For Project X muSR forum at Fermilab Oct 17th-19th,2012
J-PARC MLF MUSE muon beams
J-PARC MLF Muon Section/KEK IMSS Yasuhiro Miyake
N D-Line In operation N U-Line Commissioning started! N S-Line Partially constructed! N H-Line Partially constructed! Proton Beam Transport from 3GeV RCS to MLF� On the way, towards neutron source� Graphite Muon Target! G-2, DeeMe Mu-Hf
Super Highexperiments Resolution Powder etc. H-LineDiffractometer (SHRPD) – KEK are planned 100 m LineBL8� NOBORU - IBARAKI Biological S-Line JAEA BL4� Crystal Diffractometer Nuclear Data - Hokkaido Univ.
High Resolution Chopper 4d Space Access Neutron Spectrometer Spectrometer(4SEASONS) Muon Target Grant - in - Aid for Specially Promoted Research, MEXT,
Neutron Target U-Line HI - SANS Versatile High Intensity (JAEA) Total Diffractometer(KEK /NEDO) D-Line &9&$3/-&3&1 (KEK)
Cold Neutron Double Chopper Spectrometer IBARAKI Materials Design (CNDCS) - JAEA Diffractometer 30 m Muon
Engineering Materials and Life Science Facility (MLF) for Muon & NeutronDiffractometer - JAEA Edge-cooling Rotating Graphite Graphite Fixed Target Target From January 2014! At Present! Will be changed in Summer 2013! Inves�gated during shut-‐down!
Fixed Target Rota�ng Target S-Line H-Line
Surface µ+(30 MeV/c) Surface µ+ For HF, g-2 exp. For material sciences e- up to 120 MeV/c For DeeMe µ- up to 120 MeV/c For µCF
Muon Target U-Line D-Line
Ultra Slow µ+(0.05-30keV) Surface µ+(30 MeV/c) For multi-layered thin Decay µ+/µ-(up to 120 MeV/c) foils, nano-materials, catalysis, etc Users’ RUN, in Operation
MUSE D-Line, since Sep., 2008 [The world-most intense pulsed muon beam achieved at J-PARC MUSE] ZZZAt the J-PARC Muon Facility (MUSE), the intensity of the pulsed surface muon beam was recorded to be 1.8 x 106/s on November 2009, which was produced by a primary proton beam at a corresponding power of 120 kW delivered from the Rapid Cycle Synchrotron (RCS). The figure surpassed that obtained at the Muon facility of Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK, pushing MUSE to the world frontier of muon science. It also means that the unprecedentedly high muon flux of 1.5 x 107/s (surface muons) will be achieved at MUSE when the RCS proton beam power reaches the designed value of 1 MW within a few years.
We achieved World strongest pulsed surface muon beam at J-PARC MUSE D1&D2 area even with 120 kW intensity. on November,10th 2009 µ± Muon Kicker System Muon pulse (a)
>100ns time structure of muon pulsebefore kicker
Time Fast (b) raising B-field which is 300ns Pulse B-Field synchro nized to Time muon pulse (c) Time structure of muon pulse after Kicker Single Pulse can be Time obtained. Top loading Dilu�on Refrigerator N Brought from KEK-‐MSL µ N 25mK was achieved at D1 area on 4/30. N It takes 3 days un�l achieving the lowest temperature. N It takes 8-‐12 hours to exchange a sample.
