Unpublished report, Woodard Research Corp. 138. LOCKE, R. K. Thin layer chromatography of 1- Union Carbide Corp.,* 1969. Summary in ref. naphthyl-N-hydroxy-N-methylcarbamate and A68, pp. 46-47. its application in two in vitro studies involving 126. JAKUSHKO, V. E. [Peculiarities of the glycosis carbaryl. J. agric. Food Chem., 20: 1078-1080 and its regulation on the cell structure of the (1972). cerebrum under the effect of DDT and carba- 139. LUCIER, G. W. ET AL. Effects of chlordane and ryl.] Farmakol. Toksikol., resp. Megived, 6: methylmercury on metabolism of carbaryl and 187-190 (1971) (in Russian). carbofuran in rats. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 127. JOHNSON, D. P. ET AL. Insecticide residues in 2: 244-255 (1972). meat and eggs: determination of Sevin insecti- 140. MARLIAC, J. P. Toxicity and teratogenic effects cide and its metabolites in poultry tissues and of 12 pesticides in the chick embryo. Fed. eggs. J. agric. Food Chem., 11: 77-80 (1963). Proc., 23: 105 (1964). 128. KAGAN, JU. S. ET AL. [The effect of Sevin in 141. MORIYAMA, H. ET AL. A hydroxy metabolite animal experiments on the function and struc- derived from carbaryl in the silkworm, ture of liver] Farmakol. i Toksikol., 33: 219- Bombyx mori. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 2: 1-7 224 (1970) (in Russian). (1972). 129. KHERA, K. S. Toxic and teratogenic effects of 142. NATOFF, I. L. & REIFF, B. Effect of oximes on insecticides in duck and chick embryos. Toxi- the acute toxicity of anticholinesterase carba- col. appl. Pharmacol., 8: 345 (1966). mates. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 25: 569-575 130. KNAAK, J. B. & SULLIVAN, L. J. CarbaiyI C14 (1973). (1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate). Excretion 143. NIT, I. ET AL. Studies of the toxicity, excretion and metabolism by the dog. Unpublished and residues of Sevin in poultry. Poultry Sci., report, Mellon Inst., Pittsburgh, USA. Union 45: 720-728 (1966). Carbide Corp.,* 1967. Summary in ref. A64, 144. OLEFIR, A. I. & VINOGRADOVA, V. K. H. p. 15. [Embryotoxic effects of the pesticides Sevin 131. KNAAK, J. B. ET AL. Metabolism of carbaryl in and cyram.] Vrac. Delo, No. 11, pp. 103-106 man. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 10: 390 (1967). (1968). (in Russian). (Chem. Abstr., 70: 46402f, 132. KNAAK, J. B. ET AL. The metabolism of carba- 1969). ryl in the rat, guinea-pig, and man. J. agric. 145. ORLOVA, N. V. & ZHALBE, E. P. [Maximum Food Chem., 13: 537-543 (1965). permissible amounts of Sevin in food pro- 133. KNAAK, J. B. ET AL. The metabolism of carba- ducts.] Vop. Pitan., 27(6): 49-55 (1968). (in ryl in man, monkey, pig and sheep. Unpub- Russian). (Chem. Abstr., 70: 46402f, 1969). lished report, Mellon Inst., Pittsburgh, USA. 146. PANCIERA, R. J. Determination of teratogenic Union Carbide Corp.,* 1967. Summary in ref. properties of orally administered 1-naphthyl- A64, p. 15. N-methylcarbamate (Sevin) in sheep. Unpub- 134. KNAAK, J. B. ET -AL. The metabolism of carba- lished report, Department of Veterinary ryl in man, monkey, pig and sheep. J. agric. Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Still- Food Chem., 16: 465-470 (1968). water. Union Carbide Corp.,* 1967. Summary 135. KRISHNA, J. G. & CASIDA, J. E. Insecticide in ref. A68, p. 48. metabolism-fate in rats of the radiocarbon 147. PEKAS, J. C. & PAULSON, G. D. Intestinal hy- from ten variously labeled methyl and dime- drolysis and conjugation of a pesticidal carbam- thyl carbamate-C14 insecticide chemicals and ate in vitro. Science, 170 (3953): 77-78 (1970). their hydrolysis products. J. agric. Food 148. PEKAS, J. C. Intestinal metabolism and trans- Chem., 14: 98-105 (1966). port of naphthyl N-methyl-carbamate in vitro 136. LILLIE, R. J. Studies on the reproductive per- (rat.) Amer. J. Physiol., 220: 2008-2012 (1971). formance and progeny performance of caged 149. RAPPOPORT, M. B. LMicroscopic and ultra- White Leghorns fed malathion and carbaryl. structural changes of the thyroid gland under Poultry Sci., 52: 266-272 (1973). the effects of the insecticide carbaryl.1 Vrac. 137. LOCKE, R. K. Possible in vitro production of Delo, No. 5, pp. 102-105 (1969) (in Russian). 20 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

150. RIcHEY, F. A. ET AL. Chemical synthesis of the 163. STROTHER, A. In vitro metabolism of methyl carbaryl metabolite trans-5,6-dihydroxy-1- carbamate insecticides by human and rat liver naphthyl methyl-carbamate. J. agric. Food fractions. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 21: 112- Chem., 20: 825-828 (1972). 129 (1972). 151. ROBENS, J. F. Teratologic studies of carbaryl, 164. SULLIVAN, L. J. ET AL. 5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihy- diazinon, norea, disulfiram and thiram in small droxy carbaryl glucuronide as a significant laboratory mammals. Toxicol. appl. Pharma- metabolite of carbaryl in a rat. J. agric. Food col., 15: 152-163 (1969). Chem., 20: 980-985 (1972). 152. ROBERTS, R. H. ET AL. Residues studies of 165. THOMAS, J. A. ET AL. Distribution of radio- livestock sprays containing Sevin. J. econ. Ent., activity in male reproductive organs after the 53: 326-327 (1960). administration of either carbaryl-14C or DDT- 153. RYBAKOVA, M. N. [Toxic effect of Sevin on 3H. Pharmacologist, 15: 227 (1973). animals.] Gig. i Sanit., 31 (2): 42-47 (1966) (in 166. TRIFONOVA, T. K. ET AL. [Effect of gamma- Russian). BHC and Sevin on reproduction.] Veterinariya 154. SERRONE, D. Effect of carbaryl on liver micro- (Moscow), 47 (6): 91-93 (1970) (in Russian). somal enzymes. Unpublished report, Albany 167. VASHAKIDZE, V. I. [Effect of Sevin intoxication Medical College, New York. Union Carbide on sexual function of experimental animals.] Corp.,* 1966. Summary in ref. A68, p. 45. Soobshch Akad. Nauk. Gruz. SSR, 39 (2): 471- 155. SHAFFER, B. C. & LEVY, A. C. Evaluation of 474 (1965). (in Russian). (Chem. Abstr., 64: the teratogenic potential of Sevin in rabbits fed 2889h, 1966). the compound from day 9 to day 16 of the 168. VASHAKIDZE, V. I. [Mechanism of action of gestation period. Unpublished report, Wood- pesticides (granosan, Sevin, dinoc) on the ard Research Corp. Union Carbide Corp.,* reproductive cycle of experimental animals.] 1968. Summary in ref. A68, pp. 47-48. Soobsch. Akad. Nauk. Gruz. SSR, 48 (1): 219- 156. SHAH, A. H. & GUTHRIE, F. E. In vitro metab- 224 (1967). (in Russian). (Chem. Abstr., 68: olism of insecticides during midgut penetra- 28750x, 1966). tion. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 1: 1-10 (1971). 169. VASHAKIDZE, V. I. [The effect of carbaryl on 157. SHTENBERG, A. I. & ORLOVA, N. V. [Contribu- the spermatogenesis of albino mice.] Sb. Tt. tion to the mechanism of toxic action of Sevin, Inst. Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabolevanija, Gruz SSR, a pesticide of the carbamate group.] Vestn. 12: 285-286 (1970) (in Russian). Akad. Med. Nauk SSR, 25 (12): 72-76 (1970) 170. WEIL, C. S. 4-hydroxy Sevin and 5-hydroxy (in Russian). Sevin: results of feeding in the diets of rats for 158. SHTENBERG, A. I. & RYBAKOVA, M. R. Effect 7 to 9 days. Unpublished report, Mellon Inst. of carbaryl on the neuroendocrine system of Pittsburgh, USA. Union Carbide Corp.,* rats. Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 6: 461-467 (1968). 1968. Summary in ref. A68, p. 48. 159. SIDEROFF, S. I. & SANTOLUCITO, J. A. Behav- 171. WEIL, C. S. 1-naphthyl N-hydroxymethylcar- ioral and physiological effects of the choli- bamate; results of feeding in the diets of rats nesterase inhibitor carbaryl (1-naphthyl for one week. Unpublished report, Mellon methylcarbamate). Physiol. Behav., 9: 459-462 Inst., Pittsburgh, USA. Union Carbide Corp.,* (1972). 1969. Summary in ref. A68, p. 48. 160. SMALLEY, H. E. ET AL. Teratogenic action of 172. WEIL, C. S. 4-hydroxy-1-naphthyl N-methyl- carbaryl in beagle dogs. Toxicol. appl. Pharma- carbamate, 5-hydroxy-1-naphthyl N-methyl- col., 13: 392 403 (1968). carbamate, and 1-naphthyl N-hydromethylcar- 161. STENBERG, A. M. [The effect of carbaryl on the bamate; results of feeding in the diets of rats status of the thyroid gland of mice receiving for one week. Unpublished report, Mellon artificial or full value diet with different con- Inst., Pittsburgh, USA. Union Carbide Corp.,* tent of iodine.] Gig. i Sanit., 8: 119-122 (1970) 1969. Summary in ref. A68, p. 48. (in Russian). 173. WEIL, C. S. Alpha naphthol; results of feeding 162. STENBERG, A. I. & OTOVAN, M. B. [Effect of in the diets of rats for one week. Unpublished small doses of carbaryl on the reproductive report, Mellon Inst., Pittsburgh, USA. Union function of animals in a number of offsprings.] Carbide Corp.,* 1969. Summary in ref. A68, Vop. Pitan., 30 (1): 41-49 (1971) (in Russian). p. 48. PESTICIDES 21

174. WEIL, C. S. 1-naphthyl hydroxymethylcarba- 185. BULLOCK, C. H. & KAMIENSKI, F. X. Acute mate. Results of feeding in the diets of rats for inhalation screen, male and female rats. Un- three months. Unpublished report, Mellon published report, Western Research Center. Inst., Pittsburgh, USA. Union Carbide Corp.,* Stauffer Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary in ref. 1969. Summary in ref. A68, p. 48. A74, p. 78. 175. WEIL, C. S. & CARPENTER, C. P. Evaluation of 186. EDSON, E. F. ET AL. Acute toxicity data for the teratogenic potential of insecticide Sevin in pesticides. World Rev. Pest Control, 2: 26-28 rats. Unpublished report No. 29-49; Mellon (1963). Inst., Pittsburgh, USA. Union Carbide Corp.,* 187. ELSEA, J. R. Acute oral administration-rats. 1966. Summary in ref. A64, p. 16 (referred as Unpublished report, Hazleton, Labs, Virginia, Weil & Carpenter, 1967). USA. Stauffer Chemical Co.,* 1955. Summary 176. WEIL, C. S. & PALM, P. E. Chronic toxicity of in ref. A74, p. 77. Sevin for dogs. Unpublished report, Mellon 188. ELSEA, J. R. Acute oral administration-mice. Inst., Pittsburgh, USA. Union Carbide Corp.,* Unpublished report, Hazleton Labs, Virginia, 1958. Summary in ref. A68, p. 49. USA. Stauffer Chemical Co.,* 1955. Summary 177. WEIL, C. S. ET AL. Studies on rat reproduction in ref. A74, p. 77. and guinea pig teratology of carbaryl fed in the 189. ELWARD, T. E. & MEYDING, G. D. Carbo- diet vs stomach tube. Toxicol. appl. Pharma- phenothion. Reactivation study-rats. Unpub- col., 22: 318 (1972). lished report, Richmond Research Center. 178. WEIL, C. S. ET AL. Current status of tests of Stauffer Chemical Co.,* 1964. Summary in ref. carbaryl for reproductive and teratogenic A74, p. 78. effect. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 21: 390-404 190. FOGLEMAN, R. W. Subacute feeding-rats. (1972). Unpublished report, Hazleton Labs., Virginia, 179. WIGGINS, 0. G. Fate of Sevin applied to the USA. Stauffer Chemical Co.,* 1956. Summary surface of bean leaves under field conditions. in ref. A74, pp. 78-79. Unpublished report, Union Carbide Corp. 191. GRAY, E. H. Acute oral, dermal and eye Resarch and Development Dep. Union Car- application. Unpublished report, Hazleton bide Corp.,* 1969. Summary in ref. A68, p. 48. Labs, Virginia, USA. Stauffer Chemical Co.,* 180. WILHELM, H. & VANDEKAR, M. Studies in the 1954. Summary in ref. A74, p. 78. toxicology of N-methylcarbamates. 1. Com- 192. HAGAN, E. C. ET AL. Acute oral toxicity and parative toxicity tests and estimation of persis- potentiation studies with anticholinesterase tence of inhibitors in the body. In: Proceedings compounds. Fed. Proc., 20: 432 (1961). of the International Congress on Occupational 193. HAYES, W. J. Jr. Clinical handbook on eco- Health, Vienna, 1966, pp. 517-520. nomic poisons. US EPA Pesticides Programs, 181. WILLS, J. H. ET AL. Effects of oral doses of Public Health Service Publication No. 476, 1971. carbaryl on man. Clin. Toxicol., 1: 265-271 194. HEARN, C. E. D. Trithion poisoning. Brit. J. (1968). industr. Med., 18: 231-233 (1961). 182. WILLS, J. H. ET AL. Effects of oral doses of 195. HORN, H. J. Trithion. Potentiation study, sub- carbaryl on man. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., acute-feeding-dogs, acute oral administra- 10: 390 (1967). tion-rats. Unpublished report, Hazleton Labs, 183. BELILES, R. P. Trithion-safety evaluation by Virginia, USA. Stauffer Chemical Co.,* 1957. analysis of cholinesterase reactivation with Summary in ref. A74, p. 76. atropine and PAM after trithion poisoning. 196. JOHNSTON, 0. D. Trithion. Safety evaluation Unpublished report, Woodard Research Corp. by two-year feeding studies in the rat and the Stauffer Chemical Co.,* 1965. Summary in ref. dog. Unpublished report, Woodard Research A74, p. 78. Corp. Stauffer Chemical Co.,* 1967. Summa- 184. BELILES, R. P. Trithion-safety evaluation by ries in ref. A74, pp. 79, 80. analyses of cholinesterase reactivation with 197. JOHNSTON, C. D. & ScoTT, W. J. Trithion. atropine and PAM after trithion poisoning in Three generation reproduction study in the rat. the dog. Unpublished report, Woodard Re- Unpublished report, Woodard Research Corp. search Corp. Stauffer Chemical Co.,* 1966. Stauffer Chemical Co.,* 1966. Summary in ref. Summary in ref. A74, p. 78. A74, p. 76. 22 PROGRESS IN' STANDARDIZATION: 3

198. LEHMAN, A. J. Chemicals in foods: a report to cide SD 7859. Unpublished report, Tunstall the Association of Food and Drug Officials on Lab., 1965. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1965. Sum- current developments. Part II. Pesticides. Q. mary in ref. A72, p. 52. Bull. Ass. Food Drug Off. US, 15: 122-133 210. DONNINGER, C. ET AL. Oxidative cleavage of (1951). phosphoric acid triesters to diesters. Biochem. 199. LOBDELL, B. J. & JOHNSTON, C. D. Trithion- J., 102: 26-27 (1966). demyelination in chickens. Unpublished 211. EISENLORD, G. ET AL. Results of reproduction report, Woodard Research Corp. Stauffer study of rats fed diets containing compound Chemical Co.,* 1964. Summary in ref. A74, 4072 over three generations. Unpublished pp. 75-76. report, Hine Labs, Inc. Shell Chemical Co.,* 200. MARCH, R. B. ET AL. Metabolism of 32P Tri- 1966. Summary in ref. A72, p. 51. thion in the white mouse and American cock- 212. GAINES, T. B. Acute toxicity of pesticides. roach. Unpublished report, University of Cali- Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 14: 515-534 (1969). fornia. Stauffer Chemical Co.,* 1957. Sum- 213. HUNTER, C. G. Dermal toxicity of chlorfenvin- mary in ref. A74, p. 74 (referred as March et phos. Industr. Med. Surg., 38: 49-51 (1969). al., 1967). 201. MENZIES, C. M. Metabolism of pesticides. US 214. HUTSON, D. H. The metabolism of "C-chlor- Dep. of the Interior Special Scientific Report fenvinphos in man. Unpublished report, No. 127, 1969. Summary in ref. A74, p. 75. Tunstall Lab., England. Shell Chemical Co.,* 202. SHAFFER, B. C. & WEST, R. The acute and 1969. Summary in ref. A72, p. 49. subacute toxicity of technical tetram. Toxicol. 215. HUTSON, D. H. ET AL. The metabolism of 2- appl. Pharmacol., 2: 1-13 (1960). chloro-1-(2',4'-dichlorophenyl) vinyl diethyl 203. TUCKER, R. K. & CRABTREE, D. G. Handbook phosphate (chlorfenvinphos) in the dog and of toxicity of pesticides to wildlife. US Dep. rat. Biochem. J., 102: 133-142 (1967). of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service 216. HUTSON, D. H. & HATHWAY, D. E. Toxic Resource Publication No. 84, 1970, pp. 56-57. effects of chlorfenvinphos in dogs and rats. 204. WEm, R. J. Subacute administration-dogs. Biochem. Pharmacol., 16: 949-962 (1967). Unpublished report, Hazleton Labs, Virginia, 217. HUTSON, D. H. ET AL. Excretion of metabolites USA. Stauffer Chemical Co.,* 1956. Summary of chlorfenvinphos (" Supona ") in the milk of in ref. A74, p. 79 (referred as Fogleman, 1956). a cow treated with the insecticide. Unpub- 205. WM, R. J. Subacute feeding-dairy cows. lished report, Shell Chemical Co.,* 1969. Sum- Unpublished report, Hazleton Labs, Virginia, mary in ref. A72, p. 49 (referred as Hunter, USA. Stauffer Chemical Co.,* 1958. Summary 1969a). in ref. A74, pp. 79-80. 218. LARSON, P. S. Acute oral toxicity to rats of 206. AMBROSE, A. M. ET AL. Toxicologic studies compound No. GC-4072 Tech. Unpublished on diethyl-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-chlorovinyl report, Medical College of Virginia. Allied phosphate. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 17: 323- Chemical Corp. through Shell Chemical Co.,* 336 (1970). 1962. Summary in ref. A72, p. 52 (referred as 207. BROwN, V. K. H. ET AL. The in vitro effects of Virginia Medical College, 1962). some halophenyl vinyl phosphates on blood 219. LARSON, P. S. Toxicological study on the effect acetylcholinesterases from different mamma- of adding 0,1, and 3 ppm GC-4072 to the diet lian species. Unpublished report, Tunstall of albino rats. Unpublished report, Medical Lab., England. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1964. College of Virginia. Allied Chemical Corp. Summary in ref. A72, p. 50. through Shell Chemical Co.,* 1963. Summary 208. BROWN, V. K. H. ET AL. Preliminary studies on in ref. A72, p. 53 (referred as Virginia Medical the toxicity of the chlorinated-oryl-vinyl phos- College, 1963). phate insecticide, SD 7859 (GC 4072). Unpub- 220. LARSON, P. S. Study comparing the effect of lished report, Tunstall Lab., England. Shell GC-4072 on human plasma and erythrocyte Chemical Co.,* 1964. Summaries in ref. A72, cholinesterase with that of paraoxon. Unpub- pp. 49, 52 (referred as Hunter, 1964). lished report, Medical College of Virginia. 209. BROWN, V. K. H. ET AL. Some further data on Allied Chemical Corp. through Shell Chemical the acute and subacute toxicities of the insecti- Co.,* 1964. Summary in ref. A72, p. 55. PESTICIDES 23

221. PICKERING, W. R. The acute toxicity of chlor- 231. BRANSON, D. R. & LITCHFIELD, N. H. Absorp- fenvinphos to sheep and cattle when applied tion, excretion and distribution of 3,5,6-tri- dermally. Vet. Rec., 77: 1140-1144 (1965). chloro-2,6-14C-2-pyridinol in rats. Unpub- 222. WALKER, A. I. T. The sub-acute oral toxicity ished report, Chemical Biology Research Dep. of the halophenyl vinyl phosphate insecticide Dow Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary in ref. chlorfenvinphos (Supona, Berlane) to dogs. A74, p. 150. Unpublished report, Tunstall Lab., England. 232. BRANSON, D. R. & LITCHFIELD, N. H. Absorp- Shell Chemical Co.,* 1965. Summary in ref. tion, excretion and distribution of 0,0-diethyl A72, p. 54. 0-3,5,6-trichloro-2,6-14C-2-pyridyl phosphoro- 223. WITHERUP, S. & SCHLECHT, H. The immediate thioate (14C Dowco 179) in rats. Unpublished toxicity of compound 4072 with reference to its report, Chemical Biology Research Dep. Dow qualifications as a class B poison. Unpublished Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary in ref. A74, report, Kettering Lab., Cincinnati. Shell p. 150. Chemical Co.,* 1963. Summary in ref. A72, 233. BRANSON, D. R. & WASS, M. N. Comparative p. 52. metabolism of insecticides. I. Preliminary stu- 224. WITHERUP, S. & SCHLECHT, H. The immediate dies of ring labelled 0,0 diethyl 0-3,5,6-tri- toxicity of various binary combinations of chloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate breakdown diethyl -1- (2,4 - dichlorophenyl- 2 - chlorovinyl with rat liver microsomes. Unpublished report, phosphate with other organo-phosphorus Biochemical Research Lab. Dow Chemical insecticides. Unpublished report, Kettering Co.,* 1970. Summary in ref. A74, p. 150. Lab., Cincinnati. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1963. 234. BRUST, R. A. ET AL. Effect of Dursban in the Summary in ref. A72, p. 51 (referred as Kehoe, drinking water of chicks. J. econ1. Entomol., 64: 1963). 1179-1183 (1971). 225. [Dowv CHEMICAL CO.] Potentiation studies with 235. COPELAND, J. R. Results of 93-day dietary Dursban in combination with Ruelene and feeding studies of 0,0-diethyl 0-3,5,6-trichlo- malathion in rats. Unpublished report, Bio- ro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate in beagle chemical Research Lab. Dow Chemical Co.,* hounds. Unpublished report, Biochemical Re- 1964. Summary in ref. A74, p. 154. search Lab. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1964. Sum- 226. [Dow CHEMICAL CO.] Untitled. Unpublished maries in ref. A74, pp. 152, 159. report, Dow Chemical Co.,* 1966. Summary 236. COULSTON, F. ET AL. Final report on safety in ref. A74, p. 157. evaluation and metabolic studies on Dowco 227. [Dow CHEMICAL Co.] Untitled. Unpublished 179 (IN 151). Unpublished report, Albany report, Dow Chemical Co.,* 1966. Summary Medical College, NY. Dow Chemical Co.,* in ref. A74, p. 157. 1971. Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 151, 158, 160- 228. BEATrY, S. C. & MCCOLLISTER, D. D. Results 161. of 90-day dietary feeding studies of 0, 0- 237. COULSTON, F. ET AL. Safety evaluation of diethyl 0-3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phospho- Dowco 179 in humans. Unpublished report, rothioate in rats. Unpublished report, Bio- Albany Medical College, NY. Dow Chemical chemical Research Lab. Dow Chemical Co.,* Co.,* 1972. Summary in ref. A74, p. 161. 1964. Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 152, 158. 238. EMERSON, J. L. & GERBIG, C. G. 91 day 229. BLACKMORE, R. H. Oral administration- toxicology study in beagle dogs treated dogs-Dursban final report. Unpublished re- with 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol. Unpublished port, Hazleton Labs, Virginia, USA. Dow report, Development Lab., Zionsville, USA. Chemical Co.,* 1968. Summary in ref. A74, Dow Chemical Co.,* 1970. Summary in ref. pp. 159-160. A74, p. 152. 230. BLACKMORE, R. H. Short-term (subacute) 239. GABRIEL, D. E. Summarized toxicological data dietary administration-rats-organophos- on Dursban. Unpublished report, US Army phate insecticide Dursban-final report. Un- Environmental Hygiene Agency, Edgewood published report, Hazleton Labs, Virginia, Arsenal, MD. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1968. USA. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1968. Summary in Summary in ref. A74, p. 155 (referred as ref. A74, pp. 158-159. USAEHA, 1968). 24 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

