At ASI, scientists are engaged in research born of the Budget Budget ASI’s budget revenue comes from government subsidies for operating costs and external individual’s creative ideas as well as integrated, collaborative funding such as grants-in-aid. While government subsidies total around 6.7 billion yen (FY 2011), external Research covering all of the natural sciences funds account for a significant portion at roughly 5 billion yen (FY 2010). Research initiated with the research that transcends disciplinary, organizational and Personnel creative ideas of individual researchers is primarily paid for with external funding. national boundaries. This vigorous activity is giving birth Personnel ASI has about 700 fulltime scientists conducting research. This is roughly 24% of the and transcending disciplinary, to new research seeds and whole new research fields. The total number of fulltime RIKEN staff and makes ASI the largest organization within RIKEN in terms of following is just a small sampling. manpower. The number increases to about 2,000 when visiting scientists, assistants and students are organizational and national boundaries included. Advanced Funding from the government (FY2011) External budget (FY2010) Personnel (as of April 1, 2011) Science Atomic Physics Terahertz Quantum Advanced science research Non-competitive funds Competitive funds Cellular Dynamics Nucleic Acid Tenured Private and Others Grant-in-Aid Laboratory Device Team Chemical biology Full-time Laboratory Chemistry Laboratory employee cost (KAKENHI) Student research Research Staff 346 Trainees Distinguished Senior Scientist Team Leader (including PIs) Institute Chief Scientist Associate Chief Scientist 775 Emergent 401 685 materials 1,393 (76) Yasunori Hideki 2,315 research Naoko Akimitsu 1,611 758 Yamazaki Hirayama Extreme 4,983 Imamoto Okamoto 6,711 2090 million yen photonics million yen http://www.asi.riken.jp/ research 688 Basic 840 Why is there only matter in the universe? 203 Revealing a mechanism of 440 200 science 801 Deep-UV LED promises varied applications, 1,139 Using chemicals Creating very low-temperature antihydrogen 1,189 research nuclear pore complex formation including sterilization, cleaning of water, Advanced technology to examine changing DNA, and examining its properties sheds Environmental Assistants to better understand the regulation of support research Visiting Research Staff degradation of pollutants and energy Green-forefront NIBIO (National Institute of JST (Japan Science and RNA has promise in medical industry some light on the mystery science research materials research Research promotion Biomedical Innovation) Grant Technology Agency) Grant nuclear functions

It is believed that matter and antimatter were produced With their low power consumption and durability, the use The nuclei of cells, which contain an organism’s genetic The Nucleic Acid Chemistry Laboratory develops in equal amounts when the universe was born 13.7 of LEDs for lighting is spreading rapidly. Now attention information, are the targets of the Cellular Dynamics technologies for real-time visualization of DNA and billion years ago. However, the universe now contains is focused on short-wavelength ultraviolet light. Deep- RIKEN Headquarters Laboratory. The surface of a cell nucleus has about 3,000 RNA in living cells. One is based on the photochemical only matter. In the Atomic Physics Laboratory, researchers UV light of wavelengths 220~350nm has a bactericidal Facilities pores each about 100nm in diameter. Various molecules phenomenon known as exciton interaction. Artificial have succeeded in creating antihydrogen. By analysing effect. If small, highly efficient and long lasting deep- Wako Institute such as RNAs, proteins and ions migrate between the DNA with complementary base sequences, which bind this antihydrogen, they hope to understand why the UV LEDs can be developed, they could have applications Advanced Science Institute nucleus and cytoplasm through these pores, each of to the RNA to be investigated, arrange two fluorescent antimatter disappeared. in water purifiers, air cleaners, pollution treatment and Brain Science Institute which consists of large protein complexes assembled from dyes in parallel layers. When the artificial DNA meets the The team has created very low-temperature medicine. The race to develop them is intense, and the Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science various proteins. While the molecular components and target RNA and binds to it, the fluorescent dyes separate antihydrogen by mixing antiprotons and positrons gently front-runner in this competition is the Terahertz Quantum the structures of nuclear pore complexes are understood and light up. Around twenty colors of fluorescent dyes in a magnetic bottle. They now plan to investigate the Device Team. in detail, just how these nuclear pore complexes form on have been developed, making it possible to track several antihydrogen’s properties by irradiating it with a laser An LED’s performance is determined by external Sendai facility the nuclear surface remains a mystery. RNA changes simultaneously. This technology is already Nagoya facility and examining it through spectroscopy. They have also quantum efficiency calculated by multiplying