DOCSLIB.ORG

Research and Special Programs Admin., DOT § 172.101

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Research and Special Programs Admin., DOT § 172.101 Research and Special Programs Admin., DOT § 172.101 TABLE 2 TO APPENDIX AÐRADIONUCLIDESÐ the class of the material must be determined Continued in accordance with § 173.2a of this sub- chapter. 3. This appendix contains two columns. (2)Ð (3)ÐReportable Atomic The first column, entitled ``S.M.P.'' (for se- (1)ÐRadionuclide Num- Quantity (RQ) ber Ci (TBq) vere marine pollutants), identifies whether a material is a severe marine pollutant. If the Ytterbium-169 .......................... 70 10 (.37) letters ``PP'' appear in this column for a ma- Ytterbium-175 .......................... 70 100 (3.7) terial, the material is a severe marine pol- Ytterbium-177 .......................... 70 1000 (37) lutant, otherwise it is not. The second col- Ytterbium-178 .......................... 70 1000 (37) umn, entitled ``Marine Pollutant'' , lists the Yttrium-86 ................................ 39 10 (.37) Yttrium-86m ............................. 39 1000 (37) marine pollutants. Yttrium-87 ................................ 39 10 (.37) 4. If a material not listed in this appendix Yttrium-88 ................................ 39 10 (.37) meets the criteria for a marine pollutant, as Yttrium-90 ................................ 39 10 (.37) provided in the General Introduction of the Yttrium-90m ............................. 39 100 (3.7) IMDG Code, Guidelines for the Identification Yttrium-91 ................................ 39 10 (.37) of Harmful Substances in Packaged Form, Yttrium-91m ............................. 39 1000 (37) Yttrium-92 ................................ 39 100 (3.7) the material may be transported as a marine Yttrium-93 ................................ 39 100 (3.7) pollutant in accordance with the applicable Yttrium-94 ................................ 39 1000 (37) requirements of this subchapter. Yttrium-95 ................................ 39 1000 (37) 5. If approved by the Associate Adminis- Zinc-62 ..................................... 30 100 (3.7) trator for Hazardous Materials Safety, a ma- Zinc-63 ..................................... 30 1000 (37) terial listed in this appendix which does not Zinc-65 ..................................... 30 10 (.37) meet the criteria for a marine pollutant, as Zinc-69 ..................................... 30 1000 (37) Zinc-69m .................................. 30 100 (3.7) provided in the General Introduction of the Zinc-71m .................................. 30 100 (3.7) IMDG Code, Guidelines for the Identification Zinc-72 ..................................... 30 100 (3.7) of Harmful Substances in Packaged Form, is Zirconium-86 ............................ 40 100 (3.7) excepted from the requirements of this sub- Zirconium-88 ............................ 40 10 (.37) chapter as a marine pollutant. Zirconium-89 ............................ 40 100 (3.7) Zirconium-93 ............................ 40 1 (.037) Zirconium-95 ............................ 40 10 (.37) APPENDIX B TO § 172.101ÐLIST OF Zirconium-97 ............................ 40 10 (.37) MARINE POLLUTANTS $ The RQs for all radionuclides apply to chemical com- S.M.P. Marine Pollutant pounds containing the radionuclides and elemental forms re- gardless of the diameter of pieces of solid material. (1) (2) ² The RQ of one curie applies to all radionuclides not other- wise listed. Whenever the RQs in TABLE 1ÐHAZARDOUS Acetal SUBSTANCES OTHER THAN RADIONUCLIDES and this Acetaldehyde table conflict, the lowest RQ shall apply. For example, uranyl Acetone cyanohydrin, stabilized acetate and uranyl nitrate have RQs shown in TABLE 1 of Acetylene tetrabromide 100 pounds, equivalent to about one-tenth the RQ level for Acetylene tetrachloride uranium-238 in this table. Acraldehyde, inhibited ** The method to determine the RQs for mixtures or solu- Acrolein, inhibited tions of radionuclides can be found in