240. GERBIG, C. G. & EMERSON, J. L. Oral median 250. SMITH, G. N. ET AL. An analytical method for lethal dose (LD50 determination of 3,5,6-tri- the determination of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridi- chloro-2-pyridinol in the rat. Unpublished nol in animal tissues and the metabolism of the report, Dep. of Pathology and Toxicology, pyridinol in rats. Unpublished report, E. C. Zionsville, USA. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1970. Britton Research Lab. Dow Chemical Co.,* Summary in ref. A74, p. 152. 1970. Summary in ref. A74, p. 151. 241. GERBIG, C. G. & EMERSON, J. L. Oral median 251. SMrrH, G. N. ET AL. The metabolism of (14C) lethal dose (LD50) determination of 3,5,6- 0,0-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phos- trichloro-2-pyridinol in mice. Unpublished phorothioate (Dursban) in fish. J. econ. Ento- report, Dep. of Pathology and Toxicology, mol., 59: 1464-1475 (1966). Zionsville, USA. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1970. 252. SMrrH, G. N. ET AL. Investigations on Dursban Summary in ref. A74, p. 152. insecticide. Uptake and translocation of (36C1) 242. GUTENMANN, W. H. ET AL. Metabolic studies 0,0-diethyl 0-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phos- with O,O-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phorothioate by beans and corn. J. agric. Food phosphorothioate (Dursban) insecticide in a Chem., 15: 167-131 (1967). lactating cow. J. agric. Food Chem., 16: 45-47 253. SMITH, G. N. ET AL. Investigations on Dursban (1968). insecticide. Metabolism of (36C1) 0,0-diethyl 243. KENAGA, E. E. Toxicity and repellency of 0-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorotioate in Dursban to the white-footed mouse (Pero- rats. J. agric. Food Chem., 15: 136-138 (1967). myscus maniculatus). Unpublished report, Dow 254. STEVENSON, G. T. A gamebird toxicology stu- Chemical Co.,* 1967. Summary in ref. A74, dy-acute dietary feeding of Dursban to wild p. 156. type mallard ducklings. Unpublished report, 244. MCCOLLISTER, S. B. ET AL. Results of two-year Bioproducts Dep. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1965. dietary feeding studies on Dowco 179 in rats. Summary in ref. A74, p. 157. Unpublished report, Chemical Biology Re- 655. STEVENSON, G. T. A neurotoxicity study of search Dep. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1971. Sum- Dursban in laying hens. Unpublished report, mary in ref. A74, p. 161. Bioproducts Dep. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1966. 245. MCCOLLISTER, S. B. ET AL. Results of two-year Summary in ref. A74, p. 154. dietary feeding studies on Dowco 179 in beagle 256. TAYLOR, M. L. & OLSON, K. J. Toxicological dogs. Unpublished report, Chemical Biology properties of 0,0-diethyl 0-3,5,6-trichloro-2- Research Dep. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1971. pyridyl phosphorothioate. Unpublished re- in ref. port, Biochemical ResearchLab. DowChemical Summary A74, p. 160. Co.,* 1963. Summary in ref. A74, p. 155. 246. MOLELLO, J. A. & SHARP, L. D. Three week 257. THOMPSON, D. J. ET AL. Three generation study on cataractogenicity of 3,5,6-trichloro-2- reproduction and teratology study in the rat pyridinol as part of the dietary intake of Pekin following prolonged dietary exposure to ducklings. Unpublished report, Human Health Dursban 0,0-diethyl 0-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyri- Research & Development Lab., Zionsville, dyl phosphorothioate. Unpublished report, USA. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1968. Summary in Human Health Research & Development ref. A74, p. 154. Lab., Zionsville, USA. Dow Chemical Co.,* 247. NoRRIs, J. M. Potentiation study on Dowco 1971. Summary in ref. A74, pp. 154-155. 179 and Vapona insecticide. Unpublished 258. BOMBINSIU, T. J. & DuBois, K. P. Acute report, Biochemical Research Lab. Dow toxicity and pharmacological effects of 0,0- Chemical Co.,* 1970. Summary in ref. A74, diethyl-0-(3-chloro-4-methyl-7-coumarinyl) p. 154. phosphorothioate (Bayer 61/199). Unpub- 248. SCHLINKE, J. C. Chronic toxicity of Dursban in lished report, University of Chicago. Chemagrof chickens, 1969. J. econ. Entomol., 63: 319 Corp.,* 1957. Summary in ref. A66, p. 70. (1970). 259. BRANDENBERG, W. Report of results obtained 249. SHERMAN, M. ET AL. Further studies on the in toxicological examination of Resitox (21/ acute and subacute toxicity of insecticides to 199). Unpublished report, Toxicological chicks. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 11: 49-67 Industrial Hygiene Lab., Berlin. Bayer AG,* (1967). 1956. Summary in ref. A66, p. 70. PESTICIDES 25

260. DOULL, J. ET AL. Ninety-day feeding studies 270. JACKSON, J. B. ET AL. Toxicity of organic with Co-Ral in male and female rats and dogs phosphorus insecticides to horses. J. econ. fed a milk diet. Unpublished report, University Entomol, 53: 602-604 (1960). of Chicago. Chemagro Corp.,* 1962. Summary 271. KAPLANIS, J. N. ET AL. Dermal and oral treat- in ref. A66, p. 76. ments of cattle with phosphorus-32-labeled 261. DOULL, J. ET AL. The effect of Co-Ral in the Co-Ral. J. agric. Food Chem., 7: 483-486 diet on the reproduction of mice. Unpublished (1959). report, University of Chicago. Chemagro 272. KRUEGER, H. R. ET AL. Bovine metabolism of Corp.,* 1962. Summary in ref. A66, p. 74. organo-phosphorus insecticides. Metabolism 262. DOULL, J. ET AL. Chronic toxicity of Co-Ral and residues associated with dermal applica- (Bayer 21/199) to dogs and rats. Unpublished tion of Co-Ral to rats, a goat and a cow. J. report, University of Chicago. Chemagro agric. Food Chem., 7: 182-188 (1959). Corp.,* 1959. Summary in ref. A66, p. 73. 273. MURPHY, S. D. & DuBois, K. P. The subacute VESSOLINOVITcH, D. Er AL. Histopathological toxicity of Co-Ral (0,0-diethyl-0-3-chloro-4- examination of the tissues of dogs fed Co-Ral methyl-7-coumarinyl-phosphorothioate; Bayer for one year. Unpublished report, University 21/199 to rats). Unpublished report, University of Chicago. Chemagro Corp.,* 1960. Summary of Chicago. Chemagro Corp.,* 1958. Summary in ref. A66, p. 73. in ref. A66, pp. 71-72. 263. DOULL, J. ET AL. Chronic toxicity of Co-Ral 274. RADELEFF, R. D. ET AL. Toxicity studies of fed to rats for a period of two years. Unpub- Bayer 21/199 in livestock. J. Am. vet. med. lished report, University of Chicago. Chema- Assoc., 142: 624-631 (1963). gro Corp.,* 1960. Summary in ref. A66, p. 73. 275. RADELEFF, R. D. ET AL. Summary of acute 264. DuBois, K. P. The acute toxicity of Co-Ral in toxicity studies of Bayer 21/199 in livestock. combination with other organic phosphates. Unpublished report, US Department of Agri- Unpublished report, University of Chicago. culture, Kerrville, TX. Chemagro Corp.,* Chemagro Corp.,* 1958. Summary in ref. A66, 1958. Summary in ref. A66, p. 73. p. 71. ET 265. DuBois, K. P. The dermal toxicity of Co-Ral 276. ROBBINS, W. E. AL. Synergistic action of and butoxide piperonyl butoxide with Bayer 21/199 and its piperonyl given simultaneously corresponding phosphate in mice. J. econ. to rats. Unpublished report, University of Chi- Entomol., 52: 660-663 cago. Chemagro Corp.,* 1958. Summary in (1959). ref. A66, p. 71. 277. SCHULEMAN, W. Final opinion on the new 266. DuBois, K. P. The acute toxicity of Co-Ral in insecticide Resitox (21/199). Unpublished combination with Delnav, Ethion and Sevin to report, Pharmakologisches Institut, Universi- rats. Unpublished report, University of Chi- tat Bonn. Bayer AG,* 1955. Summary in ref. cago. Chemagro Corp.,* 1960. Summary in A66, p. 70. ref. A66, p. 71. 278. VAUGHN, G. ET AL. The effects of diets contain- 267. DuBois, K. P. & PLZAK, G. Studies in the ing Co-Ral (Bayer 21/199) on rats. Unpub- toxicity and anticholinesterase action of the lished report, University of Chicago. Chema- oxygen analogue of Co-Ral. Unpublished gro Corp.,* 1958. Summary in ref. A66, p. 71. report, University of Chicago. Chemagro 279. VAUGHN, G. ET AL. Measurement of the safe Corp.,* 1959. Summary in ref. A66, p. 74. dietary level of Co-Ral for dogs. Unpublished 268. DuBois, K. P. & SCHMALGEMEIER, D. Com- report, University of Chicago. Chemagro parison of the acute toxicity of various Co-Ral Corp.,* 1958. Summary in ref. A66, p. 72. preparations to rats. Unpublished report, Uni- 280. VAUGHN, G. ET AL. The subacute toxicity of 3- versity of Chicago. Chemagro Corp.,* 1958. chloro-4-methyl-unbelliferone to rats. Unpub- Summary in ref. A66, p. 70. lished report, University of Chicago. Chema- 269. DuBois, K. P. & SCHMALGEMEIER, D. The gro Corp.,* 1958. Summary in ref. A66, p. 75. absence of acute toxicity of chlorferron to rats. 281. VICKERY, D. S. & ARTHUR, B. W. Animal Unpublished report, University of Chicago. systemic activity, metabolism and stability, Chemagro Corp.,* 1959. Summary in ref. A66, Bayer 21/199. J. econ. Entomol., 53: 1037-1043 p. 75. (1960). 26 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

282. WoLVIN, A. A. ET AL. Three generation repro- 293. McGREGOR, W. S. The effects of Ruelene duction study on Co-Ral. White Leghorn treatments on the fertility of range bulls. Un- chickens. Unpublished report, Industrial Bio- published report, Dow Chemical Co., Lake Test Labs, Inc. Chemagro Corp.,* 1966. Sum- Jackson, TX, USA. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1960. mary in ref. A66, p. 74. Summary in ref. A66, p. 94. 283. BAURIEDEL, W. R. & SWANK, M. G. Residue 294. PLAPP, F. W. Studies on the metabolism of P32 and metabolism of radioactive 4-tert-butyl-2- Ruelene in a Hereford steer. Unpublished chlorophenyl methyl methylphosphoramidate, report, Agricultural Research Service, Corval- administered as a single oral dose to sheep. J. lis, OR, USA. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1960. agric. Food Chem., 10: 150-154 (1962). Summary in ref. A66, p. 91. 284. BUTnRAM, J. R. & ARTHUR, B. W. Magnitude 295. RADELEFF, R. D. Organophosphorus com- and nature of residues in tissues and eggs of pounds. Ruelene 0-4-tert-butyl-2-chlorophenyl poultry receiving Ruelene in the feed. J. econ. methyl methylphosphoramidate. In: Veteri- Entomol., 54: 456-460 (1961). ary toxicology. Philadelphia, Lea & Febger, 285. CAMPBELL, P. J. Study of Ruelene. Unpub. 1964, pp. 209-210. lished report, Strough-Wisdom Research Inc., 296. SMITH, G. N. Cholinesterase inhibition of cru- McAlester, OK, USA. Dow Chemical Co.,* fomate (Ruelene insecticide) and metabolites. 1960. Summary in ref. A66, p. 95. Unpublished report, Dow Chemical Co.,* 286. CHAMBERLAIN, W. F. & GATrERDAM, P. E. 1968. Summary in ref. A66, p. 91. Third report on studies with P32 labeled 297. BAR, F. Fiitterungsversuche mit systox-behan- Ruelene. Unpublished report, Entomology delten Zuckerruben. Arzneimittel-Forsch., 4: Research Division, USDA, Kerrville, TX. 668-672 (1954). Dow Chemical Co.,* 1960. Summary in ref. 298. BARNES, J. M. & DENZ, F. A. The reaction of A66, p. 91. rats to diets containing octamethyl pyrophos- phoramide (Schradan) and O,O-diethyl-S- 287. DIETERICH, W. H. ET AL. The chronic toxicity ethylmercaptoethanol thiophosphate (Systox). of Ruelene and a Ruelene derivative in beagle Br. J. ind. Med., 11: 11-19 (1954). dogs. Toxicol. appi. Pharmacol., 7: 482 (1965). 299. DAHM, P. A. & JACOBSON, N. L. Effects of 288. GALVIN, J. ET AL. Anthelmintics for ruminants. feeding Systox-treated alfalfa hay to dairy II. Anthelmintic activity and toxicity of cows. J. agric. Food Chem., 4: 150-155 (1956). Ruelene in sheep. Amer. J. vet. Res., 21: 1058- 300. DEICHMANN, W. B. & RAKOCZY, R. Toxicity 1061 (1960). and mechanism of action of Systox. Arch. ind. 289. HYMAS, T. A. & STEVENSON, G. T. Attempt to Health, 11: 324-331 (1955). produce neurotoxicity by the injection of 301. DuBois, K. P. ET AL. Toxicity and mechanism Ruelene or Ronnel into mature Leghorn hens. of action of some metabolites of Systox. Arch. Unpublished report, Agricultural Chemical ind. Health, 13: 606-612 (1956). Research Lab. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1961. 302. FRAWLEY, J. P. & FUYAT, H. N. Effect of low Summary in ref. A66, p. 94. dietary levels of parathion and Systox on 290. MCCOLLISTER, D. D. Fertility studies with blood cholinesterase of dogs. J. agric. Food male laboratory animals given single doses of Chem., 5: 346-348 (1957). Ruelene. Unpublished report, Biochemical 303. FUKUTO, T. R. & METCALF, R. L. Isomeriza- Research Lab. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1959. tion of f-ethylmercaptoethyl diethyl thiono- Summary in ref. A66, p. 94. phosphate (Systox). J. Am. chem. Soc., 76: 291. MCCOLLISTER, D. D. Results of two-year 5103-5106 (1954). dietary feeding studies of 4-tert-butyl-2-chloro- 304. FUKUTO, T. R. ET AL. Chemical behaviour of phenol in rats. Unpublished report, Biochemi- Systox isomers in biological systems. J. econi. cal Research Lab. Dow Chemical Co.,* 1964. Entomol., 48: 347-354 (1955). Summary in ref. A66, p. 95. 305. HECHT, G. Toxikologische Untersuchung mit 292. MCCOLLISTER, D. D. ET AL. Toxicology of 4- Meta-Systox (i) Vortrag, gehalten in Tokyo, tert-butyl-2-chlorophenyl methyl methylphos- Korinkaku, am 20.10.1960. Unpublished re- phoramidate (Ruelene) in laboratory animals. port, Bayer AG,* 1960. Summary in ref. A76, Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 6: 185-198 (1968). p. 200. PESTICIDES 27

306. HENGLEIN, A. & SCHRADER, G. Zur Kenntnis 317. KIMMERLE, G. E 154 (88,5 %0)/Antidotwirkung. der Isomerie-Erscheinungen bei den System- Unpublished report, Institut fur Toxicologie, Insektiziden " Systox " und " Meta-Systox Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1966. Sum- Z. Naturforsch., lOb: 12-19 (1955). mary in ref. A76, p. 203. 307. KIMMERLE, G. Meta-Systox (i). Unpublished 318. KIMMERLE, G. Metasystox R/Antidotwirkung report, Institut fur Toxicologie, Wuppertal- (Ht-Nr. 3653). Unpublished report, Institut fur Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1963. Summary in ref. Toxicologie, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* A76, p. 200. 1966. Summary in ref. A76, p. 203. 308. KLIMMER, 0. R. Gutachten uber die chroni- 319. KIMMERLE, G. Toxicological studies on active sche orale Toxizitat von Metasystox der Far- ingredient Bayer 20 315. Unpublished report, benfabriken Bayer AG, Leverkusen. Unpub- Institut fur Toxicologie, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. lished report, Pharm. Institut der Universitat Bayer AG,* 1966. Summaries in ref. A76, Bonn. Bayer AG,* 1961. Summary in ref. A76, pp. 199, 202, 203, 206, 213-214. p. 200. 309. KLIMMER, 0. R. Bestimmung der akuten ora- 320. KLIMMER, 0. R. Insecticide BAYER 20 315/ len Toxizitat von Metasystox (i). Unpublished toxicological studies. Unpublished report, report, Institut der Universitat Bonn. Bayer Pharm. Institut der Universitait Bonn. Bayer AG,* 1964. Summary in ref. A76, p. 200. AG,* 1965. Summary in ref. A76, p. 214. report 310. KLIMMER, 0. R. & PFAFF, W. Untersuchungen NEWMAN, A. J. & UNWIN, C. Pathology ilber die des neuen of E 158 rat study. Unpublished report, Toxicitat Kontaktinsekti- Huntingdon Research Centre, England. Bayer cides 0,O-dimethyl-thiophosphorsaure-O-(/- S-athyl)-athylester (' Metasytox '). Arzneimit- AG,* 1972. Summary in ref. A76, p. 214. tel-Fo,-sch., 5: 584-587 (1955). 321. LORKE, D. & KIMMERLE, G. The action of 311. MOELLER, H. C. & RIDER, J. A. Further studies reactivators in phosphoric-acid-ester poison- on the toxicity of Systox and methyl parathion. ing. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. exp. Path. Fed. Proc., 22 (171): 189 (1963). Pharmak., 263: 237-238 (1969). 312. SCHRADER, G. Communication to Farben- 322. LOSER, E. Metasystox R (R 2170)-Metaisosy- fabriken Bayer AG, Leverkusen. Angew. toxsulfone (E 158)/Vergleichende Untersu- Chemie, 69: 86 (1957). chungen zur Cholinesterase-Hemmung bei 313. DuBois, K. P. & DOULL, J. The acute toxicity Ratten. Unpublished report, Institut fiir Toxi- of p=O Meta-Systox, p=O Meta-Systox sul- cologie, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* foxide and p =0 Meta-Systox sulfone to mam- 1971. Summaries in ref. A76, pp. 199, 214. mals. Unpublished report, University of Chi- 323. MARCH, R. B. ET AL. Metabolism of Systox in cago. Bayer AG,* 1955. Summary in ref. A76, the white mouse and American cockroach. p. 202. J. econ. Entomol., 48: 355-363 (1955). 314. DuBois, K. P. & PLZAK, G. J. The acute 324. WIRTH, W. Zur Wirkung System-insecticider toxicity and anticholinesterase action of 0,0- Phosphorsaure-Ester in Warmbluter-Stoff- dimethyl S-ethyl-2-sulfinylethyl phosphoro- wechsel. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. exp. thioate (Meta-Systox R and related com- Path. Pharmak., 234: 352-363 (1958). Toxicol. 4: 621-630 pounds). appl. Pharmacol., 325. [HAZLETON LABS.] Untitled. Unpublished (1962). in 315. HEATH, D. F. & VANDEKAR, M. Some sponta- report, Hazleton Labs,* 1954. Summary ref. neous reactions of //-dimethyl S-ethylthioethyl A59, p. 78. phosphorothiolate and related compounds in 326. [HAZLETON LABS.] Untitled. Unpublished water and on storage, and their effects on the report, Hazleton Labs,* 1956. Summary in ref. toxicological properties of the compounds. A59, p. 79. Biochem. J., 67: 187-201 (1957). 327. [GEIGY CHEMICAL CO.] Untitled. Unpublished 316. HECHT, G. Vergleichende Prufung der Prapa- report, Geigy Chemical Co.,* 1963. Summary rate 25/154, R 2170 und M 3/158. Unpublished in ref. A59, p. 80. report, Institut fur Toxicologie, Wuppertal- 328. [GEIGY CHEMICAL CO.] Untitled. Unpublished Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1955. Summary in ref. report, Geigy Chemical Co.,* 1966. Summary A76, p. 202. in ref. A62, p. 229. 28 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

329. [GEIGY CHEMICAL CO.] Untitled. Unpublished foodstuffs. Information bulletin, Geigy Agri- report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Geigy Chemi- cultural Chemicals, Australia, 1963. cal Co.,* 1966. Summary in ref. A62, pp. 229- 343. KAPLANIS, J. N. ET AL. The distribution and 230. excretion of P32-labeled diazinon in guinea-pig. 330. [GEIGY CHEMICAL Co.] Diazinon-deterioration Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 65: 70-75 (1962). and stabilization-influence on toxicity. Un- 344. KLOTZCHE, C. Zur Toxikologie neuerer Insek- published report, Geigy Chemical Co.,* 1969. tizider Phosphorsaure-ester. Arzneimittel- Summary in ref. A70, p. 87. Forsch., 5: 436-439 (1955). 331. BOCKEL, P. Vergiftung mit einen Phosphor- 345. MELIS, R. ET AL. I rischi dovuti alla presenza saureester praparat der Diazinon-Gruppe. de residui di parathion e di diazinon nell'olio Dtsch. med. Wschr., 82: 1230-1231 (1957). d'oliva destinato all'alimentazione. Ann. Sani- 332. BOYD, E. M. & CARSKY, E. Kwashiorkorigenic ta pubbl., 20: 5-71 (1959). diet and diazinon toxicity. Acta pharmacol. 346. MILLAR, K. R. Detection and distribution of toxicol., 27: 284-294 (1969). 32P-labelled diazinon in dog tissues after oral 333. BOYD, E. M. ET AL. The effects of diets con- administration. New Zealand vet. J., 11 (6): taining from 0 to 81 percent casein on the 141-144 (1963). acute oral toxicity of diazinon. Clin. Toxi- 347. MUCKE, W. ET AL. Degradation of '4C-labelled col., 2: 295-302 (1969). diazinon in the rat. J. agric. Food Chem., 18: 334. BRUCE, R. B. ET AL. Toxicity of O,O-diethyl-O- 208-212 (1970). (2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidyl) phosphoro- 348. NAKATSUGAWA, R. ET AL. Oxidative degrada- thioate (diazinon). J. agric. Food Chem., 3: tion of diazinon by rat liver microsomes. Bio- 1017-1021 (1955). chem. Phamacol., 18: 685-688 (1969). 335. CLABORN, H. V. ET AL. Diazinon residues in 349. RADELEFF, R. D. The toxicity of insecticides the fat of sprayed cattle. J. econ. Entomol., 56: and herbicides to livestock. Adv. vet. Sci., 4: 858-859 (1963). 265-276 (1958). 336. EARL, F. L. ET AL. Diazinon toxicity-com- 350. RAI, L. & ROAN, C. C. Untitled. Unpublished parative studies in dogs and miniature swine. report, Geigy Chemical Co.,* 1960. Summary Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 18: 285-295 in ref. A59, p. 80. (1971). 351. RALLS, J. W. ET AL. Fate of radioactive 0,0- 337. EDSON, E. F. & NOAKES, D. N. The compara- diethyl 0-(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-pyrimidin-6- tive toxicity of six organophosphorus insecti- 01) phosphorothioate on field grown experi- cides in the rat. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 2: mental crops. J. agric. Food Chem., 14: 387- 523-539 (1960). 392 (1966). 338. GASSER, R. A new insecticide with a wide 352. ROBBINS, W. E. ET AL. Metabolism and excre- range at activity. Z. Naturforsch., 8b: 225-232 tion of phosphorus-32-labelled diazinon in a (1953). cow. J. agric. Food Chem., 5: 509-513 (1957). 339. GASSMANN, R. Ober Vergiftungen mit Insekti- 353. VIGNE, J. P. ET AL. Sur le metabolisme d'un ziden vom Typus der Anticholinesterasen im insecticide organo-phosphore, le diethylthio- Zeitraum von 1950-1956. Praxis, 46: 394-402 nophosphate de 2 isopropyl 4 methyl 6 oxypy- (1957). rimidine chez la chevre. Bull. Acad. vet. Fr., 340. GASSMANN, R. Ober Vergiftungen mit Insektizi- 30: 85-92 (1957). den vom Typus der Anticholinesterasen im 354. WILLIAMS, M. W. ET AL. The subacute toxicity Zeitraum von 1950-1956. Praxis, 46: 416-424 of four organic phosphates to dogs. Toxicol. (1957). appl. Pharmacol., 1: 1-7 (1959). 341. GYsIN, H. & MARGOT, A. Chemistry and 355. [SHELL CHEMICAL Co.] The third Arizona toxicological properties of O,O-diethyl-O-(2- home study. The quantification of DDVP resi- isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl) phosphoro- dues in foods consumed by human volunteers thioate (diazinon). J. agric. Food Chem., 6: exposed to " No-Pest " strip insecticide. Un- 900-903 (1958). published report, Shell Development Co. Shell 342. HASTIE, B. A. The metabolism and elimination Chemical Co.,* 1970. Summary in ref. A70, of diazinon from animals, animal tissues and p. 133. PESTICIDES 29