internal Terahertz-wave Research Group, ASI In the lab, researchers are solving this mystery with being used with the SmartAmp2 method developed by RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center succeeded in making low-temperature antihydrogen quantum efficiency, electron injection efficiency and light for Human-Interactive Robot Research, ASI experimental techniques they developed to allow them the RIKEN’s Omics Science Center, which allows detection efficiently by using a unique device, a cusp trap, with extraction efficiency, and output. The team has developed to visualize the formation of the nuclear pore complex. of differences in a single nucleotide in a DNA molecule. special electric and magnetic fields. They are preparing a new crystal growth method that has improved internal They found that the formation of nuclear pore complexes Another technique is the ICON method, also developed to create an antihydrogen beam and examine it through quantum efficiency to 80% from the previous less than Tsukuba Institute initiate when cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), cell by the lab. When a methyl group sticks to a cytosine microwave spectroscopy. 1%. In addition, electron injection efficiency rose to 80% Harima Institute Molecular Genetics Laboratory, ASI cycle engines, send signals for the processes to begin. base, DNA expression is suppressed; the location and If a difference between hydrogen and antihydrogen from 20% through the use of a multiquantum barrier, SPring-8 Center BioResource Center Collaboration with other research groups contributed to amount of abnormal DNA methylation are factors in the is found, the Standard Model, the entire foundation of and light extraction efficiency improved to 12% from Itabashi Branch this research, including image processing technologies development of cancer and in aging. Finding one methyl physics, should be reconsidered. 8% with a highly reflective electrode. External quantum developed by the RIKEN Innovation Center’s VCAD group among more than 60 billion bases in a DNA The lab has also developed a proprietary microbeam efficiency at 270nm is 3.8% and output is 30 mW or Yokohama Institute System Research Program, and cryo-scanning electron molecule is difficult, but using osmium as an adhesive technique using a tapered glass tube, enabling pinpoint more, both of these world-leading figures. The team is microscopy techniques developed by the Brain Science between the artificial DNA and the target area makes it Plant Science Center radiation at an arbitrary point in a living cell. This has working to achieve a light extraction efficiency of 50% Center for Genomic Medicine Institute’s Support Unit for Neuromorphological Analysis. possible. attracted attention as an approach for studying the and an external quantum efficiency of 30%. Kobe Institute Research Center for Allergy and Immunology The lab is now exploring the target molecules of CDKs. Combining organic chemistry, photochemistry and Research Cluster Omics Science Center effects of radiation on various parts of the cell. The team is also working on semiconductor lasers that for Innovation Center for Developmental Biology Systems and Structural Biology Center Revealing this will greatly advance understanding of the biology, the lab establishes easy-to-use technologies to emit long-wavelength terahertz light. If semiconductors Center for Molecular Imaging Science Bioinformatics And Systems Engineering division mechanism of nuclear pore complex formation. visualize RNA as it changes. Innovation Center Quantitative Biology Center Center of Research Network for Infectious Diseases that emit extreme wavelengths can be found, they are Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms HPCI Program for Computational Life Sciences Sextupole Biomass Engineering Program Magnet sure to impact both light science and industry. Computational Science Research Program Advanced Institute for Computational Science - P

The nuclei of an acceptor e+ Contact Us cell (blue: histone) and a (In the Nagoya Science Park Research and Development Center) donor cell (yellow: nuclear Microwave Antihydrogen pore complexes) in a Wako Institute Nagoya facility 2271-130, Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-0003, Japan Cavity Detector In this deep-UV LED, Advanced Research Promotion Division Nagoya Research Promotion Office heterokaryon obtained Cusp Trap UV and visible light TEL +81-(0)52-736-5850 FAX +81-(0)52-736-5854 by the cell-fusion method; are being emitted at 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan yellow spots appearing on Antiprotons are united with positrons near the center of the cusp trap and the same time; the 519-1399, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan the acceptor cell nucleus TEL +81-(0)48-462-1111 FAX +81-(0)48-462-4608 Sendai facility very low-temperature antihydrogen atoms are synthesized for study using in UV is invisible and the Sendai Research Promotion Office TEL +81-(0)22-228-2111 FAX +81-(0)22-228-2122 show newly formed Artificial DNA marked with red in cervical cancer cell nuclei turns green microwave spectroscopy. visible light is blue. E-mail [email protected] nuclear pore complexes. under a red laser (the cell on the right ).

