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Transport for Buckinghamshire BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Contents

Cabinet Member Foreword ...... 7

Executive Summary ...... 9

Chapter 1: Background to the Plan ...... 12 Chapter 2: Local and National Context ...... 21 Chapter 3: Our Approach to 2026 ...... 27

Realising the Plan themes and objectives ...... 49 Our vision: Chapter 4: Thriving Economy ...... 50 “To make BuckinghamshireBucking a more successful, healthy and safe Chapter 5: Sustainable Environment ...... 93 place to live, worwork and visit. Maintaining and enhancing the Chapter 6: Safer Communities ...... 119 Chapter 7: Health and Wellbeing ...... 130 excellentt environment,environ whilst ensuring that businesses Chapter 8: Cohesive and Strong Communities ...... 147 thriveive and grow the county’s economy”

Glossary ...... 168

Bibliography ...... 178

Appendices A: Developing a quality plan B: Policy context C: Status of supporting strategies D: Plans and duties supported by the Plan

The maps reproduced in this booklet are the copyright of Ordnance Survey ) Crown Copyright. All rights reserved Buckinghamshire County Council Licence No. 100021529 2011. 2 3 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Tables & Figures Fig 4.6: Highway Congestion in Buckinghamshire Fig 4.7: Out-commuting patterns by district in Buckinghamshire Table 1.1: LTP consultation and engagement activities Fig 5.1: Per capita carbon emissions in England and Wales Table 1.2: LTP Strategic assessments Fig 5.2: The Chilterns AONB Table 2.1: Current DfT managed railway franchise contracts, with services in and around Fig 5.3: UK Greenhouse gas emission by sector Buckinghamshire Fig 5.4: Proportion of trips and CO2 emissions from household car journeys by trip length, Table 4.1: Summary economic comparison between Buckinghamshire, South East of *%DYHUDJH England and England Fig 5.5: Estimated CO2 emissions from household cars by journey purpose and journey Table 4.2: Comparison of GVA and GVA per head between Buckinghamshire, South East OHQJWK*%DYHUDJH England and England Fig 5.6: Energy consumption, carbon emissions and costs from BCC street lighting Table 4.3: Buckinghamshire Local Development Frameworks, current status and key issues Fig 5.7: Buckinghamshire Tranquillity Map Table 4.4: Mode of travel to work in Buckinghamshire )LJ1R6ORZ%URDGEDQGFRYHUDJHLQ%XFNLQJKDPVKLUH Table 4.5: Where Buckinghamshire residents work by district, levels of containment Fig 6.1: International comparison of fatality rate per 100,000 population, 2007 highlighted Fig 6.2: Indexed casualties by severity: GB, 1990-2007 Table 4.6: Connectivity of Aylesbury and High Wycombe Fig 6.3: KSI rate in Buckinghamshire Table 4.7: Committed rail network enhancements Fig 6.4: Crime domain measure of deprivation in Buckinghamshire by lower level super Table 5.1: 7RSµDWULVN¶VHWWOHPHQWVLQ%XFNLQJKDPVKLUHRIVXUIDFHZDWHUÀRRGLQJ output area for 2007 Table 5.2: Energy consumption, carbon emissions and costs from BCC street lighting Fig 6.5: Buckinghamshire Road KSIs (1999-2009) 7DEOH7UDQVSRUWIRU%XFNLQJKDPVKLUHÀHHWFRPSRVLWLRQ )LJ'LVWULFWDJHSUR¿OHFKDQJHV Table 7.1: Buckinghamshire health and activity performance against English average 2004- Fig 7.2: IMDB Health and Disability Domain indicator 2006 )LJ7RWDOF\FOLVWVUHFRUGHGDQQXDOO\LQ$\OHVEXU\DWPDQXDOTXDUWHUO\WUDI¿FFRXQWV 7DEOH3HUFHQWDJHRIFKLOGUHQ

Case Studies Cabinet Member Foreword

Haddenham and Long Crendon, LAFs and delegated budgets in action Welcome to Buckinghamshire’s third Local Transport Plan. As Devolved Services &DELQHW0HPEHUIRU7UDQVSRUW,DPSURXGWRSUHVHQWWKLV¿YH\HDU Transport for Buckinghamshire Innovation - Service Information Centre Plan for Buckinghamshire that has been shaped by considerable Change for Chesham input and feedback from local people and stakeholders. School Travel Planning 8UEDQ7UDI¿F0DQDJHPHQWDQG&RQWURO 870& V\VWHP This new Local Transport Plan (Plan) marks a departure from the Shared Space previous Local Transport Plans in how we present our strategy and East West Rail how we intend to deliver it. Aylesbury Vale Parkway High Wycombe Regional Coachway Nationally the coalition Government has reiterated that transport should contribute Aylesbury and High Wycombe Town Centre Regeneration towards supporting the economic recovery and reducing carbon emissions. Local transport Smart and Integrated Ticketing plays an important role in delivering these goals. In recognition that transport is a means Partnership working with the Rail Industry to an end, rather than an end in itself this strategy is framed around the high level themes We’re Working on It of the county’s Sustainable Community Strategy. This helps ensure the Plan is focused Streetlight Switch Off on the overarching long term needs of the county. For example, in our second Local %XUQKDP%HHFKHV7UDI¿F0DQDJHPHQW Transport Plan we aimed to tackle congestion, now we look to support the delivery of a Plugged in Places Thriving Economy. Tackling congestion plays a prominent role in our approach; however Flood Management it is not the only way that transport improvements can help to underpin and support 0RWRUZD\%R[$5RXWH6WUDWHJ\ economic growth. Be a Better Biker Community Speed Watch 7KHFRDOLWLRQ*RYHUQPHQW¶VFRPPLWPHQWWRUHGXFLQJWKHQDWLRQ¶V¿QDQFLDOGH¿FLWDORQJ 7UDI¿F6SHHGVLQ)RUG9LOODJH with its policies on Localism and the Big Society has led us to reconsider how we best Cycle Aylesbury deliver the aims and objectives of this Plan. We will focus on delivering the functions and iCycle services most appropriate at the countywide level, whilst enabling and supporting the Walk Wycombe planning and delivery of those services best suited to the needs of the local community. Beeches Cycling Strategy The Big Society presents an exciting opportunity to provide local people with a greater say Bucks Air Quality Management Group and control over the services that matter most to them. Transport will be at the forefront Princes Risborough Community Bus of this across the County. Iver Freight Management :HFDQQRWHVFDSHWKHHFRQRPLFVLWXDWLRQWKHQDWLRQ¿QGVLWVHOILQDQGWKHUHDOLW\LVWKDW public funding is likely to be constrained over the lifetime of this Plan. The immediate Supporting Strategy Summaries and 'In Focus' Topic Boxes outlook for capital funding is good, but it is uncertain how long this will last. The forecast in terms of our revenue funding is less promising. However I remain optimistic that Chiltern Railways Evergreen 3 heightened partnership working, private sector investment and the favourable value for Transport Asset Management Plan (TAMP) Summary money offered by our transport investments will continue the progress we have made in Business Travel Plans previous Local Transport Plans. Congestion Strategy Summary Buckinghamshire Business First :HFHUWDLQO\DUHQRWORRNLQJWRPDLQWDLQRXUVWDWXVTXRRYHUWKHQH[W¿YH\HDUV7KHFDU Sustainable Travel Strategy Summary - Rail UHPDLQVWKHPRGHRIFKRLFHIRUWKHPDMRULW\RIRXUUHVLGHQWVDQGRYHUWKHQH[W¿YH\HDUV Sustainable Travel Strategy Summary - Smarter Choices we will look to make car journey times more reliable and use technology to maximise Freight Strategy Summary URDGFDSDFLW\$FULWLFDOIDFWRULQUHGXFLQJWUDI¿FOHYHOVDQGFRQJHVWLRQLVWKHDELOLW\WR Road Safety Strategy Summary encourage travel by more sustainable means. It is critical that we build on the success of Sustainable Travel Strategy Summary - Walking, Cycling and Rights of Way Aylesbury’s cycling demonstration town status, our urban rainbow bus routes and travel Sustainable Travel Strategy Summary - Bus and Passenger Transport plan expertise.

6 7 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Executive Summary :HZLOOFRQWLQXHWRGHYHORSVRPHLPSRUWDQWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHVFKHPHVRYHUWKHQH[W¿YH years including the East West Rail and High Wycombe Regional Coachway projects. This Plan sets out Buckinghamshire County Transport impacts on everyone’s life and Transport continues to play a key role in enabling and complimenting efforts to regenerate Council’s (BCC) transport policies and has a key role to play in the quality of our main urban centres. By 2016 we will be in a position to demonstrate how we have VWUDWHJLHVIRUWKHQH[W¿YH\HDUV  the county’s economy, society and the made a step change in the accessibility to key services, especially for those most in need.  WKDWZLOOEHGHOLYHUHGE\7UDQVSRUW environment. This is recognised at the for Buckinghamshire. The Plan builds on national level, and the coalition Government To improve transparency and encourage greater local involvement in the Plan's delivery, the previous two Local Transport Plans KDVHPSKDVLVHGWKDWDERYHDOORWKHUEHQH¿WV annual Implementation Plans will be produced. This will have live web-based content that WKDWVLPLODUO\FRYHUHGD¿YH\HDUGXUDWLRQ of transport, its contribution to economic will update residents on the work we have done and are planning in their local area. A This latest Plan is more locally focused growth and tackling carbon emissions are locally focused transport service and involvement in transport service delivery rests on than previous plans that tended to follow a of prime importance. The car is and will people getting involved. Reading this plan is a good start, and I thank you in advance for prescribed format from central Government. remain the predominant mode of travel for doing so. Nevertheless this strategy still strongly the majority of trips across our rural county adheres to a number of Government RYHU WKH QH[W ¿YH \HDUV DQG WKHUHIRUH legislative and policy requirements. the strategies and programme have been GHYHORSHGWRUHÀHFWWKLVORFDOGHPDQG,Q In addition to a comprehensive technical addition, sustainable travel options have Valerie Letheren evidence base the strategy has been a key role to play in our overall strategy, Cabinet Member for Transport developed with due regard to land use and these will continue to be developed policy in the county and the emerging Local and delivered at the local level to meet the Development Frameworks. In addition, the objectives of this Plan. GRFXPHQWKDVEHHQVKDSHGE\DVLJQL¿FDQW amount of consultation and engagement Central to the local focus of this Plan are with the public, stakeholders and partners. the countywide Sustainable Community It remains grounded in the reality of the Strategy, the County Council’s Corporate FXUUHQW¿VFDOFOLPDWHDQGUHGXFHGOHYHOVRI Plan and our local consultation and public funding. engagement. These have been used to IRUPXODWH ¿IWHHQ 3ODQ REMHFWLYHV DQG ¿YH This Plan comprises two principle cross-cutting themes. These objectives documents, a Strategy and an and themes underline transport’s varied Implementation Plan. Between the two contribution to numerous aspects of public documents there are a series of supporting policy and people’s overall quality of life. strategies that have been summarised in One notable inclusion is an objective to the main strategy, but more evidence and support transport service delivery by local detail is available in the full versions. The groups and ‘personal responsibility’ as a Implementation Plan will be refreshed cross cutting theme. We recognise the annually and include a rolling three year potential of these to improving transport programme of work. Part of this programme service delivery across the county, and will be web based and regularly updated. we want to support and encourage local How the countywide strategy is realised at involvement in service planning and a local area level will be outlined in greater delivery. detail within the annually refreshed local area strategies and “live” local area action The County Council has received better plans. than expected capital settlement for the next two years, and we have an opportunity WRVLJQL¿FDQWO\LPSURYHWKHFRQGLWLRQRIWKH

8 9 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

transport asset in the county. Beyond the asset management regime; encouraging when using the public highway and public transport improvements, and supporting next two years the funding outlook is less more sustainable travel; a robust congestion transport. Important elements of our local communities, voluntary and charity certain, and the healthy capital allocations management strategy; effective car parking approach will be to: maintain a safe and groups, local businesses, and individuals in expected in the early years of this Plan are management; partnership working in the secure public highway; to deliver our road delivering transport services. A key element in contrast to reduced levels of revenue delivery of town centre regeneration and safety strategy; improve driver behaviour; of our approach will be working with funding that will affect our ability to deliver renewal; support for a reliable core bus and to work with partners to deliver safe partners to deliver our bus and passenger some transport services over the Plan network; supporting the delivery of East and secure built environments. transport strategy acknowledging that a period. The ability to tap into alternative West Rail and the High Wycombe Regional RQHVL]H¿WVDOODSSURDFKWRFRQVWUDLQHG funding streams, partnership working and Coachway; and working with partners In supporting improved Health and accessibility, particularly in rural areas, is the ability to unlock localised service delivery to make public transport accessible and Wellbeing, it is recognised that an ageing no longer appropriate. In order to provide resources will be of critical importance if attractive. population, obesity and unhealthy lifestyles, a holistic approach, it is important to we are to achieve our objectives. harmful emissions, and health inequalities integrate the non-core bus services, dial- In supporting the delivery of a Sustainable are our key strategic challenges. Transport a-rides, community transport and other Chapter 4 onwards describes, under the Environment, it is recognised that the has an important role to play in increasing innovative solutions to provide accessibility themes of the Sustainable Communities county’s carbon emissions, preserving active lifestyles and tackling air quality solutions that are tailored to local needs. Strategy (SCS), the challenges facing and enhancing the local natural and problems. The fundamental element of the county, our Plan objectives and our built environment, reducing the impact our approach will be to encourage greater strategy to deliver these. In supporting RI ÀRRGLQJ DQG UHGXFLQJ ZDVWH DQG levels of active travel by promoting walking the delivery of a Thriving Economy, it is ODQG¿OOJHQHUDWLRQDUHRXUNH\FKDOOHQJHV and cycling and by building on the success recognised that supporting employment Transport has a key role to play in reducing of the Aylesbury Cycle Demonstration growth in the county, delivering sustainable carbon emissions and the impact on the Town project. More walking and cycling, in housing growth, and the regeneration county’s natural and built environment. We addition to encouraging public transport and and renewal of town centres are our key have a fundamental role in reducing carbon low emission vehicle use will also improve challenges. We recognise that it is simply and waste generated by our operations air quality levels. Partnership working, not possible for public transport, walking or as the Local Transport Authority. Key particularly with the Bucks Air Quality cycling to represent a viable alternative to elements of our strategy include reducing Management Group and the Highways the private car for all journeys, particularly the need to travel by working in partnership $JHQF\ LV YLWDO WR WDFNOH RXU VSHFL¿F DLU in rural areas and for some longer or multi- WR LQÀXHQFH ODQG XVH SODQQLQJ DQG KLJK quality problem areas. stage journeys. Therefore, it is essential speed broadband coverage; increasing that a joined-up, holistic transport strategy low emission travel by supporting and In Buckinghamshire the promotion of is delivered in order to successfully manage encouraging walking, cycling and public Cohesive and Strong Communities is congestion, reduce out commuting, improve transport; and supporting the development hindered by the presence of people suffering connectivity and support regeneration. As of infrastructure for low emission car travel. from deprivation, vulnerable groups at with all the themed strategy sections, our In delivering our operations we will seek risk of social exclusion, and people who DSSURDFKLVRXWOLQHGXQGHUWKH¿YHEURDG to reduce the waste and carbon generated, suffer from limited access to local services. delivery headings of: as well as reducing or mitigating transport Transport has a key role to play in tackling LPSDFWV VXFK DV QRLVH ÀRRGLQJ YLVXDO accessibility issues faced by certain groups  ‡ 0DLQWHQDQFH appearance) on the local environments. and individuals, and by supporting the  ‡ %HKDYLRXU&KDQJH notion of a Big Society in the county that ‡0DQDJHPHQW DQG 7DFNOLQJ In supporting the delivery of Safer encourages people to take a greater role Congestion Communities, it is recognised that road in planning and delivering transport service  ‡ 1HZ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH safety, crime and antisocial behaviour within improvements in their communities.  ‡ 3DUWQHUVKLS:RUNLQJ our communities are the key challenges. We Our approach to these challenges will have an important role to play in reducing be to tackle local accessibility barriers Key elements of our approach to a Thriving the risk of death and injury on the highway and encourage greater levels of local Economy will be an effective proactive network, and in ensuring people feel safe involvement in planning and prioritising

10 11 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Chapter 1: Background Government and after being submitted in Big Society (2010) Countryside and Rights of Way Act Background Chapter 1: 2006 the Department for Transport (DfT) (2000) to the Plan rated it as “excellent”. Over the course of the Big Society LV D ÀDJVKLS SROLF\ RI WKH ODVW¿YH\HDUVZHKDYHFRQWLQXHGWRVWULYH FRDOLWLRQ *RYHUQPHQW  7KH PDLQ EHQH¿W We are required to produce and maintain a Chapter 1: What is a Local Transport for excellence and this was demonstrated is to create a climate that empowers Rights of Way Improvement Plan under the Background Plan? by Buckinghamshire County Council being local people and communities, building a Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000. If named Local Transport Authority of the Big Society where decisions are made at we are to achieve our aim of encouraging The Plan sets out Buckinghamshire County Year in 2008. the lowest appropriate scale. The main higher rates of walking and cycling to Council’s policies, strategies and the way elements are to: improve health and reduce congestion, it is we as the local transport authority will, Within this Plan the priorities have been imperative that our Rights of Way network subject to funding, prioritise improvements revised to a more locally focused strategy 1. Give communities more powers; is legible, accessible and well maintained. over the coming years. to ensure we have addressed the needs 2. Encourage people to take an active and aspirations of our local communities. role in their communities; Equality Act 2010 The Plan sets out our approach to tackling 3. Transfer power from central to local the transport challenges facing us now, We are obliged to produce a Local Transport government; Provides a new cross-cutting legislative and in the future. It is designed to meet the Plan by central Government, in accordance 4. Support mutual agreements, framework to protect the rights of needs of various groups including residents with the Transport Act (2000). charities and social enterprises; individuals and advance equality of and businesses of Buckinghamshire; whilst opportunity for all; to update, simplify and also outlining to central Government how The development of the third The Localism Bill (see below) included strengthen the previous legislation; and to we can meet national priorities. Local Transport Plan enabling legislation for the Big Society. deliver a simple, modern and accessible framework of discrimination law which The strategic direction outlined in this Plan In 2006 the DfT published Transport's Child Poverty Act (2010) protects individuals from unfair treatment will ensure that across the County Council, Role in Sustaining the UK's Productivity and promotes a fair and more equal society. our public and private sector partner and Competitiveness (TSO:2006: The The Child Poverty Act 2010 requires the organisations, and local community groups Eddington Transport Study). This document Secretary of State to set targets to eradicate Flood and Water Management Act and organisations there is a common encouraged local transport authorities child poverty by 2020, and requires a (2010) understanding of the transport issues in to develop a robust evidence base when strategy every three years on how these the county, and the strategic approach to planning transport. This Plan has been targets will be met and how socio-economic Under the Act, local authorities have new tackling these issues over the longer term. developed following the collation of much disadvantage will be reduced. The Act GXWLHVDQGSRZHUVWRPDQDJHÀRRGULVN This document outlines the main focus of data and evidence over recent years. Our places a statutory duty on local authorities WKH6WUDWHJ\IRUWKHQH[W¿YH\HDUV  evidence base is wide and extensive and and their partners to produce a strategy to Highways Act (1980) 2016) and beyond. has been drawn from a variety of local tackle child poverty in their area. and national technical sources. For a full The Highways Act outlines how to manage )URPWKH¿UVWWRWKHWKLUG/RFDO summary of how we developed this quality Client Transport Legislation and operate the road network in England Transport Plan Plan, please see Appendix A. and Wales. It consolidates several pieces Entitlement to the our Client Transport of earlier legislation and is still the basis for 7KH ¿UVW %XFNLQJKDPVKLUH 3ODQ ZDV This Plan cannot be developed in isolation. services is determined by other County many of the powers and duties of the local submitted in 2000 and covered the period Many key national and countywide policies Council service areas, Children and Young transport authority. IURPWR7KLVZDVIRFXVHG have helped shape the Plan and in some People and Adults and Family Wellbeing. around three local areas and a series of cases these policies state some of the legal These services are bound by legislation Local Transport Act (2008) modal strategies. obligations of a local transport authority. such as the Education Act 2002, Education Some of the legislative and Government and Inspections Act 2006, the NHS and The Local Transport Act empowers local The second Buckinghamshire Plan was requirements we have to adhere to are Community Care Act 1990 and the Children authorities to take appropriate steps to submitted in 2006 and was active until listed overleaf: Act 2004. meet local transport needs in the light of March 2011. This plan was focused on local circumstances. One particular power the ‘shared priorities’ set out by central is focused on the steps needed to improve local bus services. 12 13 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Local Transport White Paper (2011): decisions of public bodies work with the Consultation and Engagement Background Chapter 1: Creating Growth, Cutting Carbon – grain of nature and not against it. Making Sustainable Local Transport In addition to the technical sources it has of key partners, stakeholders and the Happen 7UDI¿F0DQDJHPHQW$FW  EHHQHVVHQWLDOWRUHÀHFWWKHYDULRXVYLHZV public. Chapter 1: of the local communities. In order to Background $I¿UPV WKDW VXSSRUWLQJ HFRQRPLF JURZWK 7KH7UDI¿F0DQDJHPHQW$FWSODFHVDGXW\ ensure this Plan is customer focused it was Table 1.1 summarises activities that were and reducing carbon emissions are the on local transport authorities to manage important that we developed it through undertaken to engage the widest range of highest priority for transport, and that their networks to secure the safe and engagement with a wide and varied range stakeholders and interest groups. local transport planning has a key role to H[SHGLWLRXVPRYHPHQWRIWUDI¿FLQFOXGLQJ play. Sustainable travel options can not pedestrians. It requires authorities to act only contribute to these priorities but also to avoid, reduce or minimise congestion or improve health, safety and our overall disruption so that the transport network is Activity Description quality of life. Local people should be XVHGPRUHHI¿FLHQWO\ Transport Symposia Transport Symposia were held across the four districts where encouraged and allowed to initiate their elected members and local stakeholders could contribute to own transport improvements. In addition to this legislation there are a discussions and provide input on the selection of strategic number of others which together form transport options. Localism Bill (2010) the policy context of this Plan. Please see 19 Local Area Forums All Local Area Forums (LAF) across the county were invited to Appendix B for a more complete summary. comment on the strategy. LAFs are made up of Parish, District The coalition Government is committed and County Councillors from each Local Community Area. to introducing a Localism Bill aimed at Local Development Target Groups Specialist groups were invited to contribute to the Plan devolving greater powers to councils, Frameworks development. ‘The elderly’, ‘children and young people’, ethnic neighbourhoods and local communities. minorities, those with ‘physical or visual impairments’ and This Bill should give them control over Local transport and land use planning are those with mental disabilities were invited to comment on their housing and planning decisions and the closely and inextricably linked. This plan problems and issues. PDLQEHQH¿WVDUH has been developed with the county’s local Regional and National 5HJXODUXSGDWHUHYLHZVZHUHKHOGZLWKWKH*RYHUQPHQW2I¿FH ‡(PSRZHUPHQW RI ORFDO planning authorities (District Councils) and Government for the South East (GOSE). people; UHÀHFWV WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKHLU /RFDO Elected Members Elected members were briefed and input received at regular ‡)UHH ORFDO JRYHUQPHQW IURP Development Frameworks (LDFs). The meetings including Overview and Scrutiny Committee. central and regional control; planning system is currently going through Cross Border and Meetings were held with all neighbouring authorities to discuss ‡*LYH ORFDO FRPPXQLWLHV major changes and what form future local Regional engagement cross-regional transport issues and solutions. powers to decide local planning will take in some districts has Newsletter and Website Newsletter updates were regularly issued through the growth; and not yet been decided, although this will development of the Plan. The newsletters updated any ‡&UHDWH D PRUH HI¿FLHQW DQG EH UHÀHFWHG LQ DQQXDO UHYLVLRQV RI WKH interested party on the Plan’s developments and decisions. more local planning system. Implementation Plan. We will inform and be Strategic Partners During the development of the Plan, strategic partners were informed by the development work carried involved from organisations that will ultimately help deliver the Natural Environment and Rural out by the District Councils on their LDFs. Plan. The partners met regularly during the development of Communities Act (2006) The Thriving Economy section (Chapter 4) the plan and contained representatives from: Bucks Economic

devotes greater attention to the current Learning Partnership (now called Buckinghamshire Business The Natural Environment and Rural status and content of the LDFs, given the First), Buckinghamshire Primary Care Trust, Aylesbury Vale Communities Act requires that any public links between growth and the economy. Advantage, District Councils, Thames Valley Police, Bucks Fire body must have regard to the purpose of and Rescue, and other BCC portfolio areas. conservation of biological diversity in the exercise of their functions. This Act intends Table 1.1: The Plan’s consultation and engagement activities to ensure that biodiversity becomes an integral consideration in the development of policies, such as this Plan, and that

14 15 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Throughout the development of this Plan objectives to reinforce our Plan Structure: A Strategy and Background Chapter 1: we have engaged with local members and commitment to the Thriving an Implementation Plan stakeholders to shape the plan. The Plan’s Economy and the Sustainable governance structure enabled key players Environment above the other three This Plan consists of a two main documents: Chapter 1: such as District Councils, Buckinghamshire themes; Background Business First (BBF) and the Primary Care ‡5HYLVHG  FKDOOHQJHV DQG LVVXHV WR ‡ The Plan Strategy - this is the ‡$VXPPDU\RIULVNVDQGRSSRUWXQLWLHV  Trust (PCT) to play an active role throughout UHÀHFW WKH QXDQFHV LQ FHUWDLQ ORFDO PDLQ GRFXPHQW FRPSULVLQJ WKH ¿YH \HDU concerning delivery of our objectives its development. areas; transport strategy and our long term vision ‡ 5HIHUHQFH WR VXSSRUWLQJ WUDQVSRUW ‡(QKDQFHG  DSSURDFKHV DW D and objectives. This document sets out the strategies and policies not detailed A number of workshops with local members countywide level to reiterate the broad strategic approach that will support fully in the Plan strategy and stakeholders were held in the autumn importance we have given to the car the delivery of the Plan objectives. ‡2XUEXVLQHVVSODQQLQJSURFHVVHV  of 2010 to help set the objectives, clarify driver; and ‡ $ UROOLQJ WKUHH \HDU FRXQW\ZLGH the challenges and issues, and begin to ‡)XUWKHUGHWDLORIRXUNH\VFKHPHVWR  ‡ Implementation Plan - comprises delivery programme prioritise our provisional approach. be delivered within The Plan period. the delivery programme and our tools to ‡ $VXPPDU\RIWKHPHGLXPWRORQJ ensure the effective implementation of term programme of schemes and We undertake an annual survey of residents A full report on all consultation and transport schemes and activities on the activities beyond the three year in Buckinghamshire. The 2010 survey engagement, including a response to the ground in line with the overall strategy. The time horizon where known asked residents satisfaction with elements full public consultation can be found in the plan will be informed by Members, resident ‡ $Q DVVHVVPHQW RI KRZ WKH of our service delivery and asked them Plan consultation and engagement report satisfaction surveys and community programme will contribute to our to prioritise areas of work. This annual WR EH SXEOLVKHG LQ HDUO\  RQ RXU and stakeholder engagement. It will be objectives survey helps inform where we should focus ZHEVLWH ZZZEXFNVFFJRYXNOWS  published each year following annual ‡ $FRPPXQLFDWLRQVVWUDWHJ\ resources in the short and medium term. refresh, and some of it will be kept live on The headline results of the 2010 survey Funding our Service Information Centre (SIC). The The live web based content will be can be found in the Plan consultation and published version will contain the following GHYHORSHGRYHUEXWZLOOFRQWDLQ engagement report, and future survey The coalition Government has indicated sections: ‡ /RFDO$UHD$FWLRQ3ODQV results will be presented annually within that over the foreseeable future there will ‡ 7UDQVSRUW IRU %XFNLQJKDPVKLUH the Implementation Plan. EHDVLJQL¿FDQWUHGXFWLRQLQSXEOLFIXQGLQJ overview and structure From 2012, each Implementation Plan will DQG WKLV ZLOO VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LPSDFW RQ ORFDO ‡ 2XU SHUIRUPDQFH IUDPHZRUN DQG be informed by stakeholder input and public Our 12 week full public consultation government revenue budgets, due to the how we measure success engagement that will occur during the provided the opportunity for all local overarching aim of reducing the nation’s ‡ 8SGDWHG SROLF\ FRQWH[W UHYLHZ preceding summer and autumn (Fig 1.1). councils, councillors, businesses, EXGJHW GH¿FLW WR ]HUR E\   7KLV ZLOO QDWLRQDO DQG ORFDO%&& SROLFLHV This will ensure the information gathered communities and members of the public to XOWLPDWHO\ KDYH D VLJQL¿FDQW LPSDFW RQ including updates on such issues as can be fed into our planning processes. respond to the draft Plan. The feedback our ability to deliver all the transportation High Speed Rail) 7KH  ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 3ODQ KDV from this consultation was largely positive services we either have delivered in the ‡ 'HWDLOV RI NQRZQ IXWXUH IXQGLQJ been informed by the Plan's strategy and showed that the approach outlined past or will in the future, and therefore we levels and sources HQJDJHPHQWZRUNFRQGXFWHGLQ within the Plan was largely supported. The are looking at prioritising and delivering ‡ 6XPPDU\RISUHYLRXV\HDUVSHQGLQJ comments received resulted in a number transport services in different ways. ‡ 6WDNHKROGHU DQG SXEOLF LQSXW DQG of amendments to the document including: Funding and how this will impact on our engagement ‡$  VLPSOL¿HG FRQWH[W VHFWLRQ ability to deliver transport improvements is including signposting to other examined in more detail on page 38. relevant documents and strategies; ‡$Q  HYHQ VWURQJHU HPSKDVLV RQ WKH %LJ6RFLHW\WRUHÀHFWWKHQHHGVDQG aspirations within particular local communities; ‡$PHQGHG  DQG SULRULWLVHG WKH