paragraph 7 of the note preceding TABLE 1 of this appendix. RQs for the following Acrylic aldehyde, inhibited four common radionuclide mixtures are provided: radium-226 Alcohol C-12 - C-16 poly(1-6) ethoxylate in secular equilibrium with its daughters (0.053 curie); natural Alcohol C-13 - C-15 poly(1-6) ethoxylate uranium (0.1 curie); natural uranium in secular equilibrium Alcohol C-6 - C-17 (secondary)poly(3-6) ethoxylate with its daughters (0.052 curie); and natural thorium in secular Aldicarb equilibrium with its daughters (0.011 curie). PP Aldrin *** Indicates that the name was added by RSPA because it Alkyl (c12-c14) dimethylamine appears in the list of radionuclides in 49 CFR 173.435. The reportable quantity (RQ), if not specifically listed elsewhere in Alkyl (c7-c9) nitrates this appendix, shall be determined in accordance with the pro- Alkylbenzenesulphonates, branched and straight cedures in paragraph 7 of this appendix. chain Alkylphenols, liquid, n.o.s. (including C2-C12 homo- [Amdt. 172±122, 55 FR 46798, Nov. 7, 1990] logues) Alkylphenols, solid, n.o.s. (including C2-C12 homo- EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER ci- logues) tations affecting appendix A to § 172.101, see Allyl bromide the List of CFR Sections Affected in the ortho-Aminoanisole Finding Aids section of this volume. Aminocarb Ammonium dinitro-o-cresolate n-Amylbenzene APPENDIX B TO § 172.101ÐLIST OF Amyl mercaptans MARINE POLLUTANTS Anisole PP Azinphos-ethyl 1. This appendix lists potential marine pol- PP Azinphos-methyl lutants as defined in § 171.8 of this sub- Barium cyanide chapter. Bendiocarb Benomyl 2. If a marine pollutant meets the defini- Benquinox tion of any hazard class or division as de- Benzaldehyde fined in this subchapter, other than Class 9, Benzyl chlorocarbonate 277 VerDate 15<DEC>99 10:04 Dec 21, 1999 Jkt 183197 PO 00000 Frm 00277 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\183197T.XXX pfrm03 PsN: 183197T § 172.101 49 CFR Ch. I (10±1±99 Edition) S.M.P. Marine Pollutant S.M.P. Marine Pollutant (1) (2) (1) (2) Benzyl chloroformate PP Chlorpyriphos PP Binapacryl PP Chlorthiophos N,N-Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) oleamide (LOA) Coal tar PP Brodifacoum Coal tar naphtha Bromine cyanide Cocculus Bromoacetone Coconitrile Bromoallylene Copper acetoarsenite Bromobenzene Copper arsenite ortho-Bromobenzyl cyanide Copper chloride Bromocyane PP Copper chloride solution Bromoform PP Copper cyanide PP Bromophos-ethyl PP Copper metal powder 3-Bromopropene PP Copper sulphate, anhydrous, hydrates Bromoxynil Coumachlor Butanedione PP Coumaphos 2-Butenal, stabilized Creosote (coal tar) Butyl benzenes Creosote (wood tar) Butyl benzyl phthalate Cresols (o-; m-; p-) n-Butyl butyrate PP Cresyl diphenyl phosphate N-tert-butyl-N-cyclopropyl-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine- Cresylic acid 2,4-diamine Cresylic acid sodium salt Butyl mercaptans Crotonaldehyde, stabilized Butylphenols, liquid Crotonic aldehyde, stabilized Butylphenols, solid Crotoxyphos 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol Cumene 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol Cupric arsenite para-tertiary-butyltoluene PP Cupric chloride Butyraldehyde PP Cupric cyanide PP Cadmium compounds PP Cupric sulfate Cadmium sulphide Cupriethylenediamine solution Calcium arsenate PP Cuprous chloride Calcium arsenate and calcium arsenite, mixtures, Cyanide mixtures solid Cyanide solutions Calcium cyanide Cyanides, inorganic, n.o.s. Calcium naphthenate Cyanogen bromide PP Camphechlor Cyanogen chloride, inhibited Camphor oil Cyanophos Carbaryl PP 1,5,9-Cyclododecatriene Carbendazim PP Cyhexatin Carbofuran PP Cymenes (o-;m-;p-) Carbon tetrabromide PP Cypermethrin Carbon tetrachloride 2,4-D PP Carbophenothion PP DDT Cartap hydrochloride normal-Decaldehyde PP Chlordane normal-Decanol Chlorfenvinphos Decyl acrylate PP Chlorinated paraffins (C-10 - C-13) Decycloxytetrahydrothiophene dioxide PP Chlorinated paraffins (C14±C17), with