October 2011 No.2 The RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, the Source of RIKEN’s Vitality RIKEN

Strategic Research Centers Research Infrastructure Centers Brain Science Institute Advanced Science Institute Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science Organization Plant Science Center Kohei Tamao, Director BioResource Center Center for Genomic Medicine SPring-8 Center Research Center for Allergy and Immunology Omics Science Center New seeds with the potential to grow into developments should be cultivated into Center for Developmental Biology Systems and Structural Biology Center Laboratories and Research Units are working to discover, Theoretical Biology Laboratory Atsushi Mochizuki RIKEN is Japan’s only fully Cultivating new fields of research are constantly being new collaborative projects in basic science Center for Molecular Imaging Science Advanced Institute for Computational Science creative ideas to grow the seeds for new areas of research. Cellular Informatics Laboratory Yasushi Sako created. A very important task is deciding interdisciplinary research projects. It is the comprehensive research institution new research Quantitative Biology Center Molecular Genetics Laboratory Shunsuke Ishii which seeds to cultivate and deciding which researchers themselves who decide which for the natural sciences. seeds of them have the potential to develop into research seeds should be developed into full- Laboratories Cellular Memory Laboratory Yoichi Shinkai strategic fields of research of national as well fledged research departments. And because Genome Science Laboratory Yoshihide Hayashizaki Computational Astrophysics Laboratory Toshikazu Ebisuzaki Since its establishment as the RIKEN Foundation in 1917, we as scientific and technological importance. they are at the forefront of science, their Research Departments are pursuing strategic research projects Exploratory Materials Team Yasujiro Taguchi Computational Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory Seiji Yunoki have been active for more than 90 years in a multitude of Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics Laboratory Toshiyuki Azuma The Source of ASI has the systems in place for determining appraisal is rigorous and the rate of success to foster the development of new research seeds. ¡Nanoscience Joint Laboratory Hidenori Takagi Metamaterials Laboratory Takuo Tanaka fields encompassing physics, engineering, chemistry, and life in a bottom-up fashion which laboratory is high. Condensed Matter Theory Laboratory Akira Furusaki Nanoscience Development and Support Team Hikota Akimoto Surface and Interface Science Laboratory Yousoo Kim RIKEN’s Vitality and medical sciences, ranging from basic research to practical Magnetic Materials Laboratory Hidenori Takagi Departments Nucleic Acid Chemistry Laboratory Akimitsu Okamoto application. Low Temperature Physics Laboratory Kimitoshi Kono RIKEN has three missions: Building the foundations for new Green-forefront Materials Department Kohei Tamao Theoretical Biochemistry Laboratory Yuji Sugita Chemical Biology Department Hiroyuki Osada Quantum Metrology Laboratory Hidetoshi Katori technologies, expanding the frontiers of human knowledge, ¡Complex Electrons and Functional Materials Research Group Hidenori Takagi RNA Biology Laboratory Shinichi Nakagawa and applying its knowledge toward applications having ¡Chemical Biology Core Facility Hiroyuki Osada Laser Technology Laboratory Katsumi Midorikawa Inorganic Complex Electron Systems Research Team Hidenori Takagi Atomic Physics Laboratory Yasunori Yamazaki practical and societal value. To achieve these objectives, there Collaboration Promotion Team Tamio Saito Nanophotonics Laboratory Satoshi Kawata Organic Complex Electron Systems Research Team Reizo Kato is close collaboration among three groups within RIKEN. The Cheminformatics and Compound Creation Team Shunji Takahashi Materials Fabrication Laboratory Hitoshi Ohmori first is a core group consisting of departments and laboratories Bringing research seeds to Nano-structured Complex Electron Systems Research Team Yousoo Kim Chemical Library Validation Team Nobumoto Watanabe Advanced Device Laboratory Koji Ishibashi of the RIKEN Advanced Science Institute (ASI) where novel Special Research Units ¡Functional Soft Matter Research Group Takuzo Aida Bioengineering Laboratory Mizuo Maeda fields of research are being developed to accelerate progress in bloom Molecular Characterization Team Hiroyuki Koshino Functional Elemento-Organic Chemistry Unit Kohei Tamao Energy Conversion Research Team Takanori Fukushima Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory Yoshihiro Ito science and technology. Next are the strategic research centers as new research cores Biomolecular Characterization Team Naoshi Dohmae Viral Infectious Diseases Unit Yoko Aida that promote high priority projects of national or societal Bioinspired Material Research Team Yasuhiro Ishida Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory Tahei Tahara Chemical Bank Unit for Drug Discovery Platform Tamio Saito Molecular & Informative Life Science Unit Yoshihito Osada importance, and finally the research infrastructure centers that Photoelectric Conversion Research Team Takuzo Aida The ASI’s research groups and teams have RIKEN-KRIBB Joint Research Team Hiroyuki Osada Condensed Molecular Materials Laboratory Reizo Kato maintain and manage world-class facilities and equipment. Cellular & Molecular Biology Unit Takehiko Shibata ¡Advanced Synthesis Research Group Zhaomin Hou Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory Zhaomin Hou novel names with special terms such as RIKEN-USM Joint Research Team Hiroyuki Osada Optical Green Technology Research Unit Satoshi Wada ASI is RIKEN’s core organization. cross-correlated materials and extreme Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory Mikiko Sodeoka ¡Chemical Genomics Research Group Minoru Yoshida Advanced Catalyst Research Team Zhaomin Hou photonics. These names represent new Surface Chemistry Laboratory Kimitoshi Kono Molecular Ligand Discovery Research Team Minoru Yoshida Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team Masanobu Uchiyama The strategic research centers and the research infrastructure research domains that have been carefully Green Nanocatalysis Research Team Yasuhiro Uozumi Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory Yukishige Ito Initiative Research Units Discovering new research centers have names that indicate their focus, such as brain cultivated from the seeds of basic research. Molecular Ligand Synthesis Research Team Mikiko Sodeoka Antibiotics Laboratory Hiroyuki Osada science, plant science, developmental biology, accelerator For example, RIKEN Brain Science Institute is Molecular Ligand Target Research Team Charles M. Boone Yu Initiative Research Unit Hsiao-hua Yu Extreme Photonics Department Katsumi Midorikawa Cellular Dynamics Laboratory Naoko Imamoto seeds science, bioresources, and the like. The name of the RIKEN the result of just such a project in leading- Molecular Ligand Biology Research Team Soichi Kojima Zhang Initiative Research Unit Kam Zhang Advanced Science Institute or ASI, on the other hand, is edge research that was spun off from what Chromosome Dynamics Laboratory Tatsuya Hirano Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform Minoru Yoshida ¡Extreme Photonics Research Group Katsumi Midorikawa not so self-evident. This is because ASI is the only research was formerly known as the Frontier Research Throughout its history RIKEN has been Intense Attosecond Pulse Research Team Katsumi Midorikawa Chemical Genetics Laboratory Minoru Yoshida organization within RIKEN that engages in diverse basic System to become an independent center. ¡Systems Glycobiology Research Group Naoyuki Taniguchi lauded as “a paradise for scientists,” a Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team Akihiko Nakano Molecular Entomology Laboratory Shogo Matsumoto Initiative Research Units (Intl.) place where individual creativity is actively research covering all disciplines of the natural sciences to Likewise, a number of former Chief Scientist Disease Glycomics Team Naoyuki Taniguchi Ultrafast Molecular Manipulation Research Team Tahei Tahara Lipid Biology Laboratory Toshihide Kobayashi Heddle Initiative Research Unit Jonathan G. Heddle encouraged, leading to a wide range of cultivate new research seeds and foster their development into laboratories have evolved over time into Glycometabolome Team Tadashi Suzuki new research areas and later into new research centers. the RIKEN Plant Science Center, the RIKEN Near-field NanoPhotonics Research Team Satoshi Kawata Molecular Membrane Biology Laboratory Akihiko Nakano Byon Initiative Research Unit Hye Ryung Byon important achievements. ASI has inherited Structural Glycobiology Team Yoshiki Yamaguchi this tradition and as such is viewed as the Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science Molecular Reaction Dynamics Research Team Toshinori Suzuki and numerous other strategic research Glycan Recognition Team Takashi Angata core of RIKEN. In the ASI’s Chief Scientist ¡Terahertz-wave Research Group Katsumi Midorikawa laboratories, scientists continue to work in