Gas Handling Liq.He vessel Manipulla�onÏÖ3m) D1 Spectrometer
0.43 0.4 Ag Holder 80K 0.425 0.3
0.42 0.2
0.415 2.7K 0.1 0.41 0 0.405 0.025K -0.1 0.4 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -0.2 Time(µs) 0 5 10 15 Time(µs) 6«¢¤°4fWE¬?1@ ¬M7 P)Åɺͬ¯ µ D-Line Studies explored at MUSED-Line Either Surface muon (^] or Decay muon (^b`up to 120 MeV/c) available! da yZy~Zw Ït~ÌyÐ 1. µSR Study of Organic Antiferromagnet β'-(BEDT-TTF)2IBrCl 2. μSR in Ironpnictide superconductoZPhys. Rev. Lett. 103 027002z ZZwxsZjq`wkxm 3. µSR evidence for magnetic ordering in CeRu2Al10 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. At May, 2010 4. novel phase transi�on in f-electron system -‐ high-‐order “mul�pole” ordering Phys.Rev. B 82, 014420 (2010),Phys. Rev. B 84, 064411 (2011).J.Phys.Soc.Jpn.80(2011)SA075,J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80, 113703 (2011). ,J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80, 033710 (2011). 1. Ba2IrO4: A novel spin-orbit Mott insulating quasi-2D antiferromagnet, Phys.Rev. B83, 155118 (2011) ea t~~ZyÏsZl~k|Ð da smveÏz~ÐPhys.Rev. B 82,224412 (2010), Phys.Rev. B84 054430 (2011) ea m~oevg`Zu~tevgZ~Zstevg fa ÔÕZnZZsZZ 4. Pre-martensitic phenomena of thermo elastic martensitic transformation in NiTi alloys studied by muon ha yxZZoZZZZ~Zq`wkxmZ~~[ fa w ~Zmp 1. Investigation of molecular effect in the formation process of muonic atom ^ ` ea t\ ]Z~Z ~ZZZ~ ga w~Zw ` ` da Z^Zk\}_u]ZZ Z^k\}_u]Z~Z~ ha u`Z~~_ZZx~~ da r~_ZvZJ. Phys.: Conf. Ser.s 225 (2010) 012040 , Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.(2012) ea tZx~~ ia l~Zn da yJ. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 225 012012(2010) ea {~ZyZt U-‐Line
Dedicated to Ultra Slow Muon more than 10 �mes intense than D-‐Line First goal of U-‐Line: Surface muon source that produce Ultra Slow muon ( E= 0.05 eV – 30 keV) with high intensity and high luminosity. Motivation µ+ Positive Muons ( ) very powerful2 0 -2 tool-4 -6 -8 -10 -12 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 τc(sec) ●As a probe for neutron microscopic magnetism � ● As a light isotope of H, D and Mossbauer T,its Diffusion and Reaction µSR ●&:0.4H.'470&.,60µs order) NMR ac susceptibility�
Strong Requirement for Ultra Slow Muon Source ●&>?/C!,89=.408.0 8>0<1,.0=9<7?6>46,C0<0/H67 ●Surface Chemistry-Catalysis on nano-particle Cooling techniques to obtain Slow Muon Beam ● Slowing down through solid Ar or N2 at PSI ●Laser Resonant Ionization of Mu at KEK, RIKEN-RAL&J-PARC
Concept of ultra slow µ+ generation by laser resonant ionization of thermal Mu from hot tungsten Can be realized by synchronizing intense pulsed muon and pulsed laser J-PARC MUSE pulsed muon source) CAN MAKE IT ! - 4MeV -> 0.2 eV (7 order cooling) e µ+ Ultra-slow Muon HISTORY STEP1:Production of Thermal Muonium in vacuum (~1985) by Mills, Imazato, Nagamine et al. &Matsushita, Nagamine(Pt)
STEP2: Resonant Ionization of thermal Muonium by 1s-2s excitation(~1987)ÏQED confirmationÐ ByChu, Mills, Kuga, Yodh, Miyake, Nagamine et al.
STEP3: Ultra-slow Muon Project @KEK (1990-1998) by Miyake, Shimomura, Birrer Nagamine, et al. STEP 2 Thermal Mu1s-‐2s resonant excita�on STEP4: Ultra-slow Muon Project @9>RAL ●The first successful extrac�on of (1999~ ) by Bakule, Matsuda, Miyake, Ultra-‐slow Î Muon Shimomura, Nagamine et al. ●consistent with QED STEP5: High-intensity Ultra-slow Muon expecta�on within 300MHz @J-PARC Z(2010- Present project By S. Chu, Nobel prize (1997). Now Secretary of US-‐DOE. 5.0 x 108 /s surface muons, 20 times more intense U-‐Line than D-line which is the strongest at present! Dedicated beam line to produce Ultra Slow muon ( E= 0.05 – 30 keV) with high intensity and high luminosity. Normal Conducting MIC Capture Solenoid
Maximum current 1500A Peak central field 0.3T Coolant 130 l/s
Muon capture rate 8 5x10 µ +/s @ 30 MeV/c Due to the high level of exposure to radiation, the solenoids are wound with o Solid angle 400 mSr (±20 ini�al radiation-resistant mineral insulation acceptance angle, ~10 �mes larger) cables(MIC). Superconducting Curved Transport Solenoid under fabrication @Toshiba deep collaboration with KEK cryogenic group!