356. ARTHUR, B. W. & CASIDA, J. E. Metabolism as a malaria eradication technique. 3. Toxi- and selectivity of O,O-dimethyl 2,2,2-trichloro- cological evaluation. Bull. World Health 1-hydroxyethyl phosphonate and its acetyl and Organ., 29: 243-246 (1963). vinyl derivates. J. agric. Food Chem., 5: 186- 369. GAINES, T. B. Effect of dietary DDVP on 192 (1957). reproduction in rats and on survival of their 357. BLAIR, D. ET AL. The comparative metabolism offspring. Unpublished report, 1964. Summa- of (vinyl-"4C) Vapona in rats after inhalation ries in ref. A59, p. 87; A62, p. 73. exposure and oral ingestion of the compound. 370. GAINEs, T. B. ET AL. Liver metabolism of Unpublished draft summary, Tunstall Labora- anticholinesterase compounds in live rats: rela- tory, Shell Research Ltd., Sittingbourne. Shell tion to toxicity. Nature, 209: 88-89 (1966). Chemical Co.,* 1970. Summary in ref. A70, 371. GRATZ, N. G. ET AL. A village-scale trial with p. 124. dichlorvos as a residual fumigant insecticide in 358. BLUCHER, W. ET AL. 90-day chronic toxicity Southern Nigeria. Bull. World Health Organ., studies of Vapona insecticide for dogs. Unpub- 29: 251-270 (1963). lished report, Hine Labs. Shell Chemical Co.,* 372. HAYES, W. J. Jr. Safety of DDVP for disinsec- 1962. Summaries in ref. A59, p. 87; A62, p. 74. tion of aircraft. Bull. World Health Organ., 24: 359. BOYER, A. C. Ir0 values for the inhibition of 629-633 (1961). human and monkey blood cholinesterases by 373. HINE, C. H. Arizona Vapona (DDVP) human dichlorvos. Unpublished report, Shell Devel- study program. Chromosomal analysis. Un- opment Co. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1969. Sum- published report, Hine Laboratories. Shell mary in ref. A70, p. 126. Development Co.,* 1970. Summary in ref. 360. BULL, D. L. & RIDGWAY, R. L. Metabolism of A70, p. 128. trichlorfon in animals and plants. J. agric. 374. HiNE, C. H. ET AL. Preclinical pharmacologic Food Chem., 17: 837-841 (1969). studies on dichlorvos in formulation (V-12). 361. CARSON, S. Teratology studies in rabbits. Un- Unpublished report, Hine Laboratories. Shell published report, Food & Drug Labs, Inc. Chemical Co.,* 1966. Summary in ref. A70, Shell Chemical Co.,* 1969. Summary in ref. pp. 131-132. A70, p. 127. 375. HODGSON, E. & CASIDA, J. E. Mammalian 362. CASIDA, J. E. ET AL. Metabolism of 2,2-dichlo- enzymes involved in the degradation of 2,2- rovinyl dimethyl phosphate in relation to resi- dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate. J. agric. dues in milk and mammalian tissues. J. agric. Food Chem., 10: 208-214 (1962). Food Chem., 10: 370-376 (1962). 376. HUNTER, C. G. Report on initial studies of 363. CAVAGNA, G. ET AL. Clinical effects of expo- deliberate exposure to high concentrations of sure to DDVP (Vapona) insecticide in hospital dichlorvos by human subjects. Unpublished wards. Arch. environ. Health, 19: 112-123 report, Tunstall Lab., Shell Research Ltd, Sit- (1969). tingbourne. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1969. Sum- 364. CAVAGNA, G. ET AL. Exposure of newborn mary in ref. A70, pp. 132-133. babies to ' Vapona ' insecticide. Eur. J. Toxi- 377. HUNTER, C. G. Dichlorvos: human inhalation col., 3: 49-57 (1970). studies. Abstracts of the tenth Annual Meeting 365. CAVAGNA, G. & VIGLIANI, E. C. Problemes of the Society of Toxicology. Toxicol. appl. d'hygiene et de securite dans l'emploi du Pharmacol., 19, Abstr. No. 46. Vapona insecticide dans les locaux domes- 378. JOLLEY, W. B. ET AL. Unpublished report, tiques. Med. Lav., 61: 409-423 (1970). Kettering Lab., University of Cincinatti. Shell 366. DURHAM, W. F. ET AL. The toxicity of 0,0- Chemical Co.,* 1967. Summary in ref. A64, dimethyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP). p. 91. Arch. industr. Health, 15: 340-349 (1957). 379. KIMBROUGH, R. D. Work cited in " Summary 367. DURHAM, W. F. ET AL. Toxicological studies of of Vapona insecticide review ". Unpublished O,O-dimethyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate report, Shell Chemical Co., 1970. Summary in (DDVP) in tobacco warehouses. Arch. industr. ref. A70,* p. 126. Health, 20: 202-210 (1959). 380. KLOTZSCHE, C. Zur Toxikologie des 0,0- 368. FUNCKES, A. J. ET AL. Initial field studies in Dimethyl-2,2-dichlorvinylphosphat. Z. angew. Upper Volta with dichlorvos residual fumigant Zool., 1: 87-93 (1956). 30 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

381. LAWS, E. R. Jr. Route of absorbtion of DDVP incipient toxicity level of dichlorvos in hu- after oral administration to rats. Toxicol. appl. mans. Fed. Proc., 24: 427 (1967). Phlarmacol., 8: 193-196 (1966). 394. SASINOVICH, L. M. [The maximum permissible 382. LOFROTH, G. Alkylating property of 2,2- concentration of DDVP in the air of the dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos, working zone.] Gig. i Sanit., 33 (12): 35-39 DDVP): a disregarded hazard. Paper pre- (1968) (in Russian). sented at a meeting of the Children's Cancer 395. SAX, K. & SAX, H. J. Possible mutagenic Research Foundation, Boston, 3 September hazards of some food additives, beverages and 1969. Summary in ref. A70, p. 128. insecticides. Jpn. J. Genet., 43: 89-94 (1968). 383. LOFROTH, G. Alkylation of DNA by dichlor- 396. SHERMAN, M. & Ross, E. Acute and subacute vos. Naturwissenschaften, 57: 393-394 (1970). toxicity of insecticides to chicks. Toxicol. appl. 384. LOFROTH, G. ET AL. Alkylating property of 2,2- Pharmacol., 3: 52-533 (1961). dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos, 397. SINGH, V. K. & RAINIER, R. H. Three year DDVP): a disregarded hazard. Environ. Muta- chronic oral toxicity of formulated dichlorvos gen Soc. Newsl., 2: 21-24 (1969). in swine with special reference to possible 385. MArrSON, A. M. ET AL. Dimethyl 2,2-dichloro- effects upon fertility and the viability of the vinyl phosphate (DDVP), an organic phospho- offspring of the animals fed continuously on rus compound highly toxic to insects. J. agric. diets containing the drug. Unpublished report, Food Chem., 3: 319-321 (1955). Bio/Toxicological Research Associates, Spen- cerville, OH, USA. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1966. 386. NARCISSE, J. K. ET AL. A potentiation study in Summary in ref. A70, p. 127. rats of Vapona with 26 other cholinesterase- 398. STEVENSON, D. E. & BLAIR, D. A preliminary inhibiting compounds. Unpublished report, report on the inhalation toxicity of high con- Co. Shell Development Shell Chemical Co.,* centrations of dichlorvos. Unpublished report, 1967. Summary in ref. A64, p. 91. Shell Research, Tunstall Lab. Shell Chemical 387. PAGE, A. C. Metabolic fate and tissue residues Co.,* 1969. Summary in ref. A70, p. 130. following oral administration of dichlorvos. 399. TRACY, R. L. ET AL. Toxicological aspects of Unpublished reports, Shell Chemical Co.,* 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP) 1970. Summary in ref. A70, pp. 151-152. in cows, horses and white rats. J. econ. Ento- 388. PALUT, D. ET AL. [Investigation of the metabo- mol., 53: 593-601 (1960). lism of some organophosphorus insecticides on 400. VIGLIANI, E. C. Preliminary results of newborn animal model systems. II Hydrolytic degrada- babies to Vapona insecticide. Unpublished tion in vitro.] Rocz. Pahstw. Zakl. Hig., 20: report, Institute of Occupational Health 551-555 (1969) (in Polish). " L. Devoto ", University of Milan. Shell 389. PREUSSMANN, R. Direct alkylating agents as Chemical Co.,* 1966. Summary in ref. A62, carcinogens. Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 6: 576-577 p. 69. (1968). 401. VIGLIANI, E. C. Results of recent studies on 390. RASMUSSEN, W. A. ET AL. Toxicological studies Vapona. Paper presented at the 7th Shell of DDVP for disinsection of aircraft. Aerosp. Industrial Doctors' Meeting, Strasbourg, 27-29 Med., 34: 593-600 (1963). May, 1970. Shell International Research Ltd,* 391. ROGER, J. C. ET AL. Nicotinic acid analogs: 1970. Summary in ref. A70, p. 135. effects on response of chick embryos and hens 402. VoGcN, E. E. Teratological studies with di- to organophosphate toxicants. Science, 144: chlorvos in rabbits. Unpublished report, Food 539-540 (1964). & Drug Labs, Haspeth, NY. Shell Chemical 392. ROGER, J. C. ET AL. Structure activity and Co.,* 1969. Summary in ref. A70, p. 127. metabolism studies on organophosphate tera- 403. WITHERUP, S. ET AL. The effects exerted upon togens and their alleviating agents in develop- the fertility of rats, and upon the viability of ing hen eggs with special emphasis on Bidrin. their offspring, by the introduction of Vapona Biochem. Pharmacol., 18: 373-392 (1969). insecticide into their diets. Unpublished report, 393. RIDER, S. A. ET AL. Continuing studies on Kettering Lab., Cincinatti. Shell Chemical anticholinesterase effect of methyl-parathion, Co.,* 1965. Summaries in ref. A62, p. 73; A70, initial studies with Guthion, determination of p. 126. PESTICIDES 31

404. WITHERUP, S. ET AL. The effects exerted upon 415. EDSON, E. F. ET AL. Safety of dimethoate rats during a period of two years by the insecticide. Br. med. J., A: 554-555 (1967). introduction of Vapona insecticide into their 416. EsPosrro, R. G. ET AL. Dimethoate: demyeli- daily diets. Unpublished report, Kettering nation studies in white leghorn hens. Unpub- Lab., Cincinnati. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1967. lished report No. 65-66, Central Medical Dep. Summary in ref. A64, p. 92. of Cyanamid. American Cyanamid Co.,* 1965. 405. WITTER, R. F. ET AL. Studies on the safety of Summary in ref. A64, pp. 119-120 (referred as DDVP for the disinsection of commercial air- Levinskas & Shaffer, 1965). craft. Bull. World Health Organ., 24: 635-642 417. EsposITo, R. G. ET AL. Oxygen-analog of dime- (1961). thoate: demyelination studies in white leghorn 406. YAMASHITA, K. Toxicity of dipterex and its hens. Unpublished report No. 65-67, Central vinyl derivative (DDVP). Ind. Med. Surg., 31: Medical Dep. of Cyanamid. American Cyana- 170-173 (1962). mid Co.,* 1965. Summary in ref. A64, p. 120 407. YOUNG, R. Jr. Dichlorvos infusion studies. (referred as Levinskas & Shaffer, 1965). Unpublished technical information report, 418. FOGLEMAN, R. W. ET AL. Oxygen analog of Shell Development Co. Shell Chemical Co.,* dimethoate: twenty-eight day feeding of rats. 1969. Summary in ref. A70, p. 123. Unpublished report No. 63-12, Central Medi- 408. CASIDA, J. E. & SANDERSON, D. M. Toxic cal Dep. of Cyanamid. American Cyanamid hazards from formulating the insecticide dime- Co.,* 1963. Summary in ref. A64, p. 119 thoate in methyl cellosolve. Nature, 189: 507- (referred as Fogleman et al. 1965). 508 (1962). 419. O'BRIEN, R. D. Activation of thionophos- 409. CASIDA, J. E. & SANDERSON, D. M. Solvent phates by liver microsomes. Nature, 183: 121- effect in toxicity: reaction of certain phospho- 122 (1959). rothioate insecticides with alcohols and poten- 420. O'BRIEN, R. D. The effect of SKF 525A (2- tiation by breakdown products. J. agric. Food diethylaminoethyl 2,2-diphenylvalerate hydro- Chem., 11: 91-96 (1963). chloride) on organophosphate metabolism in 410. CHILWELL, E. D. & BEECHMAN, P. T. Residues insects and mammals. Biochem. J., 74: 229-235 of O,O-dimethyl S-(N-methyl carbamoyl- (1961). ethyl) phosphorothiolothionate (dimethoate) 421. SAMPAOLO, A. Ricerca di metaboliti della N- in sprayed crops. J. Sci. Food Agric., 11: 176- monometilammide dell'acido O,O-dimetildi- 177 (1960). tiofosforilacetico (principio attivo del Rogor 411. COLLINS, E. G. ET AL. Oxy-carboxy dime- nell'olio d'olivo). Rend. Ist. super. Sanitai, 24: thoate: thirty-three day repeated feeding to 936-949 (1961). rats. Unpublished report, Central Medical 422. SANDERSON, D. M. & EDSON, E. F. Toxicologi- Dep. of Cyanamid. American Cyanamid Co.,* cal properties of the organophosphorus insecti- 1965. Summary in ref. A64, pp. 118-119 (refer- cide dimethoate. Br. J. ind. Med., 21: 52-64 red as Levinskas & Shaffer, 1965). (1964). 412. COLLINS, E. G. ET AL. Dimethoate: successive 423. SANTI, R. & GIACOMELLI, R. Metabolic fate of generation studies in mice. Unpublished re- P32-labeled dimethoate in olive fruits and some port, Central Medical Dep. of Cyanamid. toxicological implications. J. agric. Food American Cyanamid Co.,* 1965. Summary in Chem., 10: 257-261 (1962). ref. A64, p. 118 (referred as Ribelin et al., 424. SANTI, R. & de PIFrl-SONELLI, P. Mode of 1965). action and biological properties of the S- 413. DAUTERMAN, W. C. ET AL. Persistence of dime- (methylcarbamyl)methyl O,O-dimethyl-dithio- thoate and metabolites following foliar appli- phosphate. Nature, 183: 398 (1959). cation to plants. J. agric. Food Chem., 8: 115- 425. SHERMAN, M. ET AL. Chronic toxicity of dime- 119 (1960). thoate to hens. J. econ. Entomol., 56: 10-15 414. ECOBICHON, D. J. & KALOW, W. Action of (1963). organophosphorus compounds upon esterases 426. WEST, B. ET AL. Acute and subacute toxicity of in human liver. Can. J. Biochem., 41: 1537- dimethoate. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 3: 210- 1546 (1963). 223 (1961). 32 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

427. ARTHUR, B. W. & CASIDA, J. E. Biological containing Di-Syston on rats. Unpublished activity and metabolism of Hercules AC-528 report, University of Chicago. Chemagro components in rats and cockroaches. J. econ. Corp.,* 1958. Summary in ref. A76, p. 255. Entomol., 52: 20-27 (1959). 442. DuBois, K. P. The acute toxicity of Di-Syston 428. DuBoLs, K. P. ET AL. Quantitative measure- in combination with other organic phosphates ment of inhibition of aliesterase, acylamidase to rats. Unpublished report, University of Chi- and cholinesterase by EPN and Delnav. Toxi- cago. Chemagro Corp.,* 1957. Summary in col. appl. Pharmacol., 12: 273-284 (1968). ref. A76, p. 251. 429. FRAWLEY, J. P. Er AL. Toxicologic investiga- 443. DuBois, K. P. The acute oral toxicity of Di- tions on Delnav. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 5: Syston given simultaneously with Phosdrin to 605-624 (1963). rats. Unpublished report, University of Chi- 430. KENNEDY, G. L. ET AL. Multigeneration repro- cago. Chemagro Corp.,* 1957. Summary in duction study in rats fed Delnav, Herban and ref. A76, p. 251. Toxaphene. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 25: 589- 444. DuBois, K. P. The acute toxicity of Di-Syston 596 (1973). in combination with delnav, ethion and serum 431. MuRPHY, S. D. Response of adaptive liver to rats. Unpublished report, University of Chi- enzymes to acute poisoning by organophos- cago. Chemagro Corp., 1960. Summary in ref. phate insecticides. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., A76,* p. 251. 8: 266-276 (1966). 445. DuBois, K. P. & KINOSH1TA, F. K. Effect of 432. ZARATZIAN, V. L. ET AL. Effects of organic repeated inhalation exposure of female rats to phosphates Delnav and malathion in the dog. Di-Syston. Unpublished report, University of Fed. Proc., 20: 432 (1961). Chicago. Chemagro Corp., 1971. Summary in 433. ARNOLD, D. ET AL. Mutagenic study with DI- ref. A76,* p. 252. SYSTON in albino mice. Unpublished report, 446. FLETCHER, D. ET AL. Neurotoxicity study with Industrial Bio-Test Labs, Inc. Chemagro Di-Syston technical in chickens. Unpublished Corp.,* 1971. Summary in ref. A76, p. 249. report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Chemagro 434. BEN-DYKE, R. ET AL. Acute toxicity data for Corp.,* 1971. Summary in ref. A76, p. 251. pesticides (1970). World Rev. Pest Control, 9: 447. HECHT, J. & KIMMERLE, G. Toxikologische 119-127 (1970). Untersuchungen mit dem Wirkstoff, E 23 323. 435. BOMBINSIu, T. J. & DuBois, K. P. Toxicity and Unpublished report, Institute of Toxicology, mechanism of action of Di-Syston. Arch. ind. Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1965. Sum- Health, 17: 192-199 (1958). mary in ref. A76, p. 251. 436. BRODEUR, J. & DuBois, K. P. Studies on the 448. KIMMERLE, G. Di-Syston. Unpublished report, mechanism of acquired tolerance by rats to Institute of Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. O,O-diethyl S-2-(ethylthio) ethyl phosphoro- Bayer AG,* 1961. Summary in ref. A76, p. 251. dithioate (Di-Syston). Arch. int. Pharmacodyn., 449. KIMMERLE, G. S 309 and S 276. Unpublished 149: 560-570 (1964). report, Institute of Toxicology, Wuppertal- 437. BUDREAU, C. H. Teratogenicity and chromo- Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1962. Summary in ref. toxicity of three organophosphorus insecticides A76, p. 254. in CFI mice. Diss. Abstr., 33: 1174B (1972). 450. KIMMERLE, G. Di-Syston (S 276)/Antidotwir- 438. BUDREAU, C. H. & SINGH, P. P. Teratogenicity kung und Potenzierung. Unpublished report, and embryotoxicity of demeton and fenthion Institute of Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. in CFI mouse embryos. Toxicol. appl. Pharma- Bayer AG,* 1966. Summary in ref. A76, p. 253. col., 24: 324-333 (1973). 451. KIMMERLE, G. Acute toxicity of SRA 3886 in 439. BULL, D. L. Metabolism of Di-Syston by combination with S 276 and with E 154 to rats. insects, isolated cotton leaves and rats. J. econ. Unpublished report, Institute of Toxicology, Entomol., 58: 249-254 (1965). Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1972. Sum- 440. DOULL, J. The acute inhalation toxicity of Di- mary in ref. A76, p. 251. Syston to rats and mice. Unpublished report, 452. KLOTZSCHE, C. Disulfoton, 90 day feeding University of Chicago. Chemagro Corp.,* study in rats. Unpublished report, Sandoz 1957. Summary in ref. A76, p. 253. Agroforschung. Sandoz Ltd,* 1972. Summary 441. DOULL, J. & VAUGHN, G. The effects of diets in ref. A76, pp. 255-256. PESTICIDES 33

453. LADD, R. ET AL. Teratogenic study with Di- 465. [MAY & BAKER LTD.] Ethion. Unpublished Syston technical in albino rabbits. Unpub- report, May & Baker Ltd,* 1960. Summary in lished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. ref. A66, p. 154. Chemagro Corp.,* 1971. Summary in ref. A76, 466. ARNOLD, D. ET AL. Mutagenic study with p. 250. ethion in albino mice. Unpublished report, 454. MARCH, R. B. ET AL. Metabolism of P32-dithio- Industrial Bio-Test Labs. FMC Corp.,* 1972. Systox in the white mouse and american cock- Summary in ref. A74, p. 256. roach. Unpublished report, University of Cali- 467. BRANDAV, E. G. ET AL. Excretion of ethion- fornia, Citrus Experiment Station. Chemagro methylene-14C by the rat. Unpublished report, Corp.,* 1957. Summary in ref. A76, p. 243. Research & Development Dep., Niagara 455. METCALF, R. L. ET AL. Plant metabolism of Chemical Division, FMC Corp. FMC Corp.,* dithio-Systox and Thimet. J. econ. Entomol., 1971. Summary in ref. A74, p. 255. 50: 338-345 (1957). 468. FLETCHR, D. ET AL. Neurotoxicity study with 456. MODAK, A. ET AL. The effects of chronic ethion technical in adult hens. Unpublished disulfoton treatment on the cholinesterase ac- report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. FMC Corp.,* tivity of the rat. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 19: 1972. Summary in ref. A74, p. 256. 367 (1971). 469. GREco, R. A. ET AL. The in vitro inhibitory 457. MUHLMANN, R. & TETZ, H. Das chemische effects of ethion, ethion monooxon and ethion Verhalten von Methylisosystox in der lebenden dioxon on human plasma and erythrocyte Pflanze und das sich daraus ergebende Ruck- cholinesterase activity. Unpublished report, standproblem. Hofchen-Briefe, 9: 116-140 Industrial Bio-Test Labs. FMC Corp.,* 1970. (1956). Summary in ref. A74, p. 255. 458. RIvETT, K. F. ET AL. Thio-demeton/oral tox- 470. HALEY, S. ET AL. Teratogenic study with ethion icity to mice/dietary administration for three technical in albino rats. Unpublished report, months. Unpublished report, Huntingdon Re- Industrial Bio-Test Labs. FMC Corp.,* 1972. search Centre. Sandoz Ltd.,* 1972. Summary Summary in ref. A74, p. 256. in ref. A76, p. 255. 471. HARTKE, K. ET AL. Two-year chronic oral 459. SACHSSE, K. R. & Voss, G. Toxicology of toxicity study with ethion technical in beagle phosphamidon. Residue Rev., 37: 61-88 (1971). dogs. Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test 460. STAVINOHA, W. B. ET AL. Biochemical effects of Labs. FMC Corp.,* 1972. Summary in ref. an organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor A74, p. 257. on the rat brain. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 160: 472. HORN, H. J. Nialate Techn. Potentiation 378-382 (1969). study. Acute oral administration-rats. Un- 461. Su, M. Q. ET AL. Comparative inhibition of published report, Hazleton Labs. FMC aliesterases and cholinesterase in rats fed eigh- Corp.,* 1958. Summary in ref. A66, p. 156 teen organophosphorus insecticides. Toxicol. (referred as Hazleton Labs, 1958d). appl. Pharmacol., 20: 241-249 (1971). 473. JOHNSTON, C. D. In vitro cholinesterase stu- 462. TAYLOR, R. E. Di-Syston/three generation dies. Nialate Tech. (1240). Final report. Un- breeding study on rats. Unpublished report, published report, Hazleton Labs. FMC Harris Labs, Lincoln, Nebraska. Chemagro Corp.,* 1958. Summary in ref. A66, p. 154 Corp.,* 1966. Summary in ref. A76, p. 250. (referred as Hazleton Labs., 1958a). 463. VAUGHN, G. ET AL. Determination of a safe 474. KAY, J. H. & CALANDRA, J. C. Addendum dietary level of Di-Syston for dogs. Unpub- report. Effects of ethion on cholinesterase ac- lished report, University of Chicago. Chem- tivity in the dog. Unpublished report, Indus- agro Corp.,* 1958. Summary in ref. A76, trial Bio-Test Labs. FMC Corp.,* 1961. Sum- p. 256. mary in ref. A66, p. 156 (referred as Ind. Bio- 464. WEIL, C. S. ET AL. Correlation of four hour vs. Test Labs, 1961b). 24 hour contact skin penetration toxicity in the KAY, J. H. & CALANDRA, J. C. Effects of rat and rabbit and use of the former for ethion on cholinesterase activity in the dog. prediction of relative hazard of pesticide for- Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. mulations. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 18: 734- FMC Corp.,* 1961. Summary in ref. A66, 742 (1971). p. 156 (referred as Ind. Bio-Test Labs, 1961a). 34 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

475. KELLER, J. G. Nialate Tech. (1240). Final 484. SMITH, P. S. ET AL. Two-year chronic oral report. Subacute administration-dogs. Un- toxicity study with ethion technical in albino published report, Hazleton Labs. FMC rats. Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test Corp.,* 1958. Summary in ref. A66, pp. 155- Labs. FMC Corp.,* 1972. Summary in ref. 156 (referred as Hazleton Labs, 1958c). A74, p. 257. 476. KELLER, J. G. Ethion. Acute oral administra- 485. ARNOLD, D. ET AL. Mutagenic study with tion to rats. Unpublished report, Hazleton Nemacur (BAY 68138) technical in albino Labs. FMC Corp.,* 1961. Summary in ref. mice. Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test A66, p. 154 (referred as Hazleton Labs, 1961). Labs. Bayer AG,* 1971. Summary in ref. A78, 477. KELLER, J. G. & HuRsT, H. L. Subacute p. 298. feeding studies in the rat with Nialate Techn. 486. COULSTON, F. & WILLS, J. H. Summary of (1240). Unpublished report, Hazleton Labs. research on fenamiphos. Unpublished report, FMC Corp.,* 1958. Summary in ref. A66, Albany Medical College, NY. Bayer AG,* p. 155 (referred as Hazleton Labs, 1958b). 1974. Summary in ref. A78, p. 298. R. The KELLER, J. G. & HURST, H. L. Nialate techni- 487. CRAWFORD, C. & ANDERSON, skin and eye irritating properties of Bay 68138 technical cal (ethion). Final report. Ninety-day feeding Chemagro study-rats. Unpublished report, Hazleton to rabbits. Unpublished report, Labs. FMC Corp.,* 1959. Summary in ref. Division of Bayhem Corp. Bayer AG,* 1971. A66, p. 155 (referred as Hazleton Labs, 1959). Summary in ref. A78, p. 298. 488. CRAWFORD, C. & ANDERSON, R. The acute 478. KENNEDY, G. L. & CALANDRA, J. C. Three- dermal toxicity of Nemacur technical to rab- generation reproduction study in albino rats bits. Unpublished report, Chemagro Division on ethion. First generation, second generation of Baychem Corp. Bayer AG,* 1972. Summary and final report. Unpublished report, Indus- in ref. A78, p. 302. trial Bio-Test Labs. FMC Corp.,* 1965. Sum- 489. CRAWFORD, C. & ANDERSON, R. The acute tnary in ref. A66, p. 156 (referred as Industrial dermal toxicity of Nemacur 3lbs/gal. spray Bio-Test Labs, 1965b). concentrate to rabbits. Unpublished report, 479. KRETCHMAR, B. ET AL. Acute oral toxicity Chemagro Division of Baychem Corp. Bayer study with ethion technical in female albino AG,* 1972. Summary in ref. A78, p. 302. rats. Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test 490. CRAWFORD, C. & ANDERSON, R. The dermal Labs. FMC Corp.,* 1971. Summary in ref. toxicity of Nemacur 15% granular to rats. A74, p. 256. Unpublished report, Chemagro Division of 480. MASu, C. ET AL. Acute oral toxicity studies Baychem Corp. Bayer AG,* 1972. Summary in with ethion dioxon and ethion monooxon in ref. A78, p. 302. albino rats. Unpublished report, Industrial 491. CRAWFORD, C. & ANDERSON, R. Comparative Bio-Test Labs. FMC Corp.,* 1970. Summary oral toxicity in rats of several impurities and a in ref. A74, p. 257. technical compound of Nemacur with analyti- 481. PALAZZOLO, R. J. ET AL. A study on the effects cal grade Nemacur. Unpublished report, of ethion on plasma and erythrocyte cholines- Chemagro Division of Baychem Corp. Bayer terase activity in human subjects during sub- AG,* 1973. Summary in ref. A78, p. 301. acute administration. Unpublished report, 492. CRAWFORD, C. & ANDERSON, R. The eye and Industrial Bio-Test Labs. FMC Corp.,* 1970. skin irritancy of Nemacur 31b/gal spray con- Summary in ref. A74, p. 258. centrate to rabbits. Unpublished report, 482. PALAZZOLO, R. J. ET AL. Cholinesterase inhibi- Chemagro Division of Baychem Corp. Bayer tion studies in man with ethion. Toxicol. appl. AG,* 1973. Summary in ref. A78, p. 302. Pharmacol., 22: 286 (1972). 493. CRAWFORD, C. & ANDERSON, R. The acute oral 483. PALAZZOLO, R. J. ET AL. Acute oral toxicity of toxicity of two Nemacur phenolic metabolities ethion MR E423. Unpublished report, Indus- and MTMC to male and female rats. Unpub- trial Bio-Test Labs. FMC Corp.,* 1965. Sum- lished report, Chemagro Division of Baychem mary in ref. A66, p. 154 (referred as Industrial Corp. Bayer AG,* 1974. Summary in ref. A78, Bio-Test Labs, 1965a). p. 301. PESTICIDES 35