16 17 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Background 1HZ¿QDQFLDO\HDU Summer Autumn Chapter 1: LTP Strategy End of year summary Stakeholder input and BCC corporate allocation of Strategy report of previous engagement on future funding (Five year plan guided by a J J Implementation Plan issues and priorities Implementation long term vision) Chapter 1: J Background J

Winter/Spring Winter Autumn/Winter Adoption of Implementation Draft Implementation Plan JJ TfB business planning Supporting LTP Strategies Plan for forthcoming public consultation and LAF process ¿QDQFLDO\HDU (Strategies supporting the LTP Strategy that engagement directly inform the Implementation Plan)

Fig 1.1: Annual Implementation Plan development process

Implementation Plan Local Live Local ‡ Supporting Strategies – these ‡ Local Area Strategies – these Area Area Action outline in greater detail distinct areas outline in greater detail what the Short, Medium Strategies Plans on the SIC of activity such as the Transport Asset countywide strategy means for our nine and Long Term

Management Plan and Sustainable Travel Local Transport Areas (LTAs). These will Programmes Strategy and bridge the gap between be refreshed annually to take account of the broad strategy and the detail of the current land use policy, new evidence, and Refreshed Annually Continually Updated Implementation Plan. The strategies provide recent public and stakeholder engagement. greater detail on the rationale behind the These local area strategies will also include Fig 1.2: Buckinghamshire Local Transport Plan (Plan) Structure activities that feature in the Implementation our urban strategies for select towns in the Plan. Some of these supporting transport county. These will directly inform the live strategy documents pre-date the Plan and local area action plans that will be available will be refreshed in due course. Others on the Service Information Centre (SIC). Local Transport Authority Strategy Assessment are new and will either be operational at Plans and Duties the start of this Plan, or by the end of its Figure 1.2 summarises the Plan Structure ¿UVW \HDU  7R ¿QG RXW WKH FXUUHQW VWDWXV just described. A number of other plans and duties are The development of this Plan was informed of these supporting strategies please see UHÀHFWHGZLWKLQWKLV3ODQ6RPHRIWKHVH by a number of statutory strategic Appendix C. Future status updates and are statutory requirements and others are assessments (see Table 1.2). These links to the strategies will be included in DfT recommendations. We are not the assessments have helped to ensure that the Implementation Plan. owner of all these duties and plans, but this the strategy and activities outlined comply Plan is to varying degrees important to their with legislation and minimise any negative successful delivery. For a full summary of impact on the people and the environment these plans and duties see Appendix D. RI%XFNLQJKDPVKLUH7KH¿QGLQJVRIWKHVH assessments have directed the Plan and set out a clear process to monitor and address impacts during its delivery.

18 19 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Assessment Description Chapter 2: The Local and Buckinghamshire is a prosperous county Background Chapter 1: Strategic Environmental Is a way of ensuring that environmental National Context and on average the total income is around Assessment (SEA) issues have been taken into consideration 50% higher than the national average. In addition to this house prices are well above when developing the Plan. Where it is Buckinghamshire Today LGHQWL¿HGWKDWDSODQRUVWUDWHJ\KDVD national averages whilst unemployment negative impact on the environment it must levels are amongst the lowest in the country. In 2001 Buckinghamshire had a population EHDGMXVWHGDQGRUPLWLJDWLRQPHDVXUHVSXW The high proportion of knowledge-based of approximately 479,000 people living in place. businesses in the county is supported by in 188,000 households (Census). Latest a generally highly skilled workforce. Much Habitats Regulations Assessment Is a requirement of European law that 2010 estimates indicate the population has RI WKH FRXQW\ LV DIÀXHQW DQG RYHU  Context (HRA) aims to ensure that the Plan does not have Chapter 2: increase to 508,250 in 2010†. Twenty two of the population live in areas within the DVLJQL¿FDQWDGYHUVHHIIHFWRQVHQVLWLYH percent of our residents are aged 16 and 30% least disadvantaged in the country; habitat sites, including Special Areas of under; whilst 19% are 60 and over. It is small areas of disadvantage do exist and Conservation (SAC), and Special Protection projected that the over 50 year’s age group one percent of people live in areas that Areas (SPA). will grow to 41% by 2016 (BCC). are within the 30% most disadvantaged Health Impact Assessment (HIA) Helps to identify and assess the potential in the country (BCC). This overall level of health impacts of the plan and makes Our two largest centres of population DIÀXHQFHUHVXOWVLQDVLPLODUO\KLJKOHYHORI recommendations as to how we can are the towns of Aylesbury and High car ownership and use. mitigate the potential adverse health Wycombe, with total populations of 69,000 impacts, enhance potential positive health and 92,300 respectively. These urban The county is one of contrast – the impacts and address health inequalities. areas accommodate around a third of north is predominately rural, with small Equality Impact Assessment Is used to identify the impact of the Plan the county’s total population. Due to the market towns, whilst the south is more (EqIA) on different groups of people and suggest FRXQW\¶V UHOHYDQWO\ KLJK OHYHO RI DIÀXHQFH urbanised. Over a quarter of the county changes when a negative impact is and rural nature the car is, and will remain, is within the Chilterns Area of Outstanding LGHQWL¿HG the mode of choice for many people for Natural Beauty (AONB) and a further third the foreseeable future. The importance is protected as Metropolitan Green Belt, Table 1.2: The Plan strategic assessments of the car driver is highlighted by the fact mostly in the south of the county. This rural that 87% of households have access to one nature presents a number of challenges RUPRUHFDUVDQGWKHFRXQW\¶VWUDI¿FÀRZV including constraints on land development Full details and results of strategic assessments of the Plan can be found on our web pages increased by approximately 3.7% between and access to key services and facilities. ZZZEXFNVFFJRYXNOWS  DQG 'I7URDGWUDI¿FVWDWLVWLFV  Buckinghamshire has approximately 2012 People who come from a ‘white’ ethnic miles of roads and 2,065 miles of public group currently dominate the population, rights of way. There are over 3.9 billion accounting for between 88% and 96% of vehicle miles travelled annually in the county people depending on the district and 92% for by residents, businesses, visitors and those the whole of the county. Wycombe has the passing through. This includes trips on highest proportion of non-white population the motorway network. The number of (12.1%), whilst Aylesbury Vale, South trips made in Buckinghamshire is currently Bucks and Chilterns have approximately forecast to grow by 28% between 2010 ¿YHSHUFHQW7KH$VLDQHWKQLFJURXSIRUPV and 2026 (DfT TEMPRO v6.2 prog, dataset the second largest ethnic group overall in 5.4). the county at 4.6%, followed by Mixed and Black ethnic groups which each account for 1.3%. (BCC)

20 21 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

National Strategic Transport Network

The county is relatively well connected by the Secretary of State is responsible for road and railway to London, to the national routine maintenance, improvement and motorway network and to London Heathrow management of the strategic road network. and London Luton International Airports. In and around Buckinghamshire the HA However, there is a clear disparity between maintains and manages the M1, M40, M4, Chapter 2: Context the north and south of the county, with M25 motorways, as well as the A404. Aylesbury and large parts of Aylesbury Vale Context

in particular being relatively isolated from Day to day delivery of railway services Chapter 2: regional transport networks. While High across the county rests with Network Rail :\FRPEH EHQH¿WV IURP UDLOZD\ MRXUQH\ and the Rail Franchise Operators (see times of less than 40 minutes to London, Table 2.1). Central Government provides the equivalent journey from Aylesbury takes strategic direction, in addition to procuring over 50 minutes. The southern areas of the railway services and delivering large railway county are also connected to the London projects. 8QGHUJURXQGQHWZRUNWKXVEHQH¿WLQJIURP a wider choice of destinations. Buckinghamshire is served by the Chiltern railway line between London and The Strategic Road Network (see Fig Birmingham, the Great Western railway 2.1) comprises the major highways that line between London and the West Country, link cities, areas of population, ports and the West Coast Mainline between and airports. The network includes London and the North. In addition to

all the country’s motorways as well as this Amersham, Chesham and Chalfont VWUDWHJLFDOO\LPSRUWDQW$FODVVL¿HGURDGV and Latimer are served by the London The Highways Agency (HA) on behalf of Underground network (see Fig 2.1). The strategic The strategic ORGANISATION Stations Owning Starting End Date Franchise Break

Inset: The National Inset: Served group Date length at SRLQW award extension Chiltern Railways All Chiltern DB Regio March Dec 2021 Up to 20yrs Extension Fig 2.1: Network in Road Strategic with England and Wales shown in Buckinghamshire green. County map: network and highway railway in Buckinghamshire. Line Stations 2002 depending to 2021, on has been investment FRQ¿UPHG London Midland Cheddington GoVia Nov Sept 7 years 10 Nov 2013 and Milton 2007 2015 months Keynes Virgin Trains Milton Virgin March March 15 years Keynes 1997 2012 First Great Bourne First April April 10 years April 2013 Western End, Iver, Group 2006 2016 Marlow, Taplow,

Table 2.1: Current DfT managed railway franchise contracts, with services in and around Buckinghamshire. Source: Future of Franchising 2010, DfT

22 23 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Outside of the interurban bus services that emissions; contribute to better safety, Local people have a role in delivering local Wokingham, Dacorum (focused on Hemel operate within the county, there is little by security and health; promote equality of transport solutions, and partnership working Hempstead) and Central Bedfordshire ZD\ RI D QDWLRQDO QHWZRUN RI EXVFRDFK opportunity; improve quality of life; and a with the voluntary, community and social IRFXVHG RQ /XWRQ'XQVWDEOH+RXJKWRQ services linking local centres to key regional healthy natural environment. enterprises sector are to be encouraged Regis and Leighton-Linslade). Other centres outside the county. Denham is to support economic growth and improve notable proposed developments include an currently served (60-120 min frequency The coalition Government are yet to quality of life. Therefore local communities eco-development at Bicester and growth in daily) by a service between Harlow- produce a comparable national transport will be encouraged to examine their own Slough and Maidenhead. Chapter 2: Context Hertford-Watford-Heathrow. Stokenchurch strategy, but in early 2011 published a Local transport problems and identify with us and High Wycombe are served by a service Transport White Paper: Creating Growth, the most appropriate solution. These may ‡ &URVV ERUGHU JURZWK DOVR LQFOXGHV

between Oxford-Luton-Stansted Airport Cutting Carbon – Making Sustainable Local include schemes such as walking, cycling, VLJQL¿FDQW FRPPHUFLDO DQG PL[HG XVH Context Chapter 2: (daily every 2-3 hours). Buckingham is Transport Happen7KLVSDSHUDI¿UPVWKH maintenance and community transport developments that in many cases will served by a (30-60min frequency daily) DaSTS position that supporting economic improvements. accompany the above proposed new service between Oxford-Bicester-Milton growth and reducing carbon emissions are housing allocations. Notable proposed Keynes-Bedford-Cambridge. Just beyond the highest priority for transport, and local The Government is supporting the above developments on or close to the county the county boundary there are existing transport planning has a key role to play by decentralising economic power and land boundary include Silverstone and the 700 ORQJHUGLVWDQFHEXVFRDFKVWRSVDW/HZNQRU particularly in the short term. use planning, improving transparency and ha Heathrow Opportunity Area (9,000 new (high frequency London-Oxford services); local accountability, and simplifying local MREV DQG KRPHV  LGHQWL¿HG LQ WKH 'UDIW Milton Keynes Coachway (National Express Given two-thirds of all journeys are under transport funding. It also makes a number Replacement London Plan (2009). Services); and Hemel Hempstead (services ¿YHPLOHV±PDQ\RIWKHVHWULSVFRXOGEH of commitments to support sustainable local to London). This limited network results easily cycled, walked or undertaken by transport including funding for Bikeability, ‡ 7KH ODFN RI DWWUDFWLYH LQWHUXUEDQ LQ SRRU MRXUQH\ WLPHV DQGRU IUHTXHQFLHV public transport, the White Paper aims to enabling the development of smart public express bus connections within Bucks between the main urban centres within make travelling on foot, by bike or on public transport ticketing (see page 90 for case and between neighbouring counties. This the county and those in neighbouring transport more attractive. At the same time study), reviewing how investment decisions greatly reduces the potential for people to authorities. the Paper acknowledges the role of the take account of their carbon impact, setting travel by public transport beyond trips by car for longer trips and in rural areas not out a new road safety strategy in Spring railway which has limited coverage in the Heathrow Airport, the largest and busiest in well served by public transport, although DQGUHYLHZLQJWUDI¿FVLJQVSROLF\WR county particularly in the north, and local the UK, is the nearest international airport it sees a role for railway, particularly high give local authorities more freedom. buses. for much of the county and is some 20 speed railway, to reduce the carbon impact miles south east of High Wycombe. London of longer journeys. The Government aims Cross boundary issues ‡ 2O\PSLFV±$QHYHQWRIKXJH Luton Airport, the fourth largest airport to develop the early market in electric and national importance, with rowing, canoeing serving the wider London catchment and ultra-low emission vehicles, convinced that There are a number of issues concerned and kayaking events being held at Eton WKH¿IWKEXVLHVWLQWKH8.LVDERXWPLOHV HOHFWUL¿FDWLRQ RI WKH SDVVHQJHU FDU ÀHHW with activities beyond the county border Dorney, South Bucks. Buckinghamshire is east of Aylesbury. will play an important role in decarbonising that either impact on the Buckinghamshire expected to cater for and provide many transport, supported by policies to increase transport network or the Plan's objectives. visitors to the games. National Transport Priorities generation capacity and decarbonise the These include: grid. ‡ $FFHVVLELOLW\ SDUWLFXODUO\ E\ The previous Labour Government outlined ‡ &URVVERUGHUJURZWKDQGDVVRFLDWHG sustainable modes, to urban centres or a comprehensive summary of its national The focus of the Paper is not just on travel demand increases that will WUDYHOKXEVVWDWLRQVRXWVLGHWKHFRXQW\EXW transport strategy, detailed in Delivering how local authorities and partners can increase pressure on our strategic routes. used by Buckinghamshire residents such as a Sustainable Transport System (DaSTS) be empowered to encourage sustainable Neighbouring local land use plans are at Tring, Leighton Buzzard and Slough. (DfT:2008). DaSTS provided an overarching travel behaviour change, but also the role various stages in their adoption. However framework for transport strategy and policy of Localism and the Big Society in transport WKHDUHDVOLNHO\WRDFFRPPRGDWHVLJQL¿FDQW ‡ +LJKZD\ DFFHVV DQG FRQJHVWLRQ in England and Wales. It outlined a long- service delivery. Effective sustainable local growth (over 10,000 new homes) in the generated by commuting and business term strategic approach based on the transport solutions should be developed next 15 years are Milton Keynes, West travel to and from employment centres in GHOLYHU\ RI ¿YH QDWLRQDO WUDQVSRUW JRDOV ORFDOO\DQGWDLORUHGWRWKHVSHFL¿FQHHGVDQG Northamptonshire (including Northampton, and outside the county. High Wycombe and support economic growth; reduce carbon behavior patterns of individual communities. Daventry, Brackley and Towcester), Aylesbury draw commuters in, whilst large

24 25 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

centres such as London, Milton Keynes, Development and implementation of our Chapter 3: Our Approach Oxford, Reading and other Thames Valley Plan strategies will need to take account towns draw people out. This puts pressure of these cross border issues. For these, Towards 2026 of the principal road network. and any other cross border issues raised in this Plan, partnership working will ‡ 'LI¿FXOW\ LQ PDNLQJ QRUWKVRXWK be crucial. Primarily with neighbouring movements through the county by all authorities, but also other partners such as Our Vision Chapter 2: Context modes between Milton Keynes-Aylesbury- the Highways Agency, Network Rail, Train To make Buckinghamshire a more successful, healthy and safe High Wycombe and the Thames Valley. Operating Companies and neighbouring place to live, work and visit. Maintaining and enhancing the Local Enterprise Partnerships. Hence, excellent environment, whilst ensuring that businesses thrive ‡ 'HOLYHU\ RI QHZ WUDQVSRUW SDUWQHUVKLSZRUNLQJFRPSULVHVDVLJQL¿FDQW and grow the county’s economy infrastructure outside the county but which area of work in this Plan. ZLOOEHQH¿WORFDOUHVLGHQWVDQGEXVLQHVVHV An example being the provision of the new chord line at Bicester as part of the Chiltern

Railways Evergreen 3 project (see 'In Focus' Chapter 3:

Transport is not an end in itself but is a Our strategy has changed from one aiming Our Approach ER[ RQ SDJH   WKDW ZLOO GLUHFWO\ EHQH¿W means to an end. Transport should to achieve national targets to one that’s residents travelling from High Wycombe to XOWLPDWHO\IDFLOLWDWHWKHHI¿FLHQWPRYHPHQW much more concerned with local needs Oxford, and support the future East West of goods, services and people to ensure and aspirations. Despite the increased Rail project (see case study on page 81). the county continues to prosper whilst local focus of our Plan it is still important tackling inequality. People depend on local that our strategy contributes to national transport to get safely and easily to work, priorities and challenges, not least so we to school, to the hospital, shops and leisure can access national funding sources. facilities. Businesses rely on effective access WR PDUNHWV ZRUNIRUFH DQG WKH HI¿FLHQW Our success and performance will be movement of goods and freight. To ensure continually assessed and monitored over the effectiveness of the transport system the course of the Plan. We have continued we must continue focus on both the needs to develop a robust performance framework of the community and our customers. and a set of performance indicators that are integrated within our business planning The vision outlines the aspirations of the process (see Implementation Plan). local community and provides a focus for the delivery of transport up to 2026. It has The vision aligns with the Buckinghamshire been developed through consultation and Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS), engagement with our residents, businesses, and our Plan objectives and strategy are local community groups, stakeholders and framed around its themes. This will ensure delivery partners. our Plan delivers the long term countywide needs and aspirations.

26 27 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

The Buckinghamshire Sustainable The Buckinghamshire County Council providing support for those most in need. Communities Strategy Corporate Plan ‡ .HHSLQJ %XFNV 6SHFLDO VXSSRUW the economy, protect and enhance the The County Council is refreshing its environment, improve sustainability and Sustainable Corporate Plan for the period 2011-2013, invest in infrastructure. Community Strategy, Vision Corporate Plan, to take into account the programme of ‡ +HOSLQJ3HRSOHWR+HOS7KHPVHOYHV Consultation & public sector reforms being made by the and Each Other: support the voluntary and Engagement coalition Government. The plan will take community sector, support independent account of the changing public sector living, build on community spirit, encourage The Buckinghamshire SCS sets the over- (DFK GLVWULFW KDV LWV RZQ VSHFL¿F 6&6 ¿QDQFLDOSRVLWLRQDQGWKHGULYHWRLQYROYH corporate social responsibility. arching long-term plan for the county up that have been developed locally by each communities in decision making and enable ‡ :RUNLQJZLWK5HVLGHQWVJLYHSHRSOH to 2026. This document was developed by district’s local strategic partnership, and WKHP WR LQÀXHQFH VHUYLFH GHOLYHU\  7KH JUHDWHU LQÀXHQFH VXSSRUW GHOLYHU\ RI Our Approach

Chapter 3: the Buckinghamshire Strategic Partnership have fed into the countywide SCS. This GUDIW3ODQLGHQWL¿HGWKHIROORZLQJSULQFLSOHV services at the most appropriate local level, (a partnership organisation that brings Plan is one of the delivery vehicles for the to be woven throughout all the work the delegate budgets. together all the local councils, health, family of sustainable community strategies council delivers:

SROLFH ¿UH DQG UHVFXH EXVLQHVV VHFWRU across the county and works towards References to transport services in the Chapter 3: Our Approach and voluntary and community sector addressing the overarching countywide  ‡ .HHSLQJLWORFDO Corporate Implementation Plan will be organisations) to identify the key challenges YLVLRQ DQG WKH NH\ FKDOOHQJHV LGHQWL¿HG  ‡ /LYLQJZLWKLQRXUPHDQV UHÀHFWHGZLWKLQWKHFRQWHQWRIWKHDQQXDOO\ and priorities in the county. within each of the SCS themes (Fig 3.1).  ‡ 2SHQWRQHZLGHDV updated Implementation Plan. Later More information on the Buckinghamshire  ‡ /RRNLQJWRWKHIXWXUH versions of the Implementation Plan will DQG GLVWULFW VSHFL¿F 6&6 FDQ EH IRXQG DW also take account of the new Corporate www.buckinghamshirepartnership.gov.uk And the following are the top priorities: Plan when this is adopted in 2013. ‡ +HOSLQJ WKH 0RVW 9XOQHUDEOH

The Local Transport Plan Goals and Objectives

Thriving Sustainable Economy Environment Sustainable Community Strategy, Vision Corporate Plan, Plan Objectives Consultation & Safe Health & Cohesive & Engagement Communities Wellbeing Strong Communities

The broad themes of the county’s SCS forms our consultation and engagement activities the overarching goals of the Plan. The SCS were also used to inform the development and Corporate Plan themes combined with of our Plan objectives. Figure 3.2 illustrates our existing polices have contributed to how transport can help to achieve the establishing the Plan objectives. Evidence ¿YH WKHPHV RI WKH 6&6 WKURXJK RXU 3ODQ Fig 3.1: The Buckinghamshire Sustainable Community Strategy Themes on county challenges gathered through objectives.

28 29 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

SCS Themes LTP Objectives SCS Themes LTP Objectives

Improve health by Maintain or improve the encouraging walking and reliability of journey times on Health & cycling key routes Wellbeing Reduce the negative impact Improve connectivity and of poor air quality Thriving access between key centres Economy Our Approach Deliver transport Enable disadvantaged Chapter 3: improvements to support and people to access employment facilitate sustainable housing sites & opportunities and employment growth Chapter 3: Cohesive & Enable disadvantaged Our Approach Ensure local transport people to access key services networks are resilient and Strong and facilities adaptable to shocks and Communities impacts Encourage and support the delivery and planning of local transport services by local groups, communities and Reduce the need to travel individuals

Increase the proportion of Fig 3.2: The Plan Themes and Objectives people travelling by low emission modes of transport Sustainable Environment Protect, improve and Maintenance of Transport The Plan’s Cross cutting maintain the local environment Infrastructure themes

Reduce carbon emissions Although not an objective in itself, The Plan vision and objectives are and waste associated with the maintenance of transport infrastructure VXSSRUWHGE\¿YHFURVVFXWWLQJWKHPHV )LJ Transport Authority is a fundamental aspect of our work 3.3). Three of these have been directly that contributes to many of the above taken from the SCS, and two have been objectives. An effective maintenance taken from the draft BCC Corporate Plan. regime preserves the lifetime and value of These cross cutting themes are evident Reduce the risk of death or RXUURDGVIRRWZD\VEULGJHVWUDI¿FVLJQDOV throughout our approach and will be injury on the county’s roads and lighting and is key to preserving local considered in all the work we undertake. Safe and strategic links. Throughout the rest of this strategy the Communities Reduce crime, fear of crime cross cutting theme icons will be used to and anti-social behaviour on the highlight their consideration. transport network

30 31 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

‡ Responding to Demographic Change - the demographics of the county Innovation DUH GXH WR FKDQJH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ZLWK DQ

ageing population. It is important to Personal identify and plan for these changes. It will be important to ensure that the Plan can incorporate these changes. Change Responsibility

‡ Addressing Inequalities – ensure Responding to Thriving Sustainable all residents and visitors to Buckinghamshire Economy Environment have equal opportunity to access services Demographic Our Approach

Chapter 3: and facilities. The Plan must target those that are disadvantaged and consider how Safe Health & Cohesive & our actions impact on them. Communities Wellbeing Strong

Communities Chapter 3: Our Approach

K ‡ Personal Responsibility – the eeping it Local strategy cannot be successfully delivered without the input and support from the local Inequalities community. The plan must outline the focus for resources and then provide facilitation and co-ordination for local people to help Addressing deliver improvements. Fig 3.3: The Plan Themes and Cross-cutting themes

‡ Keeping it Local – using customer Delivering Our Vision wider Localism agenda. This Localism feedback and working with the residents and agenda will broadly result in: local communities to ensure that resources The current economic climate and the DUH IRFXVHG RQ ORFDO SULRULWLHV DQG ¿QG changes announced since the coalition ‡*UHDWHUGHYROXWLRQIURPQDWLRQDOWLHUV  local solutions that may be community led. Government came to power have of Government to local government; The communities will have more input and VLJQL¿FDQWO\ DIIHFWHG WKH ZD\ WKDW ZH ‡0RUHORFDOO\GHOLYHUHGVHUYLFHVZLWK  LQÀXHQFHLQWRKRZVHUYLFHVDUHGHOLYHUHG plan, manage and focus transport service local community groups taking delivery. In view of the reduced levels a greater role in public service of revenue funding we are expecting to delivery; and ‡ Innovation – ensuring that services receive, and the uncertain nature of capital ‡0RUHHPSRZHUHGORFDOFRPPXQLWLHV  are delivered in a resourceful way and are funding beyond the next two years, we with greater control. provided in a cost effective and targeted must consider new ways of delivering manner. We will provide a service to the transport improvements and in some cases Greater devolution to local government is best of our abilities to residents while reprioritising the services we provide. already in evidence with the removal of the looking to reduce waste and work in more regional tier of government and their growth innovative ways with partners to reduce Big Society targets (housing and employment) that costs. were imposed on local planning authorities.