more than 1% DEF shorter chain length Di-allate Chlorine Di-n-Butyl phthalate Chlorine cyanide, inhibited PP Dialifos Chlormephos 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane Chloroacetone, stabilized PP Diazinon 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane 1,3-Dibromobenzene 2-Chloro-6-nitrotoluene PP Dichlofenthion 4-Chloro-2-nitrotoluene Dichloroanilines Chloro-ortho-nitrotoluene 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 2-Chloro-5-trifluoromethylnitrobenzene 1,2-Dichlorobenzene para-Chlorobenzyl chloride, liquid or solid 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Chlorodinitrobenzenes, liquid or solid Dichlorobenzene (meta; ortho; para) 1-Chloroheptane 2,2-Dichlorodiethyl ether 1-Chlorohexane Dichlorodimethyl ether, symmetrical Chloronitroanilines Di-(2-chloroethyl) ether Chloronitrotoluenes liquid 1,1-Dichloroethylene, inhibited Chloronitrotoluenes, solid 1,6-Dichlorohexane 1-Chlorooctane Dichlorophenols, liquid PP Chlorophenolates, liquid Dichlorophenols, solid PP Chlorophenolates, solid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (see also 2,4D) Chlorophenols, liquid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid diethanolamine salt Chlorophenols, solid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dimethylamine salt Chlorophenyltrichlorosilane 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid triisopropylamine salt alpha-Chloropropylene Dichlorophenyltrichlorosilane Chlorotoluenes (ortho-, meta-, para-) PP Dichlorvos 278 VerDate 15<DEC>99 10:04 Dec 21, 1999 Jkt 183197 PO 00000 Frm 00278 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\183197T.XXX pfrm03 PsN: 183197T Research and Special Programs Admin., DOT § 172.101 S.M.P. Marine Pollutant S.M.P. Marine Pollutant (1) (2) (1) (2) Dicrotophos 2-Ethylhexenal PP Dieldrin Fenaminphos Diethybenzenes (mixed isomers) PP Fenbutatin oxide Diisopropylbenzenes PP Fenitrothion Diisopropylnaphthalene PP Fenpropathrin PP Dimethoate Fensulfothion Dimethyl disulphide PP Fenthion Dimethyl glyoxal (butanedione) PP Fentin acetate Dimethyl sulphide PP Fentin hydroxide PP N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Propoxur United States Environmental Protection Agency
    United States Prevention, Pesticides EPA738-R-97-009 Environmental Protection And Toxic Substances August 1997 Agency (7508W) Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) PROPOXUR UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES CERTIFIED MAIL Dear Registrant: I am pleased to announce that the Environmental Protection Agency has completed its reregistration eligibility review and decisions on the pesticide chemical case propoxur. The enclosed Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) contains the Agency's evaluation of the data base of this chemical, its conclusions of the potential human health and environmental risks of the current product uses, and its decisions and conditions under which these uses and products will be eligible for reregistration. The RED includes the data and labeling requirements for products for reregistration. It may also include requirements for additional data (generic) on the active ingredient to confirm the risk assessments. To assist you with a proper response, read the enclosed document entitled "Summary of Instructions for Responding to the RED." This summary also refers to other enclosed documents which include further instructions. You must follow all instructions and submit complete and timely responses. The first set of required responses is due 90 days from the receipt of this letter. The second set of required responses is due 8 months from the date of receipt of this letter. Complete and timely responses will avoid the Agency taking the enforcement action of suspension against your products. If you have questions on the product specific data requirements or wish to meet with the Agency, please contact the Special Review and Reregistration Division representative Bonnie Adler (703) 308-8523.