494. CRAWFORD, C. ET AL. The skin and eye irritat- 504. KIMMERLE, G. Subchronic neurotoxicity stu- ing properties of BAY 68138 31b/gal S.C. to dies on chickens. Unpublished report, Institute rabbits. Unpublished report, Chemagro Divi- for Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer sion of Baychem Corp. Bayer AG,* 1970. AG,* 1970. Summary in ref. A78, p. 299. Summary in ref. A78, p. 302. SPICER, J. Pathology report of BAY 68138- 495. CRAWFORD, C. ET AL. The acute inhalation hen study. Unpublished report, Huntingdon toxicity of Nemacur 15% granular to rats. Research Centre. Bayer AG,* 1971. Summary Unpublished report, Chemagro Division of in ref. A78, p. 299. Baychem Corp. Bayer AG,* 1970. Summary in 505. KIMMERLE, G. Acute neurotoxicity studies on ref. A78, p. 302. hens. Unpublished report, Institute for Toxi- 496. DuBois, K. & FLYNN, M. The subacute paren- cology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* teral toxicity of BAY 68138 to rats. Unpub- 1971. Summary in ref. A78, p. 299. lished report, University of Chicago. Bayer SPICER, J. Pathology report of BAY 68138- AG,* 1968. Summary in ref. A78, p. 303. subchronic neurotoxicity tests on hens. Un- 497. DuBois, K. ET AL. The acute toxicity and published report, Huntingdon Research anticholinesterase action of Bayer 68138. Un- Centre. Bayer AG,* 1970. Summary in ref. published report, University of Chicago. Bayer A78, p. 299. AG,* 1967. Summary in ref. A78, p. 300. 506. KIMMERLE, G. Antidotal experiments on rats. 498. DuBois, K. & KINOSHITA, F. Acute oral and Unpublished report, Institute for Toxicology, dermal toxicity of a granular formulation of Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1972. Sum- BAY 68138. Unpublished report, University of mary in ref. A78, p. 302. Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1970. Summary in ref. 507. KIMMERLE, G. Acute inhalation toxicity study A78, p. 302. with Nemacur active ingredient on rats. Un- 499. DuBois, K. & KINOSHITA, F. The acute oral published report, Institute for Toxicology, inhalation toxicity of a Nemacur (BAY 68138) Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1972. Sum- formulation to rats. Unpublished report, Uni- mary in ref. A78, p. 300. versity of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1971. Sum- 508. KIMMERLE, G. & SOLMECKE, B. BAY 68138 mary in ref. A78, p. 302. toxicological studies. Unpublished report, 500. GRONBERG, R. The metabolic fate of ethyl-4- Institute for Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. (methylthio)-m-tolyl isopropylphosphorami- Bayer AG,* 1971. Summary in ref. A78, p. 300. date (BAY 68138), ethyl-4-(methylsulfinyl)-m- 509. KIMMERLE, G. & SOLMECKE, B. Granular for- tolyl isopropylphosphoraffiidate (BAY 68138 mulation-acute dermal toxicity on rats. Un- sulfoxide) and ethyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)-m- published report, Institute for Toxicology, tolyl-isopropylphosphoramidate (BAY 68138 Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1971. Sum- sulfone) by white rats. Unpublished report, mary in ref. A78, pp. 300-301. Chemagro Division of Baychem Corp. Bayer 510. LADD, R. ET AL. Teratogenic study with Nema- AG,* 1969. Summary in ref. A78, p. 297. cur technical in albino rabbits. Unpublished 501. GRONBERG, R. ET AL. The metabolic fate of report, Industrial Bio-Test Lab. Bayer AG,* Nemacur sulfoxide administered orally to a 1971. Summary in ref. A78, p. 300. lactating dairy cow. Unpublished report, 511. LOSER, E. Subchronic toxicological studies on Chemagro Division of Baychem Corp. Bayer dogs. Unpublished report, Institute for Toxi- AG,* 1974. Summary in ref. A78, p. 297. cology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 502. GRONBERG, R. ET AL. Residues of Nemacur in 1968. Summary in ref. A78, pp. 303-304. poultry eggs and tissue. Unpublished report, 512. LOSER, E. Subchronic toxicological studies on Chemagro Division of Baychem Corp. Bayer rats. Unpublished report, Institute for Toxi- AG,* 1973. Summary in ref. A78, p. 317. cology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 503. KASAWINAH, A. & FLINT, D. Metabolism of 1968. Summary in ref. A78, p. 303. Nemacur (ethyl-4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl isopro- MAWDESLEY-THOMAS, L. & URWIN, C. Pa- pylphosphoramidate) by rat liver microsomes thology report of BAY 68138-subchronic in vitro. Unpublished report, Chemagro Divi- toxicological studies in rats. Unpublished sion of Baychem Corp. Bayer AG,* 1972. report, Huntingdon Research Centre. Bayer Summary in ref. A78, p. 297. AG,* 1970. Summary in ref. A78, p. 303. 36 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

513. LOSER, E. Subchronic toxicological studies on 519. SMrrH, P. ET AL. Eighteen month carcinogenic dogs (3 month feeding test). Unpublished study with Nemacur (BAY 68138) in Swiss report, Institute for Toxicology, Wuppertal- white mice. Unpublished report, Industrial Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1969. Summary in ref. Bio-Test Labs. Bayer AG,* 1972. Summary in A78, p. 304. ref. A78, p. 298. MAWDESLEY-THOMAS, L. & URWIN, C. Pa- 520. THYSSEN, J. Nemacursulfoxid, akute Toxizitat thology report of BAY 68138-subchronic bei Ratten. Unpublished report, Institute for toxicity tests in dogs. Unpublished report, Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* Huntingdon Research Centre. Bayer AG,* 1974. Summary in ref. A78, p. 301. 1970. Summary in ref. A78, p. 304. 521. THYSSEN, J. Nemacursulfon, akute Toxizitiit 514. LOSER, E. Subchronic toxicological studies on bei Ratten. Unpublished report, Institute for dogs. Unpublished report, Institute for Toxi- Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* cology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1974. Summary in ref. A78, p. 301. 1970. Summary in ref. A78, pp. 304-305. 522. THYSSEN, J. 4-methyl-mercapto-m-Kresol, THOMPSON, C. ET AL. Pathology report of BAY akute Toxizitat bei Ratten. Unpublished re- 68138-subchronic toxicity study in dogs. port, Institute for Toxicology, Wuppertal- Unpublished report, Huntingdon Research Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1974. Summary in ref. Centre. Bayer AG,* 1972. Summary in ref. A78, p. 301. A78, pp. 304-305. 523. THYSSEN, J. 3-methyl-4-methyl-mercaptophe- 515. L6SER, E. Chronic toxicological studies on rats nol, akute Toxizitat bei Ratten. Unpublished (2 year feeding experiment). Unpublished report, Institute for Toxicology, Wuppertal- report, Institute for Toxicology, Wuppertal- Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1974. Summary in ref. Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1972. Summary in ref. A78, p. 301. A78, pp. 305-306. 524. THYSSEN, J. 3-methyl-4-methan-sulfonyl CHERRY, C. & NEWMAN, A. Pathology report phenol, akute Toxizitat bei Ratten. Unpub- of Bayer 68138-chronic toxicological studies lished report, Institute for Toxicology, Wup- in rats. Unpublished report, Huntingdon Re- pertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1974. Summary search Centre. Bayer AG,* 1973. Summary in in ref. A78, p. 301. ref. A78, pp. 305-306. 525. WAGONNER, T. Metabolism of Nemacur 0- 516. E. Chronic studies on ethyl (04(methylthio)-m-tolyl isopropylphos- LOSER, toxicological phamidate and identification of two metabo- dogs (2 year feeding experiment). Unpublished lites in plants. J. agric. Food Chem., 20: 157- report, Institute of Toxicology, Wuppertal- 160 (1972). Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1972. Summary in ref. 526. GOULD, A. H. Human volunteer tests concern- A78, p. 305. ing the oral toxicity of Ronnel. Unpublished THOMPSON, C. ET AL. Pathology report of BAY report, A. H. Gould, Washington, D.C. Dow 68138-chronic toxicity study in dogs (admin- Chemical Co.,* 1961. Summary in ref. A66, istration in diet for 2 years). Unpublished p. 179. report, Huntingdon Research Centre. Bayer 527. HYMAS, T. A. Checking Ronnel for neurotoxic AG,* 1972. Summary in ref. A78, p. 305. effect in 20-month old hens. Unpublished 517. LOSER, E. Generation studies on rats. Unpub- report, T. A. Hymas. Dow Chemical Co.,* lished report, Institute for Toxicology, Wup- 1961. Summary in ref. A66, p. 179. pertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1972. Summary 528. KELLER, J. G. Ten-week dietary feeding. Dogs. in ref. A78, pp. 299-300. (Potentiation study). Final report revised. CHERRY, C. ET AL. Pathology report of BAY Unpublished report, Hazleton Lab. Dow 68138-rat breeding study. Unpublished re- Chemical Co.,* 1961. Summary in ref. A66, port, Huntingdon Research Centre. Bayer p. 178. AG,* 1972. Summary in ref. A78, pp. 299-300. 529. LENG, M. L. Cholinesterase inhibitory power 5188 L6SER, E. & KIMMERLE, G. Acute and sub- of various Ronnel metabolites. Unpublished chronic toxicity of Nemacur active ingredient. report, Agricultural Chemicals Research Dep. Pflanzenschutz-Nachr. Bayer, 24 (1): 69-113 Dow Chemical Co.,* 1958. Summary in ref. (1971). A66, p. 176. PESTICIDES 37

530. MCCOLLISTER, D. D. ET AL. Results of fertility 541. [CARSHALTON LABS.] OMS-43: mammalian and reproduction studies in rats maintained on toxicity. Unpublished report, Toxicology Re- diets containing Ronnel. Unpublished report, search Unit, Carhalton Labs,* 1964. Summary Biochemical Research Lab. Dow Chemical in ref. A68, p. 121. Co.,* 1967. Summary in ref. A66, p. 178. 542. [SUMIMOTO CHEMICAL Co. LTD.] Oral toxicity 531. MCCOLLISTER, D. D. ET AL. Toxicologic infor- of Sumithion on cattle, sheep and swine. Un- mation on 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. Toxicol. appl. published summarized translation from Pharmacol., 3: 63-70 (1961). Manba, N. et al., Research Bulletin No. 89 of 532. MCCOLLISTER, D. D. ET AL. Toxicological the Hokkaido National Agricultural Experi- studies of O,O-dimethyl-O-(2,4,5-trichloro- ment Station. Sumimoto Chemical Co.,* 1966. phenyl) phosphorothioate (Ronnel) in labora- Summary in ref. A78, p. 346. tory animals. J. agric. Food Chem., 7: 689-693 543. [SUMIMOTO CHEMICAL Co. LTD.] Toxicity of (1959). Sumithion. Unpublished report, Cooper Tech- 533. MENZIE, C. Metabolism of pesticides. Wildlife nical Bureau. Sumimoto Chemical Co.,* 1966. Bulletin, US Dep. of the Interior Bureau of Summary in ref. A68, p. 122. Sport, Fisheries and Wildlife, No. 96, 1966, 544. [SUMIMOTO CHEMICAL Co. LTD.] Acute oral pp. 167-169. toxicity study with 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol in of 534. MILLAR, K. R. Residues in tissues of sheep rats. Unpublished report, Pesticide Lab. following dosing and tip spraying with 32p_ Sumimoto Chemical Co. Sumimoto Chemical labelled Ronnel. New Zealand J. agric. Res., 8: Co.,* 1971. Summary in ref. A78, p. 344. 302-312 (1965). 545. [SUMIMOTO CHEMICAL Co. LTD.] Six-month in rats. 535. P. R. ET AL. Ronnel. feeding studies of Sumithion Unpub- NOEL, Chronic toxicity Pesticide Research Dep. of study in the dog. Final report. Unpublished lished report, report, Huntingdon Research Centre. Dow Sumitomo Chemical Co. Sumitomo Chemical Chemical Co.,* 1965. Summary in ref. A66, Co.,* 1972. Summary in ref. A78, p. 345. p. 177. 546. [SUMIMOTO CHEMICAL Co. LTD.] Metabolism of Sumithion. Unpublished report, Research 536. PLAPP, F. W. & CASIDA, J. E. Bovine metabo- Dep. of Sumitomo Chemical Co. Sumitomo lism of organophosphorus insecticides, metab- Chemical Co.,* 1974. Summary in ref. A78, olic fate of O,O-dimethyl 0-(2,4,5-trichloro- p. 336. phenyl) phosphorothioate in rats and a cow. 547. [SUMIMOTO CHEMICAL Co. LTD.] Six month J. agric. Food Chem., 6: 662-667 (1958). feeding study of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol in 537. PLAPP, F. W. & CASIDA, J. E. Hydrolysis of the rats. Unpublished report, Pesticide Lab. of alkyl-phosphate bond in certain dialkyl aryl Sumitomo Chemical Co. Sumitomo Chemical phosphorothioate insecticides by rats, cock- Co.,* 1974. Summary in ref. A78, p. 345. roaches and alkali. J. econ. Entomol., 51: 800- 548. BENE§, V. & CERNA, V. Contribution to the 803 (1958). toxicological evaluation of fenitrothion (0,0- 538. SLOKMA, I. B. Toxicity of Ronnel with special dimethyl-O-/3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl/thiophos- reference to humans. Unpublished report, phate) and its residues. In: Deichmann, W. B. Pitman-Moore Research Center, Indianapolis. et al., ed. Pesticides Symposia. Sixth Inter- Dow Chemical Co.,* 1964. Summary in ref. American Conference on Toxicology and A66, p. 179. Occupational Medicine, University of Miami, 539. SMITH, G. N. Cholinesterase inhibition of 1968. Miami, Halos & Ass., Inc., 1970, fenchlorphos and metabolites. Unpublished pp. 219-222. report, Dow Chemical Co.,* 1968. Summary 549. BENE§, V. ET AL. Fenitrothion II. Reproduction in ref. A66, p. 176. study in rats. J. Hyg. Epidemiol., (1975) (in 540. [CARSHALTON LABS.] WHO insecticide evalua- press). tion and testing programme-stage I. Mam- 550. BENE, V. ET AL. Fenitrothion I: study of malian toxicity report OMS 43 = S 5660, test mutagenic activity in rats. Unpublished report, for neurotoxic effects in hens. Unpublished Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, report, Toxicology Research Unit, Charshal- Prague,* 1974. Summary in ref. A78, pp. 339- ton Labs,* 1962. Summary in ref. A68, p. 120. 340. 38 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

551. BRAID, P. E. & Nix, M. Potentiation of toxi- with Sumithion technical in mallard duck. city of Sumithion by phosphamidon in the rat. Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Canad. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 46: 145-149 Sumitomo Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary in (1968). ref. A78, p. 344. 552. BURTNER, B. R. ET AL. 90-Day subacute oral 562. GAROFALO, M. ET AL. A Study on the effects of study. One-year chronic oral cholinesterase Sumithion on plasma and erythrocyte choli- activity study, and two-year chronic oral toxi- nesterase activity in human subjects during city study with Sumithion technical in beagle subacute oral administration. Unpublished dogs. Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Sumitomo Labs, Sumitomo Chemical Co.,* 1974. Sum- Chemical Co.,* 1972. Summary in ref. A78, mary in ref. A78, p. 345. p. 348. 553. DoucH, P. G. C. ET AL. Metabolism of Foli- 563. HELLINGWORTH, R. M. ET AL. Selectivity of thion (dimethyl-4-nitro-3-methylphenyl phos- Sumithion compared with methyl parathion. phorothionate). Australasian J. Pharm., Influence of structure on anticholinesterase 49 (584): Suppl. 66, p. 2.S (1968). activity. Metabolism in the white mouse. J. 554. DuBois, K. P. & KINOSHITA, F. The acute agric. Food Chem., 15: 235-249 (1967). toxicity of Bayer 41831 in combination with 564. HLADKAJ, A. ET AL. Effect of malathion on the other anticholinesterase insecticides. Unpub- content of fenitrothion and fenitrooxone in the lished report, University of Chicago. Bayer rate. Bull. environ. Contam. Toxicol., 12: 38-45 AG,* 1963. Summary in ref. A68, p. 120. (1974). M. 555. DuBois, K. P. & PUCHALA, E. The acute 565. HLADKA, A. & NosAL, The determination toxicity and anticholinesterase action of Bayer of the exposition to Metathion (fenitrothion) 41831. Unpublished report, University of Chi- on the basis of excreting its metabolite p-nitro- cago. Bayer AG,* 1960. Summary in ref. A68, m-cresol through urine in rats. Int. Arch. p. 121. Gewerbepath. Gewerbehyg., 23: 209-214 (1967). ET Acute oral 556. FLETCHER, D. ET AL. Acute oral toxicity study 566. KADOTA, T. AL. toxicity and with p-nitro meta cresol in ringneck pheasants. delayed neurotoxicity of Sumithion. Unpub- Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. lished report, Research Dep. of Sumithion Sumitomo Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary in Chemical Co. Sumitomo Chemical Co.,* 1974. ref. A78, p. 344. Summary in ref. A78, p. 340. 567. KADOTA, T. ET AL. Ninety-two week feeding 557. FLETCHER, D. ET AL. Acute oral toxicity study study of Sumithion in rats with special refer- with Sumioxon pure in mallard ducks. Unpub- ence to cholinesterase activity. Unpublished lished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Sumi- report, Pesticide Research dep. of Sumitomo tomo Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary in ref. Chemical Co. Sumitomo Chemical Co.,* 1974. A78, p. 344. Summary in ref. A78, pp. 346-347. 558. FLETCHER, D. ET AL. Acute oral toxicity study 568. KIMMERLE, G. Toxikologische Untersuchungen with p-nitro meta cresol in mallard ducks. mit dem Wirdkstoff S 5660. Unpublished re- Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. port, Toxikologisches und Gewerbehygieni- Sumitomo Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary in ches Laboratorium. Bayer AG,* 1962. Sum- ref. A78, p. 343. mary in ref. A68, p. 122. 559. FLETCHER, D. ET AL. Acute oral toxicity study 569. KIMMERLE, G. Neurotoxic effect of S 5660 on with Sumioxon pure in ringneck pheasants. hens. Unpublished report, Toxikologisches Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. und Gewerbehygienisches Laboratorium. Sumitomo Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary in Bayer AG,* 1962. Summary in ref. A68, ref. A78, p. 343. p. 120. 560. FLETCHER, D. ET AL. Acute oral toxicity study 570. KLIMMER, 0. R. Opinion on the toxicity of the with Sumithion in ringneck pheasants. Unpub- compound " S 5660 " of Farbenfabriken Bayer lished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Sumi- AG, Leverkusen. Unpublished report, Phar- tomo Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary in ref. makologischen Institut, Bonn University. A78, p. 343. Bayer AG,* 1961. Summary in ref. A68, 561. FLETCHER, D. ET AL. Acute oral toxicity study p. 122. PESTICIDES 39

571. KOVA6oVA', J. ET AL. Hydrolysis iate and cal Co. Sumitomo Chemical Co.,* 1972. Sum- in vitro anticholinesterase activity of fenitro- mary in ref. A78, p. 343. thion and S-methyl fenitrothion. Pestic. Sci., 582. MIYAMOTO, J. & SATO, Y. Determination of 4: 759-763 (1973). insecticide residue in animal and plant tissues. 572. LADD, R. ET AL. Teratogenic study with Sumi- VI. Determination of Sumithion residue in thion technical in albino rabbits. Unpublished cattle tissues. Botyu Kagaku, 34: 3-6 (1969). report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Sumitomo 583. MIYAMOTO, J. ET AL. Studies on the mode of Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary in ref. A78, action of organophosphorus compounds. p. 342. Part II. Inhibition of mammalian cholineste- 573. LINDBERG, D. C. ET AL. 90-Day subacute oral rase in vivo following the administration of toxicity study with Sumithion technical in Sumithion and methyl parathion. Agric. biol. beagle dogs. Unpublished report, Industrial Chem., 27: 669-676 (1963). Bio-Test Labs. Sumitomo Chemical Co.,* 584. MIYAMOTO, J. ET AL. Studies on the mode of 1972. Summary in ref. A78, p. 345. action of organiphosphorus compounds. 574. MASTALSKI, K. ET AL. Acute oral toxicity study Part I. Metabolic fate of P32 labeled Sumi- with nitro meta cresol in beagle dogs. Unpub- thion and methyl parathion in guinea-pig and lished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Sumi- white rat. Agric. biol. Chem., 27: 381-389 tomo Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary in ref. (1963). A78, p. 344. 585. NISHIZAWA, Y. ET AL. Studies on the organo- 575. MASTALSKI, K. ET AL. Acute oral toxicity study phosphorus insecticides. Part VII. Chemical with Sumioxon pure in beagle dogs. Unpub- and biological properties of new low toxic lished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Sumi- organophosphorus insecticide. O,O-Dimethyl- tomo Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary in ref. 0-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate. A78, p. 344. Agric. biol. Chem., 25: 605-610 (1961). 576. MASTALSKI, K. ET AL. Acute oral toxicity study 586. NosAL, M. & HLADKA, A. Determination of with Sumithion technical grade in beagle dogs. the exposure to fenitrothion [O,O-dimethyl-O- Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. (3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) thiophosphate] on Sumitomo Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary in the basis of the excretion ofp-nitro-m-cresol by ref. A78, p. 343. the urine of the persons tested. Int. Arch. 577. MISU, Y. ET AL. Subacute toxicity of 0,0- Gewerbepath. Gewerbehyg., 25: 28-38 (1968). dimethyl-O-(3-methyl-4 nitrophenyl) phospho- 587. ROSIVAL, L. ET AL. On the toxic effect of the rothioate (Sumithion) in the rat. Toxicol. appl. fenitrothion s-methyl isomer. Unpublished Pharmacol., 9: 17-26 (1966). report, Research Institutes of Hygiene, of 578. MIYAMOTO, J. Studies on the mode of action of Industrial Hygiene and Professional Diseases, organiphosphorus compounds. Part III. Acti- and of Agrochemical Technology, Bratislava,* vation and degradation of Sumithion and 1974. Summary in ref. A78, pp. 342-343. methyl parathion in vivo. Agric. biol. Chem., 588. RUTTER, H. A. & NELSON, L. W. Two-year 28: 411-421 (1964). dietary administration in the rat. Unpublished 579. MIYAMOTO, J. Studies on the mode of action of report, Hazleton Labs. Sumitomo Chemical organophosphorus compounds. Part IV. Pene- Co.,* 1974. Summary in ref. A78, p. 347. tration of Sumithion, methyl parathion and 589. RUTTER, H. A. & VOELKER, R. W. Three their oxygen analogues into guinea pig brain generation reproduction study-rats-with Sumi- and inhibition of cholinestarase in vivo. Agric. thion. Unpublished report, Hazleton Labs. biol. Chem., 28: 422-430 (1964). Sumitomo Chemical Co.,* 1974. Summary in 580. MIYAMOTO, J. Mechanism of low toxicity of ref. A78, p. 341. Sumithion toward mammals. Residue Rev., 25: 590. SUZUKI, H. ET AL. Mutagenicity and radio- 251-264 (1969). mimeticity screening of Sumithion. Unpub- 581. MIYAMOTO, J. & KADOTA, T. Acute oral toxi- lished report, Research Dep. of Sumitomo city in mice and rats. Unpublished report, Chemical Co. Sumitomo Chemical Co.,* 1974. Pesticide Research Dep. of Sumithion Chemi- Summary in ref. A78, p. 339. 40 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