The Big SocietyLVDÀDJVKLSSROLF\RIWKH This should result in greater power at the coalition Government, and is part of its local level being realised, such as in deciding

32 33 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

future levels of growth appropriate for the transport, it could be decided locally to that LEPs will be involved in future revisions Locally Focused Transport area. It is therefore, important for us as transfer some funding from reactive health RIWKH/,3VDQGLQÀXHQFHSXEOLFDQGSULYDWH Services the local transport authority to assist and care services to support walking and cycling investment in infrastructure and services. guide local communities in determining that will improve health proactively and Balancing a strong strategic focus with levels of growth and plan for this. reduce the overall burden on the health The following four LEPs were successful in responsiveness to the needs of local service. SURJUHVVLQJWKHLUSURSRVDOEH\RQGWKH¿UVW communities has been at the forefront Within transport the funding streams round in late 2010: of our thinking for many years. Our we receive from the DfT have been Local Investment Planning overarching aim is for communities to have consolidated into fewer, with reduced 1 - Hertfordshire JHQXLQHLQÀXHQFHRYHUWKHVHUYLFHVLQWKHLU restrictions on what these can be spent on. Local Investment Plans (LIP) identify the 2 - Oxford City Region area, with elected members acting as a The County Council is expecting greater local priorities that can inform the allocation 3 - Thames Valley Berkshire proactive link between local residents and freedom to allocate resources over the of place based budgets. Buckinghamshire’s 4 - South East Midlands (SEM) ourselves in order to progress schemes at Our Approach Chapter 3: FRXUVH RI WKH QH[W ¿YH \HDUV LQ RUGHU WR LIP outlines and integrates the housing, a local level. deliver our own priorities rather than be economic development and strategic It is understood further LEPs will be given overly concerned with nationally imposed infrastructure plans for the next 20 approval to progress at a later date. We The emphasis of Localism and the Big

targets. In addition to this, Place Based years of the four District Councils and will work to ensure that Buckinghamshire is Chapter 3:

Society model has been fundamental in Our Approach Budgets and Local Investment Plans offer Buckinghamshire County Council. It has adequately represented on the successful our approach for some time as can be seen the opportunity to pool resources, and been produced in partnership with all the LEP proposals to deliver the best possible with the establishment of the county’s local work in partnership with other public and local authorities in the county, the Homes outcomes for the county. In addition, community areas and Local Area Forums private bodies to deliver local priorities. and Communities Agency, Aylesbury Vale we will continue to proactively work with (LAFs). We have embraced the Localism Advantage and BBF. partners, such as BBF and the private agenda since the second Local Transport Total Place initiatives and Place Based sector to ensure that the county is at the Plan with the provision of delegated budgets Budgets We will be actively involved in the forefront of governmental decision making. to LAFs for them to have a greater say forthcoming preparation of the Local over prioritising what money is spent on in Total Place and Place Based Budgets are Investment Agreement (LIA) that will set out their areas (see case study for Haddenham a concept that looks to break down the the proposed investment and interventions and Long Crendon for how this works in administrative boundaries between local for Buckinghamshire, and inform a rolling practice). public sector bodies and departments in three year investment allocation based on the interests of delivering better services VSHFL¿FSURSRVHGLQWHUYHQWLRQV at lower cost. The success of Total Place is dependent on strong leadership and Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs) partnerships, with a good understanding of local needs. In encouraging greater co- The coalition Government is reforming operation between local public services, our system of sub-national economic DQG JLYLQJ WKHP PRUH IUHHGRP WR GH¿QH development by enabling councils and pursue local priorities, the concept and business to replace the Regional is compatible with the thrust of the Big Development Agencies (RDAs) with Local Society concept. Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs.)

,QDGGLWLRQWRHI¿FLHQF\VDYLQJVWKHPRYH The aim of the LEPs is to provide strategic towards more effective cross-agency leadership within their areas, to set out local working will improve levels of customer economic priorities and tackle issues such service and satisfaction. Through Total as planning and housing, local transport Place, funding may be moved between and infrastructure priorities, employment departments to result in lower costs overall and enterprise, and the transition to the to the taxpayer. For instance in terms of low-carbon economy. It is therefore likely

34 35 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Transport Plan we devolved a number of will be extended to include more parish Case study: Haddenham and Long Crendon, LAFs and delegated budgets in action services to local town and parish councils councils, again so local priorities can (see case study). It is hoped that over the be addressed that could otherwise get The Challenge next few years that this type of agreement overlooked by a strategic focus.

Nineteen Local Area Forums, such as the one operating in Haddenham and Long Crendon, were set up to strengthen local democratic accountability by empowering locally elected &RXQFLOORUVWRWDNHGHFLVLRQVDQGVKDSHDQGLQÀXHQFHVHUYLFHGHOLYHU\DQG&RXQFLOSULRULWLHV Case Study: Devolved Services in their local area. The Challenge The Solution Several years ago it was recognised that, as greater pressure was placed on highway

Our Approach Our Local Area Technicians and Transport Localities Team Leaders attend the forums and we maintenance budgets, there were aspects of minor highway maintenance that were taking Chapter 3: a very low priority. As a result parish and town councils were becoming frustrated at the lack support them by allocating delegated budgets. This allows parishes and town councils to bid IRUIXQGLQJWRZDUGVWUDQVSRUWUHODWHGSURMHFWVWKDWZLOODGGEHQH¿WWRWKHORFDOFRPPXQLW\ of response to these more local maintenance issues.

and that under normal circumstances may not have a high enough priority to be carried out Chapter 3: as part of our annual maintenance and works programme. The Solution Our Approach

$WWKH+DGGHQKDP/RFDO$UHD)RUXPLQ0DUFK¿YHVHSDUDWHELGVIRUWUDQVSRUWGHOHJDWHG Following discussions, initially with two of the larger town councils, an agreement was signed funding were received. One such bid was from Haddenham Parish Council who was seeking to allow Chesham and Buckingham Town Councils to undertake minor highway maintenance a contribution towards a cycle path from Willis Road to Woodways. This was primarily to work within their council area, using their own labour resources. The agreement originally encourage more children to cycle to school by providing a safe route. included: sign maintenance; hedge maintenance; and the removal of obstructions and illegal VLJQV7KHVHDJUHHPHQWVKDYHVXEVHTXHQWO\EHHQPRGL¿HGWRLQFUHDVHDFWLYLWLHVDQGQRZ include footway snow clearance and salting. The Outcome We contribute a cash limited sum, subject to the size of the town or parish, to cover expended As a result of the comprehensive Haddenham bid the County Council and other members of costs for the works undertaken. The parish and town councils are encouraged to match fund the Local Area Forum agreed to make a contribution towards the cycle path. This path has wherever possible. The agreements has been extended from the original two town councils meant that space is now provided for younger children to learn to ride a bicycle away from to include a further six town and parish councils throughout the county. WKHWUDI¿FDQGKDVDOORZHGHOGHUO\DQGGLVDEOHGXVHUVWRXVHWKHLUPRELOLW\VFRRWHUVRQWKHLU way to the health and community centres. The Outcome

Local area partnership working such as this is helpful in meeting local priorities and involving We have received positive feedback from the parish and town councils. The agreement local people in transport service decision making and delivery. SURYLGHVWKHPZLWKWKHÀH[LELOLW\WRSULRULWLVHORFDOO\LPSRUWDQWPLQRUPDLQWHQDQFHLVVXHV that often would not be addressed as a priority.

The successful implementation of the Big deliverer, to supporter and facilitator. Society concept within Buckinghamshire empowers local people, local bodies We currently, and will continue to, provide DQG HOHFWHG RI¿FLDOV  8OWLPDWHO\ LW JLYHV local groups with delegated budgets There will always be a need to pool transport interventions and services, whilst communities greater freedom in the to undertake certain activities. Local resources to ensure that effective strategic facilitating the local community to deliver SXUVXLW RI ORFDOO\ GH¿QHG SULRULWLHV ZKLOVW communities are increasingly likely to be planning of the transport network and schemes that they want. encouraging them to increase their better placed to unlock and channel local service improvements occurs to ensure that involvement in the delivery of interventions. involvement and enthusiasm that can come the County Council delivers its statutory It is essential that we continue to work with As a consequence, our role may effectively WRJHWKHUWRRYHUFRPHORFDOO\LGHQWL¿HGDQG and core functions (see page 45). It is partners in the adoption and development change from one of service planner and prioritised issues. During the second Local therefore our mission to progress these of both the Big Society and Total Place

36 37 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

concepts. If local priorities and expectations Revenue funding is used for our road These acute funding pressures will greatly The coalition Government has radically are to be met over the course of this Plan safety activities, public transport support, impact our ability to provide all the VLPSOL¿HG DQG UHIRUPHG ORFDO WUDQVSRUW it is imperative that we are fully committed sustainable travel activities, policy and transport services we have been able to funding, moving from 26 grant streams to to these new ways of working. strategy work, highway maintenance works deliver previously. Therefore, we need the following four from 2011-12: and our staff costs. For a number of years to look to prioritise the services we do Highways and Transport the County Council has expressed concern at deliver and deliver these in different ways. 1 - Local Sustainable Transport Fund the low revenue settlements it has received, Highway maintenance remains a priority (LSTF): (capital and revenue) Government Funding GXHWRLWVVWDWXVDVDÀRRUDXWKRULW\2XU for the short term since it costs us more has set aside £560 million available in the already cash limited funding position is set in the long term if we do not maintain our IRXU \HDU SHULRG XS WR  RSHQ WR The coalition Government is determined to to continue for the foreseeable future (Fig assets properly in the short term. local authorities outside London to bid for UDSLGO\UHGXFHWKHFRXQWU\¶VEXGJHWGH¿FLW 3.4). Transport service pressures are not funding to support packages of transport and has announced major reductions in only a result of constrained revenue funding, Capital funding is used to build new interventions that: support economic

Our Approach public funding. Local government funding

Chapter 3: EXWDOVRDUHVXOWRILQÀDWLRQLQFUHDVLQJWKH RU WR VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LPSURYH WUDQVSRUW growth and reduce carbon emissions in their is being squeezed and will continue to be cost of services and additional demands infrastructure. This could include new or communities; deliver cleaner environments for the foreseeable future. on the service that we have not been fully improved roads and junctions, footways and and improved air quality; enhanced safety;

resourced to cover. Transport has gained cycleways, or bus priority measures. The and reduced congestion. Bids from local Chapter 3:

This squeeze is being most keenly felt in our Our Approach QHZUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVIURPRQÀRRG Government recognises the important role transport authorities will be particularly revenue budgets. Over the next three year management and concessionary fares of transport to the UK economy, and has welcome if they can demonstrate support medium term planning cycle, the County administration. The latter currently costs underlined this with a better than expected from, and the involvement of, voluntary Council has had to shave an additional £56 approximately £700k more than the grant PDLQWHQDQFHFDSLWDODOORFDWLRQIRU and community organisations and the million off its budget. The graph below we have received to pay for it. DQG )LJ ZKLFKZLOOLPSURYH private sector. highlights the implications of this funding the condition of our transport infrastructure. position for the transportation service. We are also expecting slightly higher 2 - Major schemes (capital): Open to levels of integrated block capital funding local authorities to bid for to fund major compared to recent years too (see below schemes. for the distinction between maintenance 35,000,000 and integrated capital). Beyond the next 3 - Block funding for highways 30,000,000 two years however, the outlook for capital maintenance: (capital) to be allocated 25,000,000 funding is very uncertain. based on a needs based formula. 20,000,000 15,000,000 Buckinghamshire County Council’s position 4 – Integrated block funding for small transport improvement schemes: 10,000,000 DVD ÀRRUDXWKRULW\ KDVSUHYLRXVO\PHDQW that it was unable to take up supported (capital) to help local authorities improve 5,000,000 borrowing allocations by the DfT due to road safety, stimulate local economies 0 its funding restrictions. We have lobbied by reducing congestion, and encourage for a change to the supported borrowing sustainable travel in their local communities. mechanism and the coalition Government The funding will be allocated according to has decided to release funding as 100% a needs-based formula agreed with local  grant funding. The availability of the full authorities. Maintenance Capital Integrated Block Capital funding allocation as a grant means that Transport Revenue Other Capital we can spend the full allocation, whereas Whilst we receive indications as to how Client Transport Revenue before we were never able to. Ultimately much integrated and maintenance block this means there will be more money to funding we will receive in the future, the Fig 3.4: Capital and Revenue spend, actual and projected (n.b. Client Transport budget has only spend on both structural maintenance and amounts that could be received from the been ring fenced since 2008. Transport revenue excludes concessionary fares allocation given to integrated transport, enabling us to make ¿UVWWZRVRXUFHVUHPDLQXQNQRZQ)LJXUH %&&IURP  good progress early in the Plan period 3.4 shows how in the past few years other against our objectives. 38 39 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

FDSLWDO IXQGLQJ KDV YDULHG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ EHQH¿W IURP WKH WUDQVSRUW LPSURYHPHQWV Potential Future Funding and sustainability of new housing and UHÀHFWLQJ VLJQL¿FDQW RQHRII LQYHVWPHQWV funded. The High Wycombe area and Streams commercial developments. From a transport received for schemes such as the Stoke Aylesbury have there own District Council perspective, these contributions have Hammond and Linslade Western Bypass administered mechanisms in place to It is clear that public sector funding LQFOXGHG UHYHQXH VXEVLGLHV IRU QHZ DQG and the Aylesbury Hub scheme. We do capture this developer funding (WTS and for transport, certainly for revenue but or existing bus services; the construction not expect to receive any major scheme ALUTS), but countywide we also secure potentially for capital too later in the Plan of cycling and walking routes; and funding in the short term, but are hopeful payments directly in negotiation with period, will come under particular pressure. improvements to the local road capacity. we will be successful in obtaining some developers. Figure 3.5 shows the amount Local authorities cannot continue to rely on funding from the LSTF. of transport funding obtained through existing funding streams. Consequently, As major development resumes following WKHVHFRQWULEXWLRQVLQWKHODVW¿YH\HDUV we will take innovative steps to identify the economic downturn we will continue In addition to the above sources, a further alternative sources of funding for community to work closely with the district planning important source of funding for transport Funding from developers inevitably infrastructure. These will be examined and authorities and transport operators to Our Approach Chapter 3: improvements comes from private relies on levels of growth and building progressed in partnership with our district ensure that developers make reasonable development. New developments and land in the county and therefore, can be very planning authorities, developers, the and effective contributions to transport use changes impact on the operation of volatile particularly during recessions as voluntary and community sector, and other infrastructure and services.

the transport system when they generate experienced in the last few years. Typically Chapter 3:

partners such as BBF. Our Approach additional travel demand. To mitigate their we receive in the region of £1-2 million Community Infrastructure Levy impact on the transport system they can from these developer sources for transport Tax Increment Financing be required to either implement on or off improvements that could include new The Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) site measures themselves, or pay money LQIUDVWUXFWXUH UHYHQXH VXSSRUW IRU QHZ The coalition Government has recently is a new planning charge, the regulations to BCC to fund transport improvements improved bus services, or travel behaviour announced their intentions to introduce for which came into force in April 2010. WKDWXVHUVRIWKHLUGHYHORSPHQWZLOOEHQH¿W change initiatives. The current method Tax Increment Financing (TIF). This Local authorities in England and Wales will from, under section 106 (S106) of the of capturing developer contributions for could potentially give local authorities new be empowered, but not required, to charge Town and Country Planning Act 1990. transport will shortly be changing in some borrowing powers. The UK TIF model is CIL on most types of development in their There are strict guidelines on suitable areas with local authorities now empowered based on reinvesting a proportion of future areas. The proceeds of the levy will provide levels of contribution and what the money to charge a Community Infrastructure Levy business rates back into infrastructure and new local and sub-regional infrastructure obtained can be spent on. Inevitably (see overleaf for details). related development. to support the development of an area in those areas that accommodate growth will line with local authority development plans. generate the most contributions and hence The UK TIF model is about identifying schemes that are low risk but will deliver Funding via the new CIL system for 2,500,000.00 LPSRUWDQW EHQH¿WV LQ WHUPV RI MREV key infrastructure will be an important economic growth and physical and social means of delivering parts of this Plan, 2,000,000.00 regeneration. The County Council will work whether directly by us, or by delivery at in partnership with the District Councils to a neighbourhood level. Whilst the local 1,500,000.00 examine whether the UK TIF model could planning authorities will, amongst other things, set the criteria and charge rate for

£ Reciepts 1,000,000.00 be fully adopted in Buckinghamshire to deliver our infrastructure needs. CIL, we will be a key stakeholder involved in the work to determine the CIL charge 500,000.00 Developer Contributions rate and prioritising what the income is 0.00 ultimately spent on. 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 With assistance from us the county’s Year district planning authorities have been Regional Growth Fund WTS Payments ALUTS Payments BCC S106 transport reciepts particularly successful at negotiating and Over the next three years the Department Fig 3.5: S106 payments received from developers to pay for transport improvements (2006-2010) securing Section 106 Agreements that for Transport is contributing around a third of VRXUFH%&&$9'&DQG:'& 1RWH$/876SD\PHQWVDUH¿QDQFLDO\HDUWRWDO%&&DQG:76DUH have improved the quality, accessibility the funding for the £1.4bn Regional Growth calendar year.

40 41 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Fund. Part of the fund will be bid-based Council, Ringway Jacobs Ltd and Amey providing local authorities and businesses Plc - that work together in partnership to Case Study: Transport for Buckinghamshire Innovation - Service Information with the opportunity to submit proposals deliver the functions of the local transport Centre for packages of schemes that will have a authority. transformational impact. The fund will be The Challenge used by the Government as a means of $QXPEHURIEHQH¿WVKDYHEHHQLGHQWL¿HG consolidating many of the existing funding and realised as a direct result of the new We were receiving a large number of calls from the County Council’s contact centre and streams designed to support sub-national arrangements. The single organisational ZHZHUHUHFHLYLQJQHJDWLYHPHGLDFRYHUDJHVLPSO\EHFDXVHSHRSOHZHUH¿QGLQJLWGLI¿FXOW economic growth, enabling more effective structure has removed unnecessary to access information on how services were delivered. For example in the winter of 2009 co-ordination and prioritisation of funding. barriers to effective communication and operatives were providing a good level of winter maintenance service but faced criticism We will therefore seek to establish a multi- improved partnership working making the as the public lacked an understanding about how the service was delivered. We were also agency working group to help develop best use of combined skills and resources. being criticised for street works on the highway that were being carried out by third parties. Our Approach

Chapter 3: potential bids to the Regional Growth Fund. When required, we can “reach-back” to WKH VLJQL¿FDQW UHVRXUFHV DQG VNLOOV RI WKH The Solution Transport Service Delivery commercial partners to address current

resource needs. Economies of scale realised We have invested in the Service Information Centre (SIC) (www.transportforbucks.net). Chapter 3:

Now and in the Future Our Approach through increased purchasing power has The purpose built website allows us to promote the whole service that we provide online. Members of the public can receive up-to-date information on where we are working on the 7KHPRVWVLJQL¿FDQWFKDQJHLQUHFHQW\HDUV delivered savings across the organisation highway and our future programme of works. It also allows them to report highway defects in how the transport service is delivered (please refer to the Implementation Plan and to see if these defects have already been reported before having to do it themselves. across the county has been the formation for further details). 7KHSXEOLFFDQDOVRORRNXSZKRLVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUVSHFL¿FVWUHHWZRUNVZKLFKLVSDUWLFXODUO\ of Transport for Buckinghamshire. useful when we are not carrying out those works directly. During winter we also publish our Transport for Buckinghamshire was formed Utilising new technology and integrating the salting routes in “real-time”. in April 2009 bringing together the best way information is received and utilised has of private sector expertise and business been a feature of the business approach. The Outcome excellence with public sector local transport This is illustrated in the following case knowledge and delivery. Transport for study about the award winning (National By offering real time information about where we are working and who is responsible for Buckinghamshire is the collective name Highways Magazine Excellence Award for ZRUNVDWVSHFL¿FVLWHVLWKDVDOORZHGXVWRSURPRWHWKHVHUYLFHDQGEXLOGDQXQGHUVWDQGLQJ for selected employees from three the most innovative local authority project with the public and press of the work we do. This has resulted in fewer phone calls coming organisations - Buckinghamshire County of the year 2010) Service Information Centre: into the contact centre and a reduction in negative media coverage.

How Services may be delivered in the partnership with a number of public and future SULYDWHRUJDQLVDWLRQVWRLQÀXHQFHVHUYLFHV not in our control but which impact on Over the course of the two previous Plans, transport, such as the land use planning the County Council’s transport service responsibility of the District Councils, and has undertaken a traditional transport the transport services provided by private service delivery role that has been largely railway and bus operators. This model of responsible for the funding and delivery of service delivery has been successful over transport asset maintenance. In addition, the last ten years. We will continue to it has meant we have been heavily involved build on this success whilst adapting our in the delivery of transport enhancements delivery model to the needs of the Localism using public funding or money secured DJHQGDDQGUHÀHFWLQJWKHOLNHO\FRQVWUDLQWV from developers to mitigate the impact RQSXEOLF¿QDQFHV of their developments. We worked in

42 43 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

'XH WR ¿QDQFLDO FLUFXPVWDQFHV DQG WKH and provider of all transport service 2QFH WKH EXVLQHVV SODQV DUH ¿QDOLVHG As the local transport authority for personal and community responsibility improvements. Instead we must also look work commences on delivering the annual Buckinghamshire, our core functions ethos of the Big Society, it is expected to inform, facilitate and support transport programme of works. The delivery of include: that over the course of this Plan the improvements and services delivered by work is rigorously scrutinised through the ‡ 0DQDJH WUDI¿F DQG DFWLYLWLHV RQ Council’s transportation service will have to others (Fig 3.6). performance management framework the highway network to reduce levels withdraw from being the primary planner that uses the innovative and highly of congestion and ensure effective and effective TRANstat system. This monitors HI¿FLHQWPRYHPHQW performance against local targets by LQWHJUDWLQJ RSHUDWLRQDO DQG ¿QDQFLDO ‡ 3HUIRUP D WUDQVSRUW GHYHORSPHQW Changing management with performance monitoring. control function including commenting on Plan Models of Plan Service Every month there are TRANstat planning applications, inspecting developer Delivery meetings between senior managers and works on the highway and responding to Our Approach

Chapter 3: representatives from each of the business land searches and development enquiries. units. At these sessions the business units DUH FKDOOHQJHG RQ SHUIRUPDQFH ¿QDQFH ‡ 0DQDJHPHQWDQGHQIRUFHPHQWRIRQ

and risk management plans. street car parking. Chapter 3: Our Approach

Further information on Transport for ‡ &RRUGLQDWH DOO URDG ZRUNV WR Deliver Support Buckinghamshire’s business planning minimise congestion on the highway. ,QÀXHQFH Deliver ,QÀXHQFH & Facilitate process and performance framework is provided in the Implementation Plan. ‡ &RQWULEXWH WR UHGXFLQJ FDUERQ emissions from County Council operations. Fig 3.6: Current and future roles of the local transport authority. Delivering our priorities ‡ 3URYLGLQJ WKH FOLHQW WUDQVSRUW Other groups will be involved in the deliver Business Planning and Performance We have received much local and national VHUYLFH ZKLFK %&& XVHV WR IXO¿O LWV of transport services. This may include Management acclaim for our innovative and forward statutory requirements to provide transport individual residents performing a very local thinking approach to transport planning for children to access their nearest school service, such as cutting grass or salting the We have a well established business and practice. Our integrated delivery model and enable vulnerable adults and children footway along their street; or larger local planning and performance management (Ringway Jacobs, Amey and BCC) has to access key services. groupings may be able to deliver larger scale culture with an ethos of continual received much praise as an effective and services and improvements in their local performance monitoring embedded within HI¿FLHQW PRGHOWR GHOLYHU WKH IXQFWLRQVRI ‡ 3UHVHUYH WKH YDOXH RI WUDQVSRUW area. These groups could include town and our approach to transport delivery and the local transport authority. We continue infrastructure and ensure its safe operation parish councils, local residents, volunteer or business planning process. WRVWULYHWREHWKHPRVWHI¿FLHQWWUDQVSRUW through cost effective maintenance. charity groups, or local businesses. Early authority, that works locally to support and in this Plan period we will explore with such Our business planning process helps GHOLYHUWUDQVSRUWVHUYLFHVIRUWKHEHQH¿WRI ‡ (QVXUHWUDQVSRUWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHVXFK groups the kinds of services that they will PDQDJHWKHGHOLYHU\RIHI¿FLHQWWUDQVSRUW its customers. as roads and pavements, bridges and be willing to deliver with updates provided services on an annual basis. The teams lighting columns are maintained to ensure within the annual Implementation Plan. submit schemes and activities that they We continue to embrace new ideas and their continued operation. These could feasibly include community LQWHQG WR GHOLYHU ZLWKLQ WKH QH[W ¿QDQFLDO innovation. Where our partners have transport services, small scale maintenance year to support the Plan's strategy. All the demonstrated new best practice, we are ‡ 3URPRWH WKH XVH RI VXVWDLQDEOH work, walking and cycling improvements schemes are assessed and prioritised based quick to learn from them and incorporate travel and transport by school children and and sustainable travel and road safety on cost, location, value for money and their strengths into our work. We are keen young people. promotional activities. contribution towards the Plan’s objectives. to continue our reputation as a forward The tool that performs this activity is thinking local transport authority and are ‡ 0RQLWRUDQGPDLQWDLQOHYHOVRIURDG the Activity Prioritisation Tool (see the always looking for opportunities to excel in safety on the transport network. Implementation Plan for further detail). delivering novel and pioneering transport activities. 44 45 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

‡ &RQVLGHU WKH DFFHVVLELOLW\ QHHGV RI Management and Tackling Congestion; New elderly and disabled people. Infrastructure; and Partnership Working. Management Maintenance & Tackling ‡ )URP $SULO  DGPLQLVWHU ‡ Maintenance: how we maintain Congestion concessionary fares. the roads, footpaths and infrastructure (such as bridges and street lighting). Innovation ‡ (QVXUH SDVVHQJHU WUDQVSRUW ‡ Behaviour Change: how we can information is accessible. encourage people to change their travel Personal habits through promotion, information and ‡ $GRSWDQGPDLQWDLQDORFDOWUDQVSRUW training. plan detailing our transport strategy. ‡ Management and Tackling Responsibility CongestionKRZZHFRQWUROWUDI¿FWUDYHO Our Approach

Chapter 3: ‡ 7DNH WKH ÀRRG PDQDJHPHQW OHDG and parking. Responding to Thriving Sustainable ‡ New Infrastructure: the building IRUWKH&RXQW\&RXQFLODFWLQJRQWKHÀRRG Economy Environment management duty. of new or expanded roads, junctions and Demographic Change

structures, and new or improved footways, Chapter 3: Our Approach ‡ 7DNH WKH OHDG IRU WKH FRXQW\ RQ cycleways, crossings, bus stops, cycle Cohesive & transport associated noise management. racks. Safe Health & Strong ‡ Partnership Working with, Communities Wellbeing Partnership Communities As outlined previously (Chapter 2), there among others, district, town and parish Behaviour Working DUH VLJQL¿FDQW SDUWV RI WKH WUDQVSRUW councils, Government departments, private K Change eeping it Local network that we as the local transport developers, transport service providers authority do not directly control, most such as railway and bus companies, the notably the strategic national highway local business community, schools, or local network and railway network (including community and resident groups. London Underground). In addition, the bus network is delivered in the most part It is within these categories of activity Addressing Inequalities by private suppliers, as are private hire that we will endeavour to deliver the Plan vehicles and taxis. themes and objectives (Fig 3.7).

As a local transport authority our New Infrastructure DFWLYLWLHVIDOOZLWKLQ¿YHEURDGFDWHJRULHV Maintenance; Behaviour Change;

Figure 3.7: Delivering the Plan’s Themes

46 47 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’SBUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCALLOCAL TRANSPORTTRANSPORTPL PLANAN 22011-2016011-2016

Realising the SCS Themes and our Objectives

This Plan is a robust, evidence-based strategy established on thorough and ongoing analysis of national, cross-boundary and local transport challenges and opportunities that affect Buckinghamshire.