Straight section Second curved section
Steering dipole First curved section Dipole coils for charge selection coils (x and y)
Cooled by Five Gifford-McMahon (GM) refrigerators
Superconducting Curved Solenoid is about to be installed into U-Line, On July 6th, 2012 Axial Focusing superconduc�ng solenoids Exit of curved Thin lenses solenoid Experimental target
Ö8000 mm Positron separator Beam Brocker Focusing solenoid
400
300 Positron separator N Three-stage, Wien 200 Filter type 100 N w= 450, l= 750,
0 N gap= 300 mm σy /mm N Max. Electric field -‐100 +2.67 MV/m (±400 kV) -‐200 N Max. Correction -‐300 dipole field -0.0375 --µ+ Tm -‐400 0 1000 2000 centerline 3000 /mm 4000 5000 --e+ 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Funded, Many thanks to KEK Directors & J-‐PARC Director Superconducting Axial Focusing Magnets
Surface µ+ stopping on W, Commissioning Beam size and focal length from Oct. 18th, 2012 Dependence of current density of the last coil Beam profile at the final σ = 18 mm, Focal length 460 mm focusing pointÏ700mmÐ σ = 25 mm, Focal length 700 mm
A/mm2
W Target (70 x 40 mm2Ð
Intensity: 2 x 108 µ+/s, on W (70 x 40 mm2Ð(@1 MW) Intensity: 1.2 x106 (0.5 x 106 ) µ+/s, on W (40 x 35 mm2Ð@RIKEN-RAL 1.2 x106/s is surface µ+ arriving at Port3, could be less than 0.5 x 106/s stopping on W Curved A04 team Solenoid
Focusing U1A Area Solenoid Thin film µSR H reaction on Surface 2 x 108 /s surface muon etc. (161 times more intense) than RIKEN/RAL. A01 team
ULTA SLOW MUON GENERATION
Grants-in-Aid; Frontier of Materials, Life and Elementary Particle Science Explored by Ultra Slow Muon Microscope Lead by Prof. E. Torikai
A01:Ultra Slow Muon Microscopy & Microbeam (Y. Miyake)
A02ÒSpin Transport and Reaction at Interface (E. Torikai)
A03ÒHeterogeneous correlation of electrons over the boundary region between bulk and surface (R. Kadono)
A04:Ultra Cold Muon beam (M. Iwasaki) Will be installed On Nov. 19-30th,2012
(static) Spectrometer Specification of Spectrometer(1st stage) ÌMagnetic Field0-1400GÏNormal conductingÐ ÌTemperature10-15KZ(He flow cryostat) ÌVacuumÏ10-8PaÐ Ìe+ counters, MPPC(256ch) ÌFloated by 30kV He-flow cryostat (Mini-cryo type) VWµ´Ë¹Í W?= ICF152 φ203x680 ÁÍÆ *« 1.4kG
ICF253 Micro Channel Plate FGÃÈË· (MCP) ÁÍÆ*«AI Ê;ʼ¶ ÄÊò³É¬7 »ÇËÀÍ® P)¬&-ÏRHEEDDÐ kcg Laser Diagram
Pump Laser1Ò2photon resonance frequencyÓZ212.55 nm
LD pump Nd:GdVO4 DFB-LD ω = 2 ω ω Multiamp 5 HG Kr Ly-α 1 - 2
0.1 mJ 1 J 100 mJ Kr 4p55p Fiber Amp 100 µJ @1062.55 nm @212.55 nm ω2 815 @122 nm ω1 Nd: 0.5% 212.55 nm ~ 850 nm Nd:GdVO Laser Crystal 4 ω Nd: 1.0% Directly emi�ng 212(x5)nm Ly-α 121.5 Nd: 2.0% Much be�er efficiency(Wada) ω1 ~ 122.2 nm Nd:GdVO4 212.55 nm Lyman α Pump Laser2Ò 815-850 nmvariable Kr 4p6 DFB-LD 100 mJ @815-850 nm Lyman-‐α Intensity 100 �mes LD pump Cr:LiSAF Multi amp stage Ultra Slow Muonfor sure 105-‐6/s S.WADA, N. Saito &M.IWASAKI RIKEN U-Line Expected Yield of Ultra Slow Muon