591. VANDANIS, A. & CRAWFORD, L. G. Compara- 601. DOULL, J. ET AL. Effect of BAYER 25141 in tive metabolism of O,O-dimethyl-O-p-nitro- the diet on the reproduction and lactation of phenyl phosphorothioate (methyl parathion) mice. Unpublished report, University of Chi- and 0,O-dimethyl-0-(3-methyl-1-nitrophenyl) cago. Bayer AG,* 1967. Summary in ref. A74, phosphorothioate (Sumithion) J. econ. Ento- p. 297. mol., 57: 136-139 (1964). 602. DuBois, K. P. & JACKSON, P. Comparison of 592. VANDEKAR, M. Observations on the toxicity of the acute toxicity and anticholinesterase action carbaryl, Folithion and 3-isopropropylphenyl of BAYER 25141 and some possible metabo- N-methylcarbamate in a village-scale trial in lites. Unpublished report, University of Chi- Southern Nigeria. Bull. World Health Organ., cago. Bayer AG,* 1967. Summary in ref. A74, 33: 107-115 (1965). pp. 293-295. 593. UCHIYAMA, M. ET AL. Inhibition of hepatic 603. DuBois, K. P. & KINOSHITA, F. The acute drug-metabolizing enzymes by thiophosphate toxicity of BAYER 25141 in combination with insecticides and its toxicological evaluation. other anticholinesterase insecticides. Unpub- Unpublished report, Tohoku University, Sen- lished report, University of Chicago. Bayer, dai, Japan. Sumitomo Chemical Co.,* 1974. AG,* 1963. Summary in ref. A74, pp. 296-297. Summary in ref. A78, p. 339. 604. DuBois, K. P. & KiNosHrTA, F. Acute toxicity 594. UEDA, K. & NISHIMURA, M. Chronic toxicity and anticholinesterase action of O,O-diethyl- of Sumithion: two-year feeding study in rats. O-p-(methylsulfinyl) phenyl phosphorothioate Unpublished report, Dep. of Hygiene and (DMSP) and some related compounds. Toxi- Toxicology, Tokyo Dental College. Sumitomo col. appl. Pharmacol., 6: 78-85 (1964). Chemical Co.,* 1966. Summary in ref. A68, 605. EVERETr, L. J. Rat metabolism of P32 labelled p. 122. Dasanit. Unpublished report, Research Dep., 595. WILFORD, K. ET AL. Toxicological observations Chemagro Corp. Bayer AG,* 1968. Summary during large scale field trial of OMS-43 in in ref. A74, p. 292. Northern Nigeria (preliminary report). WHO 606. GRUNDMAN, E. Histologische Befund. Unpub- working paper 65/TOX/1 prepared for an lished report, Institute for Toxicology, Wup- informal meeting on toxicology of insecticides, pertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1965. Summary Geneva, 1965. Summary in ref. A68, p. 123. in ref. A74, p. 296. 607. KATAGUE, D. B. & ANDERSON, C. A. Metabo- 596. ARNOLD, D. ET AL. Mutagenic study with lism of P32-labelled Dasanit in cotton plants. Dasanit in albino mice. Unpublished report, Bull. environ. Contam. Toxicol., 2: 228-235 Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Chemagro Corp.,* (1967). 1971. Summary in ref. A74, p. 296 (referred as 608. KIMMERLE, G. Neurotoxische Untersuchungen Industrial Bio-Test Labs, 1971b). mit S-767-Wikstoff. Unpublished report, Insti- 597. BENJAMINI, E. ET AL. The chemistry and mode tute for Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. of action of the insecticide O,O-diethyl O-p- Bayer AG,* 1965. Summary in ref. A74, p. 296. methylsulfinyl-phenyl phosphorothionate and 609. KIMMERLE, G. Akute Neurotoxizitatsunter- its analogues. J. econ. Ent., 52: 94-98 (1959). suchungen an Huhnern. Unpublished report, 598. BENJAMINI, E. ET AL. Contact and systematic Institute for Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. insecticidal properties of O,O-diethyl O-p- Bayer AG,* 1965. Summaries in ref. A74, methylsulfinyl-phenyl phosphorothionate and pp. 296-299. its analogues. J. econ. Entomol., 52: 99-102 610. KIMMERLE, G. S-767 (Production No. 3553) (1959). and product 5121 (Production No. 3562). 599. DOULL, J. ET AL. Chronic oral toxicity of Unpublished report, Institute for Toxicology, BAYER 25141 to dogs. Unpublished report, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1965. Sum- University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1966. Sum- mary in ref. A74, pp. 298-299. mary in ref. A74, p. 301. 611. KIMMERLE, G. S-767 Batch 1/64 Lo-Nr 600. DOULL, J. ET AL. Chronic oral toxicity of Bayer 214/Antidotwirkung. Unpublished report, 25141 to rats. Unpublished report, University Institute for Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1966. Summary in ref. Bayer AG,* 1966. Summaries in ref. A74, A74, p. 301. pp. 299, 300. PESTICIDES 41

612. LADD, R. ET AL. Teratogenic study with Dasa- 624. DOULL, J. ET AL. Chronic oral toxicity of Bayer nit technical in albino rabbits. Unpublished 29493 to male and female dogs. Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Chemagro report, University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* Corp.,* 1971. Summary in ref. A74, p. 297 1963. Summary in ref. A72, p. 118. (referred as Industrial Bio-Test Labs, 1971a). 625. DOULL, J. ET AL. Chronic oral toxicity of Bayer 613. ROOT, M. ET AL. Subacute oral toxicity of 29493 to male and female rats. Unpublished Dasanit to female rats. Unpublished report, report, University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1969. Sum- 1963. Summary in ref. A72, pp. 117-118. mary in ref. A74, p. 300. 626. DOULL, J. ET AL. The effects of feeding diets 614. ROOT, M. ET AL. Subacute oral toxicity of containing Bayer 29493 to rats for a period of BAYER 25141 in male and female dogs. Un- 16 weeks. Unpublished report, University of published report, University of Chicago. Bayer Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1961. Summary in ref. AG,* 1964. Summary in ref. A74, pp. 300-301. A72, p. 117. 615. SOLLY, S. R. B. & HARRISON, D. L. I. Toxicity 627. DuBois, K. P. The absence of antidote activity to sheep and rats, residues in sheep, and by 2-PAM and TMB-4 against acute poisoning persistence on pasture. New Zealand J. agric. by Bayer 29493. Unpublished report, Univer- Res., 14: 66-78 (1971). sity of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1960. Summaries 616. BEGUM, A. Effect of diet on metabolisnm of in ref. A72, pp. 113, 114. fenthion in animals. Diss. Abstr., Sect. B, 28: 628. DuBois, K. P. Effects of repeated dermal 4165 (1968). application of Bayer 29493 on rats. Unpub- report, University of Chicago. Bayer 617. BRADY, U. E. JR & ARTHUR, B. W. Metabo- lished lism of 0-[4-(methylthio)-m- AG,* 1961. Summary in ref. A72, p. 116. 0,0-dimethyl oral of a tolyl] phosphorothioate by white rats. J. econ. 629. DuBois, K. P. Acute toxicity sample of Bayer 29493 to female rats. Unpublished Entomol., 54: 1232-1236 (1961). report, University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 618. DEAN, G. ET AL. Poisoning by an organophos- 1962. Summary in ref. A72, p. 115. phorus compound. A case report. S. Afr. med. 630. DuBois, K. P. Comparison of the acute oral J., 1017-1019 (1967). toxicity of Bayer 29493 and Sumithion to mice. 619. DIECKMANN, W. Neurotoxizitatsuntersu- Unpublished report, University of Chicago. chungen an Huhnern-Histopathologie. Un- Bayer AG,* 1968. Summary in ref. A72, published report, Institute for Toxicology, p. 115. Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1971. Sum- 631. DuBois, K. P. & DOULL, J. The acute toxicity mary in ref. A72, p. 114. of Bayer 29493 to chickens and ducks. Unpub- 620. DILLEY, J. & DOULL, J. Chronic inhalation lished report, University of Chicago. Bayer toxicity of Bayer 29493 to rats and mice. AG,* 1960. Summary in ref. A72, p. 115. Unpublished report, University of Chicago. 632. DuBois, K. P. & KINOSHITA, F. Acute toxicity Bayer AG,* 1961. Summary in ref. A72, and anticholinesterase action of O,0-dimethyl p. 116. 0-4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl phosphorothioate 621. DILLEY, J. & DOULL, J. Acute inhalation toxi- (DMTP; Baytex) and related compounds. city of Bayer 29493 to rats and mice. Unpub- Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 6: 86-95 (1964). lished report, University of Chicago. Bayer 633. DuBois, K. P. & PUCHALA, E. Influence of AG,* 1961. Summary in ref. A72, p. 116. Bayer 29493 on the cholinesterase activity of 622. DOULL, J. ET AL. Determination of the safe the blood of rats. Unpublished report, Univer- dietary level for Bayer 29493 for dogs. Unpub- sity of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1960. Summary in lished report, University of Chicago. Bayer ref. A72, p. 117. AG,* 1961. Summary in ref. A72, p. 118. 634. ELLIoTr, R. & BARNES, J. M. Organophospho- 623. DOULL, J. ET AL. Effect of adding Bayer 29493 rus insecticides for the control of mosquitos in in combination with other cholinergic insecti- Nigeria. Bull. World Health Organ., 28: 35-54 cides to the diet of male and female dogs. (1963). Unpublished report, University of Chicago. 635. FRANCIS, J. I. & BARNES, J. M. Studies on the Bayer AG,* 1962. Summary in ref. A72, mammalian toxicity of fenthion. Bull. World p. 114. Health Organ., 29: 205-212 (1963). 42 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

636. HAHN, H. L. & HENSCHLER, D. The ability of SPICER, E. J. F. Pathology report of Bay 29493. phosphorylated cholinesterases to be reac- Generation study in rats. Unpublished report, tivated by obidoxime chloride (Toxogonin) in Huntington Research Centre. Bayer AG,* vivo. Arch. Toxikol., 24: 147-163 (1969). 1971. Summary in ref. A72, p. 114. 637. KEITH, J. 0. & MULLA, M. S. Relative toxicity 648. McGRATH, H. B. Toxicity of Bayer 29493 in of five organophosphorus mosquito larvicides calves. Unpublished report, Bayer AG,* 1969. to mallard ducks. J. Wildlife Manage., 30: 553- Summary in ref. A72, p. 115. 563 (1966). 649. NELSON, D. L. The acute oral toxicity of three 638. KiMMERLE, G. Re: active substance S1752. phenolic compounds to adult female rats. Unpublished report, Institute for Toxicology, Unpublished report, Bayer AG,* 1967. Sum- Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1960. Sum- mary in ref. A72, p. 113. mary in ref. A72 p. 116. 639. KIMMERLE, G. Subchronische oral Versuche 650. PICKERING, E. N. Organic phosphate insecti- bei Ratten mit S-1752-Wirkstoff. Unpublished cide poisoning. Can. J. med. Technol., 28: 174- report, Institute for Toxicology, Wuppertal- 179 (1966). Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* Summary in ref. A72, 651. SHIMAMOTO, K. & HATTORI, K. Chronic feed- p. 117. ing of Baytex (O,O-dimethyl-O-(4-methylmer- 640. KIMMERLE, G. Product BH6 and S1752 poison- capto-3-methyl) phenyl-thiophosphate) in rats. ing. Unpublished report, Institute for Toxi- Acta med. Univ. Kioto, 40: 163-171 (1969). cology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 652. TAYLOR, A. Observations on human exposure 1963. Summary in ref. A72, p. 115. to the organophosphorus insecticide fenthion 641. KIMMERLE, G. Neurotoxic studies with Bayer in Nigeria. Bull. World Health Organ., 29: 213- 29493. Unpublished report, Institute for Toxi- 218 (1963). cology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 653. VON CLARMANN, M. & GELDMACHER-VON 1965. Summary in ref. A72, p. 114. MALLINCKRODT, M. A successfully treated case 642. KIMMERLE, G. Neurotoxische Untersuchungen of acute oral poisoning by fenthion and its mit S-1752-Werkstoff. Unpublished report, demonstration in the gastric contents and Institute for Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. urine. Arch. Toxikol., 22: 2-11 (1966). Bayer AG,* 1965. Summary in ref. A72, 654. [SANDOZ LTD.] Toxicity of Anthio to birds. p. 114. Unpublished report, Sandoz Ltd,* 1963. Sum- 643. KIMMERLE, G. Langdauernde Inhalationsver- mary in ref. A68, p. 150. mit dem suche bei Hunden Baytex-Werkstoff of Anthio. Un- (S-1752). Unpublished report, Institute for 655. [SANDOZ LTD.1 Neurotoxicity published report, Biological & Medical Divi- Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* in 1966. Summary in ref. A72, p. 116. sion. Sandoz Ltd,* 1964. Summary ref. 644. KIMMERLE, G. Abhangigkeit der akuten oralen A68, p. 150. Toxizitat bei Ratten vom Losungsmittel. Un- 656. [SANDOZ LTD.] Toxicity of Anthio to birds published report, Institute for Toxicology, (pheasant). Unpublished report, Sandoz Ltd,* Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1967. Sum- 1964. Summary in ref. A68, p. 151. mary in ref. A72, p. 116. 657. [Toxicology Research Unit, Carshalton] WHO 645. KIMMERLE, G. Potenzierung von DDVP und S- insecticide evaluation and testing programme. 1752. Unpublished report, Institute for Toxi- Stage I. Toxicity report OMS 968. Unpub- cology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* lished report, Toxicology Research Unit, 1967. Summary in ref. A72, p. 114. Carshalton,* 1965. Summaries in ref. A68, 646. KLIMMER, 0. R. Toxicological testing of Bayer pp. 149, 151. 29493. Unpublished report, University of 658. [SANDOZ LTD.] Formothion. Unpublished Bonn. Bayer AG,* 1963. Summaries in ref. report, Sandoz Ltd, 1968. Summary in ref. A72, pp. 115, 117. A68, p. 150. 647. L6SER, E. Generation Versuche an Ratten. 659. KLOTZSCHE, C. Formothion, ein neuer systemi- Unpublished report, Institute for Toxicology, scher Phosphorsaureester geringerer Giftigkeit. Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1969. Sum- Mitt. Lebensmittelunters. Hyg., 52: 340-349 mary in ref. A72, p. 114. (1961). PESTICIDES 43

660. KLOTZSCHE, C. Toxicological trials with the 672. FITZHUGH, 0. G. Problems related to the use systemic phosphoric acid ester formothion. Int. of pesticides. Can. med. Assoc. J., 94: 598-604 Arch. Gewerbepathol. Gewerbehyg., 22: 246-261 (1966). (1966). 673. FRAWLEY, J. P. ET AL. Marked potentiation in 661. KLOTZSCHE, C. Formothion. An organo- mammalian toxicity from simultaneous admin- phosphorus insecticide. Report on residues in istration of two anticholinesterase compounds. plants. Unpublished report, Dep. of Medical & J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther., 121: 96-100 (1957). Biological Research-Dep. of Industrial 674. HAZLETON, L. W. & HOLLAND, E. G. Toxicity Hygiene. Sandoz Ltd,* 1969. Summary in ref. of malathion. Summary of mammalian investi- A68, p. 149. gations. Arch. ind. Hyg., 8: 399-405 (1953). 662. KLOTZSCHE, C. Formothion. Report on animal 675. HEATH, D. F. Organophosphorus poisons: toxicology. Unpublished report, Dep. of Medi- anticholinesterases and related compounds. cal & Biological Research-Dep. of Industrial Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1961, 403 pp. Hygiene. Sandoz Ltd,* 1969. Summaries in ref. 676. KALOW, W. & MARTON, A. Second-generation A68, pp. 149, 150, 151, 151-152. toxicity of malathion to rats. Nature, 192: 464- 663. KLOTZSCHE, C. & CARPY, S. Formotion, two- 465 (1961). year feeding study in rats and dogs. Unpub- 677. Lu, F. C. ET AL. Toxicity of pesticides in young lished report, Dep. of Medical & Biological versus adult rats. Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 3: Research-Dep. of Industrial Hygiene. Sandoz 591-596 (1965). Ltd,* 1973. Summaries in ref. 282- A76, pp. 678. MARCH, R. B. ET AL. Fate of P32-labeled 283. malathion in the laying hen, white mouse and 664. KLOTZSCHE, C. & RUTTIMAN, G. Subacute American cockroach. J. econ. Entomol., 49: dermal toxicity of Anthio (containing 24% of 183-195 (1956). formothion as active ingredient). Unpublished report, Dep. of Medical & Biological Re- 679. MOELLER, H. C. & RIDER, J. A. Plasma and search-Dep. of Industrial Hygiene. Sandoz red blood cell cholinesterase activity as indica- Ltd,* 1965. Summary in ref. A68, p. 152. tion of the threshold of incipient toxicity of ethyl-p-nitrophenyl thionobenzenephospho- 665. VOROB'YEVA, N. M. & LAPCHENKO, V. S. nate and in human [Toxicological characteristics of the new pesti- (EPN) malathion beings. cide Anthio.] Farmakol. Toksikol., 6: 104-107 Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 4: 123-130 (1962). (1973) (in Russian). 680. MURPHY, S. D. (1966) Response of adaptive 666. ZEHNDER, K. Personal communication of the rat liver enzymes to acute poisoning by orga- author to C. Klotzsche, 1961 (cited in ref. 659). nophosphate insecticides. Toxicol. appl. Phar- 667. [AMERICAN CYANAMID Co.] Report on mala- macol., 8: 348 (1966). thion. Unpublished report, American Cyana- 681. O'BRIEN, R. D. Properties and metabolism in mid Co.,* 1955. Summaries in ref. A59, the cockroach and mouse of malathion and pp. 134, 139-140; A62, pp. 174, 175, 176-177. malaoxon. J. econ. Entomol., 50: 159-164 668. [AMERICAN CYANAMID CO.] Malathion phar- (1957). macology and toxicology. Unpublished report, 682. O'BRIEN, R. D. Toxic phosphorus esters: American Cyanamid Co.,* 1960. Summary in chemistry, metabolism and biological effects. ref. A59, p. 138; A62, p. 176. New York, Academic Press, 1960, 434 pp. 669. BENES, V. & CERNA, V. [Contribution to the 683. O'BRIEN, R. D. ET AL. Metabolism of orally problem of dipterex residues.] Czech. Hyg., 10: administered malathion by a lactating cow. 209-212 (1963) (in Czech). J. agric. Food Chem., 9: 34-42 (1961). 670. BENE', V. & 1ERNA, V. Plant protection from 684. RIDER, J. A. ET AL. A study of the anticholi- the standpoint of pesticide residues in CSSR, nesterase properties of EPN and malathion in In: Abstracts of papers, VII International human volunteers. Clin. Res., 7: 81-82 (1959). Congress of Nutrition, Hamburg, 1966, p. 102. 685. WITTER, R. F. & GAINES, T. B. Rate of 671. BENE§, V. ET AL. [Antibody responses to vac- formation in vivo of the unreactivable form of cination with B. pertussis in mice after Fosfo- brain cholinsterase in chickens given DDVP or thion intoxication.] Czech. Hyg., 8: 3-6 (1963) malathion. Biochem. Pharmacol., 12: 1421- (in Czech). 1427 (1963). 44 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

686. AEPPLI, L. Akute Toxizitat, Ratte per os, 698. ESSER, H. 0. & MOLLER, P. W. Metabolism of A 2039 E (= 40 WP). Unpublished report, GS 13 005, a new insecticide. Experienta, 22: Geigy AG. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1969. Summary 36-41 (1966). in ref. A74, p. 334. 699. FABIAN, R. J. ET AL. Two year safety evalua- 687. AEPPLI, L. Akute Toxizitat, Ratte per os, tion study of GS 13 005 in Rhesus monkeys. A 3628 (= 40 WP). Unpublished report, Geigy Unpublished report, Albany Medical College, AG. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1969. Summary in ref. NY, USA. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1971. Summary A74, p. 334. in ref. A74, p. 337. 688. AEPPLI, L. Akute Toxizitat, Ratte per os, 700. JOHNSTON, C. D. Safety evaluation by two-year A 3628 blaugefarbt. Unpublished report, feeding studies in rats and dogs with GS Geigy AG. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1970. Summary 13 005. Unpublished report, Woodard Re- in ref. A74, p. 334. search Corp. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1967. Summa- 689. AEPPLI, L. Akute Toxizitat, Ratte per os, ries in ref. A74, pp. 336-337, 338-339. A 3389 C (= 40 ES). Unpublished report, 701. JOHNSTON, C. D. & CRONIN, M. T. 1. Demyeli- Geigy AG. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1970. Summary nation study in the chicken with GS 13 005. in ref. A74, p. 334. Unpublished report, Woodard Research Corp. 690. BULL, D. L. Metabolism of O,O-dimethyl- Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1965. Summary in ref. A74, phosphorodithioate-s-ester with 4-(mercapto- p. 332. methyl)-2-methoxy- 12-1,3,4-thiadiazolin-5 one (Geigy GS 13 005) in plants and animals- 702. JOHNSTON, C. D. & Scorr, W. J. Potentiation J. agric. Food Chem., 16: 610-616 (1968). studies with GS 13 005 25 W and other orga- nophosphate insecticides in the rat. Unpub- 691. CAS3IDY, J. E. ET AL. Fate of S-[(2-methoxy-5- lished report, Woodard Research Corp. Ciba- oxo-A2-1,3,4-thiadiazolin-4-yl)methyl] 0,0- Geigy Ltd,* 1965. Summary in ref. A74, dimethylphosphorodithioate (Supracide) in a p. 332. lactating cow. J. agric. Food Chem., 17: 571- 575 (1969). 703. KAHRS, R. A. & MArrSON, A. M. Residues 692. COULSTON, F. A Subchronic diet study. Un- found in eggs and tissues of chickens fed three published report, Albany Medical College, levels of GS 13 005 in their diet for four weeks. NY, USA. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1968. Summary Unpublished report, Corporate Analytical in ref. A74, p. 330. Dep., Geigy Chemical Corp., NY, USA. Ciba- Geigy Ltd,* 1969. Summary in ref. A74, 693. COULSTON, F. Preliminary report on the two- p. 329. year safety evaluation study of GS 13 005 in Rhesus monkeys. Unpublished report, Albany 704. LOBDELL, B. J. ET AL. Three generation repro- Medical College, NY, USA. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* duction study in the rat with GS 13 005. 1969. Summary in ref. A74, p. 337. Unpublished report, Woodard Research Corp. 694. COULSTON, F. Effects on man of small daily Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1966. Summary in ref. A74, doses of GS 13 005. Unpublished report, p. 333. Albany Medical College, NY, USA. Ciba- 705. MASTRI, C. & KEPLINGER, M. L. Acute toxicity Geigy Ltd,* 1970. Summary in ref. A74, studies on GS 13 005 2 E. Unpublished report, pp. 339-340. Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 695. Dupuis, G. ET AL. The metabolic behaviour of 1969. Summary in ref. A74, p. 334. the insecticidal phosphorus ester GS 13 005. 706. MURCHISON, T. E. Observations on toxic J. econ. Entomol., 64: 588-597 (1971). effects of GS 13 005 in sheep. Unpublished 696. ESSER, H. 0. ET AL. Metabolismus des Insekti- report, Dawson Research Corp., Orlando, FL, zides GS 13 005. In: [Abstracts of the] 6. In- USA. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1969. Summary in ref. ternationale Pflanzenschutzkongress, Wien, A74, p. 338. 1967, Abstracta B III, 1-13, p. 199. 707. NOAKES, D. N. The toxicology of GS 13 005 697. ESSER, H. 0. ET AL. Der Abbau des Insekti- and GS 12 968. Tests for delayed neurotoxic zides GS 13 005 in der Ratte. Strukturauf- effects in the hen. Unpublished report, Fisons klarung der wichtigsten Metaboliten. Helv. Pest Control Ltd. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1964. chim. Acta, 51: 513-517 (1969). Summary in ref. A74, p. 332. PESTICIDES 45

