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EARLY SCHIZOPHRENIA DETECTION Biomarker Found in Hair SPRING 2020 SHOWCASING THE BEST OF JAPAN’S PREMIER RESEARCH ORGANIZATION • www.riken.jp/en EARLY SCHIZOPHRENIA DETECTION Biomarker found in hair WHAT'S THE MATTER? LIVING UNTIL 110 READING THE MIND OF AI Possible link between Abundance of immune Cancer prognosis two cosmic mysteries cell linked to longevity method revealed ▲ Web of dark matter A supercomputer simulation showing the distribution of dark matter in the local universe. RIKEN astrophysicists have performed the first laboratory experiments to see whether the interaction between dark matter and antimatter differs from that between dark matter and normal matter. If such a difference exists, it could explain two cosmological mysteries: why there is so little antimatter in the Universe and what is the true nature of dark matter (see page 18). ADVISORY BOARD RIKEN, Japan’s flagship publication is a selection For further information on the BIOLOGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE research institute, conducts of the articles published research in this publication or • Kuniya Abe (BRC) • Hiroshi Nakagawa (AIP) basic and applied research in by RIKEN at: https://www. to arrange an interview with a • Makoto Hayashi (CSRS) • Satoshi Sekine (AIP) a wide range of fields riken.jp/en/news_pubs/ researcher, please contact: • Shigeo Hayashi (BDR) including physics, chemistry, research_news/ RIKEN International • Joshua Johansen (CBS) PHYSICS medical science, biology Please visit the website for Affairs Division • Atsuo Ogura (BRC) • Akira Furusaki (CEMS) and engineering. recent updates and related 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, • Yasushi Okada (BDR) • Hiroaki Minamide (RAP) articles. Articles showcase Saitama, 351-0198, Japan • Hitoshi Okamoto (CBS) • Yasuo Nabekawa (RAP) Initially established RIKEN’s groundbreaking Tel: +81 48 462 1225 • Kensaku Sakamoto (BDR) • Shigehiro Nagataki (CPR) as a private research results and are written for a Fax: +81 48 463 3687 • Kazuhiro Sakurada (MIH) • Masaki Oura (RSC) foundation in Tokyo in 1917, non-specialist audience. [email protected] • Harukazu Suzuki (IMS) • Toru Tamagawa (RNC) RIKEN became a national • Toshitada Takemori (IMS) • Tomohiro Uesaka (RNC) research and development RIKEN Research is published ISSN 1883-3519 • Makoto Taketani (RCH) • Yasunori Yamazaki (CPR) institute in 2015. by RIKEN in collaboration www.riken.jp/en • Todd Taylor (IMS) with Nature Research • Koji Yonekura (RSC) COMPUTER / RIKEN Research is an online Custom Media, a part COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE and print publication that of Springer Nature. CHEMISTRY • Ryutaro Himeno (ISC) highlights the best research • Hideki Abe (CSRS) • Toshiaki Iitaka (ISC) published by RIKEN. This • Keisuke Tajima (CEMS) • Takahito Nakajima (R-CCS) • Katsunori Tanaka (CPR) • Hirofumi Tomita (R-CCS) © VOLKER SPRINGEL / MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR ASTROPHYSICS / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial Research 3 Data sharing, 10 highlights commercial strategies and performance COVER STORY 10 Hair follicles could reveal People sign of schizophrenia p.13 11 Modeling a sense 4 Observing the of responsibility cosmic web 12 Brain waves vary Hideki Umehata with age of memory Special Postdoctoral Researcher 13 Thinking, fast and slow Computer-assisted disaster recovery 14 Roots of weed’s parasitism run deep Bahareh Kalantar Postdoctoral 15 First responder Researcher to light revealed 16 Long-distance light sources 17 A vital gene in the mating game p.14 6 Briefs Sixteen RIKEN researchers in the top 1% of their fields by citations New supercomputer dedicated to drug discovery RIKEN Advisory Council 2019 Accelerating routes to innovation Fugaku prototype is world’s greenest supercomputer First anniversary of RIKEN’s Europe Office Front row at periodic table event SPRING 2020 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Research 18 highlights Perspectives 26 Building a roadmap to real world outcomes: With the launch of a new company, the deepening integration of industry COVER STORY and RIKEN researchers is poised to create a suite of new patent- 18 Killing two cosmic winning products, says Hidetoshi Kotera. mysteries with one hypothetical particle 19 Kondo cloud spotted for the first time 20 A new spin on spider webs 21 Detecting the metabolites of a single cell 22 Wearing your heart monitor on your sleeve 23 Coffee habit could be genetically brewed Feature COVER STORY New clues in AI cancer prognoses: Understanding artificial 24 Shining a new light 29 intelligence’s reasoning has taken it from merely a cancer on ethylene prognosis tool to a means to understand why cancers reoccur. COVER STORY 25 The killer cells for a ripe old age p.21 Infographic 32 Cream of the crop: The RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) is led by a number of researchers listed among 2019’s top 1% in plant and animal science by citations. p.23 2 RIKEN RESEARCH EDITORIAL Data sharing, commercial strategies and performance Hiroshi Matsumoto