7KHIROORZLQJ¿YHVHFWLRQVRXWOLQHVWKLVQDWLRQDODQGFRXQW\SLFWXUHXQGHUHDFKRIWKH6&6 themes:

 ‡ 7KULYLQJ(FRQRP\  ‡ 6XVWDLQDEOH(QYLURQPHQW  ‡ 6DIH&RPPXQLWLHV  ‡ +HDOWKDQG:HOOEHLQJ  ‡ &RKHVLYHDQG6WURQJ&RPPXQLWLHV

Transport can act as an enabler or barrier to achieving these overarching aims. In each VHFWLRQWKHVSHFL¿FWUDQVSRUWFKDOOHQJHVKDYHEHHQLGHQWL¿HGDORQJZLWKWKHVROXWLRQVWKDW transport can offer in order to mitigate or resolve the issues.

7KHDSSURDFKRXWOLQHGLQWKHIROORZLQJSDJHVJLYHVDÀDYRXURIWKHPHDVXUHVWKDWZHZRXOG like to develop and deliver over the Plan period, subject to funding. The Implementation Plan and future revisions of it will outline the annual funding availability and how this will shape our overall programme.

48 49 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Chapter 4: Thriving Economy $QHI¿FLHQWDQGHIIHFWLYHWUDQVSRUWQHWZRUN Cohesive and Strong Communities, but Buckinghamshire wants to further strengthen its existing wealth and become recognised as is vital to economic development. Current also the economic growth potential from DJOREDOFHQWUHIRUHQWHUSULVHDQGHQWUHSUHQHXUVKLSHYHQLQWKHVHGLI¿FXOWHFRQRPLFWLPHV UK economic conditions, and the strong sustainable and low carbon technology) Failure to deliver new housing in balance with new local services and employment provision will links and interdependencies between underline that supporting a Thriving DGGWRWKHFXUUHQWSUREOHPVRIFRPPXWLQJDQGURDGWUDI¿F economic growth and our other Plan Economy is a the highest priority over this themes (notably Health and Wellbeing and Plan period. Introduction

Buckinghamshire is emerging from the many of the challenges posed by the current recession as one of the best performing ¿VFDO FOLPDWH  7KH SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH A Comparison Between Average Salaries in local economies in the UK (Table 4.1 Buckinghamshire economy is summarised Buckinghamshire, South East and England and Fig 4.1). The county exhibits low below. Not only does Buckinghamshire 35,000 deprivation coupled with high productivity, perform above the national level on all high earnings (Fig 4.2), high employment indicators, but in most cases it outperforms 30,000 the South East as well. and high skills. These attributes provide 25,000 Buckinghamshire with the basis to meet Thriving Economy 20,000 Buckinghamshire

Chapter 4: £ South East 15,000 England 10,000

5,000 Chapter 4: Thriving Economy 0 Workplace Annual Full Residence Annual Full

Workplace Annual Full Workplace Time median (£), 2009 Annual Full Residence Time median (£), 2009 Age Population Working 4XDOL¿HGWR194 (%), 2008 Age Population Working 4XDOL¿HGWR194 (%), 2008 Age Population Working ZLWKQR4XDOL¿FDWLRQV (%), 2008 New Business (per Rate Registration 2008 10,000 residents), Age Working (%), Rate Employment 2008 Age Self- Working (%), Rate Employment 2008 Time median (£), 2009 Time median (£), 2009 Buckinghamshire 29,252 32,120 35.6 71.9 8.7 79.7 79.7 13.6 South East 27,493 28,663 33.6 73.1 8.5 60.0 78.5 10.4 Fig 4.2: Comparison of average salaries in Buckinghamshire, South East England England 26,138 26,148 30.5 69.4 11.9 57.2 74.2 9.4 and England (Source: BCC Local Economic Assessment) Table 4.1: Summary economic comparison between Buckinghamshire, South East England and England (Source: BCC Local Economic Assessment)

National Context A Comparision between the New Business Registration Rate and Working Age Employment & Self-Employment Rates in the previous three. It also highlights that Buckinghamshire, South East & England The UK recession began in the April-to- June quarter of 2008. The country’s Gross in each of the previous recessions there 90 ZHUHIXUWKHUIDOOVLQ*'3DIWHUWKHRI¿FLDO 80 Domestic Product (GDP) fell by six percent 70 end of the recession, and GDP took three 60 Buckinghamshire in the 18 months to September 2009, to 50 years to return to pre-recession levels. 40 South East stand at £315.5 billion. Figure 4.3 illustrates 30 20 England that this recession was more severe than 10 0 New Business Working Age Working Age Self- Registration Rate Employment Rate Employment Rate (per 10,000 (%), 2008 (%), 2008 residents), 2008

Fig 4.1: Comparison of new business registration rates, working age employment and self employment rates in Buckinghamshire, South East England 50 and England (Source: BCC Local Economic Assessment) 51 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

County Challenges

GDP (Recession Q1=100, constant prices) Gross Value Added (GVA) per head (Table 108 Overall, Buckinghamshire has a Thriving 4.2). However, over recent years, the Economy with a low level of registered growth of Buckinghamshire’s economy has 106 Recession unemployment, and the workforce is been slower than that recorded for both JHQHUDOO\KLJKO\TXDOL¿HGZLWKPDQ\EHLQJ 104 the South East and the UK overall. There PDQDJHUVVHQLRURI¿FLDOVDQGLQSURIHVVLRQDO is a fear that if growth is not managed occupations. There are growing concerns 102 effectively across the county that provides about the county’s shortage of suitable a better balance between new jobs, new staff, a skills gap and retention problems. 100 homes and the local skill base, then the economy could be adversely affected. 98 Buckinghamshire has a highly productive 2008 1990 96 local economy and generates £22,289 1980 1973 GVA GVA per head 94 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20 Change Change Change Change £ million £ 2006/07 2000/7 2006/07 2000/7 Thriving Economy Buckinghamshire 10,935 3.7 37.9 22,289 3.0 34.1

Chapter 4: Fig 4.3: Economic Growth in recession, as measured by Gross Domestic Product South East 176,541 5.3 43.4 21,847 4.4 36.7 (Q1 =100) (Source: ONS, 2010) United Kingdom 1,245,735 5.5 44.1 20,430 4.8 39.2

Table 4.2: Comparison of GVA and GVA per head between Buckinghamshire, Chapter 4: As a direct response to the current national aim to deliver local improvements that also South East England and England (Source: ONS, Regional Accounts, 2009) Thriving Economy economic situation the Government have contribute to the country’s wider economic focused on regeneration and supporting recovery. 7KH6&6LGHQWL¿HVWKHIROORZLQJREMHFWLYHV To support the delivery of these objectives SULYDWHVHFWRUEXVLQHVVJURZWKWRLQFUHDVH to support and enhance the county’s it is important for the private and public GDP. Transport plays an important role in The Government currently supports the economy: sector to address the following three facilitating economic growth and renewal. building of a high speed rail network to challenges: Therefore the Thriving Economy objective support national economic growth, linking ‡3URYLGH  VXSSRUW IRU H[LVWLQJ is both ours and the country’s main area of London and the continent to the Midlands. businesses; ‡(PSOR\PHQW  JURZWK DQG FUHDWLQJ focus at this time. The currently preferred route will pass ‡(QFRXUDJHLQZDUGLQYHVWPHQW  the right climate for jobs through the heart of Buckinghamshire, ‡'HYHORS  ZRUOG FODVV EXVLQHVV ‡+RXVLQJ  JURZWK LQFOXGLQJ GHOLYHU\ In order to achieve this highly important and is set to have a profound impact clusters; of affordable housing objective it is essential that the business on the county. Annual revisions of the ‡([SORLWQHZWHFKQRORJ\SDUWLFXODUO\  ‡5HJHQHUDWLRQDQGUHQHZDORIWRZQ  community is continually engaged Implementation Plan will include an IT and broadband; centres and provide leadership to ensure the update on high speed rail proposals and ‡&UHDWH  MRE RSSRUWXQLWLHV WR PDWFK appropriate interventions are developed consideration of its impacts on the county the substantial planned population and progressed. The Government are and the County Council’s position. growth; keen to establish LEPs through which local ‡(QVXUH  WKH ULJKW ZRUNIRUFH LV authorities and businesses will outline and available at the right time to match local business need; ‡'HYHORSWRXULVPLQWKHDUHDDQG  ‡&DSLWDOLVHRQWKHRSSRUWXQLWLHVWKDW  London 2012 Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games provide.

52 53 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Employment growth and creating the KLVWRULFDOO\ ORZ SUR¿OH DSSURDFK WR right climate for jobs attracting new investment in the National, County & District Employment Projections

more attractive southern districts of 108.0 Buckinghamshire appears to be well the county and the associated low 106.0 placed to attract inward investment from employment land allocations. 104.0 UK key knowledge-based sectors, but job ‡7KH  SUHVHQFH RI UHODWLYHO\ IHZ 102.0 South East generation in the county is consistently large private sector employers. This 100.0 Aylesbury Vale 98.0 Chiltern

below the national average. Rents appear serves to reinforce a perception Levels to be at a reasonable rate; however the that the county lacks the ‘critical 96.0 South Bucks Wycombe county is perceived by businesses as a mass’ required to attract large-scale 94.0 less viable alternative compared with inward investment. 92.0 neighbouring areas. As a direct result, ‡,Q  :\FRPEH SDUWLFXODUO\ WKHUH 90.0 interest from investors and developers is has been a reduction in the 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 limited (Source: MKAV DaSTS Study) manufacturing base that has not Year been entirely redressed by increases The county lags behind other areas in other sectors. in the South East in terms of inward Fig 4.4: Employment Projections to 2017 (2008=100) (Source: Experian, 2010)

Thriving Economy LQYHVWPHQWDQGWKLVLVUHÀHFWHGLQWKHFOHDU The recent economic downturn has had

Chapter 4: imbalance between jobs and workers. a severe impact in Buckinghamshire with Although, in recent years the number job losses in the banking, insurance and of emerging entrepreneurs and the take local government sectors. It is recognised up of starter business units with fewer that the continued affects on individuals Chapter 4: WKDQ ¿YH HPSOR\HHV KDV ULVHQ DFURVV and communities are likely to be felt Private sector investment that often leads the private sector to follow. Investors Thriving Economy Buckinghamshire. Translating the county’s RYHU WKH VKRUWPHGLXP WHUP DV UHÀHFWHG to job creation has been hindered by the need to be certain that the right climate entrepreneurial spirit into sustained in the Buckinghamshire Local Economic perception that parts of Buckinghamshire exists and the relevant skills are available. business growth and the development of Assessment (LEA). Fig 4.4 is an updated are poorly connected to other parts of the The recent developments of Aylesbury knowledge-based clusters remains a major extract from the LEA, and shows Aylesbury South East and country, most notably the College and the Bucks New University challenge. (Source: MKAV DaSTS Study) Vale and South Bucks are expected to north of the county. have helped to meet some of the future return to pre 2008 job levels much faster training, development and lifelong learning There are a number of factors that could than either the UK or South East England In addition, Buckinghamshire has problems requirements. In addition, the National explain why Buckinghamshire has been average. Wycombe district will take longer competing with neighbouring employment Enterprise Academy headquarters is XQDEOH WR JHQHUDWH VXI¿FLHQW HFRQRPLF than the other three districts to recover. centres, in particular London and the expected to open in Aylesbury in 2012. growth to support more of its residents Thames Valley due to the size and level of This will support the creation of our next and reduce out commuting levels. These investment these areas have received over generation of entrepreneurs that can only include: recent years. Local planning authorities support employment and economic growth can allocate employment sites to provide LI WKH EHQH¿WV DUH UHWDLQHG DQG QXUWXUHG ‡+LVWRULF  IDFWRUV VXFK DV WKH ODFN RI jobs to support local housing growth; within the county. large defence establishments found however success requires investors from in neighbouring counties that have morphed into high tech clusters. ‡*HRJUDSKLFDO  IDFWRUV VXFK DV WKH most attractive and accessible land for inward investment is constrained E\ WKH *UHHQ %HOW DQGRU WKH Chilterns AONB. ‡3ROLF\  IDFWRUV DULVLQJ IURP D

54 55 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Housing growth, including delivery of South Bucks Core strategy adopted Work started on +*9)UHLJKWLVVXHV affordable housing Plan is abolished along with its associated (Feb 2011). their Development particularly around housing and employment targets. This Management and Iver and Richings Park, Local transport and land use planning are ZDVFRQ¿UPHGZLWKWKHSXEOLFDWLRQRIWKH Townscape and congestion issues at inextricably linked. This Plan has been Localism Bill. As a direct result, parishes character DPD. %HDFRQV¿HOG $$  developed with the assistance of the through the development of neighbourhood accessibility, demographic change, environmental county’s local planning authorities (District plans are now able to determine the level pressures, carbon &RXQFLOV  DQG XOWLPDWHO\ UHÀHFWV DQG of development in their area. footprint, motorway air supports the proposals and developments quality impact. contained within their LDFs. The planning An LDF comprises a Core Strategy with Wycombe Core strategy adopted LDF Designation and Growth In High Wycombe, system is currently going through major separate documents providing greater but could be subject Site Allocation (DSA) High Wycombe town changes and the form that local planning will detail on the long term strategic proposals to review in the future strategy currently in centre proposals, air take in the districts is still being developed. and policies. At the time of the Plan if housing targets are draft form. Green quality, ageing and This is a direct result of the Government’s publication, these were at various stages likely to decrease. ¿HOGVLWHVDUHOLNHO\ declining population, in announcement that the Regional Spatial of development, summarised in Table 4.3. to be removed prior commuting pressures, to be submission pockets of deprivation, and housing targets rural accessibility, Marlow

Thriving Economy reviewed over next and Princes Risborough two years. vitality, development Chapter 4: District Core strategy Other LDF Key (emerging) issues Council status documents adopted of relevance to the Plan pressure on the high Aylesbury Draft core strategy None Housing and employment quality environment.

Vale has been withdrawn. growth is likely to occur Chapter 4: Table 4.3: Buckinghamshire Local Development Frameworks, current status and

AVDC housing targets in towns like Aylesbury Thriving Economy are being revised and and Buckingham. Other key issues reviewed during 2011. transport related, land AVDC is opting for a use planning issues bottom up approach include strengthening As a direct result of the abolition of the are outlined in more detail in the LTP Local and is engaging with the economy to reduce Regional Spatial Plan, Buckinghamshire is Area Strategies. parishes to encourage out commuting; no longer bound to the target of around Neigbourhood Plans. responding to an ageing 40,000 new houses by 2026. However it To effectively support and facilitate the population; addressing appears likely that we will need to plan for VLJQL¿FDQWKRXVLQJJURZWKWKHUHLVDQHHG rural accessibility, health VLJQL¿FDQWKRXVLQJJURZWKLQRUGHUWRFDWHU for major new infrastructure and increased inequalities, perceived lack for the rise in demand due to changes in access to services such as healthcare, of connectivity, congestion and air quality problems – demographics and household trends. education and leisure. The way developer notably in Aylesbury. funding is secured is also expected to Chiltern Draft core strategy Once the core $JHLQJSRSXODWLRQWUDI¿F Balancing housing growth and a Thriving change over the course of the Plan with the published and strategy has been generated by commuting, Economy, while maintaining residents’ local planning authorities able to impose a submitted to adopted they will carbon emissions, housing quality of life, is one of our biggest challenges. Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL). As Government with start developing their growth pressures, The appropriate balance between jobs and outlined previously, this can be used to fund reduced housing delivery strategy accessibility to services, housing needs to be achieved in order to transport infrastructure and neighbourhood targets. Inspectors Development Plan surface water in Chesham. create sustainable settlements. The growth plan proposals. questions have been Document (DPD). Congestion in Chesham of Aylesbury and High Wycombe will create received. Examination and Amersham. DQXPEHURIVLJQL¿FDQWFKDOOHQJHVWKDWZLOO in early 2011 QHHG WR EH VSHFL¿FDOO\ DGGUHVVHG 7KHVH

56 57 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Regeneration and renewal of town Key Transport Issues Congestion Data collected by the DfT (Congestion centres Statistics 2011) indicate that although 7UDI¿F FRQJHVWLRQ DQG GLVUXSWLRQV RQ WKH congestion in Buckinghamshire is not There are aspirations to regenerate both Buckinghamshire’s anticipated high levels road network clearly has an impact upon comparable to that experienced in London Aylesbury and High Wycombe town centres of house building and economic growth WKHFRXQW\¶VHFRQRP\+LJKWUDI¿FYROXPHV and other large cities (as measured by in order to attract visitors and businesses over the forthcoming years could have a DQGÀRZVOLPLWHGURDGFDSDFLW\HVWLPDWHG AM peak average vehicle speeds), it is alike. These visions will ensure that the VLJQL¿FDQWDGYHUVHLPSDFWRQWKHFRXQW\¶V WUDI¿FJURZWKDQGFKDQJLQJWUDYHOSDWWHUQV comparable to that experienced in most town centres are the focal points for transport network. This increase in involving longer journeys all contribute counties bordering London. It is also retail, leisure, cultural and recreational pressure will be felt on both the road and directly to congestion. The county’s housing worse than that experienced in those local opportunities, whilst creating an attractive public transport network. and employment growth will generate authorities immediately west, north and environment for all. This has been additional travel and place increased north east of the county. UHÀHFWHG RYHU UHFHQW \HDUV E\ WKH OHYHOV ,Q DQ DIÀXHQW DQG ODUJHO\ UXUDO FRXQW\ demand upon the network. The county’s RI'LVWULFW&RXQFLOLQYHVWPHQWLQVLJQL¿FDQW such as Buckinghamshire, the car will WUDI¿F ÀRZV LQFUHDVHG E\ DSSUR[LPDWHO\ Travel patterns across the three key urban new attractors, such as the Eden shopping remain the mode of choice for many 3.7% between 1999 and 2009 (DfT road and population centres in Buckinghamshire centre in High Wycombe and the Waterside people for the foreseeable future. There WUDI¿F VWDWLVWLFV  %DVHG RQ FXUUHQW ODQG (Aylesbury, High Wycombe and Chesham Theatre in Aylesbury. High Wycombe are opportunities for other modes to take a use planning assumptions associated with and Amersham) are very different. Data has a town centre masterplan, and work greater share in urban areas and for certain growth, the number of trips made within from the 2001 Census (Table 4.4) illustrates Thriving Economy is ongoing while the Aylesbury Vale LDF types of journeys, such as commuting. Buckinghamshire is expected to grow by a that car use in the county is higher than Chapter 4: LV EHLQJ UHYLHZHG WR ¿QDOLVH D SODQ IRU It is likely that car travel will continue to further 28% by 2026 (DfT). the regional average. Car and bus use Aylesbury that will outline how aspirations JURZUHÀHFWLQJWKHFKDQJHVLQWKHFRXQW\¶V is particularly high in High Wycombe. for the towns are expected to be delivered. population and economy. Long term 7UDI¿F JURZWK ZLOO QRW EH HYHQO\ VSUHDG The greatest proportion of walkers is in objectives to decarbonise the transport throughout the day, as up to 40% of daytime Aylesbury in part due to the topography, Chapter 4: %RWK WRZQ FHQWUHV KDYH EHQH¿WHG IURP system, will solve some issues but others journeys are made in the morning and and the highest proportion of train use is Thriving Economy LQYHVWPHQWLQQHZRUVLJQL¿FDQWO\LPSURYHG such as congestion will remain. evening peak periods (0700-0900hrs and LQ&KHVKDPDQG$PHUVKDPUHÀHFWLQJWKH public transport interchanges, facilities and KUV $VDUHVXOWWUDI¿FJURZWK level of train access. services. This has led to major growth The current road network is likely to be put will have a disproportionate effect on the in bus passenger numbers. However, XQGHU VLJQL¿FDQW SUHVVXUH LQ WKH IXWXUH road network during these times when further investment is necessary to ensure leading to increased congestion and poor many areas are already at, or exceeding public realm improvements enhance the connectivity (especially north-south) that capacity. It is highly likely that the biggest pedestrian experience. ultimately will have a negative impact on the impact will be felt on the strategic inter- local economy. It is essential that medium urban routes and the routes into and Beyond the principal centres of High length car journeys are accommodated around the principal urban centres. Wycombe and Aylesbury, it is important that whilst continuing to focus on changing our smaller market towns and local centres travel behaviour to reduce the reliance on Mode of SE Region Bucks High Aylesbury Chesham are vibrant and accessible locations that are the private car for shorter trips. Travel Wycombe and attractive to local residents. Clearly this is Amersham important in terms of supporting the local Car 59% 64% 65% 61% 58% economy, but also it will encourage more Bus4%2%4%3%2% sustainable travel habits by catering for the 7UDLQ7XEH 6% 6% 4% 3% 12% needs of people locally, therefore reducing Walk 10% 8% 9% 13% 10% the need to travel further to larger centres. Cycle3%2%1%3%1% Transport has a vital role to play in making our centres accessibly and ensuring their Table 4.4: Mode of travel to work in Buckinghamshire (Source: Census 2001) public realms are attractive.

58 59 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

This complex make up of travel patterns in Congestion is clearly an important issue Buckinghamshire means that a “one-size to residents of Buckinghamshire. Of all ¿WVDOO´DSSURDFKZLOOEHLQHIIHFWLYHLQVWHDG the County Council's activities congestion HDFK LGHQWL¿HG FRQJHVWLRQ PDQDJHPHQW reduction is considered the fourth area most corridor and hotspot will need its own in need of improvement (Fig 4.5), behind tailored approach. roads and pavement repairs, activities for teenagers, and low level antisocial behaviour.

Areas of work most in need of improvement

Road and pavement repairs Activities for teenagers Low level of anti-social behaviour Low level of traffic congestion Public transport

Thriving Economy Low level of crime Facilities for young children Chapter 4: Clean streets Shopping facilities Feeling safe Health services Affordable decent housing Chapter 4:

Parks and open spaces Thriving Economy Sports and leisure facilities Cultural facilities (e.g. cinemas, Community activities Job prospects Wage levels and local cost of living Low level of pollution Education provision Relations betw een people of Access to nature

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%

Fig 4.5 – $UHDVRIZRUNPRVWLQQHHGRILPSURYHPHQWDVLGHQWL¿HGE\WKH Buckinghamshire County Council Residents Survey (2007)

Fig 4.6: Highway Congestion in Buckinghamshire (based on perception and Figure 4.6 shows two data sources on 6XUYH\ DQG WUDI¿F PRGHOOLQJ GDWD WKDW WUDI¿FPRGHOOLQJGDWD  congestion levels. The data comes from LGHQWL¿HV WKH URDGV WKDW VXIIHU IURP the congestion hotspots most frequently congestion in the morning peak period. The sections shown to suffer most from intersections. Part of our approach to highlighted in our Annual Transportation severe congestion during the peak periods supporting a Thriving Economy will be the are the motorways, a number of strategic application of the Congestion Strategy, highway network sections, a small number that aims to: relieve congestion at some of other A and B roads, and some pinch of these pinch points; and on our Primary points in our urban areas and at key Congestion Management Corridors.

60 61 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Out-commuting

Over 60,000 people travel to work area in the UK. Levels of containment Commuting from Aylesbury Vale Commuting from South Bucks outside Buckinghamshire each day. vary by district, with Wycombe having Buckinghamshire has the second lowest the highest proportion and South Bucks proportion of residents living and working the lowest proportion of people living and within its boundaries of any county council working in the same district (see Table 4.5).

Work Aylesbury Chiltern South Wycombe Outside Vale Bucks county

Live

Thriving Economy Aylesbury Vale 61.1 2 0.6 2.2 34.1

Chapter 4: Chiltern 2.2 48.6 2.8 3.9 42.5 South Bucks 0.5 4.8 35.7 3.5 55.5 Wycombe 4.4 8.5 4.8 63.0 19.3 Chapter 4: Outside county 31.7 36.2 56.1 27.4 Commuting from Chiltern Commuting from Wycombe Thriving Economy Table 4.5: Where Buckinghamshire residents work by district, levels of containment highlighted (Source: Census, 2001)

With the relative ease of access to the immediately adjacent areas, along with the London by both by road and rail, 13% of the noticeable draw into Central London for all county’s residents commute to the capital districts. Aylesbury Vale shows a strong on a daily basis. Out commuting to other north-south movement to Milton Keynes centres takes place predominantly by car DQG:\FRPEHEXWZLWKQRWDEOHÀRZVLQWR OHDGLQJWRLQFUHDVHGWUDI¿FFRQJHVWLRQDQG Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire. There is associated negative impacts, particularly also a strong pull from Chiltern towards during the morning and evening peak Wycombe. Out commuters from Wycombe periods. and South Bucks are drawn strongly south and east towards London and the Thames Figure 4.7 illustrates commuting patterns for Valley. each district. Naturally the main destination for out commuters from each district is into Fig 4.7: Out-commuting patterns by district in Buckinghamshire (Source: Census 2001)

62 63 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Lack of connectivity In Focus: Chiltern Railways Evergreen 3 A number of recent transport studies have ‡$\OHVEXU\KDVSRRUFRQQHFWLYLW\ZLWK Evergreen 3 is a Chiltern Railways project that follows on from Evergreen 1 and 2 that made outlined that the north of the county is neighbouring urban centres, with the track, line speed, platform and signalling improvements on the Chiltern railway network. perceived as being relatively inaccessible by fastest options involving journeys in The Evergreen improvements have been made by Chiltern Railways as part of its 20 year businesses and residents alike. Those areas excess of 1 hour; franchise agreement. of the county that are better connected ‡3RRU DQG FRQJHVWHG HDVWZHVW can suffer from unreliable journey times, connections between Bedford, Milton Evergreen 3 costing £250m will deliver speed improvements on the main line between QRWDEO\LQWKHVRXWK6RPHRIWKHVSHFL¿F Keynes, Aylesbury and Oxford; London Marylebone and Birmingham via High Wycombe giving faster journey times from FRQQHFWLYLW\LVVXHVLGHQWL¿HGLQFOXGH ‡%RWWOHQHFNV UHPDLQ RQ WKH NH\ URDGV 2011. A new Oxford to Marylebone route via Bicester will also be created by an upgrade ‡3RRU FRQQHFWLYLW\ WR QHLJKERXULQJ entering our town centres, notably of the Bicester-Oxford Line and a new ‘chord line’ at Bicester connecting Chiltern's London- centres and employment areas (Table Aylesbury and High Wycombe, but also Birmingham line with the east-west line to Oxford. VKRZVVSHFL¿FH[DPSOHVLQUHODWLRQ Chesham and Amersham; and to Aylesbury and High Wycombe); ‡&RQVLGHUDEOH SHDN SHULRG FRQJHVWLRQ %HQH¿WVRIWKHVFKHPHWR%XFNLQJKDPVKLUHUHVLGHQWVZLOOLQFOXGH ‡/DFNRIUDLOFRQQHFWLYLW\LQWKHQRUWKRI exists in all our town centres, and on ‡)DVWHUMRXUQH\WLPHVEHWZHHQ%XFNLQJKDPVKLUHVWDWLRQVDQGWR/RQGRQDQG the county; strategic road links to the motorway Birmingham via High Wycombe. ‡3RRUQRUWKVRXWKKLJKZD\FRQQHFWLRQV network in Wycombe and South Bucks.  ‡ $UDLOOLQNIURP2[IRUGWR+LJK:\FRPEHIRU¿UVWWLPHLQ\HDUV in terms of journey times, speeds and  ‡ 7UDI¿FSRWHQWLDOO\WDNHQRIIWKH0 reliability; Train journey times from Aylesbury to ‡$UHEXLOW%LFHVWHU7RZQVWDWLRQDGMDFHQWWR%LFHVWHU9LOODJHJLYLQJEHWWHUDFFHVV Thriving Economy ‡+LJKGHSHQGHQFHRQWKHSULYDWHFDU London are relatively poor compared to to this retail centre. Chapter 4: ‡)RU PDQ\ LQ %XFNLQJKDPVKLUH SXEOLF towns of a comparable distance, due to Two trains an hour each way will operate between Oxford and London Marylebone, calling at transport is currently not a viable, running speed restrictions on the line into High Wycombe. A 38 minute journey time is planned between Oxford and High Wycombe, realistic alternative, as the point-to-point London. The Chiltern Railways Evergreen with the service operational in 2013. Chapter 4: journey times are typically between two 3 project (see 'In Focus' box) will reduce Thriving Economy to two-and-a-half times longer than by rail journey times between Birmingham Provision is being made for future East West Rail trains between Bicester and Oxford, to car; and London via High Wycombe, as well reduce the cost to the public sector when this scheme goes ahead. ‡7KHURDGDQGUDLOUDGLDOVIURP/RQGRQ as enable a new rail link between High are heavily congested; Wycombe and Oxford. More information on the project can be found at: www.chiltern-evergreen3.co.uk

Aylesbury High Wycombe Destination Car Rail %XVUDLO Car Rail %XVUDLO Supporting regeneration London 1h 31m 1h 00m 2h 15m 47m 41m 1h 47 and encourage people to travel further to High Wycombe 33m 33m 1h 01m Transport, particularly how it is integrated more distant centres, therefore worsening Birmingham 1h 15m 2h 16m 3h 38m 1h 42m 1h 51m 1h 51m into land use planning, has a crucial role congestion and carbon emission levels. Peterborough 1h 47m 2h 21m 4h 15m 2h 00m 2h 17m 4h 00m to play in the successful delivery of town Bicester 32m 46m 1h 02m 42m 31m 4h 42m centre regeneration. Aylesbury and The same argument applies to the county’s Oxford 1h 08m 1h 38m 1h 14m 39m 1h 26m 1h 00m High Wycombe face intense competition smaller, but no less important local centres Cambridge 1h 04m 2h 27m 3h 10m 1h 46m 2h 16m 4h 02m from rival centres such as Milton Keynes, and market towns. These cater for the Heathrow 1h 02m 1h 35m 1h 55m 32m 1h 41m 1h 09m Watford, Slough, Reading, and Oxford. The QHHGVRIVLJQL¿FDQWUXUDOFDWFKPHQWVDQG Stansted 1h 21m 2h 24m 3h 25m 1h 26m 2h 35m 2h 54m regeneration of towns is required to attract provide local services to residents. These Reading 1h 03m 2h 02m 2h 21m 36m 1h 43m 1h 20m private sector investment to avoid the town centres must be attractive and accessible Slough 56m 2h 00m 1h 04m 36m 1h 38m 1h 02m centres stagnating, and to support a mixed to encourage their continued use and Milton Keynes 43m 2h 00m 50m 1h 12m 2h 20m 1h 55m and vibrant town centre economy. Growth development. Vibrant and attractive Bedford 1h 08m 2h 35m 1h 32m 1h 18m 2h 11m 3h 00m in and around both towns, necessitates centres of all sizes will be important to the Luton Airport 54m 2h 10m 1h 37m 50m 1h 57m 1h 25m that the town centres develop and grow to future success of the economy, given the Northampton 1h 05m 2h 34m 1h 27m 1h 20m 2h 34m 2h 57m be able to support the varied needs of the role they play in developing and creating Maidenhead 47m 2h 04m 1h 13m 22m 1h 53m 1h 27m population. Failure to do so will result in new businesses and attracting visitors to Aylesbury 33m 38m 1h 04m the towns becoming increasingly dormitory, the county. Table 4.6 : Connectivity of Aylesbury and High Wycombe (Source: MKAV DaSTS Study) 64 65 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Transport Objectives

The following Plan objectives explain how business and investment in the county to we will contribute to the county’s future HQVXUH WKH HFRQRP\ IXQFWLRQV HI¿FLHQWO\ Objective: Deliver transport improvements to support and facilitate regeneration and economic growth. Work towards these whilst helping to attract residents and sustainable housing and employment growth. objectives will help to attract and direct visitors to spend money in our towns. Summary: To encourage more sustainable travel behaviour, and reduce pressure on Objective: Maintain or improve the reliability of journey times on key routes. the road network, transport should support the regeneration of local centres. Vibrant local centres will encourage people to use these regularly, rather than travel further Summary: Ensure journey time reliability on key routes with an important economic distances to other centres, and support the local economy. New developments should be function (e.g. those providing primary road access to towns, cities, motorways and planned and delivered as sustainably as possible to minimise their impact on the transport DLUSRUWV DVGH¿QHGE\WKH&RXQW\&RXQFLO V6WUDWHJLF+LJKZD\1HWZRUN WREHUHYLVHGDV network, and encourage sustainable travel. Appropriate local employment growth is vital part of the congestion strategy development) are maintained or improved. to reduce levels of out commuting.

