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PROGRESS in PESTICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT and PHASING-OUT of HIGHLY HAZARDOUS PESTICIDES in ASIA Viii RAP PUBLICATION 2015/01

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PROGRESS in PESTICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT and PHASING-OUT of HIGHLY HAZARDOUS PESTICIDES in ASIA Viii RAP PUBLICATION 2015/01 RAP PUBLICATION 2015/01 PROGRESS IN PESTICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT AND PHASING-OUT OF HIGHLY HAZARDOUS PESTICIDES IN ASIA viii RAP PUBLICATION 2015/01 PROGRESS IN PESTICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT AND PHASING-OUT OF HIGHLY HAZARDOUS PESTICIDES IN ASIA FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangkok, 2015 i The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-108709-1 © FAO, 2015 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. For a copy of this publication, please write to Piao Yongfan FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Maliwan Mansion, 39 Phra Atit Road Bangkok 10200 THAILAND Tel: (+66) 2 697 4268 Fax: (+66) 2 697 4445 E-mail: [email protected] ii iii iv FOREWORD FAO considers reduced reliance on pesticides as a principle element of its focus on Sustainable Production Intensification and Pesticide Risk Reduction through judicious selection of pesticides and proper pesticide management. Pillars of FAO’s work in this area are its programme to promote the implementation of the new International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management and providing the secretariat for the Rotterdam Convention for the part that concerns pesticides. Related work areas also include pesticide residues, pesticide specifications, and prevention and disposal of obsolete pesticides. Over the past 30 years, the FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific has assisted countries in the Asia and Pacific region in establishing pesticide legislation and regulations, and in managing these products in accordance with the Code of Conduct and other international conventions and treaties. Over the past years, the Office has organized a number of regional workshops aimed at enhancing harmonization among countries’ regulatory framework for the control of pesticides. In 2012, the Regional Workshop on Enhancement of regional collaboration in pesticides regulatory management was held in Chiang Mai, Thailand, and reviewed national pesticide regulatory management systems in view of recommendations in the revised International Code of Conduct on the distribution and use of pesticides and five harmonization guidelines that were developed for Southeast Asia under a TCP project titled “Assisting countries in Southeast Asia towards achieving pesticide regulatory harmonization”. Recent events included a workshop on Practical aspects of pesticide risk assessment and phasing out of highly hazardous pesticides, which was held in Nanjing, China from 19 to 22 May 2014. This workshop aimed specifically on a number of practical aspects of pesticide management that were identified in the earlier workshops as areas for further attention. It also introduced the latest revision of the Code of Conduct which was adopted in 2013 under the new name of Code of Conduct on pesticide management. This publication describes the updated status of pesticide risk reduction and progress in phasing out of highly hazardous pesticides in Asian countries. It further contains databases of registered and banned pesticides as well as important documents from the Nanjing workshop which could serve as a reference and encouragement to enhance closer collaboration among countries regarding the continuation of phasing out hazardous pesticides and other aspects of pesticide management. This will not only safeguard against adverse effects of pesticides to human health and the environment, but will also promote sustainable agricultural development for meeting the challenges of the future. Hiroyuki Konuma Assistant Director-General and FAO Regional Representative for Asia and the Pacific v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword...................................................................................................................................... v List of acronyms .......................................................................................................................... ix Executive summary ..................................................................................................................... xi 1. INTRODUCTION AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS ...................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 New international developments ................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 Revised Code of Conduct on pesticide management....................................... 3 1.2.2 FAO Policy on HHP ......................................................................................... 4 1.3 Summary and conclusions ........................................................................................... 7 2. PESTICIDE REGISTRATION ........................................................................................ 8 2.1 Status of pesticide registration in Asia ........................................................................ 8 – Information exchange on pesticide registratio ................................................. 10 2.2 Presentations: .............................................................................................................. 12 2.2.1 Access to pesticide registration data from Japan ............................................. 12 2.2.2 Access to pesticide registration data from Malaysia........................................ 14 2.2.3 Access to pesticide registration data from Thailand ........................................ 18 2.3 Summary and conclusions ........................................................................................... 20 3. PESTICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT ................................................................................. 21 3.1 Status of risk assessment in Asia ................................................................................. 21 – International resources for pesticide risks........................................................ 22 3.2 Presentations: .............................................................................................................. 24 3.2.1 Introduction to risk health and environmental risk assessment – KemI .......... 24 3.2.2 Risk assessment in China – ICAMA................................................................ 30 3.2.3 Access to information from the pesticide registration process in the EU ........ 37 3.2.4 Pesticide registration information from US-EPA ............................................. 40 3.3 Summary and conclusions ........................................................................................... 43 4. PHASING OUT OF HHPs ............................................................................................... 44 4.1 Status of HHPs in Asia ................................................................................................ 44 4.2 Presentations................................................................................................................48 4.2.1 Progress of high hazardous pesticide management in China ........................... 48 4.2.2 Phasing out of HHPs: Chinese pesticide producers’ experiences and lessons. 53 4.2.3 Phasing out of HHPs in Malaysia .................................................................... 56 4.2.4 Phasing out of HHPs in Thailand..................................................................... 58 4.3 Summary and conclusions ........................................................................................... 60 5. FAKE AND SUBSTANDARD PESTICIDES................................................................. 62 5.1 Status of quality control in Asia .................................................................................. 62 5.2 Presentations: .............................................................................................................. 64 5.2.1 Chinese quality control/inspection scheme and implementation ..................... 64 5.2.2 Quality control and implementation in Japan .................................................. 68 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
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