708. NOAKES, D. N. & SANDERSON, D. M. Toxicolo- 718. SERRONE, D. M. & FABIAN, R. J. 90-day gy of GS 12968 (NC2962) and GS 13005 feeding study in rats. Unpublished report, (NC 2964): Acute toxicity to the rat. Unpub- Albany Medical College, NY, USA. Ciba- lished report, Fisons Pest Control Ltd. Ciba- Geigy Ltd,* 1969. Summary in ref. A74, Geigy Ltd,* 1964. Summary in ref. A74, pp. 330-332. p. 334. 719. STENGER, E. G. Akute Toxizitat, Ratte per os, 709. NOAKES, D. N. & SANDERSON, D. M. The GS 13 005 40 WP. Unpublished report, Geigy toxicology of GS 13 005 and GS 12 968. Spe- AG. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1964. Summary in ref. cies variation in acute oral toxicity. Unpub- A74, p. 334. lished report, Fisons Pest Control Ltd. Ciba- 720. STENGER, E. G. Akute Toxizitat, Ratte per os, Geigy Ltd,* 1964. Summary in ref. A74, GS 13 005 40 ES. Unpublished report, Geigy p. 334. AG. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1964. Summary in ref. 710. NOAKES, D. N. & WATSON, W. A. The toxi- A74, p. 334. cology of GS 13 005 and GS 12 968. Dietary 721. STENGER, E. G. & ROULET, F. Subchronische toxicity to the rat: 6-month study. Unpub- Toxizitat, Ratte per os, GS 13 005 rein. Un- lished report, Fisons Pest Control Ltd. Ciba- published report, Geigy AG. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* Geigy Ltd,* 1964. Summaries in ref. A74, 1963. Summary in ref. A74, pp. 334, 335. pp. 333, 335. 722. STENGER, E. G. & ROULET, F. Chronische 711. PAYOT, H. P. GS 13 005. Subchronische Toxi- Toxizitat Ratte, Fiitterungsversuche 4-22 zitat am Menschen (Einzel- und Selbstversuch) Wochen, GS 13 005. Unpublished report, (GS 13 005). Unpublished report, Geigy AG. Geigy AG. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1965. Summary Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1965. Summary in ref. A74, in ref. A74, p. 334. p. 339. 723. STENGER, E. G. & ROULET, F. Subchronische 712. POLAN, C. E. A Chronic feeding of Supracide Toxizitat, Ratte per os, GS 12 956. Unpub- to ruminating bull calves. B. Oral administra- lished report, Geigy AG. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* tion of Supracide to lactating cows. Unpub- 1965. Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 330, 335. lished report, Virginia Polytechnic Institute. 724. WATSON, D. F. & POLAN, C. E. Safety evalua- Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1968. Summary in ref. A74, tion by feeding to horses for two weeks with p. 338. GS 13 005. Unpublished report, Virginia Poly- 713. POLAN, C. E. & CHANDLER, R. T. Metabolism technic Institute. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1967. Sum- of '4C-carbonyl labelled Supracide by lactating mary in ref. A74, p. 338. cows. J. Dairy Sci., 54: 847-853 (1971). 725. WOODARD, M. W. ET AL. Preliminary safety 714. POLAN, C. E., ET AL. Chronic feeding of S-t(2- evaluation in monkeys with GS 13 005. Un- methoxy-5-oxo- J21,3,4-thiadiazolin-4-yl)me- published report, Woodard Research Corp. thyl] O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate (Su- Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1965. Summary in ref. A74, pracide) to ruminating bull calves. J. agric. p. 337. Food Chem., 17: 857-869 (1969). 726. [KETTERING LAB.] Untitled. Unpublished re- 715. POLAN, C. E. & LIBKE, K. G. Safety evaluation port, Kettering Lab., Cincinnati,* 1957. Sum- by oral administration to calves for 87 days mary in ref. A59, p. 149. with GS 13 005. Unpublished report, Virginia 727. [KETTERING LAB.] Untitled. Unpublished re- Polytechnic Institute. Ciba-Geigy Ltd,* 1967. port, Kettering Lab., Cincinnati,* 1957. Sum- Summary in ref. A74, p. 338. mary in ref. A59, p. 148. 716. SACHSSE, K. Acute oral LD50 of technical GS 728. [KETTERING LAB.] Untitled. Unpublished re- 13 005 in the dog. Unpublished report, Ciba- port, Kettering Lab., Cincinnati,* 1957. Sum- Geigy Ltd,* 1971. Summary in ref. A74, mary in ref. A59, p. 149. p. 334. 729. [KETTERING LAB.] Untitled. Unpublished re- 717. SANDERSON, D. M. Toxicology of GS 12 968 port, Kettering Lab., Cincinnati,* 1961. Sum- (NC 2962) and GS 13 005 (NC 2964). Specific mary in ref. A59, p. 149. treatment of acute poisoning. Unpublished 730. CASIDA, J. E. Isomeric substituted-vinyl phos- report, Fisons Pest Control Ltd. Ciba-Geigy phates as systemic insecticides. Science, 122: Ltd,* 1964. Summary in ref. A74, p. 332. 597-598 (1955). 46 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

731. CASIDA, J. E. ET AL. Residual properties of the of the systemic insecticide O,O-dimethyl-1-car- systemic insecticide O,O-dimethyl 1-carbo- bomethoxy-1-propen-2-yl phosphate (Phos- methoxy-l-propen-2-yl-phosphate. J. agric. drin) in the pea plant. J. agric. Food Chem., 8: Food Chem., 4: 236-243 (1956). 293-295 (1960). 732. CASIDA, J. E. ET AL. Bovine metabolism of 743. WILSON, A. B. ET AL. Toxicity studies on the organophosphate insecticides. Subacute feed- organophosphorus insecticide Phosdrin: Two ing studies with O,O-dimethyl 1-carbome- year oral dosing experiments with dogs. Un- thoxy-1-propen-2-yl phosphate. J. agric. Food published report, Shell Research Ltd, Sitting- Chem., 6: 658-662 (1958). bourne. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary 733. CLEVELAND, F. P. & TREON, J. F. Response of in ref. A74, p. 390. experimental animals to Phosdrin insecticide in 744. [SHELL CHEMICAL Co.] Identification of " Un- their diets. J. agric. Food Chem., 9: 484-488 known 4 ". Unpublished report Shell Develop- (1961). ment Co. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1962. Summary 734. EsTp, C. L. ET AL. Three-generation reproduc- in ref. A74, p. 425. tion study on Phosdrin insecticide in rats. 745. BROWN, V. K. H. The efficacy of atropine and Unpublished report, Hill Top Research, Mia- oxime therapy as an antidote to poisoning by miville, OH, USA. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1967. SD 9129 in guinea pigs. Unpublished report, Summary in ref. A74, p. 388. Shell Research Ltd, Sittingbourne. Shell 735. HUTSON, D. H. ET AL. Phosphoric acid triester- Chemical Co.,* 1964. Summary in ref. A74, glutathione alkyl-transferase. Biochem. J. 127: p. 433 (referred as Hunter, 1964). 285-293 (1972). 746. BULL, D. L. & LINDQUIST, D. A. Metabol- 736. KODAMA, J. K. ET AL. Comparative toxicity of ism of 3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-crotonamide two vinyl substitutes phosphates. Arch. ind. dimethylphosphate by cotton plants, insects Hyg., 9: 45 (1954). and rats. J. agric. Food Chem., 12: 310-317 737. MORELLO, A. ET AL. Differential glutathione- (1964). dependant detoxification of two geometrical 747. BULL, D. L. & LINDQUIST, D. A. Metabolism vinyl organophosphorus (mevinphos) isomers. of 3-hydroxy-N-methyl-cis-crotonamide dime- Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun., 29: 241-245 thyl phosphate (Azodrin) by insects and rats. (1967). J. agric. Food Chem., 14: 105-109 (1967). 738. MORELLO, A. ET AL. Mechanism of detoxifica- 748. Dix, K. M. & WILSON, A. B. Toxicity studies tion of some organophosphorus compounds: on Azodrin: teratological studies in rabbits. the role of glutathione-dependant demethyla- Unpublished report, Shell Research Ltd, Sit- tion. Can. J. Biochem., 46: 885-892 (1968). tingbourne. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1972. Sum- 739. NATOFF, I. L. ET AL. An investigation of the mary in ref. A74, p. 431 (referred as Thorpe & potential neurotoxicity of technical Phosdrin. Dix, 1972). Unpublished report, Shell Research Ltd, Sit- 749. EISENLORD, G. & LOQUVAM, G. S. Results of tingbourne. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1972. Sum- short route reproduction study of rats fed diets mary in ref. A74, p. 388. containing SD 9129 insecticide over three 740. SIMPSON, B. J. ET AL. Toxicity studies on the generations. Unpublished report, Hine Labs, organophosphorus insecticide Phosdrin. Un- San Francisco. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1965. published report, Shell Research Ltd, Sitting- Summary in ref. A74, p. 431. bourne. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1971. Summary 750. EISENLORD, G. & LOQUVAM, G. S. Results of in ref. A74, p. 391. long route reproduction study of rats fed diets 741. SIMPSON, B. J. ET AL. Toxicity studies on the containing SD 9129 insecticide over three organophosphorus insecticide Phosdrin; acute, generations. Unpublished report, Hine Labs, subacute and 13-week oral experiments with San Francisco. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1966. rats; comparison of the effects of cis-mevin- Summary in ref. A74, p. 431. phos, trans-mevinphos and technical Phosdrin. 751. JOHNSTON, C. D. ET AL. Azodrin safety evalu- Unpublished report, Shell Research Ltd, Sit- ation by a chronic feeding study in the dog for tingbourne. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1972. Sum- two years. Unpublished report, Woodard Re- maries in ref. A74, pp. 389-390. search Corp. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1967. Sum- 742. SPENCER, E. Y. & ROBINSON, J. R. Metabolism mary in ref. A74, p. 434. PESTICIDES 47

752. JOHNSTON, C. D. ET AL. Azodrin safety evalua- 763. SHELLENBERGER, T. E. & NEWELL, G. W. Sub- tion by a chronic feeding study in the rat for acute toxicity and cholinesterase study of Shell two years. Unpublished report, Woodard Re- compound SD 9129-rat and dog. Unpub- search Corp. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1967. Sum- lished report, Stanford Research Inst. Shell mary in ref. A74, p. 434. Chemical Co.,* 1964. Summary in ref. A74, 753. LINDQUIST, D. A. & BULL, D. L. Fate of 3- p. 433. hydroxy-N-methyl-cis-crotonamide dimethyl 764. AHARONI, A. H. & O'BRIEN, R. D. The inhibi- phosphate in cotton plants. J. agric. Food tion of acetylcholinesterases by anionic orga- Chem., 15: 267-272 (1967). nophosphorus compounds. Biochemistry, 7: 754. MENZER, R. L. & CASIDA, J. E. Nature of toxic 1538-1544 (1968). metabolites formed in mammals, insects, and 765. BECK, E. W. ET AL. Effects of feeding dime- plants from 3-(dimethoxy phosphinyloxy)-N,N- thoate, its oxygen analogue and dimethoate- dimethyl-cis-crotonamide and its N-methyl treated silage to cattle. J. econ. Entomol., 61: analog. J. agric. Food Chem., 13: 102-112 605-610 (1968). (1965). 766. BRADY, U. E. Jr & ARTHUR, B. W. Biological 755. POTTER, J. C. Cattle feeding studies with 33P- and chemical properties of dimethoate and labelled Azodrin. Unpublished report, Shell related derivatives. J. econ. Entomol., 56: 477- Development Co. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1965. 482 (1963). Summary in ref. A74, p. 425. 767. DAUTERMAN, W. C. ET AL. Bovine metabolism 756. REIFF, B. Pharmacological studies into the of organophosphorus insecticides. Metabolism toxic actions of cholinesterase inhibitors: and residues associated with oral administra- (a) The effect of antidotes on the subcutaneous tion of dimethoate to rats and three lactating toxicity of azodrin in the rat. Unpublished cows. J. agric. Food Chem., 7: 188-193 (1959). report, Shell Research Ltd, Sittingbourne. 768. HASSAN, A. ET AL. Metabolism of organophos- Shell Chemical Co.,* 1969. Summaries in ref. phorus insecticides. XI. Metabolic fate of A74, pp. 425-427, 432, 433. dimethoate in the rat. Biochem. Pharmacol., 757. SHELLENBERGER, T. E. Potentiation studies- 18: 2429-2438 (1969). rats. Unpublished report, Stanford Research 769. HUTCHINSON, E. B. ET AL. Report on oxygen Inst. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1965. Summary in analogue of Cygon-dimethoate: 90-day re- ref. A74, p. 430. peated feeding to dogs (CL-28580). Unpub- 758. SHELLENBERGER, T. E. Demyelination study- lished report, American Cyanamid Co.,* 1968. hens. Unpublished report, Stanford Research Summary in ref. A72, p. 158. Inst. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1965. Summary in 770. KIMMERLE, G. Toxicological studies on active ref. A74, p. 430. ingredient Dr Schrader S6876. Unpublished 759. SHELLENBERGER, T. E. Acute toxicity of Azo- report, Institute for Toxicology, Wuppertal- drin and metabolites. Unpublished report, Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1962. Summaries in ref. Stanford Research Inst. Shell Chemical Co.,* A72, pp. 154, 155. 1966. Summary in ref. A74, p. 428. 771. KIMMERLE, G. S 6876 P-O-dimethoate (Bayer 760. SHELLENBERGER, T. E. Cholinesterase inhibi- 45432; LO-NR 1 13a-1). Unpublished report, tion and toxicological evaluations of two orga- Institute for Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. nophosphate pesticides in Japanese quail. Bayer AG,* 1966. Summary in ref. A72, p. 156. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 8: 22-28 (1966). 772. KIMMERLE, G. Bayer 45432-toxikologische 761. SHELLENBERGER, T. E. Subacute toxicity and Untersuchungen. Unpublished report, Insti- cholinesterase study of Shell compounds SD tute for Toxicojogy, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. 13311 in rats. Unpublished report, Stanford Bayer AG,* 1968. Summary in ref. A72, Research Inst. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1966. p. 156. Summary in ref. A74, p. 427 (referred as Shell 773. KIMMERLE, G. Omethoate und dimethoate. Chemical Co., 1966). Vergleichende toxikologische Untersuchungen 762. SHELLENBERGER, T. E. & NEWELL, G. W. bei Rattengenerationsversuch bei Ratten mit Acute oral toxicity. Unpublished report, Stan- omethoate. Unpublished report, Institute for ford Research Inst. Shell Chemical Co.,* 1963. Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* Summary in ref. A74, p. 432. 1969. Summary in ref. A72, pp. 155, 156, 158. 48 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

774. KIMMERLE, G. & LORKE, D. S 6876 (LO-No. 784. BAR, F. Unpublished report, Max von Petten- 274). Antidotal effect and potentiation. Un- koler Institute, Berlin,* 1963. published report, Institute for Toxicology, 785. DOULL, J. Unpublished report, University of Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1967. Sum- Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1973. Summary in ref. mary in ref. A72, p. 155. A76, p. 216. 775. LEVINSKAS, G. J. & SHAFFER, C. B. Oxy- 786. DOULL, J. ET AL. Subacute oral toxicity of carboxy dimethoate: thirty-three day repeated Metasystox-R to rats. Unpublished report, feeding to rats. Unpublished report, American University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1962. Sum- Cyanamid Co.,* 1965. Summary in ref. A72, mary in ref. A76, p. 208. p. 154. 787. DuBois, K. P. The dermal toxicity of Meta- 776. LEVINSKAS, G. J. & SHAFFER, C. B. Oxygen Systox R and Meta-Systox I to rats. Unpub- analogue of dimethoate: demyelination studies lished report, Bayer AG,* 1960. Summary in in white leghorn hens. Unpublished report, ref. A76, p. 201. American Cyanamid Co.,* 1965. Summary in 788. DuBois, K. P. The acute toxicity of Meta- ref. A72, p. 155. Systox R in combination with other anticho- 777. L6SER, E. & LORKE, D. Bayer 45432-Sub- linesterase agents. Unpublished report, Uni- chronische toxikologische Untersuchungen an versity of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1961. Sum- Ratten. Unpublished report, Institute for Toxi- mary in ref. A76, p. 204. cology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 789. DuBois, K. P. Effect of repeated daily dermal 1967. Summary in ref. A72, p. 157. application of Meta-Systox R to rats. Unpub- 778. LOSER, E. Bayer 45432-Subakute toxikolo- lished report, University of Chicago. Bayer gische Untersuchungen an Ratten. Unpub- AG,* 1962. Summary in ref. A76, p. 203. lished report, Institute for Toxicology, Wup- 790. DuBois, K. P. Acute oral toxicity of Meta- pertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1968. Summary Systox R to chickens. Unpublished report, in ref. A72, p. 157. University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1962. Sum- mary in ref. A76, p. 201. VINCE, A. A. & SPICER, E. J. F. Pathology 791. report of Bay 45432-subchronic toxicity in DuBois, K. P. ET AL. Subacute dermal toxicity rats. Unpublished report, Huntingdon Re- of a Meta-Systox R formulation to rats. Un- rearch Centre. Bayer AG,* 1971. Summary in published report, University of Chicago. Bayer ref. A72, p. 158. AG,* 1966. Summary in ref. A76, p. 203. 792. HARTKE, K. ET AL. Two-year chronic oral 779. LUCIER, G. W. & MENZER, R. E. Metabolism toxicity with of dimethoate in bean plants in relation to its study Meta-Systox R in beagle mode of application. J. agric. Food Chem., 16: dogs. Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test 936-945 Laboratories. Bayer AG,* 1973. Summary in (1968). ref. A76, pp. 215-216. 780. LUCIER, G. W. & MENZER, R. E. Nature of 793. HIBBS, C. M. & NELSON, D. L. Histologic oxidative metabolites of dimethoate formed in evaluation of Meta-Systox R treated rats. rats, liver microsomes, and bean plants. J. Unpublished report, Chemagro Corp. Bayer agric. Food Chem., 18: 698-704 (1970). AG,* 1967. Summary in ref. A76, p. 209. 781. MENZER, R. E. & BEST, N. H. Effect of 794. KIMMERLE, G. Protective action of PAM phenobarbital on the toxicity of several orga- against R 2170 poisoning and neurotoxic effect nophosphorus insecticides. Toxicol. appl. Phar- of R 2170. Unpublished report, Institute for macol., 13: 37-42 (1968). Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 782. MORIKAWA, 0. & SAITO, T. Degradations of 1961. Summary in ref. A76, p. 203. vamidothion and dimethoate in plants, insects, 795. KIMMERLE, G. & LORKE, D. Toxicology of and mammals. Botyu-Kagaku, 31: 130-136 insecticidal organophosphates. Pflanzenschutz- (1966). Nachr. Bayer, 21: 111-142 (1968). 783. SANTI, R. & DE PIETRI-TONELLI, P. Ricerche sul 796. KLIMMER, 0. R. Opinion on the toxicity of the meccanismo d'azione della N-monometilam- substance ' R 2170 ' of Farbenfabriken Bayer mide dell'acido O,O-dimetilditiofosforilace- A.G. Unpublished report, Pharm. Institut der tico. Contrib. Ist. Ric. Agr. Soc. Montecatini, Universitiit Bonn. Bayer AG,* 1960. Summary 3: 3-29 (1960). in ref. A76, p. 198. PESTICIDES

797. KLOTZSCHE, C. Zur toxikologischen Prufung published report, University of Chicago. Bayer neuer insecticider Phosphorsaureester. Int. AG,* 1968. Summary in ref. A76, p. 209. Arch. Gewerbepath. Gewerbehyg., 21: 92-106 809. TAYLOR, R. E. Meta-Systox-R. Three genera- (1964). tion rat breeding studies. Unpublished report, 798. LADD, R. ET AL. Teratogenic study with Meta- Harris Labs. Chemagro Corp.,* 1966. Summa- Systox R 50% technical in albino rabbits. ries in ref. A64, p. 213; A76, p. 205. Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labo- 810. VANDEKAR, M. The toxic properties of deme- ratories. Chemagro Corp.,* 1971. Summary in ton-methyl (metasystox) and some related ref. A76, p. 205. compounds. Br. J. ind. Med., 15: 158-167 799. NIESSEN, H. ET AL. Ober Vorkommen von (1958). Sulfoniumverbindungen in Metasystox (i) und 811. VINCE, A. A. & SPICER, J. F. Pathology report Metasystox R und ihre physiologische Wir- on R 2170 (Metasystox-R active substance) kung. Arch. Toxicol., 20: 44-60 (1963). sub-chronic toxicological studies in rats. Un- 800. REYNA, N. F. ET AL. 22 Month chronic oral published report, Huntingdon Research toxicity study with Metasystox-R in albino Centre. Bayer AG,* 1971. Summary in ref. rats. Unpublished report, Industrial Biotest A76, pp. 209-210. Laboratories. Bayer AG,* 1973. Summary in 812. WREN, W. B. Microscopic findings in the ref. A76, pp. 213-216. tissues of male and female dogs administered 801. ROOT, M. Addendum to subacute oral toxicity Metasystox-R orally (subacute toxicity) 150, of Metasystox-R to male and female dogs. ppm. Unpublished report, Bayer AG,* 1970. Unpublished report, University of Chicago. Summary in ref. A76, p. 212. Bayer AG,* 1969. Summary in ref. A76, 813. WREN, W. B. ET AL. Subacute dermal toxicity p. 211. of the Metasystox-R formulation to rats, his- 802. ROOT, M. ET AL. Determination of the safe tologic evaluation of Metasystox-R treated dietary level for Metasystox-R in dogs. Un- rats. Unpublished report, Chemagro Corp published report, University of Chicago. Bayer Bayer AG,* 1968. Summary in ref. A76, AG,* 1963. Summary in ref. A59, p. 74; A64, p. 204. p. 213; A76, pp. 210-211. 814. WREN, D. B. & NELSON, D. L. Histologic 803. ROOT, M. S. & DOULL, J. Comparative sub- evaluation of Metasystox-R treated rats. Un- acute oral toxicity of some organic phosphates published report, Chemagro Corp. Bayer in rats and dogs. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 8: AG,* 1969. Summary in ref. A76, p. 209. 351 (1966). 815. ALDRIDGE, W. N. & DAVISON, A. N. The 804. ROOT, M. & MESKAUSKAS, J. Addendum to a inhibition of erythrocyte cholinesterase by tri- report on subacute oral toxicity of Metasystox- esters of phosphoric acid, 2. Diethyl p-nitro- R to male and female rats. Unpublished re- phenyl thionophosphate (E605) and analogues. port, University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1968. Biochem. J., 52: 663-671 (1952). Summary in ref. A76, p. 209. 816. [AMERICAN CYANAMID Co.] Report on para- 805. ROOT, M. ET AL. Subacute oral toxicity of thion. Unpublished report, Central Medical Metasystox-R to male and female dogs. Un- Dep. of Cyanamid. American Cyanamid Co.,* published report, University of Chicago. Bayer 1955. Summary in ref. A59, p. 154. AG,* 1970. Summary in ref. A76, p. 211-212. 817. BARNES, J. M. & DENZ, F. A. The chronic 806. ROOT, M. ET AL. Subacute oral toxicity of toxicity of p-nitrophenyl-diethylthiophosphate Metasystox-R male and female rats. Unput- (E-605). A long-term feeding experiment with lished report, University of Chicago. Bayer rats. J. Hyg., 49: 430-441 (1951). AG,* 1967. Summary in ref. A76, p. 209. 818. DEICHMANN, W. B. ET AL. Effects of dimethyt 807. ROOT, M. ET AL. Subacute oral toxicity of and diethyl p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate on Metasystox-R to male and female dogs. Un- experimental animals. Arch. ind. Hyg., 5: 44-51 published report, University of Chicago. Bayer (1952). AG,* 1967. Summary in ref. A76, p. 211. 819. DuBois, K. P. & COON, J. M. Toxicology of 808. ROOT, M. ET AL. Subacute oral toxicity of organic phosphorus-containing insecticides to Metasystox-R to male and female rats. Un- mammals. Arch. ind. Hyg., 6: 9-13 (1952). 50 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

820. DuBois, K. P. ET AL. Studies on the toxicity 833. NEAL, R. A. Studies on the metabolism of and mechanism of action of p-nitrophenyl diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate diethyl thionophosphate (parathion). J. Phar- (parathion) in vitro. Biochem. J., 103: 183-191 macol. exp. Ther., 95: 79-91 (1949). (1967). 821. EDSON, E. F. In: Proceedings of the Fourth 834. RIDER, J. A. et al. The effect of parathion on International Congress of Crop Protection, human red blood cells and plasma cholineste- Hamburg, 1957, p. 1625. rase. Arch. ind. Hyg., 18: 442-445 (1958). 822. EDSON, E. F. Summary of toxicological data. 835. WILLIAMS, M. W. ET AL. Parathion-induced No-effect levels of three organophosphates in changes in the serum proteins of the dog. J. the rat, pig and man. Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 2: Pharmacol. exp. Ther., 122 (1): 83A-84A 311-316 (1964). (1958). 823. ENGBAEK, L. & JENSEN, 0. S. Toxic and choli- 836. AUGUSTINSSON, K. B. & JONSSON, G. Bio- nesterase inhibitory action of diethyl p-nitro- chemical evaluation of paper chromatograms phenyl thiophosphate (parathion). Acta phar- of parathion, its isomers and analogs. Acta macol. toxicol., 7: 189-200 (1951). chem. scand., 11: 275-282 (1957). 824. ERDMANN, W. D. & LENDLE, L. Vergiftungen 837. DAVISON, A. N. Return of cholinesterase activ- mit esteraseblockierenden Insekticiden aus der ity in the rat after inhibition by organophos- Gruppe der organischen Phosphorsiiureester phorus compounds. 2. A comparative study of (E 605 und Verwandte). Ergeb. inn. Med. true and pseudo cholinesterase. Biochem. J., Kinderheilkd., 10: 104-184 (1960). 60: 339-346 (1955). 825. FRAWLEY, J. P. ET AL. A comparative pharma- 838. DAVISON, A. N. The conversion of Schradan cological and toxicological study of organic (OMPA) and parathion into inhibitors of cho- phosphates Anticholinesterase compounds. J. linesterase by mammalian liver. Biochem. J., Pharmacol. exp. Ther., 105: 156-165 (1952). 61: 203-209 (1955). 826. FREDERIKSSON, T. & BIGELOW, J. K. Tissue 839. FISH, S. A. Organophosphorus cholinesterase distribution of P32-labeled parathion. Arch. inhibitors and fetal development. Am. J. environ. Health, 2: 663-667 (1961). Obstet. Gynecol., 96: 1148-1154 (1966). 827. GARDOCKI, J. F. & HAZLETON, L. W. Urinary 840. GAR, K. A. ET AL. [Incorporation and excre- excretion of the metabolic products of para- tion of dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl thiophosphate thion following its intravenous injection. J. in guinea pigs.] Org. Insektofungitsidy i Gerbit- Amer. pharm. Ass., 40: 491-494 (1951). sidy, pp. 93-105 (1958) (in Russian) (Chem. 828. HAZLETON, L. W. & HOLLAND, E. G. Pharma- Abstr., 54: 15688e, 1960). cology and toxicology of parathion. Adv. 841. HAGAN, E. C. Personal communication, 1958. Chem., 1: 31 (1950). Cited in Williams, M. W. ET AL. Toxicol. 829. KLIMMER, 0. R. & PFAFF, W. Vergleichende appl. Pharmacol., 1: 1-7 (1959). Untersuchungen uber die Toxizitiit organischer 842. HAZLETON, L. W. Review of current knowledge Thiophosphorsaureester. Arzneimittel-Forsch., of toxicity of cholinesterase inhibitor insecti- 5: 626-630 (1955). cides. J. agric. Food Chem., 3: 312-319 (1955). 830. LEHMAN, A. J. Chemicals in food. Part II. 843. IKEDA, Y. Report to the Japan Academy of Pesticides. Section III. Subacute and chronic Sciences, 1962. toxicity. Q. Bull. Assoc. Food Drug Off. U.S., 844. LE BRETON, R. ET AL. Intoxication maternofoe- 16: 47 (1952). tale aigue par derive organophosphore. Ann. 831. LOBDELL, B. J. ET AL. Parathion: three-genera- Med. lIg., 43: 258-261 (1963). tion reproduction study in the rat. Unpub- 845. LOBDELL, B. J. ET AL. Methyl-parathion: three- lished report, Woodard Research Corp. Mon- generation reproduction studies in the rat. santo, Stauffer & Shell Chemical Companies,* Unpublished report, Woodard Research Corp. 1966. Summary in ref. A64, p. 216 (referred as Monsanto, Stauffer & Shell Chemical Com- Johnson, 1966). panies,* 1966. Summary in ref. A66, p. 244 832. NATOFF, I. L. Influence of the route of admin- (referred as Woodard Research Corp., 1966). istration on the toxicity of some cholinesterase 846. METCALF, R. L. Organic insecticides: their inhibitors. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 19: 612-616 chemistry and mode of action. New York, (1957). Interscience Publishers, 1955, p. 392. PESTICIDES 51