Aim: -RXUQH\WLPHVRQDOOLGHQWL¿HGNH\URXWHVWREHPDLQWDLQHGZLWKLQVHWWROHUDQFHV Aim: Minimise any detrimental effects of growth on Buckinghamshire’s transport network, DJDLQWREHGH¿QHGLQWKHUHYLVHGFRQJHVWLRQVWUDWHJ\ DQGDQ\LPSURYHPHQWVUHVXOW and support regeneration and growth to encourage more local travel for employment, LQEHQH¿WVWRWKHORFDODQGQDWLRQDOHFRQRP\WKURXJKPRUHUHOLDEOHIUHLJKWFRPPXWLQJ retail and leisure purposes. and business travel. Thriving Economy How We Will Measure Success Chapter 4: How We Will Measure Success  ‡ /HYHOVRIWUDI¿FJURZWKLQ$\OHVEXU\DQG+LJK:\FRPEH  ‡ %XVVHUYLFHVUXQQLQJRQWLPH Chapter 4:  ‡ 5RDGWUDI¿FMRXUQH\WLPHUHOLDELOLW\GDWD Thriving Economy  ‡ &RXQW\ZLGHFRQJHVWLRQLQGLFDWRU  ‡ 6WUHHWZRUNVPDQDJHPHQWLQGLFDWRU  ‡ 3ULQFLSDOURDGQHWZRUNFRQGLWLRQLQGLFDWRU  ‡ (IIHFWLYHUHDFWLYHPDLQWHQDQFHLQGLFDWRU  ‡ 8UEDQDQGLQWHUXUEDQEXVSDWURQDJH Objective: Ensure local transport networks are resilient and adaptable to shocks and impacts. Objective: Improve connectivity and access between key centres. Summary: Ensure the transport network is able to function adequately following Summary: Reduced journey times by all modes, but predominantly public transport, XQH[SHFWHG HYHQWV VXFK DV ÀRRGLQJ VQRZIDOO H[WUHPH WHPSHUDWXUHV DFFLGHQWV DQG between the county’s key centres of Aylesbury and High Wycombe, and important unplanned road closures, in order to minimise disruptions on the network. neighbouring centres such as Milton Keynes, London, Oxford and the Thames Valley towns. Road connections between centres already exist, so the focus should be on Aim: The transport network in Buckinghamshire to be resilient and adaptable to shocks supporting the development of commercially viable public transport links. and impacts, particularly those on routes and connections that serve an important economic function, given they are busy freight and commuter routes. Aim: Passenger transport journey times between key centres to be reduced, by the development of new public transports services that support the county’s Thriving Economy. How We Will Measure Success

How We Will Measure Success  ‡ 3ULQFLSDOURDGFRQGLWLRQLQGLFDWRUV  ‡ %ULGJHFRQGLWLRQLQGLFDWRUV ‡3XEOLF WUDQVSRUW MRXUQH\ WLPHV EHWZHHQ $\OHVEXU\  +LJK :\FRPEHWR  ‡ :LQWHUPDLQWHQDQFHSHUIRUPDQFHLQGLFDWRUV regional centres.  ‡ 7UDI¿FMRXUQH\WLPHGDWD

66 67 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Our Approach parts of the highway network. These roads, where maintenance activities are curtailed, Transport Asset Management Plan (TAMP) Summary Ensuring a more appropriate balance will be allowed to revert back ‘to nature’. between employment opportunities and Such a policy will be subject to extensive The TAMP is a tool used to inform our decisions on how to manage and maintain the residents with relevant skills and experience public consultation once details of how the WUDQVSRUW DVVHWV URDGV IRRWSDWKV EULGJHV VWUHHW OLJKWV WUDI¿F OLJKWV HWF  ZLWKLQ WKH is a key strategic outcome to ensure the SROLF\FRXOGEHDSSOLHGDUH¿QDOLVHG resources available. county’s future sustainable growth. This will require a broad set of policy responses In addition to prioritising the network we It is still in development, however when complete it will enable schemes to be prioritised including learning and skills, land use will also be working towards mapping by balancing the need for reactive work against the long term planned maintenance of planning, marketing and promotions, as the transport asset (roads, footways, WKHQHWZRUN,WHQDEOHVVPDOOVFDOHDVVHWVSHFL¿FPDLQWHQDQFHQHHGVWREHSULRULWLVHGDQG well as transport interventions. Effective VWUHHWOLJKWV VLJQDOV VLJQV EULGJHV economically driven according to our objectives. partnership working is therefore of structures etc) to enable better management paramount importance. of all assets that require maintenance. This 7KLVSODQZLOOEHEXLOWXSRQWKHLQIRUPDWLRQWKDWLVVSHFL¿FWRHDFKWUDQVSRUWDVVHWJURXS strand of work will inform the development across the maintenance division including carriageways, structures and street lighting. It The following section summarises the of the Transport Asset Management will include consideration of the way that each asset group is managed, delivered and approach we will seek to adopt in order Plan (TAMP). This Plan will provide asset prioritised. to address the county’s challenges in VSHFL¿F LQIRUPDWLRQ LQFOXGLQJ ZKROH OLIH supporting a Thriving Economy under the Thriving Economy costs of an asset, to support maintenance This will not negate the need for engineering judgement but provides a tool to help balance ¿YHEURDGGHOLYHU\PHWKRGV Chapter 4: decisions. This will enable us to provide the prioritisation of work across the service, taking into consideration elements such as the appropriate balance between planned whole life costing, lifecycle planning and asset valuation methods. It will help to develop Delivering Maintenance preventative maintenance and un-planned new ways of working across the service either by developing new prioritisation tools or

reactive maintenance. Chapter 4: By prioritising and managing the reviewing working practices. As a result, it is expected that the TAMP will be under constant revision as new developments are made and working practices change. Thriving Economy maintenance of the transport network we It is important that maintenance increases aim to reduce the disruption caused by the resilience of the county’s road network. faults and repairs. This will help to minimise Interventions, such as planned gully unnecessary congestion that has a negative FOHDUDQFH WKDW UHGXFH WKH ULVN RI ÀRRGLQJ Encouraging Behaviour Change impact on the local economy. will be utilised. In addition, we will continue to explore the use of different materials To assist with this our highway maintenance Behavioural change activities have with us to develop business travel plans that are more resistant to extremes in will be prioritised by factors such as road VLJQL¿FDQWO\ UHGXFH WUDI¿F OHYHOV DQG (see page 70), either voluntarily or weather. Winter maintenance issues will type, type of fault and resource available, associated peak period congestion over through the planning system. This will EH SULRULWLVHG DQG DGGUHVVHG VSHFL¿FDOO\ and complemented by the use of tools such UHFHQW \HDUV WKDW LV FOHDUO\ EHQH¿FLDO WR embed sustainable transport principles into through the continued development and as JCAM (a software programme). This the local economy. We will continue to businesses’ regular ways of working. implementation of the Winter Maintenance will enable us to target maintenance work encourage the private sector to engage Strategy. This strategy and associated ZKHUHLWZLOOKDYHJUHDWHVWEHQH¿WZKLFK interventions will help to ensure that a will help to support the local economy. GH¿QHGSDUWRIWKHQHWZRUNFRQWLQXHVWR Where appropriate, planned structural function during times of disruption caused maintenance will be undertaken to ensure by snow and ice. long lasting and effective repairs are carried out, minimising the need for frequent Innovative techniques and technologies will return visits. be investigated and used where appropriate, particularly those that minimise the time We will also be developing policies to taken to complete maintenance activities, support the prioritisation of the highway thereby reducing the associated network network. This will review the priority of disruption. PDLQWHQDQFHRQVRPHORZWUDI¿FNHGUXUDO

68 69 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

In Focus: Business Travel Plans Case Study: Change for Chesham The Challenge Pinewood Studios in South Bucks has an active travel plan in place, and has been working with us for a number of years to reduce the number of vehicles arriving at &KHVKDPWRZQFHQWUHZDVLGHQWL¿HGDVDQDUHDZKHUHVXVWDLQDEOHWUDYHOFKDQJHFRXOGEH their sites each day. The business actively encourages car sharing by taking part GHOLYHUHG7KHDUHDKDVKLJKSROOXWLRQOHYHOVFDXVHGSULPDULO\E\URDGWUDI¿FDQGFRQJHVWLRQ LQRXUFDPSDLJQV GLVSOD\LQJSRVWHUVDQGSURPRWLQJWKHEHQH¿WVWRVWDII DQGKDV on junctions at peak periods that has a detrimental effect on the local economy. Although provided cycle facilities for staff to encourage them to cycle to and from work. They WKH DUHD KDV JRRG ORFDO WUDQVSRUW SURYLVLRQV LQFOXGLQJ SXEOLF WUDQVSRUW OLQNV DQG F\FOH also provide a free shuttle bus for people working at or visiting the Studios. ZDONLQJURXWHVWKHFKDOOHQJHZDVWRLQÀXHQFHWUDYHOEHKDYLRXUE\HQFRXUDJLQJUHVLGHQWVWR use alternatives to single occupancy car travel. 3LQHZRRG6WXGLRVZDVRQHRIWKH¿UVWFRPSDQLHVWREHDZDUGHGDJUDQWRI WR The Solution help reduce the cost of business travel through the Sustainable Routes Project (www. sustainableroutes.co.uk). The grant has supported the implementation of their travel A travel change campaign ‘Change for Chesham’ was launched in 2009, highlighting the air SODQ7KHJUDQWZDVXVHGWR¿WYHKLFOHWUDFNLQJGHYLFHVWRWKHLUIUHHVKXWWOHEXVVR quality issues and encouraging people to make a personal change to help reduce car use that waiting passengers can view the location and arrival time of their bus in real in partnership with Chiltern District Council. The campaign was primarily targeted at 3,500 time on bus stop monitors or on their computer. The introduction of this system was residents, 150 businesses and 15 schools within the focus area. The main activities included: estimated to save Pinewood Studios 1055 tonnes of carbon dioxide every year. Thriving Economy ‡/DXQFKHYHQWDW/RZQGHV3DUN SURPRWHGYLDÀ\HUVSRVWHUVDQGUDGLR DQG Chapter 4: Sustainable Routes is a pioneering scheme, funded by the European Regional website launch - www.changeforchesham.co.uk 'HYHORSPHQW )XQG (5')  DYDLODEOH WR EXVLQHVVHV ZLWK ¿YH WR  HPSOR\HHV ‡,QIRUPDWLRQ SDFNV IRU UHVLGHQWV JXLGHV RQ VXVWDLQDEOH WUDYHO DQG JHWWLQJ in Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Milton Keynes and Wokingham that focuses on active) smarter travel choices. The grant must be matched by the business and can be used ‡,QIRUPDWLRQSDFNVIRUEXVLQHVVHV LQFOXGLQJSURPRWLRQDOPDWHULDOVDQGLGHDV Chapter 4: to fund numerous initiatives such as consultancy on remote working infrastructures, on encouraging staff to consider their travel options) Thriving Economy GHYHORSLQJÀH[LEOHZRUNLQJSROLFLHVYLGHRFRQIHUHQFLQJHTXLSPHQWDQGIXHOFRQYHUVLRQ ‡,QIRUPDWLRQ SDFNV IRU VFKRROV LQFOXGLQJ OHVVRQ SODQV RQ DLU TXDOLW\ DQG sustainable travel, stickers, and fun ways to promote sustainable travel to school) Businesses will be expected to encourage New employment developments will be behavioural change amongst their staff for required to submit and sustain travel plans The Outcome the work commute and for business travel. as a condition of its planning approval. Business travel plans can vary between Travel plan co-ordinators will be expected The results of the scheme were extremely companies and locations. Some of the to manage and implement action plans, encouraging with 39 residents pledged to initiatives that will be promoted include: including behavioural change initiatives. In PDNH D &KDQJH IRU &KHVKDP LQ WKH ¿UVW ‡ *UHDWHUXVHRIWHOHFRQIHUHQFLQJ addition, we will encourage the continual month with 14,650 hits on the website in ‡(QFRXUDJHUHPRWHZRUNLQJWRUHGXFH  monitoring and establishment of targets six months. Two percent of the businesses the need to travel; to sustain the impact and effectiveness of contacted pledged their support and are now ‡3URPRWLQJWKHXVHF\FOLQJZDONLQJ  travel plans. part of our database of businesses with travel public transport, especially for plans, receiving ongoing support and taking business travel; Large housing developments will be part in all campaigns throughout the year. ‡ &DUVKDULQJE\VWDIIDQGFXVWRPHUV required to develop and sustain residential 7UDI¿F LQ WKH PRUQLQJ WUDI¿F SHDN GURSSHG ‡ )OH[LEOHZRUNLQJDUUDQJHPHQWV travel plans. One of the expectations of from 1,616 to 1,257 vehicles per hour after ‡³*UHHQLQJ´RIEXVLQHVVÀHHWVWKURXJK  the developer will be that travel information the event and there was a 14% increase in the use of sustainable fuels including will be provided to all new residents prior bus patronage. All primary schools in Chesham hybrid and electric vehicles; and to their move and on occupation so that took part in Walk to School Month in October ‡%HWWHU  PDQDJHPHQW RI VWDII FDU WKHLU EHKDYLRXU FDQ EH LQÀXHQFHG EHIRUH 2009 and air quality levels improved by three parking stock. travel routines and habits are established. percent.

70 71 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

We will continue to facilitate the the appropriate level of support from us. By working with Network Rail and rail Through effective network management implementation and development of school Ultimately this should help to maintain operators, we will support and improve the and efforts to reduce the demand for car travel plans (see case study) across all of enthusiasm and interest in sustainable sustainability of our rail stations. This will travel; serious instances of congestion and the county’s schools, in order to reduce travel from a young age. We will also work be pursued through the development of delay can be mitigated without the need peak time road congestion. Schools with schools to implement and manage travel plans to encourage an increase in the to build expensive new capacity. Effective will be encouraged to undertake new FDU SDUNLQJGURS RII SURYLVLRQ WR UHGXFH proportion of journeys made by sustainable WUDI¿F PDQDJHPHQW LV DQ LPSRUWDQW ZD\ initiatives and activities to help promote congestion, encourage alternative modes modes; whilst simultaneously trying to to help maximise the use of the existing safe and sustainable travel for journeys of travel and improve safety in the vicinity increase the amount of trips made by rail. road network. The use of technology is to school to sustain their travel plan, with of schools. Rail station operators should integrate an essential component in addressing the their travel plan with their parking policies congestion issues across the county. We Case Study: School Travel Planning so that these complement each other. In ZLOOVHHNWRGHYHORSDQGEXLOGRQWKHWUDI¿F doing so we must ensure parking demand PDQDJHPHQW WHFKQRORJ\ 8UEDQ 7UDI¿F The Challenge is not simply transferred off site, resulting Management Control systems – see case in unacceptable levels of on street parking study) that has already been rolled out 6FKRROV ZHUH ¿QGLQJ LW GLI¿FXOW WR FRPH XS ZLWK QHZ SURPRWLRQDO DQG PDUNHWLQJ in the surrounding area. in High Wycombe and Aylesbury. This ideas to encourage pupils and their families to leave their cars at home and travel to will ultimately result in more effective school sustainably. During the lifetime of this Plan, the PDQDJHPHQW RI URDG WUDI¿F DFURVV WKH Thriving Economy application of personalised travel planning county, particularly on those routes that are Chapter 4: The Solution activities will be explored where resources of critical importance to the local economy. permit, and targeted within those areas 2XUVFKRROWUDYHOSODQQLQJWHDPDOORFDWHGVSHFL¿FWKHPHVWRHDFKVFKRROWHUPWR where such activities could provide for a Technology will assist with more rapid Chapter 4: provide a focus for marketing and promotional activity. The aim of this was to help VLJQL¿FDQWFKDQJHLQWUDYHOKDELWV responses to problems on the network, Thriving Economy ensure that all campaigns were linked and a consistent focused message was given and inform drivers to avoid certain areas to pupils and parents. In the autumn term of 2009, an “air quality” theme was Delivering Management and Tackling and suggest alternative routes. It can trialled. The theme highlighted that people can make their own steps to help improve Congestion DOVR FRRUGLQDWH WUDI¿F VLJQDOV EHWWHU WR air quality in the local area by travelling sustainably. In advance of the term every reduce delays. The ability to suggest school was sent an information sheet provide facts, information, and ideas. Future effective management of highway alternative routes is clearly limited by the network will balance the needs of car availability of suitable diversionary routes. The Outcome drivers for complex, medium length trips This is a key factor in how resilient the with the need to encourage more people network is to unforeseen events, such as The trial was a great success and to use more sustainable modes for shorter accidents or emergency works. We need positive feedback was received from a trips, or reduce the need to travel at all. to consider how we plan any new highway number of schools. Schools developed By improving the situation for the car infrastructure, and how we manage and some imaginative ideas of their own driver, there is a risk that in providing maintain existing highway infrastructure that worked well, the pupils had a lot of faster and more reliable highway routes, guided by our Strategic Highway Network, to increase resilience. fun and less people travelled by car as ORQJHU GLVWDQFH WUDI¿F FRXOG EH GUDZQ RII a result. the National Strategic Road Network onto the county’s roads. We will therefore One school encouraged pupils to collect endeavour to provide a balanced approach leaves on their walk in and the class to meet the needs of a range of users and with the most leaves won a reward. As journeys. a result the project has continued with a new theme each term, for example ‘independence’, ‘health’, and ‘global’. It continues to be a good and cost-effective way of helping to reduce car use on the school journey. 72 73 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

&DVH6WXG\8UEDQ7UDI¿F0DQDJHPHQWDQG&RQWURO 870& V\VWHP Through our transport development control balanced sustainable mix of short and The Challenge function we aim to ensure developments longer term parking. The appropriate use 7UDI¿FOHYHOVKDYHEHHQJURZLQJDVDUHVXOWRIKRXVLQJDQGHFRQRPLFJURZWKDVZHOO fully mitigate their impact of the transport of parking management, through pricing as higher levels of car ownership and use. Building more road capacity is often not network, and maximise their potential for and capacity control, can reduce demand ¿QDQFLDOO\ YLDEOH HQYLURQPHQWDOO\ VRXQG RU LQ WKH LQWHUHVWV RI FUHDWLQJ DWWUDFWLYH travel by sustainable modes. during the peak period and improve the urban environments. Instead, measures are required that maximise the use of the economic vitality of an area by increasing existing road network for all users, at the same time as encouraging people to travel Since managing the client transport the turnover of vehicles. Parking controls by alternative modes. contract, Amey have managed to reduce will be supported by effective enforcement the number of vehicles on the road by measures, in the interests of ensuring The Solution placing pupils on larger vehicles wherever HI¿FLHQWXVHRIWKHVSDFHVDYDLODEOHDQGLQ possible. In recent years, approximately WKHLQWHUHVWVRIVDIHW\DQGWUDI¿FÀRZ,Q UTMC entails a package of various technologies that are linked to a central database 100 vehicles have been removed form the our larger urban areas, parking and access to collect live information on travel conditions, road by using fewer but larger vehicles studies are undertaken with the District allowing us to have a strategic overview of to deliver mainstream home to school Councils to inform the level (quantity) of the status of the road network. This enables transport. They will continue to identify on-street parking within the town centres; us to be responsive to events on the network VXFKHI¿FLHQF\VDYLQJVRYHUWKH3ODQSHULRG the pricing and use of off-street car parks; and disseminate live travel information to road workplace parking supply and management;

Thriving Economy XVHUV  ,QIRUPDWLRQ LV FROOHFWHG IURP WUDI¿F Utility companies are and will continue to and the future growth in parking demand.

Chapter 4: signals and counters, CCTV cameras, Automatic be managed to minimise their impact on %\ ¿QGLQJ WKH ULJKW EDODQFH EHWZHHQ Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) Cameras, air the highway network, particularly on the these options, parking management can TXDOLW\GHWHFWRUVYHKLFOHÀHHWWUDFNLQJV\VWHPV strategic highway network and other routes PDNH D VLJQL¿FDQW FRQWULEXWLRQ WR WRZQ and Real Time Passenger Information (RTPI) LGHQWL¿HG DV VHQVLWLYH E\ WKH QHWZRUN centre economic vitality and peak period Chapter 4: transmitters. hierarchy. Wherever possible the duration congestion reduction. Thriving Economy of the works will be kept to a minimum and 7KLVLQIRUPDWLRQLVUHFHLYHGLQWRDFRPPRQGDWDEDVHDQGXVHGWRPDQDJHWUDI¿F lane closures and disruption avoided at In our smaller towns and villages, parking VLJQDOVLQIRUPRXUSODQVDQGVWUDWHJLHVDQGSRWHQWLDOO\XSGDWHDOLYHWUDI¿FPRGHO peak times. is managed with similar tools, capacity The system allows us to develop and store pre- and charging, however with a different determined responses to situations (strategies) Parking management can be used to help to economic and congestion management that can be deployed instantly when a problem manage the demand for road space within context. The aim is to ensure that the local is detected to reduce congestion and activate our towns and villages. This tool will not economy is supported by suitable parking public information messages. It is then possible be used to penalise car drivers, as there are facilities, but sustainable travel alternatives for us to disseminate this live information to many areas of the county that do not have for local journeys are encouraged. our travelling public via the Service Information alternative means of travel. Consideration Centre, free text and car park capacity Variable needs to be given to the provision of a Message Signs (VMS) on the highway, and passenger transport real time displays at bus stops, interchanges and public places.