centers and research infrastructure centers. ¡RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center Hiroyuki Osada Tera-photonics Team Hiroaki Minamide diverse areas of basic research to produce ASI has been charged with continuing this Bioprobe Application Team Hiroyuki Osada trend by developing more strategic research Terahertz Sensing and Imaging Team Chiko Otani new seeds of research, applying their Disease Glycoprobe Team Naoyuki Taniguchi creative ideas without being constrained by centers and research infrastructure centers Terahertz Quantum Device Team Hideki Hirayama Corporate and International Relations Division is promoting ¡Institutional Alliances Group Yoshihito Osada that may later grow into new research cores conventional boundaries of discipline. Emergent Materials Department Yoshinori Tokura collaboration in the following four areas: with international partners, RIKEN-RIES, Hokkaido Univ. Joint Research Team Yoshihito Osada of global scientific endeavor. with universities and research institutions, with partners inside RIKEN-XJTU Joint Research Team Kuniaki Kawabata ¡Nano-scale Science & Technology Research Group Mizuo Maeda FIRST Program is providing support for advanced research RIKEN and with private industry. Advanced Technology Support Electronic Functions at Nano-scale Level Research Team Yousoo Kim ¡Coordinated Space Observation and Experiment Research Group Kazuo Makishima to enhance our international competitiveness and return to Division is providing support to meet the diverse needs of research. MAXI Team Kazuo Makishima Transcending Nano-functional Photonics Research Team Satoshi Kawata society the benefits of our research and development. Functional Nano-spin Research Team Koji Ishibashi Divisions EUSO Team Marco Casolino and Nano Bio-functional Molecular Systems Research Team Mizuo Maeda Kibo In-cabin Research Team Akihiko Nakano disciplinary, organizational FIRST Program Corporate & International Relations Division Masahiko Hara RIKEN conducts research in nearly every ¡Single Quantum Dynamics Research Group Akira Tonomura The source of ¡Correlated Electron Research Group Yoshinori Tokura Advanced Technology Support Division Akitake Makinouchi national boundaries field of the natural sciences, and it is ASI ¡RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research Shigeyuki Hosoe Digital Materials Team Franco Nori Strong-Correlation Physics Research Team Yoshinori Tokura that makes possible such great variation on Advanced Manufacturing Team Yutaka Yamagata Macroscopic Quantum Coherence Team Jaw-Shen Tsai Robot Control Research Team Yoshikazu Hayakawa Integrated collaborative endeavors among strategic research centers and research RIKEN’s such a broad scale. ASI is truly the source of Strong-Correlation Theory Research Team Naoto Nagaosa Robot Sensor Systems Research Team Toshiharu Mukai Materials Characterization Team Yoshio Sakaguchi different fields of research are indispensable infrastructure centers within RIKEN, but RIKEN’s vitality. ASI is also central to RIKEN’s Quantum Nano-Scale Magnetics Team Yoshichika Otani Strong-Correlation Interfacial Device Research Team Masashi Kawasaki vitality Robot Motion Research Team Ryojun Ikeura Ultra High Precision Fabrication Team Yutaka Yamagata in nurturing the tiny seeds of individual also to promote collaborations with contributions to the crafting of national Quantum Phenomena Observation Technology Team Akira Tonomura Strong-Correlation Materials Research Team Yasujiro Taguchi research so that they will blossom into new both domestic and international centers science and technology policy. Finally, as Robot Implementation Research Team Shijie Guo Bio-research Infrastructure Construction Team Hideo Yokota ¡Cross-Correlated Materials Research Group Yoshinori Tokura Strong-Correlation Hybrid Materials Research Team Yoshihiro Iwasa research domains. There are no national of research, as well as universities and RIKEN’s core institute, ASI works vigorously Theoretical Design Team Naoto Nagaosa ¡RIKEN-HYU Collaboration Research Center Masahiko Hara borders in science. ASI takes full advantage corporations, to carry out large-scale research to encourage the free global exchange of Strong-Correlation Quantum Transport Research Team Harold Y. Hwang of RIKEN’s resources as a comprehensive reaching across diverse fields. researchers and thereby secure RIKEN’s place Functional Superstructure Team Masashi Kawasaki Strong-Correlation Research Support Team Izumi Hirabayashi Flucto-Order Functions Research Team Masahiko Hara research institution not only to develop in the international scientific community.