20 slow muons/second at RIKEN-RALJ-PARC, MUSE 1) Repetition Rate 25 Hz (At RIKEN-RAL 50 Hz) factor 2 times (1.5)
2) Surface Muon Yield by Super Omega Channel 2.0 x 108 /s / 1.2 x 106 /s (RIKEN-RAL) = 161 times (400) 3) Lyman-α Intensity by Laser Development
71 µJ/p / <1 µJ/p (RIKEN-RAL) ~ 100 times Our Goal of Ultra Slow Muon Yield is 20 /s x 2 x 161 x 100 = 0.6 x 106/s (Maximum) Riken-RAL Slow Muon Intensity Started with realistically, 103/s ! Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy on the surface
Bi Sr CaCu O + STM/STS 2 2 2 x µ 50ev-30keV ARPES Unit cell scanning 1.54nm Resolution 1nm Sub-surface region 3.07nm probe sub-surface region Depth Variable scanning (1-300 nm) a few nm
Probe electronic states from the sub-surface (1nm)to the bulk region (300 nm depth) up to continuously
According to Prof. Nishida H reaction on the nano Surface Chemical Evolution in Cosmic quite different from bulk May occur on the surface of ICE
Main Cast is H ÌSurface H Isomerization CO + 3H → CH3O ÌAdsorbed H Hydrization H + H → H2
M. Wilde et al., ACIE 47 (2008) 1. N. Watanabe, A. Kouchi, PSS 83 (2008) 439
Clarify ÌElectronic state of H on the surface ÌRole of the surface H on Ice/Cluster ÌDiffusion Constant of H According to Prof. Fukutani A02Spin Transport and Reaction at Interface Spin direction of the Ultra Slow Muon can be easily controlled by Spin Rotator ?1½Ë¿É'«FG Ì!?# Fe [001] ;X¬¸ÂË8$¬9N£TL MgO [001] u Extension towards half metal etc. Fe [001] u Spin Implantation to semiconductor Observing spin state on the Spin implantation depends upon boundary between Ferro/insulator Atomic spin state on the boundary µSR measurement in situ
Butler et al. PRB 63, 056614 (2001). According to Prof. Yoshino A03: “Heterogeneous electronic correlation at sub-surface & interface”
Remarkable difference in the electronic ` property between surface and bulk • Breakdown of inversion (mirror) µ+ Vacuum symmetry at surface/interface → “Recovery of orbital angular momentum” Surface st (1 layer) near the surface • Spa�al constraint over the mo�on of 0.2Ñnm } electrons → “Enhancement of quasi-‐ Boundary two-‐dimensional character and Bulk between associated change in the electronic state } “bulk” and Interface “surface” …Novel electronic property (“hetero-‐ } geneous electronic correla�on”) may be realized on the hetero-‐structure composed of transi�on metal compounds that are subject to strong Bulk electronic correla�on.
Ultraslow muon serves as a unique tool to probe the electronic state of subsurface and interface in the real space. , requiring µ only g to ng sample Beam is scraped away Ordinary muon beam by beam slit or collimeter. Beam size >a few cm. Beam intensity is reduced. Slit, collimetor So far, requires 1 g sample ultra-‐slow muon Beam Focusing Q-‐lens Reduc�on of RF accelerator beam size without any reduc�on of beam intensity!