The Outcome

,Q  WKH FRUH 870& V\VWHP ZDV LQVWDOOHG LQ $\OHVEXU\ DORQJ ZLWK WKH RQ street data collection and dissemination equipment. On-street equipment has been and will be deployed in the High Wycombe urban area. With this platform now in place, existing and future equipment installed on the highway network countywide ZLOO EH OLQNHG WR WKH V\VWHP WR HQKDQFH RXU WUDI¿F PRQLWRULQJ PDQDJHPHQW DQG information dissemination capabilities. This will support the improvement of journey time reliability, the tackling of air quality problems and the overall improvement in journey experience. 74 75 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Congestion Strategy Summary 'XULQJWKH¿UVW\HDURIWKH3ODQRXUFRQJHVWLRQVWUDWHJ\ZLOOFRQWLQXHWREHGHYHORSHG$V a consequence, these designations will be reviewed and new corridors may be added, with :HZLOOEXLOGRQWKHVXFFHVVRIRXUSUHYLRXV3ODQVLQPDQDJLQJWKHJURZWKRIWUDI¿FDQG the annual Implementation Plan revisions providing future updates. DVVRFLDWHGOHYHOVRIFRQJHVWLRQWREHQH¿WWKHFRXQW\¶VURDGXVHUV,PSURYLQJFRQGLWLRQV for the car driver is a key aim of the congestion strategy, to support a Thriving Economy We will seek to secure funding from public and private sector sources, to build upon the in Buckinghamshire. Our approach to congestion management will target the strategically existing on-street technology. These improvements could include the installation of variable important parts of the network, through the designation of Primary Congestion Management message signs to provide travel updates for road users, bus priority measures, further use Corridors (PCMC) and Primary Passenger Transport Corridors (PPTC). of interactive bus stop displays, CCTV cameras to monitor major junctions and journey time cameras. $3&0&ZLOOEHQH¿WIURPPRUHWLJKWO\PDQDJHGVWUHHWZRUNVDFWLYLWLHVDVZHOODVDUDQJHRI measures that could include junction improvements, capacity improvements and Intelligent The approach to managing congestion on the road network will include: Transport Systems, with the overall aim being to improve journey time reliability. A PPTC will look to achieve the same things for buses, with measures that could include bus lanes,  ‡ (QVXUHQHZGHYHORSPHQWVUHGXFHWKHLULPSDFWRQWKHKLJKZD\QHWZRUN DQGSULRULW\PHDVXUHVDWMXQFWLRQVHLWKHUWKURXJKDUHGHVLJQRIWKHMXQFWLRQRUXVLQJWUDI¿F ‡(IIRUWVWRUHGXFHWKHDPRXQWRIWLPHWDNHQXSE\VWUHHWZRUNVRQWKHURDGV signals. The congestion strategy will include an action plan for the PPTCs and PCMCs, as DQGSDYHPHQWVSDUWLFXODUO\RQWKHEXVLHVWDQGPRVWWUDI¿FVHQVLWLYHURXWHV well as the main settlement areas within the county, where the majority of trips either start through a coordinated approach to works carried out on the network. Thriving Economy RI¿QLVK ‡:RUNZLWKWKHORFDOSODQQLQJDXWKRULWLHVDQGSDUWQHUVWRLPSURYHWKHDPRXQW Chapter 4: of local service and employment provision to ensure more localised travel 7KHWDEOHEHORZVKRZVWKHFRUULGRUVFXUUHQWO\LGHQWL¿HGDV3&0&VDQG337&V habits. ‡(QFRXUDJLQJWUDYHOE\JUHHQHUPRGHVUDWKHUWKDQWKHFDU6XFKDVWKURXJK Chapter 4: PCMCs PPTCs encouraging the use of travel plans and through supporting improved facilities Thriving Economy Aylesbury for the promotion of walking, cycling and passenger transport. Bicester Road Bicester Road ‡6WUDWHJLHV WR EHWWHU PDQDJH SDUNLQJ DQG DFWLYHO\ GLVFRXUDJH SHRSOH ZLWK Buckingham Road Buckingham Road attractive alternatives from driving to town centres. ‡$ UHYLHZ RI WKH UROH SOD\HG E\ SRZHUHG WZR ZKHHOHUV 37:V  DQGWD[LV LQ Tring Road Tring Road tackling congestion, and how we can support them in this. Wendover Road High Wycombe London Road (east) London Road (east) London Road (west) London Road (west) West Wycombe Road (west) Marlow Hill With regards to congestion charging, we Aylesbury, High Wycombe, Chesham or Hughenden Valley West Wycombe Road (west) recognise that schemes have been used Amersham. Chesham and Amersham in London and Durham that have aimed to A4146 Chesham and Amersham A4146 Chesham and Amersham UHGXFHWUDI¿FDQGFRQJHVWLRQ1DWLRQDOO\ Particularly in the densely populated Interurban ‘Priority Congestion Management Corridor’ ZHVHHVLJQL¿FDQWSRWHQWLDOLQWKHFRQFHSW South-East, where the distance between of road user charging as an effective means adjacent towns is not great, it is clear A421 Length throughout county of controlling access to and use of the WKDWWKHHFRQRPLFGLVEHQH¿WVDULVLQJIURP $$$\OHVEXU\WR0. YLD:LQJ URDG QHWZRUN WR UHGXFH SHDN WLPH WUDI¿F WKHGLVSODFHPHQWRIWUDI¿F ZLOOPRUHWKDQ A413 Aylesbury to Denham congestion, and the wider application of RXWZHLJK WKH FRQJHVWLRQ EHQH¿WV JDLQHG A4010 Aylesbury to High Wycombe further individual congestion charging Experience elsewhere suggests that local $$PHUVKDPWR%HDFRQV¿HOG schemes in other conurbations and larger charging on such a small scale in individual A4 Maidenhead to Slough cities across the country. However, we do towns the size of those in the county is not currently consider it appropriate or cost XQOLNHO\ WR EH ¿QDQFLDOO\ YLDEOH LQ WHUPV effective for such schemes to be developed of income received, relative collection in isolation in smaller towns of the size of and enforcement costs. Local road

76 77 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

user charging is not therefore, currently OHYHOVLIWKHVHDUHQRWVXI¿FLHQWO\PDQDJHG YDU\LQJGHJUHHVGHSHQGLQJRQWKHORFDWLRQEXWRIIHUWKHSRWHQWLDOWRDFFRPPRGDWHWUDI¿F considered a viable local management tool. ÀRZZKLOVWDWWKHVDPHWLPHLPSURYLQJWKHSXEOLFUHDOPDQGLPSURYLQJWKHDFFHVVLELOLW\DQG A holistic joined-up approach is required perception of town centres for all highway users. The town centre regeneration proposals for these public realm enhancements to for Aylesbury and High Wycombe rely on provide for the needs of car users and other We have been working closely with our District Councils and other partners in the development improvements to the public realm and modes. Where funding is available and of the long term visions for Aylesbury and High Wycombe. These improvements are expected accessibility. These proposals could include there is a local desire for improvements, we to be delivered largely through developer contributions as the towns grow. Integral to these the sharing of road space and its reallocation can support the application of new urban visions will be the use of latest best practice highway design principles, such as ‘shared to pedestrians and cyclists (see Shared and highway design principles, such as space’. Detailed designs are still being developed but below are some concept drawings Space case study). This will contribute shared space and those espoused in Manual for High Wycombe and Aylesbury that illustrate how some ‘shared space’ principles may be to both town centre visions by improving for Streets 2 (DfT, 2010), in smaller urban applied. the vitality and appearance of them, whilst locations to tackle problems associated at the same time enhancing access within ZLWKWUDI¿FPRYHPHQW these centres. These aspirations could XOWLPDWHO\ EH KLQGHUHG E\ JURZLQJ WUDI¿F

Thriving Economy Case Study: Shared Space Chapter 4: The Challenge Artists impressions of shared space application in Buckinghamshire’s towns. In common with many UK towns and cities, Aylesbury, High Wycombe and other market Chapter 4:

The Outcome Thriving Economy WRZQV KDYH WUDGLWLRQDOO\ EHHQ GHYHORSHG DURXQG WKH JXLGLQJ SULQFLSOH RI NHHSLQJ WUDI¿F DQG SHGHVWULDQV VHJUHJDWHG UHÀHFWLQJ WKH SUHYDLOLQJ SODQQLQJ HWKRV HVWDEOLVKHG LQ WKH If successfully implemented, the use of the latest highway design principles to support the V$VWUDI¿FOHYHOVKDYHLQFUHDVHGLQUHFHQWGHFDGHVWKLVKDVUHVXOWHGLQSHGHVWULDQV WRZQFHQWUHYLVLRQVFRXOGUHVXOWLQDORZVSHHGFRQWLQXRXVÀRZWUDI¿FHQYLURQPHQWDLPHGDW and other modes such as cycling, being squeezed out as more space has been required to PDLQWDLQLQJ DQGSRVVLEO\HQKDQFLQJ WUDI¿FFDSDFLW\$WWKHVDPHWLPHPRUHKLJKZD\ODQG DFFRPPRGDWHWUDI¿F%XV\SULQFLSDOURDGVSDVVLQJWKURXJKRUFORVHO\DURXQGWRZQFHQWUHV could be given over to other land uses and public realm, as well as improving accessibility have damaged the build environment and public realm. This has been detrimental to the DQGVDIHW\LQRXUXUEDQDUHDV+LJK:\FRPEHDQG$\OHVEXU\ZLOOEHQH¿WPRVWIURPWKHVH safety of more vulnerable road users and air quality, and has created a barrier to pedestrian design principles and accommodate the growth to support their implementation. However and cyclist movement. new developments and other local centres in the county, should also draw on them.

/DUJHURDGVVXFKDV$EEH\:D\À\RYHULQ:\FRPEHDQGWKHLQQHUULQJURDGLQ$\OHVEXU\QRW only form physical but also psychological barriers to pedestrian movement, and undermine the future growth and vitality of the towns. The public transport network provides The core network of bus services aims to links to key destinations and employment provide every community in the county The Solution centres that many people rely on. Bus with a population in excess of 2,000 with services in Buckinghamshire are provided a link to a local centre. Although largely Manual for Streets 2 (DfT, 2010) promotes ‘mixed priority streets’ and encourages transport through a balance of commercial and operated on a commercial basis, some DXWKRULWLHVWRGHVLJQVWUHHWVWKDWQDWXUDOO\VORZGRZQWKHWUDI¿F\HWPDLQWDLQDVXEVWDQWLDO subsidised provision. Bus operators run support is provided to enhance frequencies WUDI¿FÀRZ7KLVVKRXOGEHUHDOLVHGE\UHEDODQFLQJKRZPXFKRIWKHKLJKZD\LVJLYHQRYHU commercial routes with the local transport with the majority of our daytime core WRWKHQHHGVRIWUDI¿FDQGSHUPLWWLQJRWKHUPRGHVWRPRYHPRUHIUHHO\ZLWKLQWKHH[WHQWRI authority having the powers to tender services operating at least once per hour. the public highway. Counter intuitive actions such as removing guard railing and physical for wider provision on a subsidised basis We will continue to work closely with delineators between the road and footway, have been shown to be safer design solutions to supplement these commercial routes. the bus operators to effectively market when implemented as part of a comprehensive package of improvements, as they encourage Alternatively we can fund services deemed and promote public transport as well as motorists to alter their behaviour in response to the pedestrian activity around them and the non-commercial by bus companies. improving punctuality and reliability of public realm they are passing through. These ‘shared space’ principles can be adopted to

78 79 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

services. This partnership working has capacity that do not always provide the In addition to these enhancements we that will transform rail connectivity in the KDG WKH GXDO EHQH¿W RI DFKLHYLQJ PRGDO best value for money. We will continue to will be continuing to support the proposed north of the county, as well as contributing shift and increasing bus ridership as well lobby for and seek to improve rail services East West Rail scheme (see case study) to enhanced north-south links by public DVJLYLQJRSHUDWRUVWKHFRQ¿GHQFHWRPDNH and infrastructure, but also support more transport. VLJQL¿FDQWLQYHVWPHQWLQLPSURYHGVHUYLFHV investment in interurban bus and coach and directly contributing to the overall aim services. Case Study: East West Rail of reducing congestion. 7KHUH DUH D QXPEHU RI VLJQL¿FDQW Supporting New Infrastructure enhancements to the rail network already The Challenge committed (see Table 4.7) throughout the New infrastructure will be considered where county, in addition to the Evergreen 3 project Aylesbury and the surrounding hinterlands in the north of the county have limited east-west there is a genuine lack of connectivity already outlined (see 'In Focus' box). We and north-south strategic transport links. If Aylesbury is to grow sustainably and attract between key centres and where it will will continue to work with Network Rail and inward investment, connectivity with neighbouring economic centres - Milton Keynes to the enhance the local economy. Wherever WKH5DLO2SHUDWRUVWRPD[LPLVHWKHEHQH¿WV QRUWKDQGWKH7KDPHV9DOOH\WRWKHVRXWK±ZLOOQHHGWREHVLJQL¿FDQWO\LPSURYHG possible, we will look to provide sustainable of these improvements to our residents. transport improvements and packages The Solution instead of solely providing additional road

Thriving Economy Intervention Description The East West Rail (EWR) project aims to provide a new east-west orbital route between the

Chapter 4: Crossrail (Main construction Crossrail will be a new high frequency, railway for London and East of England and South Central England using primarily existing infrastructure. The EWR will start in 2010) the South East operational from 2018. Crossrail will travel from project aims to create a strategic transport link between Reading, Didcot, Oxford, Bicester, 0DLGHQKHDGDQG+HDWKURZWR6KHQ¿HOGDQG$EEH\:RRGLQ Aylesbury, Milton Keynes, Bedford, Cambridge, Norwich and Ipswich supporting sustainable

the east via new twin tunnels under Central London. It will link growth. The “Western” section will link Aylesbury to Milton Keynes and Bedford via a new Chapter 4:

Heathrow Airport, the West End, the City of London and Canary station at Winslow. Thriving Economy Wharf. Within Buckinghamshire Crossrail will serve Taplow and Iver stations. Furthermore, the Milton Keynes to Aylesbury services could be extended south via Princes National Stations )XQGHGSULPDULO\E\WKH'I7WKLV¿YH\HDUSURJUDPPHDLPV 5LVERURXJKWR+LJK:\FRPEHWKHUHE\GHOLYHULQJWKH¿UVWµEXLOGLQJEORFN¶RIDQHZQRUWK Improvement Programme to deliver £165 million worth of station improvements to south strategic transport link within the county. The Chiltern Railways Evergreen 3 project a minimum of 150 medium sized stations in England and ZLOOGHOLYHUDVLJQL¿FDQWSDUWRIWKHZHVWHUQVHFWLRQZRUNVWKHUHIRUHUHGXFLQJWKHFRVWRIWKH Wales. Stations in the programme include Aylesbury Town, EWR project. The western section of the scheme could be operational by 2017 at a cost of Gerrards Cross, Milton Keynes Central, Princes Risborough and £250m. Wendover. High Wycombe Station Chiltern Railways is progressing the £6m scheme to create a The Outcome Transport Interchange new transport interchange at High Wycombe station expected (DVW:HVW5DLOLVDVWUDWHJLFLQIUDVWUXFWXUHSURMHFWWKDWZLOOEULQJEHQH¿WVDFURVVDZLGHDUHD to be completed in early 2011. of central, eastern and southern England, including: Metropolitan Line During 2011 service changes will see the shuttle service ‡ 6XSSRUWLQJHFRQRPLFJURZWKDQGLQYHVWPHQWLQQHZMREVDQGKRPHV between Chesham and Chalfont & Latimer stations replaced ‡)DVWHUMRXUQH\VEHWZHHQWRZQVDQGFLWLHVWRWKHQRUWKDQGZHVW  RI/RQGRQDYRLGLQJ by two direct services per hour to and from central London, the need to travel via the capital as part of a wider upgrade of the Met line. Services to and from Amersham station will be reduced from four per hour to ‡ 3URYLGLQJDQDOWHUQDWLYHWRWUDYHOE\URDGUHGXFLQJFRQJHVWLRQDQGFDUERQHPLVVLRQV two during off-peak times to allow for the improved Chesham ‡ &UHDWLQJLQFUHDVHGFDSDFLW\HOVHZKHUHRQWKHUDLOQHWZRUNLQWKHORQJHUWHUP services. ‡ $VWHSFKDQJHLQFRQQHFWLYLW\IRUWKHQRUWKVRXWKD[LVLQ%XFNLQJKDPVKLUH Station Car Parks Chiltern Railways continue to progress their car park expansion programme to meet their franchise commitment. The most recent in Buckinghamshire has been a new deck at Haddenham and Thame Parkway (226 additional spaces). Additional parking is also planned at Gerrards Cross and High Wycombe stations. Evergreen 3 See 'In Focus' box on page 65.

80 Table 4.7 : Committed rail network enhancements 81 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Aylesbury Vale Parkway is another successful been secured through partnership working example of how new infrastructure has during the previous plan (see case study).

The Western Section of the route between Reading and Bedford, with a spur to Aylesbury, is Case Study: Aylesbury Vale Parkway the most advanced in planning terms. It can be delivered with relatively limited investment in new track and signalling. The DfT will be assessing the scheme for possible Government The Challenge investment in the period 2014 -2019. New growth in the west of Aylesbury has meant that it was essential to try and ease the The Government is promoting the CIL as the way in which local authorities can secure LPSDFWVRIWKLVZLWKPHDVXUHVWRUHGXFHWKHDPRXQWRIWUDI¿FJURZWK)RUGHYHORSPHQW contributions from developers towards the costs of strategic infrastructure. This Council, to be sustainable and the new businesses to succeed, there was a need for an integrated along with all local authorities along the route, is committed to including EWR in the transport network that reduced the need for both residents and employees of the local infrastructure planning that will underpin our CIL Charging Schedule. businesses to use their vehicles to access employment, homes, education and services.

The Solution

Existing single line to be upgraded under Evergreen 3 proposal New chord linking Marylebone - Banbury line to Oxford route $QHZUDLOVWDWLRQ$\OHVEXU\9DOH3DUNZD\ZDVEXLOWQH[WWRWKH$DGMDFHQWWRWKH%HUU\¿HOGV Existing freight single line to be upgraded Disused track to be restored major development area (MDA) on the north-western outskirts of the town. Eventually it will Thriving Economy Existing line to be used by EWR services be linked to the A413 near Weedon Hill via a new link road. It was delivered in partnership

Chapter 4: Proposed station Future station with Chiltern Railways, Network Rail and property developers. It provides a public transport LQWHUFKDQJHWRLQWHUFHSWWUDI¿FEHIRUHLWHQWHUV$\OHVEXU\SURYLGLQJDTXDOLW\EXVVHUYLFHLQWR

Aylesbury via a new bus based park and ride, as well as reliable train services directly into Chapter 4:

London. Thriving Economy

The Outcome

Between 14 December 2008 and 14 March 2010, 25,835 people boarded a train from Aylesbury Vale Parkway. Assuming that each person would have travelled individually by car to Aylesbury Station (a round trip of 5.4 miles from Parkway), the new station has meant that around 140,000 fewer miles have been driven. Patronage levels are also being aided E\ &KLOWHUQ 5DLOZD\V ZRUNLQJ ZLWK WKH %HUU\¿HOGV developers to provide rail season tickets to London for new residents, to encourage sustainable travel habits.

Currently, and for the foreseeable future, of this route for a high quality, segregated there is not a strong enough business case WUDI¿F IUHH ZDONLQJ DQG F\FOLQJ URXWH or likelihood of delivery for reinstating a ensures that such a use in the longer term rail service between High Wycombe and remains viable. Bourne End as part of an improved north south link between High Wycombe and the A further project we will continue to support Thames Valley. However the safeguarding is the regional coachway facility near the

82 83 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Handy Cross M40 junction in High Wycombe DV WKLV ZLOO FRQÀLFW ZLWK RWKHU JRDOV WKDW (see case study). Part of our aim to improve VHHNWRFRQWDLQWUDI¿FJURZWK The Outcome public transport connections between High Wycombe and the Thames Valley, this Critically where out-commuting is higher, Delivery of the preferred option will improve east-west coach services to and from High project will enhance inter urban and long such as Aylesbury, there is a distinct need Wycombe. The new facility will provide the opportunity for operators to serve the town in distance public transport connectivity in the to create the right climate in order to secure DQHI¿FLHQWZD\WKXVKHOSLQJWRLQFUHDVHWUDQVSRUWRSWLRQVIRUUHVLGHQWV7KHLQFOXVLRQRI south of the county. This will ultimately employment investment. If connectivity bus and coach operators VXSSRUW D PRGDO VKLIW ZLWKLQ DQG WRIURP particularly by road is central to investment, in the development High Wycombe. a tension may emerge as this may result in process will ensure more out-commuting. Other factors that the facility will be used There may be occasions where new road will encourage local employment growth by operators into the transport infrastructure will be required and in turn more local commuting patterns future and be well in locations where there is new growth, should be supported, such as improving integrated with existing GHYHORSPHQW RU DQ LGHQWL¿HG QHHG  $ the skill and knowledge base of the local bus and rail networks. balance needs to be struck between new workforce, improved ICT and superfast It is hoped that the infrastructure and the over provision of broadband and the availability of local facility will also be the highway capacity often associated with services. catalyst for new coach

Thriving Economy infrastructure delivered by developments, services to commence

Chapter 4: that improve north- south links between High Wycombe, Thames Valley and London Chapter 4: Artists impression of a potential Coachway scheme. Case Study: High Wycombe Regional Coachway Heathrow Airport. Thriving Economy

The Challenge Where resources allow, we will continue To deliver sustainable growth and There is limited express interurban bus service provision between High Wycombe and other to target capacity improvements at key regeneration of town centres we will deliver key centres, notably in the Thames Valley. This leads to a lack of travel choice and an junctions and pinch points to alleviate QHZ LQIUDVWUXFWXUH LGHQWL¿HG WKURXJK RXU over-reliance on the private car. Existing services that currently serve the M40 do not stop congestion, where these are deemed the urban strategies that support public realm regularly at High Wycombe given the lack of an accessible coach facility. PRVWFRVWHIIHFWLYHZD\RIHQKDQFLQJWUDI¿F improvements, bus priority measures and ÀRZDQGFDSDFLW\ other accessibility improvements. The Solution We will continue to support infrastructure The DfT have recently published ‘Investment The High Wycombe Regional Coachway scheme involves the construction of a high quality improvements to encourage people to use in Highways Transport Schemes’ that sets public transport interchange at the Handy Cross site adjacent to A404 Marlow Hill and an alternative to the car. Funding for new out the new roads programme. All major M40 Junction 4. The current preferred option incorporates attractive public realm features, infrastructure to support walking and cycling road schemes on the strategic road network a modern public transport interchange and multi-storey car park with access points for will be sought to enable shorter commuter have been assessed against four broad vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists. It will ensure coach services are well integrated with journeys to be undertaken by these modes. criteria, public value for money, strategic other forms of public transport, with excellent interchange opportunities with local bus Public transport infrastructure, including value, deliverability and non-monetised services and a park and ride service to the town centre and High Wycombe railway station. Real Time Passenger Information (RTPI) and impacts. Proposals for the managed The scheme will be designed to accommodate future planned inter-regional, north-south bus priority measures will be implemented motorway scheme between Junctions 3-12 coach services. to support medium and longer distance of the M4 are being reviewed. We will commuter journeys. Park and ride sites work with the Highways Agency on this and will be considered as an option and funded other schemes of relevance to the county where possible to reduce congestion in our to ensure the best possible schemes are key urban centres. progressed.

84 85 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Partnership Working to develop and where possible deliver the We will work with partners to encourage town centre regeneration improvements growth which features non-transport Successful partnership working is crucial market. We will continue to work with the for Aylesbury and High Wycombe (see case solutions including home service delivery to deliver a step-change in the county’s district planning authorities, developers study). arrangements, remote working provision population to employment balance. This and other partners to ensure that the right and improvements to information and needs to ensure that the appropriate balance between employment and housing We will continue to work with the District communication technology (e.g. improved workforce skills are developed and are is achieved in the county in order to reduce Councils along with our new parking service broadband provision). The overall aim attractive to employers across the county, the need for residents to commute long provider to deliver an effective approach to ZLOOEHWRFUHDWHVHOIVXI¿FLHQWVXVWDLQDEOH whilst matching employment opportunities distances. parking management across the county. communities. with the capabilities of the local labour

In Focus: Buckinghamshire Business First Case Study: Aylesbury and High Wycombe Town Centre Regeneration Aylesbury Buckinghamshire Business First (BBF) was formerly known as the Buckinghamshire Economic and Learning $\OHVEXU\WRZQFHQWUHKDVVHHQVLJQL¿FDQWFKDQJHVRYHUWKHUHFHQW\HDUVWKURXJKLPSURYHG Partnership. It is a lobbying organisation and "think- infrastructure and development. The improvements have included the Public Transport

Thriving Economy tank". BBF provides a forum through which individual Hub, the Bourg Walk Bridge and Crossing and the recently opened Waterside Theatre.

Chapter 4: SDUWQHUV VLJQL¿FDQW ORFDO FRPSDQLHV SXEOLF VHFWRU 7KHVH HQKDQFHPHQWV KDYH DOO EHHQ IRFXVHG DURXQG WDFNOLQJ FHUWDLQ SUREOHPV LGHQWL¿HG agencies and community organisations can come together to co-ordinate activities and act within Aylesbury that may be discourage residents and visitors. These issues include an as a catalyst for the sustainable, long-term prosperity of the county. Partners work to LQVXI¿FLHQWUHWDLODQGFDWHULQJRIIHUDZHDNOHLVXUHDQGEXVLQHVVRIIHUZLWKLQWKHWRZQDQG identify what actions need to be taken to improve the economic situation in the county and a perception that access into and around the town centre is impaired for public transport, Chapter 4: co-operate to promote activities that would not otherwise occur. pedestrians and cyclists. Thriving Economy

We have been and will continue to work with Aylesbury Vale District Council and other Key priorities are: partners to improve the access into and around the town, whilst changing the public realm and streetscape of Aylesbury. The joint working has already started with looking at:  ‡ 0DNLQJ%XFNLQJKDPVKLUHDWRSSODFHWRGREXVLQHVVLQ(XURSH ‡(QVXULQJWKDWWKHSXEOLFSULYDWHDQGYROXQWDU\VHFWRUVDUHZRUNLQJWRJHWKHUWR ‡ 0RGLI\LQJWKHLQQHUULQJURDGWKDWLVSHUFHLYHGDVDEDUULHUWRWKHH[SDQGLQJWRZQ ensure the highest quality of decision-making for the economic prosperity of ‡ ,PSURYLQJWKHSXEOLFUHDOPDQGUHPRYLQJVWUHHWFOXWWHU the county. ‡ $VVHVVLQJWKHSDUNLQJRSSRUWXQLWLHV ‡:RUNLQJZLWKDOOWKHNH\SDUWQHUVWRHQVXUHORQJWHUPVXVWDLQDELOLW\ ‡ 5HYLHZLQJWKHDFFHVVSRLQWVLQWRWKHWRZQ ‡,GHQWLI\LQJZD\VLQZKLFKWREUHDNXSWKHKDUVKLQIUDVWUXFWXUH  ZLWKSODQWLQJDQGWUHHV BBF has a unique contribution to make:

In the future we will be looking at new development opportunities throughout the town  ‡ 5DLVLQJDZDUHQHVVRI%XFNLQJKDPVKLUHDVDSODFHWRGREXVLQHVV that will facilitate the necessary changes required to improve the town's offer. We want to ‡%XLOGLQJDVWURQJHYLGHQFHEDVHWRLQIRUPPDMRUGHFLVLRQVSDUWLFXODUO\LQWKH develop better working relationship with the shopping centres to deliver improvements, and planning arena. it is likely we will examine the feasibility of relocating the bus station in order to improve  ‡ /REE\LQJIRUDGGLWLRQDOUHVRXUFHVWRVXVWDLQRXUHFRQRPLFZHOOEHLQJ accessibility.  ‡ &KDPSLRQLQJQHZSURMHFWVWKDWZLOOLPSURYHWKHEXVLQHVVHQYLURQPHQW

Whilst we continue to investigate these improvements, there is an understanding that the We will continue working with District (walking, cycling, and public transport) roads within Aylesbury town centre also form a functional role in moving people, goods Councils, developers, the Highways Agency to services, healthcare, employment and DQG VHUYLFHV DURXQG WKH WRZQ  7KHUHIRUH DQ\ PHDVXUHV PXVW EDODQFH WKH EHQH¿WV RI and other partners to ensure that new education. Any new developments will LPSURYHPHQWVDJDLQVWWKHSRWHQWLDOGLVEHQH¿WRIZRUVHQLQJFRQJHVWLRQLQWKHWRZQ$VD developments are in accessible locations have to mitigate its impacts on the transport result we will also be looking at the longer term infrastructure and public transport packages with good access by sustainable transport network. We will work with these partners that are essential in order to assist and deliver Aylesbury's development opportunities.