847. MOELLER, H. C. & RIDER, J. A. Studies on the 858. DONOSO, J. ET AL. Phosalone-safety evalua- anticholinesterase effect of parathion and tion by repeated administration to dogs for 107 methyl parathion in humans. Fed. Proc., 20: weeks. Unpublished report, Woodard Re- 434 (1961). search Corp. Chipman Chemical Co., through 848. MOELLER, H. C. & RIDER, J. A. Threshold of Societe des Usines Chimiques, Rh6ne-Pou- incipient toxicity to Systox and methyl para- lenc,* 1967. Summary in ref. A74, pp. 498-499. thion. Fed. Proc., 21: 451 (1962). 859. FOURNEL, J. ET AL. Acute toxicity in mice and 849. OGI, D. & HAMADA, A. Case reports on fetal rats and in vivo anticholinesterase activity in deaths and malformations of extremities prob- rats. Unpublished report, Laboratoires de ably related to the insecticide poisoning. J. Recherches de la Societe des Usines Chi- Jpn. obstet. gynecol. Soc., 17: 569 (1965). miques, Rhone-Poulenc,* 1968. Summary in 850. TANIMURA, T. ET AL. Embryotoxicity of acute ref. A74, p. 497. exposure to methyl parathion in rats and mice. 860. HEATH, S. A. B. ET AL. Test for neurotoxicity. Arch. environ. Health, :15 609-613 (1967). Unpublished report, May and Baker Ltd. 851. WILLS, H. Private communication to F. Coul- Societe des Usines Chimiques, Rhone-Pou- ston, Albany Medical College, NY. F. Coul- lenc,* 1967. Summary in ref. A74, pp. 495-496. ston, 1968. Summary in ref. A66, p. 243. 861. HORN, J. H. ET AL. Phosalone (R.P. 11 974) 852. [SOCItTE DES USINES CHIMIQUES.] Oxygen acute dermal toxicity for rabbits. Unpublished analogue of phosalone. Acute oral toxicity and report, Woodard Research Corp. Chipman anticholinesterase activity in vitro. Unpub- Chemical Co., through Societe des Usines Chi- lished report, Laboratoires de Recherches de la miques, Rhone-Poulenc,* 1965. Summary in Societe des Usines Chimiques, Rhone-Pou- ref. A74, p. 497. lenc,* 1968. Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 394, 395. 862. JONES, M. E. ET AL. Phosalone followed by a 853. [SOCIETE' DES USINES CHIMIQUES.] The final determination of potentiation activity with the metabolite of phosalone in plants. Synthesis, compound Disyston. Unpublished report, identification, toxicity, possible presence in Woodard Research Corp. Chipman Chemical plants. Unpublished report, Laboratoires de Co., through Societe des Usines Chimiques, Recherches de la Societe des Usines Chi- Rhone-Poulenc,* 1967. Summary in ref. A74, iques, Rh6ne-Poulenc,* 1968. Summary in ref. p. 499. A74, pp. 494-495. 863. JONES, M. E. ET AL. Three generation repro- 854. BELILES, R. P. Phosalone (R.P. 11 974)-Safety duction study in the rat. Unpublished report, evaluation by acute inhalation exposure of Woodard Research Corp. Chipman Chemical rats. Unpublished report, Woodard Research Co., through Societe des Usines Chimiques, Corp. Chipman Chemical Co., through Societe Rh6ne-Poulenc,* 1967. Summary in ref. A74, des Usines Chimiques, Rhone-Poulenc,* 1966. p. 496. Summary in ref. A74, p. 497. 864. JULOU, L. & PASQUET, J. Study of the terato- 855. COCKRELL, K. 0. ET AL. Phosalone R. P. genic activity of phosalone on chick embryo 11 974-Acute oral LD60 in dogs. Unpub- and rabbit. Unpublished report, Laboratoires lished report, Woodard Research Corp. Chip- de Recherches de la Societe des Usines Chi- man Chemical Co., through Societe des Usines miques, Rh6ne-Poulenc,* 1969. Summary in Chimiques, Rhone-Poulenc,* 1965. Summary ref. A74, p. 496. in ref. A74, p. 497. 865. NOEL, P. R. B. ET AL. Phosalone dietary intake 856. DESMORAS, J. ET AL. Etude de la vitesse de in beagle dogs for 4 weeks. Unpublished re- degradation de la phosalone dans le sol, les port, Huntingdon Research Centre. Societe des plantes et les animaux. Unpublished report, Usines Chimiques, Rhone-Poulenc,* 1970. Laboratoires de Recherches de la Societe des Summary in ref. A74, p. 499. Usines Chimiques, Rh6ne-Poulenc,* 1968. 866. RIvETT, K. F. & DAVIES, V. Effects of anti- Summary in ref. A74, p. 494. dotes against poisoning by phosalone. Unpub- 857. DESMORAS, J. ET AL. Pesticides of the benzoxa- lished report, May and Baker Ltd. Societe des zolone family. Phytiatr. Phytopharni., 12: 199- Usines Chimiques, Rhone-Poulenc,* 1966. 215 (1963). Summaries in ref. A74, pp. 497-498. 52 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

867. SCOTT, W. J. & BELILES, R. P. Acute oral 877. [CIBA LTD.) 90-day subacute oral toxicity of toxicity of phosalone (R.P. 11 974) formula- desethylphosphamidon-albino rat. Unpub- tion to rats. Unpublished report, Woodard ished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Ciba Research Corp. Chipman Chemical Co., Ltd,* 1964. Summary in ref. A66, p. 258 through Societe des Usines Chimiques, Rhone- (referred as Industrial Bio-Test Labs, 1964a). Poulenc,* 1965. Summary in ref. A74, p. 497. 878. [CIBA LTD.] 14-week subacute oral toxicity of 868. ScoTT, W. J. & BELILES, R. P. Potentiation desethylphosphamidon-beagle dogs. Unpub- studies in the rat with marketed pesticides lished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Ciba (phosalone). Unpublished report, Woodard Ltd,* 1964. Summary in ref. A66, p. 258 Research Corp. Chipman Chemical Co., (referred as Industrial Bio-Test Labs, 1964b). through Societe des Usines Chimiques, Rh6ne- 879. [CIBA LTD.] Investigations on the toxicological Poulenc,* 1965. Summary in ref. A74, p. 496. effects of repeated inhalation of preparation 869. WOODARD, M. W. ET AL. Demyelination study 12849 (phosphamidon) by rats over a period of in chickens. Unpublished report, Woodard six weeks. Unpublished report, Battelle Insti- Research Corp. Chipman Chemical Co., tute, Frankfurt am Main. Ciba Ltd,* 1965. through Societe des Usines Chimiques, Rh6ne- Summary in ref. A62, p. 234. Poulenc,* 1966. Summary in ref. A74, p. 495. 880. [CIBA LTD.] Unpublished data from Ciba Ltd submitted to the Codex Committee on Pesti- 870. WOODARD, M. W. ET AL. Subacute dermal cide Residues, 1968. Summaries in ref. A66, toxicity of phosalone for the rabbit. Unpub- pp. 256, 257. lished report, Woodard Research Corp. Chip- 881. CERVENKA, H. ET AL. Chronic oral toxicity man Chemical Co., through Societe des Usines study of phosphamidon. Unpublished report, Chimiques, Rhone-Poulenc,* 1966. Summary Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Ciba Ltd,* 1964. in ref. A74, p. 498. Summary in ref. A62, p. 235. 871. WOODARD, M. W. ET AL. Safety evaluation by 882. CLEMONS, G. P. & MENZER, R. E. Oxidative repeated oral administration to rats for 103 metabolism of phosphamidon in rats and a weeks. Unpublished report, Woodard Re- goat. J. agric. Food Chem., 16: 312-318 (1968). search Corp. Chipman Chemical Co., through 883. GITELSON, S. ET AL. Phosphamidon poisoning. Societe des Usines Chimiques, Rh6ne-Pou- Br. J. 22: 236-239 (1965). lenc,* 1967. Summary in ref. A74, p. 500. ind. Med., 884. JACQUES, R. & BEIN, H. J. Toxikologie und 872. WOODARD, M. W. ET AL. Phosalone, safety Pharmakologie eines neuen systemisch wirken- evaluation by oral administration to calves for den Insektizids der Phosphorsaueester-Reibe, 10 weeks. Unpublished report, Woodard Re- Phosphamidon (2-chlor-2-diathyl-carbamoyl- search Corp. Chipman Chemical Co. through 1-methylvinyldimethylphosphat). Arch. Toxi- Societe des Usines Chimiques, Rhone-Pou- kol., 18: 316-330 (1960). lenc,* 1967. Summary in ref. A74, p. 500. 885. KAY, J. H. & CALANDRA, J. C. 90-day subacute 873. ANLIKER, R. ET AL. O0ber die Synthese von oral toxicity of phosphamidon. Unpublished Phosphamidon und seinen Abbau in Pflanzen. report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Ciba Ltd,* Helv. chim. Acta., 44: 1622-1645 (1961). 1961. Summary in ref. A62, p. 234. 874. ANLIKER, R. & KUHL, E. Untitled. Unpub- 886. KAY, J. H. & CALANDRA, J. C. Comparative lished report, Ciba Ltd, 1964. Summary in ref. toxicity studies on phosphamidon and y-chlo- A62, p. 233 (referred as Ciba, 1964a). rophosphamidon. Unpublished report, Indus- 875. [MAY & BAKER LTD.] Phosphamidon. Unpub- trial Bio-Test Labs. Ciba Ltd,* 1964. Summary lished data to the Ministry of Health, UK, in ref. A62, p. 233. May & Baker Ltd,* 1959. Summaries in ref. 887. KENNEDY, G. ET AL. 3-generation reproduction A66, pp. 257, 258. study on a phosphamidon mixture. Unpub- 876. [CIBA LTD.] Investigations on the excretion of lished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Ciba phosphamidon by rats given single doses con- Ltd,* 1966. Summary in ref. A62, p. 234. taining C14-labelled phosphamidon. Unpub- 888. KLOTZSCHE, C. Neue Insektizide Phosphor- lished report, Ciba Ltd,* 1963. Summary in und Phosphorsaureester. Nachrichtenbl. dtsch. ref. A59, p. 169 (referred as Ciba, undated). Pflanzenschutzdienstes, 10: 60-63 (1958). PESTICIDES 53

889. KOHN, F. E. ET AL. 13-month chronic oral 900. CLAPP, M. J. & CONNING, D. M. Pirimiphos- toxicity of phosphamidon-albino rats. Un- methyl (PP51 1): ninety-day oral toxicity in rats. published report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Unpublished report, ICI Industrial Hygiene Re- Ciba Ltd,* 1964. Summary in ref. A62, p. 234. search Laboratories. Imperial Chemical Indus- 890. PALAZZOLO, R. J. ET AL. 90-day subacute oral tries Ltd,* 1970. Summary in ref. A78, p. 484. toxicity of phosphamidon (technical)-dogs. 901. CLARK, D. G. The toxicity of PP511 (0-(2- Unpublished report, Industrial Bio-Test Labs. diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl) 0,0- Ciba Ltd,* 1961. Summary in ref. A62, p. 235 dimethylphosphorothioate). Unpublished (referred as Kay & Calandra, 1961). report, ICI Industrial Hygiene Research Labo- 891. ROSE, J. A. A preliminary study of factors ratories. Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd,* influencing the toxicity of pure phosphamidon 1970. Summary in ref. A78, pp. 483-484. and technical phosphamidon. Unpublished 902. GAGE, J. C. Pirimiphos-methyl (PP51 1): Avian report, Ciba Ltd,* 1968. Summary in ref. A66, toxicity. Unpublished report, ICI Industrial p. 256. Hygiene Research Laboratories. Imperial 892. RoSE, J. A. Degradation of phosphamidon and Chemical Industries Ltd,* 1971. Summary in related vinyl phosphates by rabbit liver homo- ref. A78, p. 482. genates. Unpublished report, Ciba Ltd,* 1968. 903. GAGE, J. C. Pirimiphos-ethyl (PP21 1) and piri- Summary in ref. A66, p. 256. miphos-methyl (PP5 11): Acute and subacute 893. TRIPOD, J. & ANLIKER, R. Untitled. Unpub- oral toxicity in the rat of the plant metabolite, lished report, Ciba Ltd,* 1964. Summary in 2-diethyl-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimi- ref. A62, p. 233 (referred as Ciba, 1964b). dine (R46382). Unpublished report, ICI Indus- 894. Voss, G. Determination of y-chlorophospha- trial Hygiene Research Laboratories. Imperial midon in samples of technical phosphamidon Chemical Industries Ltd,* 1971. Summary in by an automated cholinesterase inhibition pro- ref. A78, p. 483. cedure. Unpublished report, Ciba Ltd,* 1967. 904. GAGE, J. C. Pirimiphos-methyl (PP511): oral Summary in ref. A66, p. 256. toxicity in the dog and in a passerine bird 895. BOWKER, D. M. ET AL. Pirimiphos-methyl species. Unpublished report, ICI Industrial (PP5 11): excretion by a goat. Unpublished Hygiene Research Laboratories. Imperial report, ICI Plant Protection Dep. Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd,* 1972. Summary in Chemical Industries Ltd,* 1973. Summary in ref. A78, p. 482. ref. A78, p. 476. 905. GORE, C. W. ET AL. Pirimiphos-methyl 896. BRATT, H. & DUDLEY, L. A. Pirimiphos- (PP511): teratogenic studies in the rabbit. methyl (PP511): excretion by rats and dogs. Unpublished report, ICI Central Toxicological Unpublished report, ICI Industrial Hygiene Re- Laboratory. Imperial Chemical Industries search Laboratories. Imperial Chemical Indus- Ltd,* 1974. Summary in ref. A78, pp. 480-481. tries Ltd,* 1970. Summary in ref. A78, p. 476. 906. GORE, C. W. ET AL. Pirimiphos-methyl 897. BRATT, H. & JONES, L. A. Pirimiphos-methyl (PP51 1): two year feeding study in the rat. (PP51 1): metabolism in rats and dogs. Unpub- Unpublished report, ICI Industrial Hygiene lished report, ICI Industrial Hygiene Research Research Laboratories. Imperial Chemical Laboratories. Imperial Chemical Industries Industries Ltd,* 1974. Summary in ref. A78, Ltd,* 1973. Summary in ref. A78, p. 477. pp. 487-488. 898. BULLOCK, D. J. W. ET AL. Pirimiphos-methyl: 907. GREEN, T. ET AL. Pirimiphos-methyl (PP51 1): residue transfer study with cows. Unpublished subacute oral residue studies in hens. Unpub- report, ICI Plant Protection Dep. Imperial lished report, ICI Industrial Hygiene Research Chemical Industries Ltd,* 1974. Summary in Laboratories. Imperial Chemical Industries ref. A78, p. 476. Ltd,* 1973. Summary in ref. A78, p. 477. 899. CHART, S. ET AL. Erythrocyte and plasma 908. HODGE, M. C. E. & MOORE, S. Pirimiphos- cholinesterase activity in human volunteers methyl (PP511): teratological studies in the administered pirimiphos-methyl. Unpublished rat. Unpublished report, ICI Industrial report, ICI Central Toxicology Lab. Imperial Hygiene Research Laboratories. Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd,* 1974. Summary in Chemical Industries Ltd,* 1972. Summary in ref. A78, p. 488. ref. A78, p. 480. 54 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

909. NOEL, P. R. B. ET AL. PP51 1: oral toxicity orimetric determination. Bull. World Health studies in dogs-initial studies and repeated Organ., 30: 127-134 (1964). dosage for thirteen weeks. Unpublished report, 919. DuBois, K. P. The acute oral toxicity of Bayer Huntingdon Research Centre. Imperial Chemi- 39 007 to chickens. Unpublished report, Uni- cal Industries Ltd,* 1970. Summary in ref. versity of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1962. Sum- A78, pp. 485-486. mary in ref. A76, pp. 336-337. 910. PALMER, A. K. & CHERRY, C. P. Effect of 920. DuBois, K. P. The acute toxicity of some PP511 on reproductive function of multiple possible metabolites of Bayer 39 007, 44 646, generations in the rat: histopathological exam- 37 344 and Morestan. Unpublished report, ination on testes of FIB and F2B males. University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1963. Sum- Unpublished report, Huntingdon Research mary in ref. A76, p. 337. Centre. Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd,* 921. DuBois, K. P. & RAYMUND, A. B. The acute 1972. Summary in ref. A78, p. 479. toxicity of Bayer 39 007 to rats. Unpublished 911. PALMER, A. K. & JAMES, P. Effect of PP511 on report, University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* reproductive function of multiple generations 1961. Summary in ref. A76, pp. 336-337. in the rat. Final report. Unpublished report, 922. DuBois, K. P. & RAYMUND, A. B. The acute Huntingdon Research Centre. Imperial Chemi- toxicity of Bayer 39 007 given in combination cal Industries Ltd,* 1972. Summary in ref. with other anticholinesterase insecticides to A78, pp. 478-479. rats. Unpublished report, University of Chi- 912. PARKINSON, G. R. Pirimiphos-methyl (PP51 1): cago. Bayer AG,* 1961. Summary in ref. A76, Potentiation with gamma-BHC. Unpublished p. 336. report, ICI Industrial Hygiene Research Labo- 923. DuBois, K. P. & RAYMUND, A. B. The acute ratories. Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd,* toxicity of Bayer 39 007 and Bayer 37 344 in 1972. Summary in ref. A78, p. 478. combination with some other anticholineste- 913. PARKINSON, G. R. Pirimiphos-methyl (PP51 1): rase insecticides to rats. Unpublished report, potentiation with dichlorvos. Unpublished University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1961. Sum- report, ICI Industrial Hygiene Research Labo- mary in ref. A76, p. 336. ratories. Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd,* 924. EBEN, A. & KIMMERLE, G. Propoxur, effect of 1972. Summary in ref. A78, p. 478. acute and subacute oral doses on acetyl choli- 914. RIVETT, K. F. ET AL. PP51 1: oral toxicity study nesterase activity in plasma, erythrocytes and in beagle dogs-repeated daily dosage for two brain of rats. Unpublished report, Institute for years. Unpublished report, Huntingdon Re- Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* search Centre. Imperial Chemical Industries 1973. Summary in ref. A76, p. 339. Ltd,* 1973. Summary in ref. A78, pp. 486-487. 925. EVERETT, L. J. & GRONBERG, R. R. The metab- olic fate of Baygon (2-isopropoxyphenyl-N- 915. Ross, D. B. ET AL. Egg production and hatch- methyl-carbamate) in the rat. Unpublished ability in the laying hen following dietary report, Chemagro Research & Development inclusion of pirimiphos-methyl at various Dep. Bayer AG,* 1970. Summary in ref. A76, levels. Unpublished report, Huntingdon Re- p. 331. search Centre. Imperial Chemical Industries 926. HAYES, W. J. JR. Studies on exposure during Ltd,* 1974. Summary in ref. A78, p. 485. the use of anticholinesterase pesticides. Bull. 916. ARNOLD, D. ET AL. Mutagenic study with World Health Organ., 44: 277-288 (1971). Baygon in albino mice. Unpublished report, 927. KIMMERLE, G. Preparation Dr. Bocker Industrial Bio-Test Labs. Bayer AG,* 1971. 58 12 315 (39 007). Unpublished report, Insti- Summary in ref. A76, p. 335. tute for Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. 917. CROSBY, D. G. ET AL. Carbamate insecti- Bayer AG,* 1961. Summaries in ref. A76, cides-photodecomposition ofcarbamate insec- pp. 336-338. ticides. J. agric. Food Chem., 13: 204-207 928. KIMMERLE, G. E 39 007 (Bocker 58 12 315; (1965). Ht.-Nr. 3410)/Neurotoxizitiit. Unpublished 918. DAWSON, J. A. ET AL. Excretion by humans of report, Institute for Toxicology, Wuppertal- phenol derived in vivo from arprocarb. I. De- Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1964. Summary in ref. termination by gas chromatography. II. Col- A76, p. 335. PESTICIDES 55

929. KIMMERLE, G. Neurotoxic studies on active lished report, Institute for Toxicology, Wup- ingredient Bocker 58 12 315 (Unden active pertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1968. Summary ingredient). Unpublished report, Institute for in ref. A76, p. 340. Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* MAWDESLEY-THOMAS, L. E. Pathology report 1966. Summary in ref. A76, p. 335. of the two-year experiment in rats of the HOBIK, H. P. Histologische Untersuchungen toxicity of compound BAY 39007 by oral von Ruckenmark und Nervi ischiadici aus administration. Unpublished report, Hunting- Neurotoxizitiitsversuchen an Hiihnern mit don Research Centre. Bayer AG,* 1969. Sum- BAYER 39007. Unpublished report, Institute mary in ref. A76, p. 340. for Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer 938. L6SER, E. Bay 39 007/Chronische toxikolo- AG,* 1967. Summary in ref. A76, p. 335. gische Untersuchungen an Hunden. Unpub- 930. KIMMERLE, G. Unden-Wirkstoff (Bocker lished report, Institute for Toxicology, Wup- 58 12 315)/Antidotwirkung. Unpublished pertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1968. Summary report, Institute for Toxicology, Wuppertal- in ref. A76, pp. 339-340. Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1966. Summaries in ref. MAWDESLEY-THOMAS, L. E. Pathology report A76, pp. 336-338. of the two-year toxicity in dogs of compound 931. KIMMERLE, G. Comparison of the antidotal BAY 39 007 by oral administration. Unpub- actions of tetraethylammonium chloride and lished report, Huntingdon Research Centre. atropine in acute poisoning of carbamate Bayer AG,* 1969. Summary in ref. A76, insecticides in rats. Arch. Toxikol., 27: 311-314 pp. 339-340. (1971). 939. METCALF, R. L. Structure-activity relation- 932. KIMMERLE, G. & SOLMECKE, B. BAY 39 007/ ships for insecticidal carbamates. Bull. World subacute dermal application to rabbits. Un- Health Organ., 44: 43-78 (1971). published report, Institute for Toxicology, 940. NELSON, D. L. A study of the acute toxicity of Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1971. Sum- BAYGON in combination with D.D.V.P. maries in ref. A76, pp. 336-338. Unpublished report, Chemagro Research & 933. KLIMMER, 0. R. Toxikologische Pruifung von Development Dep. Bayer AG,* 1967. Summa- BAYER 39 007. Unpublished report, Institut ries in ref. A76, pp. 336, 337. der Universitat Bonn. Bayer AG,* 1963. Sum- 941. OONNITHAN, E. S. & CASIDA, J. E. Metabolites maries in ref. A76, pp. 336-338. of methyl- and dimethyl carbamate insecticide 934. LORKE, D. BAY 39 007/Untersuchungen auf chemicals as formed by rat liver microsomes. embryotoxische Wirkungen an der Ratte. Bull. environ. Contam. Toxicol., 1 (2): 59-60 Unpublished report, Institute for Toxicology, (1966). Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1970. Sum- 942. OONNITHAN, E. S. & CAZIDA, J. E. Oxidation mary in ref. A76, p. 336. of methyl- and dimethyl carbamate insecticide MAWDESLEY-THOMAS, L. E. Pathology report chemicals by microsomal enzymes and anti- of the generation experiment in rats of the cholinesterase activity of the metabolites. toxicity of compound BAY 39007 by oral J. agric. Food Chem., 16: 28-44 (1968). administration. Unpublished report, Hunting- 943. PLESTINA, R. Beitrag zur Erforschung der toxi- don Research Centre. Bayer AG,* 1969. Sum- schen Eigenschaften des O-Isopropoxyphenyl- mary in ref. A76, pp. 333-335. methylkarbamat. Magisterarbeit. Unpublished 935. LOSER, E. Fiitterungsversuch iiber 2 Monate report, Institute for Medical Research, Zagreb. mit BAYER 39 007. Unpublished report, Insti- Bayer AG,* 1968. Summary in ref. A76, tute for Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. p. 340. Bayer AG,* 1965. Summary in ref. A76, 944. REINER, E. & SIMEON, V. The inhibitory power p. 338. of 2-isopropoxyphenyl-N-methyl-carbamate 936. LOSER, E. BAY 39 007/Generationsversuche an against serum cholinesterase of various indi- Ratten. Unpublished report, Institute for Toxi- viduals. Arch. Toxikol., 23: 237-239 (1968). cology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 945. ROOT, M. ET AL. Subacute oral toxicity of 1968. Summary in ref. A76, pp. 333-335. BAYER 39 007 to male and female rats. Un- 937. LOSER, E. BAYER 39 007/Chronische toxiko- published report, University of Chicago. Bayer logische Untersuchungen an Ratten. Unpub- AG,* 1963. Summary in ref. A76, p. 339. 56 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