    [Show full text]
  • US EPA Environmental Technology Verification Statement Removal of Chemical Contaminants in Drinking Water Watts Premier Inc
    THE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION PROGRAM U.S. Environmental Protection Agency NSF International ETV Joint Verification Statement TECHNOLOGY TYPE: POINT-OF-USE DRINKING WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM APPLICATION: REMOVAL OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER PRODUCT NAME: WATTS PREMIER WP-4V COMPANY: WATTS PREMIER, INC. ADDRESS: 1725 WEST WILLIAMS DR. SUITE C-20 PHOENIX, AZ 85027 PHONE: 800-752-5582 NSF International (NSF) manages the Drinking Water Systems (DWS) Center under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program. The DWS Center recently evaluated the performance of the Watts Premier WP-4V point-of-use (POU) drinking water treatment system. NSF performed all of the testing activities, and also authored the verification report and this verification statement. The verification report contains a comprehensive description of the test. EPA created the ETV Program to facilitate the deployment of innovative or improved environmental technologies through performance verification and dissemination of information. The goal of the ETV Program is to further environmental protection by accelerating the acceptance and use of improved and more cost-effective technologies. ETV seeks to achieve this goal by providing high-quality, peer- reviewed data on technology performance to those involved in the design, distribution, permitting, purchase, and use of environmental technologies. ETV works in partnership with recognized standards and testing organizations, stakeholder groups (consisting of buyers, vendor organizations, and permitters), and with the full participation of individual technology developers. The program evaluates the performance of innovative technologies by developing test plans that are responsive to the needs of stakeholders, conducting field or laboratory tests (as appropriate), collecting and analyzing data, and preparing peer reviewed reports.
    [Show full text]
  • Dimethoate 4EC Systemic Insecticide – Miticide ACTIVE INGREDIENT: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (Cont.) Dimethoate*
    GROUP 1B INSECTICIDE Dimethoate 4EC Systemic Insecticide – Miticide ACTIVE INGREDIENT: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (Cont.) Dimethoate* .......................................................... 43.5% Mixers, loaders, applicators, flaggers, and other handlers must OTHER INGREDIENTS: .......................................... 56.5% wear: Long-sleeved shirt and long pants, shoes plus socks, goggles TOTAL: .............................................................. 100.0% or face shield, chemical-resistant gloves, a NIOSH-approved * This product contains 4 pounds of dimethoate per gallon. dust/mist filtering respirator with MSHA/NIOSH approval number prefix TC-21C or a NIOSH-approved respirator with any N, R, P, or KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN HE filter, and chemical-resistant apron when mixing, loading, clean- ing up spills, or equipment. WARNING See Engineering Controls for additional requirements and excep- Si usted no entiende la etiqueta, busque a alguien para que se la ex- tions. plique a usted en detalle. (If you do not understand the label, find Follow manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If someone to explain it to you in detail.) no such instructions for washables exist, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. See FIRST AID Below Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been EPA Reg. No. 19713-231 Net Content: drenched or heavily contaminated with this product’s concentrate. EPA Est. No. 19713-GA-001 2.5 Gals. (9.46 L) Do not reuse them. ENGINEERING CONTROLS FIRST AID Mixers and loaders supporting aerial application to alfalfa, cotton, IF SWALLOWED: soybeans, corn, safflower, sorghum, and wheat, must use a closed • Call a poison control center or doctor immediately for treatment system that meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protections advice.