86 87 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

High Wycombe The Outcome

The Challenge 7KHORQJWHUPDVSLUDWLRQLVWKDWWRZQFHQWUHWUDI¿FZLOOEHDFFRPPRGDWHGRQDQHZURXWH allowing for the full integration of the historic and expanded town centres. High quality public :\FRPEH7RZQ&HQWUH0DVWHUSODQLGHQWL¿HVDQXPEHURILVVXHVZKLFKQHHGWREHDGGUHVVHG open spaces will connect key areas together, including opportunities to enjoy the River Wye in High Wycombe, including: and the heritage of the town centre, with direct and attractive linkages for pedestrians and cyclists. Investment in new development sites will bring new shops and businesses to the  ‡ $SRRULPDJHDPRQJLWVQHLJKERXUVDQGYLVLWRUV town, creating jobs, attracting more visitors and increasing footfall and spend in the retail ‡0RYHPHQW E\ DOO PRGHV LV XQVDWLVIDFWRU\ ZLWK WKH QHHGV RI WKH FDU WDNLQJ areas. Improvements to the public realm will increase property value and improve public precedence over other users perceptions of the town centre. ‡7KHWRZQKDVVXIIHUHGIURPDVHULHVRIVHSDUDWHGHYHORSPHQWVWKDWWRJHWKHU add up to less than the sum of their parts - the successful Eden shopping centre is isolated from the historic retail areas of Frogmoor and the High Street which consequently are struggling As part of recent planning changes local Aylesbury Quality Network Partnership communities are likely to be given more (AQNP). We have a number of quality bus The Solution power in decision making. We, along with partnerships in place delivering service the District Councils, will continue to work enhancements such as higher frequencies 7KH:\FRPEH0DVWHUSODQLGHQWL¿HVWKHQHJDWLYHDQGGLYLVLYHLPSDFWRIWKHWRZQFHQWUH

Thriving Economy with, guide and support local communities and new branded vehicles in return for us URDGVQDPHO\$EEH\:D\À\RYHUDQGWRDOHVVHUH[WHQW$UFKZD\7KHYLVLRQWKHUHIRUHDLPV

Chapter 4: in the development and delivery of local agreeing a level of subsidy and sharing to reconnect and enhance the town centre, maintaining access whilst reducing road and priorities and Neighbourhood Plans. promotional materials and performance WUDI¿FLQWUXVLRQWKURXJKWKHUHPRYDORIWKHVHWZRVHFWLRQVRIKLJKZD\DQGWKHSURYLVLRQRI This should ultimately ensure that local ¿JXUHVZLWKWKHEXVFRPSDQLHV an alternative town centre network. The Masterplan is not just about the removal of the

FRPPXQLWLHV FDQ EHQH¿W DV PXFK DV Chapter 4: $EEH\:D\À\RYHUDQGWKHGRZQJUDGLQJRI$UFKZD\LWLVDERXWGRLQJVRLQDZD\WKDW

possible from growth in their area The BPIP and AQNP are formal Thriving Economy ensures that the town centre remains accessible. The space released from the highway arrangements. As part of the BPIP we liaise can be made available for development which will increase High Wycombe's offer in terms We will work with neighbouring authorities with bus companies regularly to make bus RIUHWDLODQGEXVLQHVVGHYHORSPHQWDQGSURYLGHVLJQL¿FDQWRSHQVSDFHLPSURYHPHQWLQWKH to tackle congestion and journey time companies aware of planned roadworks, town including the creation of public "squares" at the Abbey Way ring junction and Oxford reliability issues on the network. In and together to tackle bus services with Road roundabout, and the reopening of the River Wye. addition, we will liaise with neighbouring unreliable punctuality. The AQNP is a authorities and adjacent LEPs in support of recent initiative with Arriva that is looking Improvements to the public realm will help improve people's perception of the town, thus new infrastructure, such as East West Rail to provide a more integrated network, encouraging more investment and encouraging visitors to stay longer and spend more within and the Wycombe Coachway. with better bus coordination and single the town centre. ticketing options, between the individual We will continue to work in partnership bus companies serving Aylesbury. During with bus service companies through various the course of this Plan we will look at the formal and informal agreements to maintain viability of extending the AQNP approach the level of service in the county. Such to Wycombe, and this could provide the partnership arrangements include Quality platform for developing integrated ticketing Bus Partnerships, the Bus Punctuality or smart ticketing options countywide (see Improvement Partnership (BPIP) and the case study).

Indicative artist’s impression of new public space created at Oxford Road roundabout (Source: High Wycombe Town Centre Masterplan Background Paper (WDC and TfB, June 2010)

88 89 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Case Study: Smart and Integrated Ticketing Case Study: Partnership working with the Rail Industry

The Challenge The Challenge

In order to increase the attractiveness and use of public transport it is essential that a The local rail network forms an integral part of the county’s wider transport network. MRXUQH\IURPVWDUWWR¿QLVKFDQEHPDGHDVHDVLO\DVSRVVLEOH$WSUHVHQWDNH\EDUULHULQ The fragmented structure of the rail industry is not necessarily conducive to co-ordinated achieving this aim is the complexity surrounding the purchasing of tickets, the use of the working. In Buckinghamshire there are four different train operators (Chiltern Railways, First correct ticket and the need to buy a number of different tickets when transferring between Great Western, London Midland and London Underground) together with two infrastructure bus and rail for a single journey. RZQHUVSURYLGHUV 1HWZRUN 5DLO DQG 7UDQVSRUW IRU /RQGRQ   7KH FKDOOHQJH LV WR IRUJH effective working relationships with these organisations to deliver integrated transport The Solution solutions where opportunities occur.

Smart and integrated ticketing has the potential to revolutionise the way passengers use The Solution public transport, and the Government has committed to delivering, with operators and other public bodies, the infrastructure to enable most journeys to use smart ticketing by 2015. We proactively seek to work closely with partners. This is done through liaison meetings Tickets electronically stored (smart) on a card or mobile phone that people top up with both on a topic-by-topic basis and through wider fora. For example, Chiltern Railways

Thriving Economy credit, can reduce queues at tickets machines and remove the need to carry cash when engage with local authorities and passenger user groups through a quarterly passenger

Chapter 4: travelling. They can also make travel more economical by capping multiple single trips in board where the focus is on new timetables, fare changes and project progress reporting. a day at the cost of a travel card, and offering loyalty points for travel or discounts. Smart Network Rail now proactively engages with us on their various Route Utilisation Strategies Tickets, or more simple integrated tickets, also offer seamless travel with the same ticket to ensure local transport and spatial plans are taken into account.

across different operators and between rail and bus. The London Oyster Card is the most Chapter 4:

well known example of smart ticketing. The Outcome Thriving Economy

The Outcome A range of projects and initiatives that contribute to us to meeting our Plan objectives, have been and will continues to be delivered in partnership with the rail industry. Examples on Improved public transport patronage, resulting the Chiltern network include: in reduced car use and lower greenhouse gas ‡$\OHVEXU\9DOH3DUNZD\QHZVWDWLRQRSHQHGLQWRVHUYHKRXV  LQJJURZWKRQWKH emissions, improved air quality and health and northwest side of the town. This £15m project was jointly sponsored by Laing Rail reduced congestion. We will investigate with our and the County Council with the injection of an £8m Community Infrastructure Fund partners, the potential rollout of such a scheme grant. DFURVV WKH FRXQW\ JLYHQ WKH EHQH¿WV RI UHGXFHG ‡7KH$\OHVEXU\+XERSHQHGLQ7KLVZDVD&RXQW\&RXQFLOVF  KHPHFRVWLQJ P bus journey times and improved reliability, and project that enables local bus services to pass the station thereby achieving a step potentially more accurate passenger data to inform FKDQJHLQEXVWUDLQLQWHJUDWLRQ service planning and improvements. ‡+LJK:\FRPEH6WDWLRQ7UDQVSRUW,QWHUFKDQJHLVD PSURMHFWWKD  WKDVEHHQGHOLYHUHG by Chiltern Railways as part of its franchise commitment. Close partnership working with us has been vital in optimising the various transport interfaces. ‡$UDQJHRIRWKHUVXVWDLQDEOHVWDWLRQDFFHVVLPSURYHPHQWVLQFOXG  LQJQHZSHGHVWULDQ and cycling routes, expansion of cycle parking and new bus links serving new housing During the last Plan period much was We will also continue to work with the developments. achieved through partnership work with Highways Agency, as well as Network Rail ‡-RLQWPDUNHWLQJDQGSURPRWLRQDODFWLYLW\$SLORWVWDWLRQWUDYH  OSODQIRU$\OHVEXU\LV the rail industry (see case study). We will and Rail Franchise Operators, to secure also being developed. continue to work closely with Network Rail, improvements to the strategic road and rail Chiltern Railways and other rail service networks in the county, and provide more providers and rail industry members as part reliable journey times. of the rail element of our Sustainable Travel Strategy (see summary).

90 91 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Chapter 5: Sustainable Environment Sustainable Travel Strategy Summary - Rail %XFNLQJKDPVKLUH KDV RQH RI WKH KLJKHVW FDUERQ IRRWSULQWV LQ WKH 8. 7KLV UHÀHFWV ERWK LWV DIÀXHQFH KLJKOHYHOVRIHQHUJ\XVH DQGWKHFRXQW\¶VVHPLUXUDOQDWXUH KLJKOHYHOVRIFDU Although we have no statutory duty to prepare a rail strategy we wish to harness the use and above average journey distances). Buckinghamshire’s environment is important to contribution that the heavy rail network can make to the overall transport network and to our residents and needs to be protected. This includes not just the valued green spaces and achieving the Plan objectives. This strategy sets out how the County Council is engaging countryside but also our town centres. with the rail industry to deliver improved transport integration.

The county strategy will support the delivery of this Plan's objectives through a range of key Introduction National Context initiatives and projects. We will:

We must ensure that current and future Alongside economic growth, leading the ‡&RQWLQXHWROHDGWKH(DVW:HVW5DLO&RQVRUWLXPRIORFDOWUDQVSRUWDXWKRULWLHV JHQHUDWLRQVFDQEHQH¿WIURPRXUULFKDQG way on reducing global carbon emissions in the promotion, development and implementation of the project (see case varied natural and built environment. We and other greenhouse gases to avert study). can do this by managing our environment dangerous climate change is among the ‡&RQWLQXHWRZRUNZLWK&KLOWHUQ5DLOZD\VWRLPSURYHUDLOFRQQHFWLRQVEHWZHHQ sustainably - reducing the harmful impact highest national priorities. For this reason, Aylesbury – Princes Risborough - High Wycombe. Through this work we aim of our actions and protecting our most and given the level of the county’s current to secure rail service improvements between the county's two principal towns.

Thriving Economy valued environmental features in towns carbon footprint, reducing carbon emissions ‡&RQWLQXH WKH GHYHORSPHQW DQG SURPRWLRQ RI VXVWDLQDEOH DFFHVV WR VWDWLRQV

Chapter 4: and the countryside. from transport is the top priority of this Plan, and improved integration between train and other transport modes. alongside supporting a Thriving Economy. ‡'HYHORSDQGSURPRWHQHZEXVVHUYLFHOLQNVWRWKHVWDWLRQVLQ$\OHVEXU\DQG 7KHUHDUHPDQ\EHQH¿WVRIGRLQJWKLV%\ High Wycombe in partnership with Chiltern Railways. reducing carbon emissions and adapting to Central Government has committed to a ‡'HYHORSEHWWHUZDONLQJDQGF\FOLQJDFFHVVWRVWDWLRQVLQFOXGLQJH[SDQVLRQRI climate change, central Government will reduction of at least 80% in greenhouse gas cycle parking in partnership with Train Operators. meet their commitment to carbon reduction emissions by 2050 compared to 1990 levels ‡'HYHORSDµSLORW¶6WDWLRQ7UDYHO3ODQIRU$\OHVEXU\LQSDUWQHUVKLSZLWK&KLOWHUQ targets and help reduce the likelihood and and is also committed to demanding 2020 Railways and consider a ‘roll out’ to other key stations. impact of extreme weather events and WDUJHWV7UDQVSRUWFDQPDNHDVLJQL¿FDQW ‡/HDG WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI D µ&RPPXQLW\ 5DLO 3DUWQHUVKLS¶ IRU WKH 0DUORZ ÀRRGLQJ%\LPSURYLQJHI¿FLHQF\DQGXVLQJ contribution to this in the long term by

0DLGHQKHDG EUDQFK OLQH VR WKDW LW IXO¿OV LWV SRWHQWLDO WR VXSSRUWWKHORFDO Chapter 5: Sustainable less energy, materials and fuel we can save decarbonising. It is important that efforts Environment economy and community. money as well as reducing emissions and are made in the short and medium term to ‡(QJDJHZLWK&URVVUDLODQG1HWZRUN5DLOLQWKHGHOLYHU\DQGPD[LPLVDWLRQRI ZDVWH JRLQJ WR ODQG¿OO ,Q DGGLWLRQ DQ reduce carbon emissions if targets are to be EHQH¿WV WR ORFDO UHVLGHQWV RI WKH ZHVWHUQ DUP RI WKH UDLOZD\ VHUYLQJ VRXWK attractive environment generates income by met and dangerous climate change avoided. Buckinghamshire through to Maidenhead. encouraging visitors to the area, especially The availability (the peak oil concept) and ‡&RQWLQXH WR ZRUN FORVHO\ ZLWK 1HWZRUN 5DLO &KLOWHUQ 5DLOZD\V )LUVW *UHDW to the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural price of oil are further factors behind why Western and other rail service providers and rail industry members to support Beauty (AONB). it is important for the UK transport system rail service improvements to residents. to become less dependent on a carbonised Central to the success of maintaining a transport network in the long term. Sustainable Environment is the need for individuals and organisations to make Reducing waste and increasing levels environmentally sound choices. This can RI UHXVHUHF\FOLQJ LV LPSRUWDQW QRW mean a change in behaviour such as cycling MXVW EHFDXVH ODQG¿OO LV KDUPIXO WR WKH or walking to work, ensuring household environment, but also because of the and business waste is recycled or taking greenhouse gas emissions associated advantage of new technology, such as with production of virgin material and the electric cars and low energy lighting. PHWKDQHIURPODQG¿OO7D[HVPHDQWKDWLW Central and local government, in addition is becoming increasingly expensive to send to the private sector and community groups ZDVWHWRODQG¿OODQGWKLVFRVWLVXOWLPDWHO\ all have a role in ensuring the right choices born by local taxpayers. 92 are made. 93 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Our long term prosperity and quality of needs of future generations. Biodiversity, and high levels of car use with typical car The Buckinghamshire Environment life is enhanced by our environment. It is attractive landscapes, the protection of our journeys being longer than the UK average. imperative that natural assets are used and heritage assets and well maintained urban ,Q DGGLWLRQ WR WKLV WKHUH DUH VLJQL¿FDQW In 2008, we undertook the Buckinghamshire managed in a sustainable way, so that we landscapes are all vital in improving our DPRXQWV RI WUDI¿F SDVVLQJ WKURXJK WKH Landscape Character Assessment. Similar can meet our energy, minerals, fresh water, quality of life, and local economies. district, notably on the M4, M40 and M25 assessments will be completed for Chiltern, clean air and fertile soil needs, and those which further contribute to CO2 emissions. Wycombe and South Bucks by the end of WKH ¿UVW \HDU RI WKH 3ODQ  :LWKLQ WKHVH County Challenges Local communities and businesses have GRFXPHQWV WKHUH LV VLJQL¿FDQW UHIHUHQFH a responsibility to reduce CO2 emissions to the character and nature of our and contribute towards the wider goal environment. This has demonstrated the Carbon Emissions of preventing climate change. Potential totality and quality of the county's natural initiatives include the construction of low and built environment. energy buildings and the use of alternative energy and fuel. Emerging new low emission technology provides increasing RSSRUWXQLWLHVWRPDNHDVLJQL¿FDQWSRVLWLYH impact. Environment Sustainable Chapter 5: Chapter 5: Sustainable Environment

Fig 5.1: Per capita carbon emissions in England and Wales (Department of Energy and Climate Change, 2008)

Buckinghamshire produces more carbon for England (8 tonnes) (source: DECC emissions per person than the average for 2008). As can be seen from Figure 5.1, other local authority areas in the south east South Bucks has one of the highest level of England (7.9 tonnes CO2 as opposed to of CO2 emissions per person in the country. 7.6 tonnes per person for the south east) , 7KLV UHÀHFWV WKH KLJK QXPEHU RI ODUJH Fig 5.2: The Chilterns AONB although this is still in line with the average HQHUJ\ LQHI¿FLHQW KRXVHV LQ WKH FRXQW\

94 95 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Within Buckinghamshire there is an Flooding England Rank Settlement Properties at Risk extensive network of sites that are 50 High Wycombe 5,800 GHVLJQDWHG DV HQYLURQPHQWDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW ,W LV IRUHFDVW WKDW LQVWDQFHV RI ÀRRGLQJ 67 Chesham 4,400 These include both national (such as Sites are likely to increase in the future due to 166 Aylesbury 2,000 RI 6SHFLDO 6FLHQWL¿F ,QWHUHVW DQG 1DWLRQDO the impact of climate change resulting in 176 Marlow 1,900 Nature Reserves) and international LQFUHDVHG UDLQIDOO  +LVWRULFDOO\ ÀRRGLQJ designations (such as Special Areas of has occurred in a number of areas across 292 Amersham 1,100 Conservation, Special Protection Areas, Buckinghamshire. 390 Wendover 810 and Ramsar sites). The Plan’s Strategic 436 Chalfont St Peter & Gerrards 710 Environmental Assessment scoping report 7RZQV DQG YLOODJHV LGHQWL¿HG DV DW ULVN Cross summarises in more detail nationally and LQFOXGH WKRVH RQ ÀRRGSODLQV $\OHVEXU\ 470 Princes Risborough 640 internationally designated sites in the and Marlow) and those with naturally high 485 Bourne End & Flackwell 610 county. The Chilterns AONB lies across the groundwater levels that are susceptible to Heath centre of Buckinghamshire covering about a surface water run-off following heavy rain 575 Hazlemere & Tylers Green 480 quarter of the county (Fig 5.2). Legislation (Chesham, Amersham, High Wycombe). Table 5.1:7RSµDWULVN¶VHWWOHPHQWVLQ%XFNLQJKDPVKLUHRIVXUIDFHZDWHUÀRRGLQJ 6RXUFH requires that the natural beauty of the Details of Buckinghamshire settlements Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) AONB be conserved and enhanced. Over PRVWDWULVNRIVXUIDFHZDWHUUXQRIIÀRRGLQJ a third of Buckinghamshire is protected can be found in Table 5.1. It is essential that we continue to work materials and objects (street furniture, as Metropolitan Green Belt, mostly in the WR UHGXFH WKH ULVN RI ÀRRGLQJ DFURVV WKH signs) required to maintain the character south of the county. In addition the county In April 2010 the Government passed county and ensure that infrastructure of conservation areas. has number of non-statutory sites that new legislation (the Flood and Water (roads, bridges and structures, buildings, need protecting by the Local Authority. Management Act) in a bid to improve the DJULFXOWXUDO ODQG  LV UHVLOLHQW WR ÀRRGLQJ :DVWHDQG/DQG¿OO*HQHUDWLRQ ZD\ WKH FRXQWU\ SUHYHQWV ÀRRGLQJ DQG ZKHQLWRFFXUV7KHLPSDFWRIÀRRGLQJRQ

Environment Recent trends show that whilst the condition PDQDJHV WKH LPSDFW RI ÀRRGLQJ ZKHQ LW

Sustainable the local economy and residents’ homes As a society, we are currently producing more Chapter 5: of SSSIs are generally improving across occurs. As a result of reforms in the Act, we can be severe. It is essential funding is waste than ever before with the majority WKHFRXQW\WKHH[WHQWDQGRUFRQGLWLRQRI have gained new responsibilities to address allocated by central Government and that EHLQJ VHQW WR ODQG¿OO VLWHV  (FRQRPLF some habitats is deteriorating, including ORFDO ÀRRGLQJ LVVXHV DQG FRRUGLQDWH communities are involved in the decision growth and greater consumer consumption Chapter 5: Sustainable lowland heath and grassland, hedgerows, work between relevant partners including making process aimed at meeting the local has led to year-on-year growth in waste. Environment reedbed, and chalk rivers. Areas of nature District Councils, internal drainage boards needs. In response to this unsustainable growth conservation and landscape importance and water companies. The Environment central Government have set a framework are under pressure from climate change, Agency (EA) continues in its strategic role Conservation Areas and targets to limit waste production, including the Chilterns AONB, Burnham managing main rivers. PLQLPLVH ZDVWH WR ODQG¿OO DQG WR UHF\FOH Beeches SAC and Stoke Common SSSI. The rich historic heritage and landscape or recover value from waste. A national (Source: LTP SEA) sets Buckinghamshire apart from the target has been set to reduce the amount surrounding counties. There are currently of household waste not re-used, recycled 213 regionally and locally important or composted by 29% in 2010 and 45% in conservation areas within the county, 2020 (against a 2000 baseline). ranging from small rural areas such as Hedgerley Village and Little Missenden; to Around 1.75 million tonnes of waste is town centres including Aylesbury Town, produced a year in Buckinghamshire. In $PHUVKDP2OG7RZQDQG%HDFRQV¿HOG2OG addition, the county has for many years Town. It is important that the character received London’s waste by rail and road; of these areas are maintained, protected DV WKH FDSLWDO GRHV QRW KDYH VXI¿FLHQW DQGHQKDQFHG7KLVPD\EHDVLJQL¿FDQW facilities to deal with all its own waste. At challenge due to the often high purchase present the main method of management and maintenance costs of specialist LVGLVSRVDODWORFDOODQG¿OOVLWHV

96 97 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

In the future Buckinghamshire must be Key Transport Issues When analysing transport-related CO2 so the focus must be on greener and more prepared to deal with the waste it produces, emissions by trip length and purpose (Figs HI¿FLHQWIXHOWHFKQRORJ\WRGHOLYHUFDUERQ through waste recycling, composting, Carbon Emissions from Transport 5.4 and 5.5), it can be seen that a high savings. Currently trips over 25 miles are other recovery (treatment) methods and proportion of carbon emission arise from relatively few (seven percent) but make a ODQG¿OO  7KLV VKRXOG DOO EH SHUIRUPHG DV As evident from Figure 5.3 transport trips of between two miles and 25 miles in VLJQL¿FDQW FRQWULEXWLRQ WR &22 emissions close to the source of waste production is a major contributor to the country’s length. These could potentially be made by (38%). as possible. It is therefore essential that greenhouse gas emissions. Over half more sustainable modes, such as walking we and our communities work together to (55%) the carbon emissions from domestic and cycling for shorter distances and public The main reasons for the trips under 25 establish a range of measures to reduce transport is generated by passenger cars, transport (bus and rail) for longer distances. miles are commuting, shopping and trips waste, increase recycling and recovery and with almost a third (30%) generated by Notwithstanding the development of rail for personal business including social visits to minimise the amount of waste sent to HGVs and light duty vehicles. DQG LQWHUXUEDQ EXVFRDFK QHWZRUN LW ZLOO (Fig 5.5). For trips in excess of 25 miles GLVSRVDODWODQG¿OO EHPRUHGLI¿FXOWWRWUDQVIHUWKRVHWULSVRI business travel and commuting make a over 25 miles onto more sustainable modes, VLJQL¿FDQWFRQWULEXWLRQDVZHOODVKROLGD\V GD\WULSVDQGYLVLWLQJIULHQGVIDPLO\

Industrial Processes 3% Waste Other Agriculture 4% 1% 8% Energy Residental 35% 13%

Domestic Transport Business 21% Environment 15% Sustainable Chapter 5: Chapter 5: Sustainable Environment Fig 5.3: UK Greenhouse gas emission by sector (Department of Energy and Climate Change, UK &OLPDWH&KDQJHVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWLQGLFDWRUJUHHQKRXVHJDVHPLVVLRQV¿QDO¿JXUHV  (Source: DECC, 2010)

In 2007, the Government measured the Transportation, in particular travel by car, amount of CO2 produced by road transport contributes to over a quarter of total CO2 in different areas across the country. It was emissions in Buckinghamshire. Due to the Fig 5.4: Proportion of trips and CO2 emissions from household car journeys by trip length, GB, revealed in Buckinghamshire that average semi-rural nature of the county with goods DYHUDJH 'I7 CO2 emissions released per person from and services dispersed across the area, the cars, lorries and vans was 50% higher car is often perceived as the only viable than the national average. In South Bucks, choice of transport. This combined with a emissions were actually four times higher UHODWLYHO\ DIÀXHQW SRSXODWLRQ KDV UHVXOWHG than the national average, although the in high levels of car ownership and use. extent of motorway network within this Policies set in other areas (for example district does contribute partly to these high increasing parental choice in the education ¿JXUHV and patient choice in the health sector, as well as rationalisation of service outlets VXFK DV ORFDO SRVW RI¿FHV  RQO\ VHUYH WR increase the need to travel by car. 98 99 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

6200 6100 6000 5900 5800 Carbon Emissions 5700 (Tonnes) 5600 5500 5400 Carbon Emissions (tonnes) 5300 5200

      

Fig 5.6: Energy consumption, carbon emissions and costs from BCC street lighting (BCC)

6LJQL¿FDQW TXDQWLWLHV RI FDUERQ DUH In delivering highway maintenance and produced by our client transport function. management functions we operate and Some progress has been made in recent PDLQWDLQDODUJHÀHHWRIYHKLFOHV,Q Fig 5.5: Estimated CO2 emissions from household cars by journey purpose and journey length, \HDUVWRUHGXFHWKLV,QWKHWRWDO WKHÀHHWVL]HWRWDOOHGYHKLFOHVRIYDULRXV *%DYHUDJH 'I7 miles travelled by vehicles delivering sizes ranging from small car derived vans Environment Sustainable Chapter 5: Special Education Needs transport totalled (CDV) to 26 tonne salt spreaders. European Carbon Emissions and Waste how despite reducing lighting energy PLOHV,QWKLVKDGEHHQ HPLVVLRQ VWDQGDUGV GH¿QH WKH DFFHSWDEOH Generation from our Infrastructure consumption since undertaking the street reduced by 180,623 miles (1,806,229). In limits for exhaust emissions of new vehicles Chapter 5: and Operations OLJKWVZLWFKRIISURJUDPPHLQZH Sustainable DGGLWLRQLQWKHWRWDOPLOHVWUDYHOOHG sold in the European Union. Environment still consume more energy and emit more by vehicles delivering mainstream Home We are responsible for the operation of all FDUERQQRZWKDQLQDVDUHVXOWRI to School transport totalled 1,263,502 Currently new commercial vehicles sold WKH WUDI¿F VLJQDOV LOOXPLQDWHG VLJQV DQG additional lighting equipment installed PLOHV,QWKLVKDGEHHQUHGXFHG must meet Euro 5 standards. These bollards and most of the street lights on the when new roads and streets have been to 642,386 miles, a 50% reduction. emission standards ensure newer vehicles FRXQW\¶VURDGQHWZRUN7KLVLVDWVLJQL¿FDQW built. Increases in energy costs have also emit fewer pollutants such as carbon cost in terms of carbon emissions and KDGDVLJQL¿FDQW¿QDQFLDOLPSDFWRYHUWKH Mileage should be reduced to deliver a more oxides and nitrogen oxides compared to ¿QDQFHV7DEOHDQG)LJXUHVKRZV period. HI¿FLHQWRSHUDWLRQDQGFOLHQWWUDQVSRUWZLOO older vehicles. Higher emission standards continue to push their contractors to have are also an indication of improved fuel Financial Total Energy Carbon Energy Cost (£) PRUHIXHOHI¿FLHQWYHKLFOHV%\'HFHPEHU HI¿FLHQF\DQGKHQFHFDUERQHPLVVLRQV$ Year Consumption Emissions 2012, all prime contractors (buses over 16 VXPPDU\RIRXUÀHHWFRPSRVLWLRQ (kWh) (Tonnes) seats) operating Home to School transport is shown in Table 5.3, along with the  12,823,591 5514 511,661 will be Euro4 engine compliant or better. emission standards they comply with.  13,374,254 5751 565,731  13,887,336 5972 772,136  14,140,616 6080 1,002,570  13,879,593 5968 985,590  13,258,231 5701 912,166  13,541,361 5823 1,297,344 Table 5.2: Energy consumption, carbon emissions and costs from BCC street lighting 100 101 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Vehicle Number Emissions Standard 26 ton 6 Euro 5 18 ton 25 12 x Euro 5, 6 x Euro 4 7.5 ton 17 Euro 4 3.5 ton 24 Euro 4 CDV 5 Euro 4 LATS Vans 24 Euro 4 Salt Spreaders 4 Euro 4 4x4 Bridge 1 Euro 3 Inspection Vehicle Table 5.3: 7UDQVSRUWIRU%XFNLQJKDPVKLUHÀHHWFRPSRVLWLRQ %&&

As part of our commitment to reducing the sensitive natural and urban environments amount of carbon and waste generated by across the county, as outlined previously, our activities, we have undertaken an audit as well as issues associated with habitat exercise on our carbon emissions, waste loss and biodiversity. production and use of recycled materials. The results of this audit are available and 7UDQVSRUW FDQ VLJQL¿FDQWO\ DIIHFW WKH have been used to baseline and measure visual appearance and quality of local Environment