requiring only µg to ng sample Beam size -‐> ~Φ70mm ZMinimum beam size -‐> ~Φ1μm Depth resolu�on -‐> a few nm Depth resolu�on -‐> order of μm Realization of muon microscope A01;Study of materials and life science by micro muon beam
3D mapping of magne� Particle property change vs. non- domain inside sample uniformity ÌNon-uniform Li diffusion in battery ÌNon-uniformity in Micro-‐scale sampleMicro-‐size region (grain, domain) permanent magnet Study of undeveloped scien�fic or engineering field! domain
ExamplesÒTrans-‐uranium compoundÏNovel Np, Am compound etc.Ð Life science ÏElectron transfer in DNA etc., Ð Industrial applica�onÏInhomogeneity of reac�on in Bu�ery compound etc., Ð S & H-Lines at MUSE
S-Line H-Line
Surface µ+ Surface µ+ For HF, g-2 exp. For material sciences e- up to 120 MeV/c For DeeMe µ- up to 120 MeV/c For µCF
Installation in the vicinity of production target @Summer, 2012 µSR:% S-Line ¡ ÒYS2:JH µPMS¡…,UB3§! ±ÃÉ4:
S3:High Time µPMS S1:Dil resolution µSR ution µSR S4:µPMS
S2:Laser, RF µPMS SÈ³Ë µSR H-Line; Projects submitted to IMSS MUSE
○Mu Hyperfine precise measurement(30MeV/c) ○“g-2(30MeV/c)Ultra Slow Muon! Improve Sensi�vity by x 100 -‐14 (10 ) Precision Measurement of Anomalous Magne�c Moment Muon Precision Experiment to search for New Physics
○µ-eZConversion(DeeMe) (105MeV/c): Improve Precision by Search for Charged Lepton Flavor Mixing x 5 (0.1 ppm ) Charged Lepton Flavor Mixing and Origin of Ma�er ○Pencil Beam Production(30MeV/c) ○µCF Under High Press. and Temp.(120MeV/c) :For the experiments of µCF high pressure and high temperature. Welcome not only material sciences, but also fundamental physics! Design H-Line extracting µ or e Up to 120 MeV/c H-line Plan step by step Mu HFS Deeme; µ-e experiment Mu HFS Conversion experiment µ-e conversion SiC rotating target
Muon Storage
Muon Frontend Muon Accelerator15 Muon MagnetTransport g−2 Kicker, Separator Cold Muon Source Installation of the Beam Line Components in the M2 tunnel this Summer, 2012
Muon Target
To Neutron 3GeV Source Proton
by Kawamura, Koda, Strasser et al. H-Line S-Line
Summary
N (Muon Target, Operating well Rotating Target!) N D-Line, Operating User’s Run Kicker operation N U-Line, Constructing now! +Grant-in-Aid (Innovative Areas) N S-Line, Partially fabricated! to KEK/MEXT! +Competitive Budget (Rare Earth Program?) N H-Line, Partially fabricated! to KEK/MEXT! +Grant-in-Aid (Kiban-S)
Welcome to J-PARC MUSE ! S-Line
Muon Target 3GeV Proton To Neutron Source
By S4-5-6 Kawamura, successfu Koda, Strasser et al. lly Installed on
H-Line HS To 3GeV Muon Target 1 Neutron Proton Source
HS1,HS2, HB2 successfu lly InstalledBy Kawamura, onKoda, HB1 HS th Sep.Strasser 15 et, 2 What is Pulsed Muon compared with DC Muon (Complementary) 1. Time Resolution is determined by proton beam, to be as large as 100 ns. Development of Beam Slicer Ultra Slow Muon Generation 2. Synchronization with pulsed perturbation Can be synchronized with pulsed RF or Laser Ultra Slow Muon Generation by Laser Resonant Ionization of Mu 3. Long time Measurement (in particular, slow relaxation) The higher intensity, the better, since no pile up occurs (µ decay or µSR） 4. Phase Sensitive Measurement Even under a large white noise, µ<06,>0/=428,6.,8-09-=0<@0/01H.408>6C such as µCF experiment under a large Bremstraulung from Tritium. 5. Instrument should be segmented! Expensive Spectrometer
Complementary to Continuous Beams STEP1:Generation of themal Mu in vacuum From Mills et al.