    [Show full text]
  • Emerging Technologies for Degradation of Dichlorvos: a Review
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Emerging Technologies for Degradation of Dichlorvos: A Review Yuming Zhang 1,2, Wenping Zhang 1,2, Jiayi Li 1,2, Shimei Pang 1,2, Sandhya Mishra 1,2 , Pankaj Bhatt 1,2 , Daxing Zeng 3,* and Shaohua Chen 1,2,* 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (W.Z.); [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (P.B.) 2 Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China 3 School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.Z.); [email protected] (S.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8528 8229 (S.C.) Abstract: Dichlorvos (O,O-dimethyl O-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate, DDVP) is a widely acknowl- edged broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide and acaracide. This pesticide has been used for more than four decades and is still in strong demand in many developing countries. Extensive application of DDVP in agriculture has caused severe hazardous impacts on living systems. The International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization considered DDVP among the list of 2B carcinogens, which means a certain extent of cancer risk. Hence, removing DDVP from the environment has attracted worldwide attention. Many studies have tested the removal of DDVP using different kinds of physicochemical methods including gas phase surface discharge plasma, physical adsorption, hydrodynamic cavitation, and nanoparticles.
    [Show full text]
  • Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils
    Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils V. I. Babushok,a) P. J. Linstrom, and I. G. Zenkevichb) National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA (Received 1 August 2011; accepted 27 September 2011; published online 29 November 2011) Gas chromatographic retention indices were evaluated for 505 frequently reported plant essential oil components using a large retention index database. Retention data are presented for three types of commonly used stationary phases: dimethyl silicone (nonpolar), dimethyl sili- cone with 5% phenyl groups (slightly polar), and polyethylene glycol (polar) stationary phases. The evaluations are based on the treatment of multiple measurements with the number of data records ranging from about 5 to 800 per compound. Data analysis was limited to temperature programmed conditions. The data reported include the average and median values of retention index with standard deviations and confidence intervals. VC 2011 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi:10.1063/1.3653552] Key words: essential oils; gas chromatography; Kova´ts indices; linear indices; retention indices; identification; flavor; olfaction. CONTENTS 1. Introduction The practical applications of plant essential oils are very 1. Introduction................................ 1 diverse. They are used for the production of food, drugs, per- fumes, aromatherapy, and many other applications.1–4 The 2. Retention Indices ........................... 2 need for identification of essential oil components ranges 3. Retention Data Presentation and Discussion . 2 from product quality control to basic research. The identifi- 4. Summary.................................. 45 cation of unknown compounds remains a complex problem, in spite of great progress made in analytical techniques over 5.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) (11) 3,855,105 Diveley (45) Dec
    United States Patent (19) (11) 3,855,105 Diveley (45) Dec. 17, 1974 54 THOPHOSPHORYLATING ASATURATED 3,284,540 1 1/1966 D'Alelio.............................. 260/869 HYDROCARBON GROUP 75 Inventor: William R. Diveley, Oakwood Hills, Primary Examiner-Benjamin R. Padgett Del. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-George H. Hopkins 73 Assignee: Hercules incorporated, Wilmington, (57) ABSTRACT Del. Disclosed is a process for making certain organo thio 22) Filed: June 16, 1969 phosphates and dithiophosphates, a number of which 21 ) Appl. No.: 833,741 have utility as insecticides. The process comprises ef fecting by free radical catalysis at about 0-150°C. re Related U.S. Application Data action of an organic compound characterized by a sat (63) Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 514,652, Dec. 17, urated carbon with at least one hydrogen replaceable 1965, abandoned. under free radical conditions, and halo-thiophosphate of the formula: 52 U.S. C. ..... 