946. SYROWATKA, T. ET AL. [Short term chronic den. Mitt. Lebensmittelunters. Hyg., 49: 299- toxicity study of O-isopropoxyphenyl-N- 322 (1958). methyl-carbamate (propoxur).] Rocz. panstw. 959. JUSZKIEWICZ, T. & RAKALSKA, Z. [Biochemical Zakl. Hig., 22: 579-589 (1971) (in Polish). and electrocardiographic changes in the course 947. VANDEKAR, M. ET AL. A study of the safety of of an acute experimental poisoning of hens O-isopropoxyphenylmethyl-carbamate in an with O,O-dimethyl-S-ethylmercaptoethyl operation field-trial in Iran. Bull. World Health dithiophosphate.] Pol. Arch. weter., 11: 494- Organ., 38: 609-623 (1968). 506 (1968) (in Polish). 948. VANDEKAR, M. ET AL. Toxicity of carbamates 960. KLOTZSCHE, C. Thiometon, ein neuer systemi- for mammals. Bull. World Health Organ., 44: scher Phosphorsaureester. Mitt. Lebensmittel- 241-249 (1971). unters, Hyg., 49: 72-77 (1958). 949. VANDEKAR, M. ET AL. Value of ED60 testing in 961. KLOTZSCHE, C. Toxicological investigation on assessing hazards of acute poisoning by carba- the potentiation effect of Ekatin (thiometon). mates and organophosphates. Br. J. ind. Med., Unpublished report No. 34/37, Dep. of Occu- 22: 317-320 (1965). pational Hygiene, Sandoz. Sandoz Ltd,* 1967. 950. VANDEKAR, M. & WILFORD, K. The effect on Summary in ref. A68, p. 212. cholinesterase activity of storage of undiluted 962. KLOTZSCHE, C. Thiometon 90-Tage-Futte- whole blood sampled from men exposed to 0- rungs-Versuch mit Ratten. Unpublished report, isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate (OMS- Agro-Departement Forschung, Sandoz Chemi- 33). Bull. World Health Organ., 40: 91-96 cal Co. Sandoz Ltd,* 1971. Summary in ref. (1969). A76, pp. 399-400. 951. [SANDOZ LTD.] Thiometon: an organophos- 963. KLOTZSCHE, C. Thiometon, 3-Generationen- phorus systemic insecticide. Unpublished re- versuch an Ratten. Unpublished report, Agro- port, Sandoz Ltd,* 1968. Summaries in ref. Departement Forschung, Sandoz Chemical A68, pp. 212, 213. Co. Sandoz Ltd,* 1972. Summary in ref. A76, 952. [SANDOZ LTD.] Thiometon. Unpublished re- p. 398. port, Sandoz Ltd,* 1968. Summary in ref. A68, 964. KLOTZSCHE, C. & CARPY, S. Thiometon 90-day p. 212. feeding study in dogs. Unpublished report, 953. [SANDOZ LTD.] Ekatin. Systemisches Insektizid Agro-Departement Forschung, Sandoz Chemi- und Akarizid. Unpublished report AGRO cal Co. Sandoz Ltd,* 1973. Summary in ref. SLK No. E-3681. Sandoz Ltd,* 1969. Sum- A76, p. 400. mary in ref. A68, p. 212. 965. MADEJSKI, Z. & JUSZKIEWIcz, T. [Effects of 954. [SANDOZ LTD.] Thiometon: toxicological Ekatin poisoning on some biochemical indices investigations. Unpublished report, Sandoz in chickens.] Pol. Arch. weter., 10: 93-101 Ltd,* 1969. Summary in ref. A76, pp. 398- (1966) (in Polish). 399. 966. THOMANN, G. & KLOTZSCHE, C. Untitled. 955. [SANDOZ LTD.] Thiometon, toxicological inves- Unpublished report, Sandoz Ltd,* 1969. Sum- tigations. Unpublished report, Sandoz Ltd,* mary in ref. A68, p. 212. 1972. Summary in ref. A76, p. 399. 967. BUCHENAUERP, H. ET AL. Photochemical trans- 956. CABEJSZEK, I. ET AL. [Effects in warm-blooded formation of thiophanate-methyl and thiopha- animals of thiometon (2-ethyl-thioethyl-O,O- nate to alkyl benzimidazole-2-yl carbamates. dimethyl phosphorodithioate) in drinking Pestic. Sci., 4: 343-348 (1973). water.] Rocz. panstw. Zakl. Hig., 18: 257-265 968. FUCHS, A. ET AL. A comparison of benomyl (1967) (in Polish). and thiophanates with respect to some chemi- 957. CARPY, S. Thiometon, 28 Tage-Futterungsver- cal and systemic fungitoxic characteristics. such an Ratten-Bestimmungen der Cholineste- Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 2: 191-205 (1972). raseaktivitiit. Unpublished report, Agro- 969. FUJINO, A. ET AL. The balance and metabolism Departement Forschung, Sandoz. Sandoz studies of thiophanate-methyl in animals. Ltd,* 1972. Summary in ref. A76 p. 399. Unpublished report, Nisso Institute for Life 958. JUCKER, 0. Thiometon, Verhalten in der Science. Nippon Soda Co.,* 1973. Summary in Pflanze, Bestimmungen von Spritzruckstan- ref. A76, p. 410. PESTICIDES 57

970. HASHIMOTO, Y. & FUKUDA, Y. Final report on Unpublished report, Nisso Institute for Life the long term oral toxicity studies of thiopha- Science. Nippon Soda Co.,* 1970. Summaries nate-methyl, dimethyl 4,4-O-phenylenebis (3- in ref. A76, pp. 413, 414. thioallophanate) in beagle dogs for 24 months. 980. NOGUCHI, T. & HASHIMOTO, Y. Toxicological Unpublished report, Nisso Institute for Life evaluation of thiophanate-methyl. (II) Studies Science. Nippon Soda Co.,* 1972. Summary in on the subchronic oral toxicity of thiophanate- ref. A76, p. 419. methyl in mice. Unpublished report, Nisso 971. HASHIMOTO, Y. ET AL. Toxicological evalua- Institute for Life Science. Nippon Soda Co.,* tions of thiophanate (1). Acute and subacute 1970. Summary in ref. A76, pp. 417-418. toxicity of a new fungicide, thiophanate (acute 981. NOGUCHI, T. & HASHIMOTO, Y. Toxicological ingredient of NF-35), 1,2 hrs. (ethoxy-carbo- evaluation of thiophanate-methyl. (III) Studies nyl-thioureido)-benzene. Pharmacometrics, 4: on the subchronic oral toxicity of thiophanate- 5-21 (1970). methyl in rats. Unpublished report, Nisso 972. HASHIMOTO, Y. ET AL. Acute toxicity of dime- Institute for Life Science. Nippon Soda Co.,* thyl 4,4-O-phenylenebis (3-thioallophanate), 1970. Summary in ref. A76, p. 418. thiophanate-methyl fungicide. Toxicol. appl. 982. NOGUCHI, T. & HASHIMOTO, Y. Toxicological Pharnmacol., 23: 606-615 (1972). evaluation of thiophanate-methyl. (IV) Studies 973. HASHIMOTO, Y. ET AL. Some pharmacologic on the teratogenic effect of thiophanate-methyl properties of a new fungicide, thiophanate- upon the fetus of ICR strain mice. Unpub- methyl. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 23: 616-622 lished report, Nisso Institute for Life Science. (1972). Nippon Soda Co.,* 1970. Summary in ref. 974. HASHIMOTO, Y. & TSUBURA, Y. Final report on A76, p. 417. the chronic oral toxicity studies of thiopha- 983. NoGuCHI, T. & HASHIMOTO, Y. Toxicological nate-methyl, dimethyl 4,4-O-phenylenebis (3- evaluation of thiophanate-methyl. (V) Some thioallophanate) in rats of Sprague-Dawley pharmacologic properties of a new fungicide strain for 24 months. Unpublished report, thiophanate-methyl. Unpublished report, Nisso Institute for Life Science. Nippon Soda Nisso Institute for Life Science. Nippon Soda Co.,* 1972. Summary in ref. A76, pp. 420- Co.,* 1970. Summary in ref. A76, pp. 414- 421. 415. 975. KOSAKA, S. & TSUBURA, Y. The report on the 984. NOGUCHI, T. & HASHIMOTO, Y. Study on con- carcinogenesis studies of thiophanate-methyl tact phototoxicity and sensitivity to new fungi- (dimethyl 4-4'-O-phenylenebis (3-thioallopha- cide, thiophanates. Unpublished report, Nisso nate)), in mice of ICR-SLC strain for 24 Institute for Life Science. Nippon Soda Co.,* months. Unpublished report, Nisso Institute 1971. Summary in ref. A76, pp. 413-414. for Life Science. Nippon Soda Co.,* 1973. 985. NOGUCHI, T. ET AL. Chemistry and metabolism Summary in ref. A76, pp. 415-416. of thiophanate fungicides. In: Proceedings of 976. MAKITA, T. ET AL. Mutagenic, cytogenetic and the International Symposium on Pesticide Ter- teratogenic studies on thiophanate-methyl. minal Residues, Tel Aviv, 1971, pp. 257-270. Toxicol. appl. Pharmacol., 24: 206-215 (1973). 986. PALMER, A. K. ET AL. Effect of thiophanate- 977. MORI, H. Human handling experiences from methyl on reproductive function of multiple plant employees manufacturing Topsin (1). generation in the rat. Unpublished report, Unpublished report, Nisso Takaoka Hospital. Huntingdon Research Centre. Nippon Soda Nippon Soda Co.,* 1972. Summary in ref. Co.* 1972. Summary in ref. A76, p. 417. A76, p. 421. 987. SOEDA, Y ET AL. Identification of alkyl 2- 978. NOGUCHI, T. Environmental evaluation of sys- benzimidazole carbamates as a major metabo- temic fungicides. In: Environmental toxicology lite of thiophanates fungicide in/on the bean of pesticides. New York, Academic Press, plant. Agric. biol. Chem., 34: 817-823 (1972). 1972, pp. 607-632. 988. SOEDA, Y. ET AL. The fate of thiophanate, 979. NOGUCHI, T. & HASHIMOTO, Y. Toxicological methyl fungicide and its metabolites of plant evaluation of thiophanate-methyl. (I) Acute leaves and glass plates. Agric. biol. Cheni., 36: and subacute toxicity of thiophanate-methyl. 931-936 (1972). 58 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

989. ABDALLA, A. ET AL. Evaluation of an organo- 14C-Trichlorphon. Z. Naturforsch., 25b: 94-96 phosphorus compound Dipterex on the treat- (1970). ment of bilharziasis. J. Egypt. Med. Assoc., 48: A3. DEDEK, W. & LOHS, K. Zur alkylierended 262-273 (1965). Wirkung von Trichlorphon in Warmblutem 990. ABDEL-AAL, A. M. A. ET AL. Blood cholineste- II. Verteilung von 14C in Organen und Leber- rases, hepatic renal and haemapoietix func- proteinen bei Ratten nach Applikation von tions in children receiving repeated doses of 14C-Trichlorphon. Z. Naturforsch., 25b: 1110- ' Dipterex '. J. Egypt. Med. Assoc., 53: 265- 1113 (1970). 271 (1970). A4. DEDEK, W. & SCHWARZ, H. Studien zur 991. ARANT, F. S. ET AL. Toxicity of Bayer LI 3/59 percutanen Resorbtion von 32P-Dimethoat am to rabbits. Unpublished report, Alabama Poly- Schaf. Z. Naturforsch., 2Sb: 1193-1194 (1970). technic Inst. Bayer AG,* 1971. Summary in A5. DEICHMANN, W. B. & LAMPE, K. Dipterex, its ref. A72, p. 190. pharmacological action. Bull. Univ. Miani 992. ARNOLD, D. ET AL. Mutagenic study with Sch. Med., 9: 7-12 (1955). Dylox in albino mice. Unpublished report, A6. DINERMAN, A. A. ET AL. The embryotoxic Industrial Bio-Test Labs, Bayer AG,* 1971. action of some pesticides. Gig. i Sanit., 35: Summary in ref. A72, p. 188. 39-42 (1970). 993. ARTHUR, B. W. & CASIDA, J. E. Biological A7. DOULL, J. & DuBois, K. P. The effects of diets activity of several O,O-dialkyl alpha-acyloxye- containing Dipterex on rats. Unpublished thyl phosphonates. J. econ. Entomol., 6: 360- report, University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 365 (1958). 1956. Summary in ref. A72, p. 191. 994. BAILEY, C. C. Jr. Evaluation of the dermal A8. DOULL, J. & DuBois, K. P. The effects of diets toxicity of malathion, Chlorthion, and Dipte- containing Dipterex for dogs. Unpublished rex to dogs. Thesis, Clemson College, SC, report, University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* USA (1956). 1958. Summary in ref. A72, p. 191. 995. BARTHEL, W. F. ET AL. Insecticidal phosphates A9. DOULL, J. ET AL. Chronic oral toxicity of obtained dy a new re-arrangement reaction. J. Dylox to male and female dogs. Unpublished Am. chem. Soc., 77: 2424-2428 (1955). report, University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 996. BEHEYET, P. ET AL. Etude de la toxicite pour 1962. Summary in ref. A72, p. 192. homme d'un insecticide organophosphore. AIO. DOULL, J. ET AL. Effect of diets containing Bull. World Health Organ., 24: 465-473 (1961). Dipterex in combination with organic phos- phates on dogs and rats. Unpublished report, 997. BEHRENZ, W. Biologische Bestimmung des University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1958. Sum- Wirkstoffgehaltes im Fleisch von Schafen und mary in ref. A72, p. 189. Rindern zu verschiedenen Zeiten nach perora- All. DOULL, J. ET AL. Chronic oral toxicity of ler Behandlung mit Neguvon. Arch. Lebensmit- Dylox to male and female rats. Unpublished telhyg., 10: 64-67 (1959). report, University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* 998. BORGMANN, W. & HUNOLD, G. A. Report on 1965. Summary in ref. A72, p. 194. the results of a toxicological examination of A12. DOULL, J. ET AL. Chronic oral toxicity of Dipterex (L13/59). Unpublished report, Fed- Dylox to male and female rats. Unpublished eral Board of Health, Berlin-Dahlem,* 1955. report, University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* Summary in ref. A72, p. 191. 1962. Summary in ref. A72, pp. 193-194. 999. BRODEUR, J. & DuBois, K. P. Comparison of A13. DuBois, K. P. Potentiation of the toxicity of acute toxicity of anticholinesterase insecticides insecticidal organic phosphates. Arch. ind. to weanling adult male rats. Proc. Soc. Exp. Health, 18: 488-496 (1958). Biol., 114: 509-511 (1963). A14. DuBois, K. P. & COTTER, G. J. Studies on the A1. DAVIS, A. & BAILEY, D. R. Metrifonate in toxicity and mechanism of action of Dipterex. urinary schistosomiasis. Bull. World Health Arch. ind. Health, 11: 53-60 (1955). Organ., 41: 209-224 (1969). A15. DuBois, K. P. & DOULL, J. Acute toxicity of A2. DEDEK, W. & LOHS, K. Zur alkylierenden Dipterex to chickens and ducks. Unpublished Wirkung von Trichlorphon in Warmblutern report, University of Chicago. Bayer AG,* I. Untersuchungen in vitro in Humanserum mit 1955. Summary in ref. A72, p. 190. PESTICIDES 59

A16. GIBEL, Von W. ET AL. Tierexperimentelle A26. KUHNERT, M. ET AL. Untersuchungen uiber die Untersuchungen uber die hepatoxische und Stoffwechselbeeinflussung und den Ausschei- kanzerogene Wirkung phosphoroganischer dungs-mechanismus des Phosphorsaure-esters Verbindungen. Arch. Geschwulstforsch., 37: Trichlorphon im Handelspraparat " Bubulin " 303-312 (1971). mit Hilfe 32P-markierten Phosphors bei der A17. GOLMEKLER, V. A. & TABAKOVA, S. A. [The intravenosen und intramuskularen Injektion effect of chlorophos on rat embryogenesis.] an Rindern. Arch. exp. Veterindrmed., 17: 403- Farmakol. Toksikol., 33: 735-737 (1970) (in 417 (1963). Russian). A27. LEAHY, J. S. Die Bestimmung von Riickstan- A18. HANNA, S. ET AL. Effects of administration of den des Neguvon in der Milch nach dermaler an organophosphorus compound as an anti- Anwendung beim Rind. Vet.-med. Nachr., 37- bilharzial agent with special reference to 48 (1964). plasma cholinesterase. Br. Med. J., 1: 1390- A28. LEBRUN, A. & CERF, C. Note preliminaire sur 1392 (1966). la toxicite pour l'homme d'un insecticide orga- A19. HASSAN, A. & ZAYED, S. M. A. D. Metabolism nophosphore (Dipterex). Bull. World Health of organophosphorus insecticides III. Fate of Organ., 22: 579-582 (1960). the methyl group of Dipterex in vivo. Can. J. A29. LORENZ, W. ET AL. The new insecticide 0-0- Biochem., 43: 1271-1275 (1965). dimethyl 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl phos- A20. HASSAN, A. ET AL. Metabolism of organophos- phonate. J. Am. chem. Soc., 77: 2554-2556 phorus insecticides II. Metabolism of 0-0- (1955). dimethyl-2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl phos- A30. LORKE, D. Trichlorfon. Untersuchungen auf phonate (Dipterex) in mammalian nervous tis- embryotoxische und teratogene Wirkungen an sue and kinetics involved in its reaction with der Ratte. Unpublished report, Institut fur acetycholine esterase. Can. J. Biochem., 43: Toxikologie, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer 1263-1269 (1965). AG,* 1971. Summary in ref. A72, p. 188. A21. HASSAN, A. ET AL. Metabolism of organophos- A3 1. LORKE, D. & LOSER, E. Chronic toxicological phorus insecticides V. Mechanism of detoxifi- studies on rats. Unpublished report, Institut cation of Dipterex in Prodenia litura F. Bio- fur Toxikologie, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer chem. Pharmacol., 14: 1577-1584 (1965). AG,* 1966. Summary in ref. A72, pp. 194-195. A22. HASSAN, A. ET AL. Metabolism of organophos- GRUNDMANN, E. & HOBIK, H. P. Bay 15922/2- phorus insecticides VI. Mechanism of detoxifi- year feeding experiment in rats/histology. cation in the rat. Biochem. Pharmacol., 14: Unpublished report, Institut fur Toxikologie, 1692-1694 (1965). Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1966. Sum- A23. HASSAN, A. ET AL. Metabolism of organophos- mary in ref. A72, pp. 194-195. phorus insecticides VIII. Demethylation of A32. LOSER, E. Generationsversuche an Ratten. Dipterex. Z. Naturforsch., 21b: 498-500 (1966). Unpublished report, Institut fur Toxikologie, A24. JUSZKIEWICZ, T. [Insecticide residues in the Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1969. Sum- tissues and milk of cows following the dermal mary in ref. A72, p. 188. application of fenchlorvos and trichlorphon: a SPICER, E. J. F. & URWIN, C. Pathology report preliminary report.] Med. weter., 26: 85-89 of Bay 15922 generation experiment in rats. (1970) (in Polish). Unpublished report, Huntingdon Research A25. KIMMERLE, G. & LORKE, D. Neurotoxische Centre. Bayer AG,* 1971. Summary in ref. Untersuchungen an Hiihnern mit Dipterex- A72, p. 188. Wirkstoff. Unpublished report, Institut fur A33. LOSER, E. Bay 15922/Chronic toxicological Toxikologie, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer studies on dogs. Unpublished report, Institut AG,* 1966. Summary in ref. A72, p. 189. fur Toxikologie, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer HOBIK, H. P. Histologische Untersuchungen AG,* 1970. Summary in ref. A72, pp. 195-196. von Ruckenmark und Nervi ischiadici aus SPICER, E. J. F. & PAYNE, S. Pathology report Neurotoxizitats-versuchen an Hiihnern mit of Bay 15922-4 year dog study (Loser, 1970). Dipterex. Unpublished report, Institut fur Unpublished report, Institut fur Toxikologie, Toxikologie, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Bayer AG,* 1971. Sum- AG,* 1967. Summary in ref. A72, p. 189. mary in ref. A72, pp. 195-196. 60 PROGRESS IN STANDARDIZATION: 3

A34. METCALF, R. L. ET AL. Toxic action of Dipte- Insecticiden. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. rex and DDVP to the house fly. J. econ. exp. Pathol. Pharmakol., 236: 202-205 (1959). Entomol., 52: 44-49 (1959). A47. WEGNER, D. Bilarcil: Bay 2349. Klinische A35. MIYAMOTO, J. Non-enzymic conversion of Erfahrungen 1960-1969. Unpublished report, Dipterex into DDVP and their inhibitory Institut fur Toxikologie, Wuppertal-Elberfeld. action on enzymes. Botyu-Kagaku, 21: 130-137 Bayer AG,* 1970. Summary in ref. A72, (1959). p. 196. A36. MIYAMOTO, J. Studies on the mode of action of A48. WICKHAM, J. C. & FLANAGAN, P. Residues of Dipterex. Part II. New glucuronides obtained trichlorphon (Neguvon) in milk after dermal from the urine of rabbit following administra- application to cattle. J. Sci. Food Agric., 13: tion of Dipterex. Agric. biol. Chem., 25: 566- 449-455 (1962). 572 (1961). A49. WILLS, J. H. Recent studies of organic phos- A37. MURPHY, S. D. & DuBois, K. P. Inhibitory phate poisoning. Fed. Proc., 18: 1020-1025 effect of Dipterex on the detoxification of (1959). malathion. Unpublished report, University of A50. WIrTER, R. F. & GAINES, T. B. Relationship Chicago. Bayer AG,* 1958. Summary in ref. between depression of brain or plasma cho- A72, p. 189. linesterase and paralysis in chickens caused by A38. NAMBA, T. Cholinesterase inhibition by orga- certain organic phosphorus compounds. Bio- nophosphorus compounds and its chemical chem. Pharmacol., 12: 1377-1386 (1963). effects. Bull. World Health Organ., 44: 289-307 (1971). A51. ZAYED, S. M. A. D. & HASSAN, A. Metabolism of organophosphorus insecticides I. Distribu- A39. ROBBINS, W. E. ET AL. The metabolism of 32p- tion and metabolism of Dipterex in adult larva labelled Bayer L 13/59 in a cow. J. econ. of the cotton leaf worm. (Prodenia litura F.) Entomol., 49: 801-806 (1956). Can. J. Biochem., 43: 1257-1262 (1965). A40. RosIVAL ET AL. Private communication to WHO, 1959. Summary in ref. A72, p. 187. A52. ZHDANOVICH, N. V. & UDALOV, I. U. F. [The A41. Ross, E. & role of thiamine and pyridoxime on acute and SHERMAN, M. The effect of selected subacute intoxication with the organophos- insecticides on growth and egg production phorus insecticide Dipterex.] Vop. Pitan., 29: when administered continously in the feed. 28-34 (1970 Poultry Sci., 39: 1203-1211 (1960). (in Russian). A42. SCHULEMANN, W. Final opinion on the insecti- A53. WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE ON INSECTICIDES. cide Bayer LI 3/59. Unpublished report, Phar- Toxic hazards of pesticides to man. Geneva, makologisches Institut, Bonn University. 1962 (WHO Technical report series, No. 227). Bayer AG,* 1955. Summaries in ref. A72, A54. WHO EXPERT COMMITrEE ON INSECTICIDES. pp. 187, 190. Safe use of pesticides in public health. Geneva, A43. SCHWARZ, H. & DEDEK, W. Das Verhalten von 1967 (WHO Technical report series, No. 356). radioaktiv markiertem Trichlorphon nach AS5. WHO EXPERT COMMITrEE ON INSECTICIDES. Pour-on-Applikation (Aufgiessverfabren) zur Safe use of pesticides. Geneva, 1973. (WHO Dassellarvenbekampfung beim Rind. Mo- Technical report series, No. 513). natsch. Veterindrmed., 20: 958-968 (1965). A56. WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE ON INSECTICIDES. A44. SCHWARZ, H. & DEDEK, W. Untersuchungen Chemical and biochemical methodology for uber den Abbau und die Ausscheidung von the assessment of hazards of pesticides for 32P-markiertem Trichlorphon beim Schwein. man. Geneva, 1975. (WHO Technical report Zentralbl. Veterindrmed., B, 12: 653-660 series, No. 560). (1965). A57. WHO/FAO. Evaluation of the toxicity of pes- A45. SHERMAN, M. & Ross, E. Toxicity of housefly ticide residues in food. Report of a Joint larvae to insecticides administered as single Meeting of the FAO Committee on Pesticides oral doses to chicks. J. econ. Entomol., 52: 719- in Agriculture and the WHO Expert Commit- 723 (1959). tee on Pesticide Residues. FAO Meeting Re- A46. VBROVSKY, L. ET AL. Toxikologische und phar- port No. PL:1963/13; WHO/Food Add./23 makologische Studien der Phosphorsaureester (1964). PESTICIDES 61

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