= Z：Distance from hot target, Mu takes more time Z to reach further distance = About 4% of stopped muons evaporate into vacuum, as thermal Mu STEP2: STEP2: �Resonant Ionization of thermal Muonium by 1s-2s excitation(~1987)（$.98H<7,>498） By�Chu, Mills, Kuga, Yodh, Miyake, Nagamine et al ●The first successful extrac�on of Ultra-‐slow ！ Muon ●consistent with QED expecta�on within 300MHz
244nm(Single Mode)が双方向から照射された。 Doppler Broadening Free測定
超低速 ミュオン 244nm (Single Mode) 244nm (Single Mode)
244nm (Single Mode) Hydrogen Muonium
− − -15 e e + - 10 m (Mu;µ e ) du u + p+ µ
Muonium atom is consisting of a lepton pair. STEP3:Generation of slow µ+ and t+, d+, p+ @KEK
@KEK 5 µA Muon Source
Mu resonant ionization T,D, H resonant ionization STEP4: Performance investigated through Preliminary Experiments held at RIKEN-RAL, UK
We established the way of how to generate Ultra Slow Muon by the Resonant Ionization of Mu at KEK, but Muon Intensity at KEK-MSL was too low!
From KEK, We brought all the slow optics and Laser system to Port3 (RIKEN-RAL) in order to do R&D efficiently! STEP4: High Temporal Resolution (8.3 ns (Now we are using ns laser system to ionize Mu.) 1 ns) ISIS muon pulse structure LE muon TOF
340 ns
82 ns laser pulse
35.0 The temporal width of ultra slow muon beam was about 8.3 nsec. It is determined by laser pulse width! 30.0 This is 5-+1-?'%16/;1%4429)4 than that of initial muon beam 25.0 (about 100-400 nsec).
20.0
15.0
10.0 slow muons yield /Kspill 5.0
0.0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Laser pulse delay relative to 1st surface muon pulse (nsec) STEP4: Small Beam Size (φ ~ 4 mm (Now) φ 1 mm) àZZφ 10 µm by accelerating 1MV at J-PARC Demonstrated at RIKEN-RAL The beam profile was measured by a position sensitive MCP at the sample position.
The beam width was 4.1mm (x-axis) and 3.3mm (y-axis) with 9.0keV beam energy.
(The size of initial muon beam was about φ 50 mm at 4.1MeV beam energy.) STEP4: Variable Implantation Depth (from 1 – 18 keV)
Demonstrated at RIKEN-RAL = We have demonstrated that we can control muon’s range within 10nm resolution by changing implantation energy from 1~18keV. (àZZ0.05 -30 keV at J-PARC) provides magnetic probe with depth resolution application for study of surface/interfaces and multilayers
8
7
6 Preliminary
5
4
3 asymmetry (%) asymmetry
2
1
0 0 5 10 15 20 Demerit; 50 % polarization implantation energy (keV) STEP4: Features of Ultra Slow Muon by Laser Resonant Ionization, featuring three kind of Shortening!
1. Variable Implantation Depth (~nm resolution) 2. Small Beam Size (φ ~ 4 mm (Now) φ 1 mm) 3. High Temporal Resolution (8.3 ns (Now we are using ns laser system to ionize Mu.) 1 ns) 4. Synchronized with pulsed perturbation 5. Very Low Bg. --> Very small Relaxation
But, only 20 slow muons/s at RIKEN-RALJ-PARC U-Line Depth and Beam Size Scanned by Ultra Slow Muon Microscope with Development Scenario Comparison of features of slow muon beam obtained by the cryogenic moderator using solid Ne, or Ar and the laser resonant ionization
$#$! % ! (% ! #'! !#%!#+#
&! %' J-PARC KEK, RAL PSI, TRIUMF #' 0.05 - 30 keV -> 1 - 200 nm 0.5 - 30 keV -> 10 -200 nm ! ! #! %' 14 eV(!# #% ! 0.2 eV) 400 eV ( φ 1 mm φ~µ φ 10 - 15 mm "!# #$! &$% ! seveal sub ns ~ $ * 10 $ ! # (% ! 50% 92% % $ %' 20$ RAL*10 5-6/s+J-PARC )10 /s ' #! (% ! !$$ + $' #! ( !%"!$$ P)ÅɺͱR(± +«ZÏP)¬¤*ª© ¬P)§.OÐ Ê;ʼ¶0/ ?=DK "? W5=417A 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 B[Gauss] 600 400 200 0 `gcc `fcc `ecc `dcc c dcc ecc fcc gcc Z[mm]