204/162 R, 204/158 R, 260/329 R, 260/329 P, 260/340.6, 260/347.2, 260/958, 7, OR . 1 / 260/963, 260/971 X-S-P (51) Int. Cl................................................ B01j 1/10 N 58 Field of Search ............ 204/162, 158; 260/329, OR 260/340.6, 347.2,958, 963,971 wherein X is a halo radical, Z is selected from the (56) References Cited group consisting of the oxo and thioxo radicals, and R UNITED STATES PATENTS and R' are organic radicals. 3,256,370 6/1966 Fitch et al........................... 260/972 24 Claims, No Drawings 3,855, 105 2 THIOPHOSPHORYLATING ASATURATED rated carbons, each of which has one or more hydrogen HYDROCARBON GROUP radicals replaceable under free radical conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Carbamate Pesticides Aldicarb Aldicarb Sulfoxide Aldicarb Sulfone
    Connecticut General Statutes Sec 19a-29a requires the Commissioner of Public Health to annually publish a list setting forth all analytes and matrices for which certification for testing is required. Connecticut ELCP Drinking Water Analytes Revised 05/31/2018 Microbiology Total Coliforms Fecal Coliforms/ E. Coli Carbamate Pesticides Legionella Aldicarb Cryptosporidium Aldicarb Sulfoxide Giardia Aldicarb Sulfone Carbaryl Physicals Carbofuran Turbidity 3-Hydroxycarbofuran pH Methomyl Conductivity Oxamyl (Vydate) Minerals Chlorinated Herbicides Alkalinity, as CaCO3 2,4-D Bromide Dalapon Chloride Dicamba Chlorine, free residual Dinoseb Chlorine, total residual Endothall Fluoride Picloram Hardness, Calcium as Pentachlorophenol CaCO3 Hardness, Total as CaCO3 Silica Chlorinated Pesticides/PCB's Sulfate Aldrin Chlordane (Technical) Nutrients Dieldrin Endrin Ammonia Heptachlor Nitrate Heptachlor Epoxide Nitrite Lindane (gamma-BHC) o-Phosphate Metolachlor Total Phosphorus Methoxychlor PCB's (individual aroclors) Note 1 PCB's (as decachlorobiphenyl) Note 1 Demands Toxaphene TOC Nitrogen-Phosphorus Compounds Alachlor Metals Atrazine Aluminum Butachlor Antimony Diquat Arsenic Glyphosate Barium Metribuzin Beryllium Paraquat Boron Propachlor Cadmium Simazine Calcium Chromium Copper SVOC's Iron Benzo(a)pyrene Lead bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Magnesium bis-(ethylhexyl)adipate Manganese Hexachlorobenzene Mercury Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Molybdenum Nickel Potassium Miscellaneous Organics Selenium Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) Silver Ethylene Dibromide (EDB)
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of the Residual Efficacy of Carbamate and Organophosphate
    Yewhalaw et al. Malar J (2017) 16:471 DOI 10.1186/s12936-017-2122-3 Malaria Journal RESEARCH Open Access Determination of the residual efcacy of carbamate and organophosphate insecticides used for indoor residual spraying for malaria control in Ethiopia Delenasaw Yewhalaw1,2†, Meshesha Balkew3†, Josephat Shililu4, Sultan Suleman5, Alemayehu Getachew4, Gedeon Ashenbo4, Sheleme Chibsa6, Gunawardena Dissanayake6, Kristen George7, Dereje Dengela8, Yemane Ye‑Ebiyo4 and Seth R. Irish9* Abstract Background: Indoor residual spraying is one of the key vector control interventions for malaria control in Ethiopia. As malaria transmission is seasonal in most parts of Ethiopia, a single round of spraying can usually provide efective protection against malaria, provided the insecticide remains efective over the entire malaria transmission season. This experiment was designed to evaluate the residual efcacy of bendiocarb, pirimiphos-methyl, and two doses of pro‑ poxur on four diferent wall surfaces (rough mud, smooth mud, dung, and paint). Filter papers afxed to wall surfaces prior to spraying were analyzed to determine the actual concentration applied. Cone bioassays using a susceptible Anopheles arabiensis strain were done monthly to determine the time for which insecticides were efective in killing mosquitoes. Results: The mean insecticide dosage of bendiocarb applied to walls was 486 mg/m2 (target 400/mg). This treat‑ ment lasted 1 month or less on rough mud, smooth mud, and dung, but 4 months on painted surfaces. Pirimiphos- methyl was applied at 1854 mg/m2 (target 1000 mg/m2), and lasted between 4 and 6 months on all wall surfaces. Propoxur with a target dose of 1000 mg/m2 was applied at 320 mg/m2, and lasted 2 months or less on all surfaces, except painted surfaces (4 months).