President, RIKEN ast year was an important one for us, as that are common to research institutes around the we went through our process of evalu- world, such as making sure that we have the best ation by external panels, culminating performance indicators available, that we manage in the meeting of the RIKEN Advisory and share our data in the best possible way, and LCouncil (RAC) at the end of November. For that we conduct our translational research based three very intensive days, we met with the panel, on a clear strategy. They asked us to explore an headed by the eminent neuroscientist, Sir Colin institutional policy on open access, for example, an Blakemore. We gave the Council an overview issue that is being tackled by many of our partners of our current situation and goals, and received around the world. valuable advice from them. This system of We are now carefully considering their recom- receiving evaluations and recommendations by mendations and making changes accordingly, and distinguished experts from around the world is I very much hope that you will see the fruits of unique among Japanese institutes. It allows us to these changes appear in the pages of future issues COVER STORY: RIKEN researchers maintain top-level research in the intensely com- of RIKEN Research, both in terms of new initia- have found that the petitive world of scientific research. tives and in research findings that have relevance elevated expression I am happy to report that their evaluation was to the society we live in. We also look forward to of a gene called largely positive, with strong support for new ini- interacting with our partners around the world in MPST in human hair tiatives that we have made in recent years, such as addressing the many challenges facing the world of could be an indicator of schizophrenia. the Hakubi Fellows and Kato Sechi programs for scientific research today. See a summary on page 7 Page 10 attracting talented young scientists and enhancing for more details on the expert panel. diversity, and for the establishment of the new © 2020 NOBEAST- company, RIKEN Innovation, to help use our SOFIERCE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY research to the good of society. They also gave us recommendations for taking on some challenges Keep up to date Online Facebook Twitter LinkedIn www.riken.jp/en facebook.com/RIKEN.english twitter.com/RIKEN_en linkedin.com/company/riken SPRING 2020 3 PEOPLE Observing the cosmic web Hideki Umehata Special Postdoctoral Researcher (SPDR) Star and Planet Formation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Please describe your role and understand the formation process of distant universe is the most attractive current research. these monsters to help us understand to me, partly due to its magnificence I’m a Special Postdoctoral Researcher cosmic history. and vastness. And, personally, I also at RIKEN looking at galaxy formation just enjoy the fun of an astronomical and evolution in the early Universe. It What excites you the most about event. It would be great if we could see has become clear that more than your current research? a supernova in the Milky Way with our 12 billion years ago there were a number About four years ago, while visiting a naked eyes. of cosmic ‘monsters’-violent star- collaborator in the United Kingdom, I forming galaxies and rapidly growing analyzed an image taken by the Subaru super-massive black holes. I’m trying to Telescope in Japan and found the signatures of large extended gas filaments. These filaments (sometimes [Gas] filaments described as the cosmic web) had been assumed to exist in theory for had been assumed to many years, but no-one had directly exist in theory for many observed them before. We published years, but no-one had the finding in Science last October. directly observed them. What do you think has been the most interesting recent discovery in your field? How and when did you join In a broad context, the direct imaging of RIKEN? the black hole shadow of Messier 87 this I joined RIKEN about a year and a half year by the Event Horizon Telescope ago. The team leader of the laboratory project was very impressive. It I work in, Dr. Nami Sakai, is an expert provided us with strong evidence in using the ALMA Observatory tel- of super-massive black holes. escopes in Chile, which is my favorite This is intrinsically important to observatory and that’s why I decided to me since super-massive black join her team. holes are one of my target cosmic objects. How has being at RIKEN helped your research? How did you RIKEN hosts several astronomy labora- become interested in tories that cover theoretical fields, x-ray your current field of research, and our group studying the research? submillimeter/millimeter wavelengths of During my childhood, I the electromagnetic spectrum, through loved to gaze at the night which we can examine molecular clouds, sky. I was especially absorbed looking at the process of star formation in astronomy when I was a high- from earliest collapse to stellar birth, for school student after seeing the instance.
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