    [Show full text]
  • Teratogenicity and Embryotoxicity of Organophosphorus Compounds in Animal Models - a Short Review
    Mil. Med. Sci. Lett. (Voj. Zdrav. Listy) 2012, vol. 81(1), p. 16-26 ISSN 0372-7025 DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2012.003 REVIEW ARTICLE TERATOGENICITY AND EMBRYOTOXICITY OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN ANIMAL MODELS - A SHORT REVIEW Syed M Nurulain and M Shafiullah Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, AlAin, UAE. P.O.Box 17666, Alain, UAE Received 9 th December 2011. Revised 12 th February 2012. Published 9 th March 2012. Summary Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are a wide group of compounds both structurally and functionally. Each OPC has a unique toxicological profile. The exposure to this type of poison is not limited only to certain occupationally exposed people but also to children, women, pregnant women; all have chances to be exposed to this poison. During the recent past years it has been reported in many poison epidemiological studies and case reports that exposure of OPCs during pregnancy caused malformed fetuses, neural tube defect (NTD) and shortening of pregnancy. The literature for animal models reveals inconclusive evidence. The generalized view is that they are neither teratogenic nor embryotoxic. But it is not true. There is a lack of systematic study and scarcity of reports on the topic. The present study was undertaken to investigate the teratogenicity induced by organophosphorus compounds in different animal models by literature review. Literature was searched by Toxicology Data NetWork (TOXNET), Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Database (DART), Toxicology Literature Online (TOXLINE), Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), Pubmed Central, Entrez-Pubmed, Science Direct, Directory Of Open Access Journal (DOAJ), Google Scholar and International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS-INCHEM), Embase.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Properties of Chemicals Volume 2
    1 t ENVIRONMENTAL 1 PROTECTION Esa Nikunen . Riitta Leinonen Birgit Kemiläinen • Arto Kultamaa Environmental properties of chemicals Volume 2 1 O O O O O O O O OO O OOOOOO Ol OIOOO FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE • EDITA Esa Nikunen e Riitta Leinonen Birgit Kemiläinen • Arto Kultamaa Environmental properties of chemicals Volume 2 HELSINKI 1000 OlO 00000001 00000000000000000 Th/s is a second revfsed version of Environmental Properties of Chemica/s, published by VAPK-Pub/ishing and Ministry of Environment, Environmental Protection Department as Research Report 91, 1990. The pubiication is also available as a CD ROM version: EnviChem 2.0, a PC database runniny under Windows operating systems. ISBN 951-7-2967-2 (publisher) ISBN 952-7 1-0670-0 (co-publisher) ISSN 1238-8602 Layout: Pikseri Julkaisupalvelut Cover illustration: Jussi Hirvi Edita Ltd. Helsinki 2000 Environmental properties of chemicals Volume 2 _____ _____________________________________________________ Contents . VOLUME ONE 1 Contents of the report 2 Environmental properties of chemicals 3 Abbreviations and explanations 7 3.1 Ways of exposure 7 3.2 Exposed species 7 3.3 Fffects________________________________ 7 3.4 Length of exposure 7 3.5 Odour thresholds 8 3.6 Toxicity endpoints 9 3.7 Other abbreviations 9 4 Listofexposedspecies 10 4.1 Mammais 10 4.2 Plants 13 4.3 Birds 14 4.4 Insects 17 4.5 Fishes 1$ 4.6 Mollusca 22 4.7 Crustaceans 23 4.8 Algae 24 4.9 Others 25 5 References 27 Index 1 List of chemicals in alphabetical order - 169 Index II List of chemicals in CAS-number order
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroactive Insecticides: Targets, Selectivity, Resistance, and Secondary Effects
    EN58CH06-Casida ARI 5 December 2012 8:11 Neuroactive Insecticides: Targets, Selectivity, Resistance, and Secondary Effects John E. Casida1,∗ and Kathleen A. Durkin2 1Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, 2Molecular Graphics and Computational Facility, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; email: [email protected], [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2013. 58:99–117 Keywords The Annual Review of Entomology is online at acetylcholinesterase, calcium channels, GABAA receptor, nicotinic ento.annualreviews.org receptor, secondary targets, sodium channel This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153645 Abstract Copyright c 2013 by Annual Reviews. Neuroactive insecticides are the principal means of protecting crops, people, All rights reserved livestock, and pets from pest insect attack and disease transmission. Cur- ∗ Corresponding author rently, the four major nerve targets are acetylcholinesterase for organophos- phates and methylcarbamates, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor for neonicotinoids, the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor/chloride channel for by Public Health Information Access Project on 04/29/14. For personal use only. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2013.58:99-117. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org polychlorocyclohexanes and fiproles, and the voltage-gated sodium channel for pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Species selectivity and acquired resistance are attributable in part to structural differences in binding subsites, receptor subunit interfaces, or transmembrane regions. Additional targets are sites in the sodium channel (indoxacarb and metaflumizone), the glutamate-gated chloride channel (avermectins), the octopamine receptor (amitraz metabolite), and the calcium-activated calcium channel (diamides). Secondary toxic effects in mammals from off-target serine hydrolase inhibi- tion include organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy and disruption of the cannabinoid system.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida State Emergency Response Commission
    Florida State Emergency Response Commission Sub-Committee on Training (SOT) HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MEDICAL TREATMENT PROTOCOLS Version 3.3 TOXIDROMES Toxidromes are clinical syndromes that the patient presents with. These patterns of signs and symptoms are essential for the successful recognition of chemical exposure. The toxidromes identified in this protocol are chemical exposure based while others such as the opioids are found within general medical protocol. These chemical toxidromes are identified clinically into five syndromes: Irritant Gas Toxidrome Asphyxiant Toxidrome Corrosive Toxidrome Hydrocarbon and Halogenated Hydrocarbons Toxidrome Cholinergic Toxidrome Each can present as a clinical manifestation of the chemical/poisoning involved with some cross-over between toxidromes. This list combines the toxic syndromes found within NFPA 473 (A.5.4.1(2) and traditional syndromes. Toxidrome Correlation to NFPA Standard 473 and Traditional Syndromes Toxidrome NFPA 473 A.5.4.1(2) Hazardous Materials Protocol Correlation Irritant Gas (j) Irritants Bronchospasm OC Pepper spray & lacrimants Asphyxiant (c) Chemical asphyxiants Carbon Monoxide (d) Simple asphyxiants Aniline dyes, Nitriles, Nitrares (h) Blood Agents Cyanide & Hydrogen Sulfide (n) Nitrogen Compounds Closed Space Fires Simple Asphyxants Corrosive (a) Corrosives Hydrofluroic Acid (g) Vesicants Chemical burns to the eye Choramine and Chlorine Hydrocarbon (e) Organic solvents Phenol and (q) Phenolic Compounds Halogenated Hydrocarbons Halogenated Hydrocarbons Cholinergic (b) Pesticides
    [Show full text]