Sustainable our performance over the Plan period. The environments, impacting on the rural Chapter 5: audit covers the amount of business travel qualities of villages, the public realm and the Fig 5.7: Buckinghamshire Tranquillity Map (reproduced with kind permission of CPRE) mileage staff undertake and mileage by our sense of place especially in urban locations. ÀHHW YHKLFOHV WR VXSSOHPHQW WKH GDWD ZH Insensitive signage, the poor condition of Chapter 5: Sustainable already have on the energy consumption of transport assets, streetlights, the use of As part of the European Environmental Noise The Public Rights of Way network accounts Environment our infrastructure. inappropriate materials, noise and vibration Directive, Department for Environment, for 51% of the highway network by length IURPIDVWPRYLQJRUKLJKWUDI¿FÀRZVFDQ Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) have and is managed by the BCC Rights of The audit assessed the quantities of material all detract from the appearance and quality undertaken a strategic survey to identify Way Service. In 2008 the Rights of Way VHQWWRODQG¿OODVSDUWRIRXUPDLQWHQDQFH of the local environment. noise issues on railways and roads. As part Improvement Plan (ROWIP) was published, operations, and the amount of material of the directive, DEFRA intend to develop a strategy which sets out the councils recycled. Future Implementation Plans will The Campaign for the Protection of Rural noise action plans. The noise action plans priorities and aspirations to accommodate feature data from this audit, when providing England (CPRE) has produced tranquillity will include: an evaluation of the estimated the present and future needs of residents updates on our performance framework. maps of England. These assess the level number of people exposed to noise; and and visitors wishing to access our towns of tranquillity for each 500m2 square of LGHQWL¿FDWLRQRISUREOHPVWKDWQHHGWREH and countryside. Heritage and Environment the country, including the visual impact of addressed; any noise reduction measures URDGV ORZ À\LQJ DLUFUDIW OLJKW SROOXWLRQ already in force and any projects in Rights of Way are highways maintained Transport improvements such as new and noise from transport are among the preparation; actions to be taken in the next at public expense and the council has a roads and road widening can often result factors that detract from tranquillity. Figure ¿YH\HDUVDQGDORQJWHUPVWUDWHJ\7KH statutory duty to maintain a safe and well in additional landtake that subsequently 5.7 shows the county’s tranquillity map and annual Implementation Plan will include an signposted network. The Rights of Way damage sensitive environmental habitats how relatively few areas in the county can update to the development of these noise team use a GIS data base (Countryside or statutorily designated sites unless be classed as tranquil, particularly in the action plans and our associated strategy. Access Management System - CAMS) on impacts are mitigated. There are numerous south of the county. which they manage the network and log reports received from the public. In April 2011 reports from our website will be 102 directly linked into the CAMS system. 103 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

One of the main reasons cited by residents In addition to protecting and improving Transport Objectives for living in Buckinghamshire is the the rural landscape of Buckinghamshire, attractive countryside. Indeed, access it is imperative to protect and improve our to the Buckinghamshire countryside is urban areas. This is not solely restricted to important for quality of life and well-being protecting those areas within designated, of our residents. Rights of Way provide conservation areas. As outlined in the Objective: Reduce the need to travel direct links between where people live Thriving Economy section (Chapter 4), and their local green spaces, as well as to there are clear emerging visions for the Summary: Support the delivery of initiatives and infrastructure that enable people to amenities, schools, shops and employment. regeneration and renewal of our main access services without the need to travel, reducing their carbon footprint by accessing They can play an important role in walking urban centres. It is imperative that the services at or near to home. Initiatives could include the development of high speed and cycling, and much of the National county’s urban areas are improved to broadband in the county, and encouraging employers to support teleconferencing and Cycle Network in Buckinghamshire runs become vibrant town centres with new remote working. along byways and bridleways. The Rights cultural, retail, employment and leisure of Way Team also works closely with the offers for the urban and rural population to Aim: Total CO 2 emissions from transport associated with avoidable journeys will be Chilterns Conservation Board to provide be proud of. reduced. better access in and around the Chilterns $21%DQGZLWKWKH6LPSO\:DON2I¿FHUWR How We Will Measure Success improve routes used by participants in the High Speed Broadband coverage in the county healthy walks scheme. Many of the aims in /HYHOVRIWUDI¿FJURZWKLQ$\OHVEXU\DQG+LJK:\FRPEH the ROWIP are therefore relevant to those of this Plan.

Maintaining a fully integrated network is

Environment essential to protect opportunities for the Sustainable Chapter 5: public to both safely enjoy the countryside for recreation and health; and for non- Objective: Increase the proportion of people travelling by low emission modes of vehicular access to services and between transport Chapter 5: Sustainable communities. More information on the Environment ROWIP can be found on the Rights of Way Summary: Increasing the proportion of people walking, cycling, car sharing, using public web pages (www.buckscc.gov.uk). transport, hybrid cars and vehicles powered by sustainable fuels. Means of delivery include the promotion of new vehicle technologies and cleaner fuels, behaviour change initiatives to encourage people to use low emission modes of transport and working with partners to ensure appropriate sustainable fuel infrastructure is in place (e.g. electric charging points).

Aim: The proportion of people travelling by low emission modes of transport within %XFNLQJKDPVKLUHZLOOKDYHVLJQL¿FDQWO\LQFUHDVHG

How We Will Measure Success Bus patronage data 3URSRUWLRQRIUHJLVWHUHGFDUVLQWKHFRXQW\WKDWDUHEHORZDGH¿QHGHPLVVLRQVVWDQGDUG

104 105 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Our Approach materials with low life cycle levels of carbon will be used and materials with high Objective: Protect, improve and maintain the local environment The following section summarises our recycled content. approach to addressing challenges within Summary: Effective maintenance and management of transport assets in the interests Buckinghamshire linked to Sustainable Maintenance activities will be undertaken of the public realm and ensuring that negative impacts of the transport network (e.g. (QYLURQPHQWXQGHURXU¿YHEURDGDFWLYLWLHV with recognition of the local distinctiveness, QRLVHZDWHUSROOXWLRQYLVXDOLQWUXVLRQELRGLYHUVLW\OLJKWSROOXWLRQÀRRGLQJ RQSHRSOH including recognition of conservation and the local environment are reduced. Delivering Maintenance areas, statutorily designated sites and HQYLURQPHQWDO VHQVLWLYLWLHV  6SHFL¿FDOO\ Aim: Transport infrastructure complimenting the public realm to be enhanced and We will prioritise the maintenance of popular regarding works in the AONB, but also maintained. To reduce the negative impacts of transport movements, on people and the cycling and walking routes, informed by in other rural areas, the document environment. our network hierarchy to encourage the ‘Environmental Guidelines for the use of zero emission modes of transport. Management of the Highways in the How We Will Measure Success Maintenance will be undertaken in an Chilterns’, jointly published by the highway Flood Management Plan indicators HI¿FLHQW DQG HIIHFWLYH PDQQHU UHGXFLQJ authorities and the Chilterns Conservation Noise Management Plan indicators associated fuel use. Where possible, Board, will be adhered to. Public Satisfaction with the maintenance of roads and pavements LTP3 Strategic Environmental Assessment Indicators on transports impact on the Water Environment, Geology and Soils, Landscape and Townscape and The Historic Environment Case Study: We’re Working on It

The Challenge

Whilst maintenance work was being undertaken as necessary across the county it was felt by the public Environment

Sustainable and local members that some areas were missing out on Chapter 5: funding for a variety of reasons, such as the works they Objective: Reduce carbon emissions and waste associated with transport authority required were deemed a low priority or their network was in relatively good condition. In operations.

addition, there were concerns that some of the decisions being made regarding where this Chapter 5: Sustainable Environment money was being spent were not being directed to those areas where the public wanted Summary: 5HGXFLQJFDUERQHPLVVLRQVDQGODQG¿OODVVRFLDWHGZLWKWUDQVSRUWLQIUDVWUXFWXUH investment. including street lighting, the construction of assets (e.g. roads, pavements and bridges) and the maintenance of those assets. Also includes the reduction in carbon emissions The Solution associated with County Council employees journey to work, which are covered by our Travel Plan, and emissions from our client transport function and other bus services To overcome this perception and encourage engagement between Local Members, local which we support. area technicians and our area maintenance teams, £3.25 million was top sliced from the area maintenance budgets in Spring 2008 and divided between the 19 local areas. Local Aim: CO2 emissions associated with Transport for Buckinghamshire operations to be members were then involved directly in deciding how this money was spent, working in reduced. partnership with our local area technicians, enabling collaborative decisions to be made for small maintenance works on local roads and pavements. How We Will Measure Success Our operational CO2 emissions including business mileage The Outcome County Council employee car use on the journey to work Since 2008 the types of work required has changed, in line with members' feedback and advice; however the project began by “blitzing” local communities with around 84,000 m2 of pothole and patching repair work across the county in 2009. This enabled us to tackle problem sites for a community as required. The project has increased engagement with Local Members who responded very positively to the initiative, as well as other local groups and parish and District Council representatives. 106 107 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Public realm and asset management reviews Encouraging Behaviour Change will be undertaken where appropriate in Sustainable Travel Strategy Summary – Smarter Choices targeted rural and urban areas across We will facilitate and encourage the use of the county to identify, assess, update or low and zero emission modes of transport 6PDUWHU&KRLFHVDUHWHFKQLTXHVXVHGWRLQÀXHQFHSHRSOH¶VWUDYHOEHKDYLRXUWRZDUGVPRUH remove outdated and unnecessary assets through promotion and education. sustainable travel options (such as walking, cycling, travelling by public transport and car including street lights, signs, and lines. $OWHUQDWLYHIXHOVDQGHOHFWULFK\EULGYHKLFOHV sharing). This in turn helps to reduce single occupancy car use and reduce congestion New technology such as in CO2 emission will be promoted as viable alternatives to particularly at peak times. reduction techniques and technologies will businesses and resident across the county. be adopted to manage the asset in the The Smarter Choices techniques that will be promoted and encouraged across the county to PRVWHIIHFWLYHDQGHI¿FLHQWPDQQHU Travel plans will be encouraged and enable behavioural change include: required through the planning system. 0RVWRIRXUÀHHWFXUUHQWO\PHHWVDPLQLPXP These will be actively encouraged to  ‡ 3HUVRQDOLVHGWUDYHOSODQQLQJ   of Euro 4. Over the course of this Plan we promote low emission modes of travel in  ‡ 3XEOLFWUDQVSRUWLQIRUPDWLRQDQGPDUNHWLQJ will continue to increase the proportion of schools, businesses and residential sites,  ‡ ,QFHQWLYHVFKHPHV our vehicles that are Euro 5 compliant. In DV ZHOO DV UHGXFLQJ WUDI¿F OHYHOV PRUH  ‡ 7UDYHODZDUHQHVVFDPSDLJQV addition, we will also implement Greener generally. Reducing the need to travel  ‡ :RUNSODFHWUDYHOSODQV Fleet policies. This includes using the altogether will be a focus for us. For  ‡ 6FKRROWUDYHOSODQV 0DVWHUQDXW VXLWH RI ÀHHW PRQLWRULQJ example, businesses will be encouraged  ‡ &DUFOXEV information to identify poor driver behaviour to adopt teleconferencing and remote  ‡ &DUVKDULQJVFKHPHV (wrong gear use and heavy braking) and working practices; whilst developments  ‡ 3RROELNHV retrain our drivers accordingly. will be encouraged to install super-fast  ‡ +RPHZRUNLQJUHPRWHZRUNLQJ broadband to enable home working. We  ‡ 7HOHFRQIHUHQFLQJ This same software also enables us to support partnership working with the BBF  ‡ +RPHVKRSSLQJ

Environment monitor the routes and mileage undertaken to ensure businesses are engaged on these Sustainable Chapter 5: by our vehicles and will assist us in making issues. Tackling congestion on the school run has long been a high priority for us and was a key RXU ÀHHW RSHUDWLRQV PRUH HI¿FLHQW  $V D part of our second Local Transport Plan. Since 2001 we have completed a number schemes result, we are able to identify the closest We acknowledge that it is important for

designed to widen travel choices that have helped to tackle congestion across the county. Chapter 5: Sustainable Environment maintenance gang to a works location to us to lead by example and therefore we We have reduced car use on home to school journeys from 44% in 2000 to 30.6% in 2010. reduce the mileage undertaken. Innovative will encourage sustainable travel options tools and equipment, such as the use of (including car sharing) amongst County The Sustainable Travel Strategy outlines the current situation with regards to school travel hot boxes on the back of our bitumen Council employees, through our own around the county and the existing infrastructure associated with this, and details the current carrying vehicles that prolongs the life of travel plan. As part of this the County work being carried out with regards to School Travel Planning in Buckinghamshire. Through the material so less is wasted will continue Council parking policies will be reviewed analysing the current situation, how pupils would prefer to travel to school and the barriers to be explored in the interests of reducing to encourage more sustainable travel by to encouraging sustainable travel, the document outlines the concluding actions for how carbon emissions and waste. employees. the Council endeavours to further meet the needs of Buckinghamshire’s pupils and promote sustainable travel on the school journey.

108 109 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Delivering Management and Tackling a valid purpose it will be decommissioned Our programmes will be managed in a environment in order to encourage safer Congestion WRJHQHUDWHHI¿FLHQF\DQGFDUERQVDYLQJV manner that is in the interest of maintaining driving behaviour and a better public realm. New technology and techniques where cost attractive urban and rural environments. This will particularly be the case with new We will review our work practices and effective will be utilised in our transport :H ZLOOVHHN WR LPSOHPHQW WUDI¿F FDOPLQJ GHYHORSPHQWVUHGHYHORSPHQWVEXWZHZLOO operations to assess where carbon savings operations and activities, to reduce energy techniques to improve safety, but also also work with local communities and other can be made. As part of this we will continue consumption and costs. improve the quality of life for residents in the groups to improve existing environments. to review the levels and operation of street area by reducing vehicle speeds and noise lighting (see case study) across the county, Through our management of the Client levels. It is essential that the most suitable An example of work undertaken to deliver to avoid unnecessary energy consumption Transport function targets will be set in order WRROV LQ RXU WUDI¿F FDOPLQJ SRUWIROLR DUH transport improvements in keeping with and carbon emissions. We will continue to to continue to reduce the overall mileage XVHGWRPDQDJHWUDI¿FVSHHGVLQWKHPRVW sensitive local environments is Burnham review changing technology in the street of vehicles delivering services for home appropriate manner. We support the use Beeches (see case study). Over the Plan lighting industry, so that new innovative to school transport and special education of home zones, the application of Manual period we will look to build on this experience, solutions can be applied to save costs and needs transport. They will also encourage for Streets 2 and other recommended and in other sensitive environmental areas carbon without compromising safety. WKHXVHRIPRUHIXHOHI¿FLHQWDQGJUHHQHU design guidance, and the delivery of look to enhance the natural environment vehicles, in the interests of reducing carbon innovative schemes to modify the highway and promote sustainable travel within it. Where infrastructure is no longer serving emissions from their operations.

Case Study: Streetlight switch off &DVH6WXG\%XUQKDP%HHFKHV7UDI¿F0DQDJHPHQW

The Challenge The Challenge Following the implementation of A355 Route Strategy, the City of London was concerned 7KHQHHGWRUHGXFHHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQFRVWVDQGFDUERQHPLVVLRQVZDVLGHQWL¿HGLQ WKDWWUDI¿FFDOPLQJPHDVXUHVPD\GLVSODFHWUDI¿FRQWKHURDGVQH[WWR%XUQKDP%HHFKHV against a backdrop of increasing energy costs that bore no resemblance to the levels of which is designated as SSSI and SAC under European habitat directives. This also provided usage. To achieve these aims and at the same time reduce light pollution an innovative trial us with the opportunity to promote strategic and sustainable exercise in our countryside, was developed to identify locations where street lights have historically been in place but

Environment whilst minimising environmental impacts on biodiversity. Sustainable Chapter 5: where their continued presence is not considered an essential requirement for road safety, community safety or accessibility purposes. The Solution

In 2005 the County Council, working with City of London and Natural England, agreed a Chapter 5: The Solution Sustainable Environment ¿YH\HDUSURJUDPPHWRPRQLWRUWUDI¿FÀRZDLUTXDOLW\DQGOLFKHQKHDOWKDURXQG%XUQKDP The three year trial commenced in 2007 and resulted in 1,627 street lights being switched off Beeches as part of a joint transport strategy. Data was collated and reviewed on an annual across 46 rural and semi-rural locations across the county. At these sites, enhanced or other basis, with all three partners agreeing the annual appropriate assessment report. WUDI¿FPDQDJHPHQWPHDVXUHVZHUHSURYLGHGWKDWFRPSHQVDWHIRUWKHODFNRIOLJKWLQJDQG ensure that road safety could be maintained. As the trial developed, extensive consultation The Outcome was undertaken to inform road users and residents about the need for and the rationale for This project has been an excellent example of partnership working to achieve a number of the trial. Conditions are being carefully monitored and an increased inspection regime is in positive outcomes for all parties and the public. The following actions have been implemented place to quickly identify any unforeseen issues that arise as a result. Regular meetings with to reduce the environmental impact of transport on Burnham Beeches: the police and independent safety audits have also helped to inform this monitoring. ‡,QWURGXFWLRQRIJDWHZD\VLJQVWRWKHVLWHKLJKOLJKWLQJWKDWWKH  VLWHLVDQDWLRQDOQDWXUH reserve. The Outcome ‡5DWLRQDOLVDWLRQRIGLUHFWLRQDOVLJQDJHWRHQVXUHYLVLWRUVDUULY  HDWWKHPDLQFDUSDUNRQ Although only part way through the trial, the aims of the trial have already been achieved. Lord Mayors drive. By switching of lights, energy and costs are being saved and fewer lights have resulted in ‡ 'HYHORSPHQWRIDWUDI¿FIUHHURXWHWKURXJKWKHVLWH UHGXFHGFDUERQHPLVVLRQVDQGOLJKWSROOXWLRQ7RGDWHWKHFROOLVLRQGDWDUHVXOWV GD\QLJKW  ‡,PSURYHPHQWVWRDOOWKHSXEOLFULJKWVRIZD\WKDWHQWHUHGWKHV  LWHLQFOXGLQJVXUIDFLQJ are showing a decline but it is still early in the trial and too early to determine the success signposting, and the removal and replacement of barriers, such as stiles, with new or otherwise. Early concerns raised by the police about the possible impact of the trial, disabled accessible gates. expressed as part of the original consultation, have not come to fruition and they have now ‡,QWURGXFWLRQRIWUDGLWLRQDO¿QJHUSRVWVLJQVZLWKEHVSRNH¿QLDOV  HPSKDVLVLQJ%XUQKDP FRQ¿UPHGWKDWWKHVHFRQFHUQVDUHQRORQJHUKHOG$GHFLVLRQRQZKHWKHUWKHWULDOLVGHHPHG Beeches. DVXFFHVVLVXQOLNHO\WREH¿QDOLVHGXQWLOHDUO\LQ ‡$  ORZHU VSHHG OLPLW UHGXFLQJ WKH VSHHG OLPLW IURP QDWLRQDO WR PSK DURXQG WKH periphery roads, to support more sustainable access. 110 111 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Through the application of the Freight RQ WKH VXUURXQG HQYLURQPHQWV  7UDI¿F To reduce our own carbon footprint, we environment in adapting to climate change, Strategy (see summary on page 117) management is important in addressing will embrace technology and innovation and in delivering new infrastructure and the transport network will continue to be WUDI¿F JHQHUDWHG QRLVH RXWOLQLQJ ZKHUH LW in our day to day operations where cost managing the network we will identify reviewed to manage the negative impacts can be decreased and regulated through effective to do so, and use low emission through development of our EIA how we can of transport on the local environment and FKDQJHV LQ WUDI¿F ÀRZV VSHHG UHGXFWLRQV methods of infrastructure development. do this. This could include better surface residents’ quality of life. The vision is in sensitive areas and the use of low noise When constructing infrastructure we will water drainage to improve resilience to for an integrated and sustainable freight surfacing where practical. endeavour to use materials with a low ÀRRGLQJ RU HQVXULQJ JUHHQ LQIUDVWUXFWXUH distribution system that supports economic carbon life cycle impact. we provide is adaptable to climate change. growth while limiting the environmental Supporting New Infrastructure down side of freight transport. The design of the county’s streets is Within our rural areas, particularly in the Effective walking and cycling networks will important in allowing for the movement of county’s AONB and conservation areas, The combination of the Freight Strategy, be supported to encourage the use of zero people and goods in our towns. In addition, new infrastructure should be delivered with reference to the Strategic Network emission modes of transport. This will it is essential that our streets are improved where possible in keeping with the area, +LHUDUFK\GH¿QHGLQWKHFRQJHVWLRQVWUDWHJ\ include both the public highway and ROW to promote place making, supporting with the intention of either enhancing the will inform the management of routing on network. liveability, town vitality and sustainability. If ORFDO HQYLURQPHQW DQGRU PLQLPLVLQJ WKH the network to avoid sensitive locations. new infrastructure is required we will support QHJDWLYH LPSDFWV  6SHFL¿FDOO\ UHJDUGLQJ 7KLVZLOOHQVXUHVWUDWHJLFWUDI¿FPRYHPHQWV We will continue to use low energy the delivery of an enhanced public realm, works in the AONB, but also in other rural use the most appropriate routes possible, technology for our streetlights, signs and as outlined in guidance such as Manual for areas, the 'Environmental Guidelines for and rat running is discouraged. WUDI¿F VLJQDOV DQG HQFRXUDJH VXSSOLHUV WR Streets 2. Innovative and creative public the Management of the Highways in the provide low carbon infrastructure including realm solutions will need to take account Chilterns' document will be adhered to. Noise Management and Flood Management electric vehicle charging points (see case RIFRQFHUQVRYHUVDIHW\WUDI¿FLPSDFWWKH Plans will be developed where necessary study). needs of people with impaired mobility and During the Plan period we will continue to mitigate the transport related impacts ongoing maintenance liabilities. to consider the implementation of green

Environment infrastructure where appropriate through Sustainable Chapter 5: Case Study: Plugged in Places When delivering any new transport the application of the County Council's schemes, we will attempt to design them Green Infrastructure Strategy. The delivery with sensitivity to the local environment, of green infrastructure is integral to us

The Challenge Chapter 5: Sustainable be this urban or more rural, and where achieving a truly sustainable transport Environment As the UK moves towards a low carbon economy, technology and new infrastructure need to possible deliver street scene improvements system, as it provides safer access routes be developed to achieve the overarching goal. In the near future we will see an increase of and green infrastructure as part of the for all, encourages modal shift, whilst the number of electric and electric-hybrid vehicles and these will require an electric vehicle scheme. The delivery of appropriate, high helping to address some of the key climate (EV) charging infrastructure. quality green infrastructure can provide change challenges. Throughout the SRVLWLYH EHQH¿WV WR ORFDO EXVLQHVVHV implementation of the Plan, we will ensure The Solution improved physical health from exercise we adhere to the best practice recently and relaxation, improved mental health published by Natural England (www. The Government’s “Plugged in Places” initiative has funded an EV charging network project through connection with the environment naturalengland.gov.uk) on consideration within Milton Keynes. In 2010 the project was extended to include a smaller number of DQG HQVXUH VRPH ÀRRG DOOHYLDWLRQ  1HZ for the natural environment within local charging points within Buckinghamshire. Working in partnership with our District Councils schemes being delivered will be subject to transport plans. and Chiltern Railways, a number of potential electric vehicle charging points sites have been an Environmental Impact Assessment. LGHQWL¿HGZLWKLQSXEOLFDQGVWDWLRQFDUSDUNV7KHVHDUHFXUUHQWO\EHLQJHYDOXDWHGDVWRWKHLU Given concerns over the county’s suitability and funding being sought for delivery. In addition, we are an active member of During the Plan period we will develop biodiversity it is imperative that when the Oxfordshire Electric Vehicle Consortium that will be preparing a future Plugged in Places WKLV (,$ WR DVVLVW LQ WKH LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ RI considering transport improvements that bid. positive enhancements to the environment involves land take or habitat destruction, such as green infrastructure provision, WKDW WKH SURWHFWLRQ RI ÀRUD DQG IDXQD LV The Outcome and biodiversity enhancements. Transport taken into account, and either avoided By increasing the availability of EV charging infrastructure within Buckinghamshire we will infrastructure can also assist the natural completely or mitigated against. ensure that the use of low emissions electric vehicles will be facilitated and encouraged. 112 113 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Partnership Working in place within and beyond the county’s boundaries to encourage take up of greener Case Study: Flood Management We will work with the county’s Planning vehicles by our residents. In addition, we Authorities to locate new developments in will encourage bus companies to use low The Challenge sustainable locations that encourage the emission vehicles through Bus Quality )ORRGGDPDJHFRVWVWKH8.RYHUDELOOLRQSRXQGVHYHU\\HDU'LVUXSWLRQFDXVHGE\ÀRRGLQJ use of low emission modes of transport Partnerships and in their provision of any DGYHUVHO\LPSDFWVWKHHFRQRP\DQGWKHTXDOLW\RIOLIHRISHRSOH,WLVIRUHFDVWWKDWÀRRGLQJ – walking, cycling and public transport. EXVVHUYLFHVZHVXSSRUW¿QDQFLDOO\ events will increase in number due to the impact of climate change. 'HYHORSPHQWV WKDW JHQHUDWH VLJQL¿FDQW travel demand should be located close Where necessary we will support charities The Solution to public transport hubs, with low trip and voluntary organisations to promote generators discouraged from such locations. sustainable modes such as Sustrans and :HKDYHWDNHQWKHOHDGLQDGGUHVVLQJÀRRGPDQDJHPHQWLVVXHVZLWKLQ%XFNLQJKDPVKLUH other sustainable mode organisations. We working together in partnership with local authority partners, water companies, internal We will also work with urban planners and will guide and facilitate local communities GUDLQDJHERDUGVDQGWKH(QYLURQPHQW$JHQF\$VWUDWHJLFÀRRGPDQDJHPHQWJURXSZDV developers to ensure new developments in prioritising and delivering local transport created in 2009 to meet new responsibilities outlined in the Floods and Water Management make sustainable modes attractive and service improvements in line with the Act (2010) and to co-ordinate joint working and provide strategic direction. In addition, the mode of choice for most journeys, as principles of Big Society, the County grant funding is being used to develop surface water management plans in Chesham and well as support an attractive public realm. Council's Green Infrastructure Strategy and High Wycombe and highway drainage assets are being mapped and drainage improvements Similarly we will look to work with partners the Rights of Way Improvement Plan. undertaken across the county. to improve the appearance of town centres and public spaces to help increase the We will liaise with relevant partners, The Outcome amount of sustainable travel used, and including the Local Planning Authorities, improve access and interchange between DEFRA, the Highways Agency and our By working effectively in partnership with key stakeholders, pooling resources and expertise, such modes. As part of this we will consider rail partners to develop and support the ZHDUHDFWLYHO\UHGXFLQJWKHULVNRIÀRRGLQJ.H\WRRXUDSSURDFKLVWKHLQYROYHPHQWRIORFDO communities and members to provide historical knowledge and community involvement. A

Environment latest best practice and design guidance, implementation of Noise Action Plans to Sustainable Chapter 5: such as that detailed in Manual for Streets reduce the impact of noise created from strong base has been created from which to move forward and meet new duties relating to 2, to support the delivery of design solutions the transport network, such as those ÀRRGULVNPDQDJHPHQWPLWLJDWLRQDQGUHVLOLHQFHZLWKLQ%XFNLQJKDPVKLUHGXULQJWKHFRXUVH that are in keeping with the location and experienced on the M40. of this Plan. Chapter 5: Sustainable cater suitable for the needs of all users. Environment We will also use the Green Infrastructure As the lead Local Flood Authority we will We will work in partnership with Currently approximately 80% of premises strategy and ROWIP to further inform work with partners to effectively manage organisations within the Bucks Strategic in the county have access to ‘suitable’ urban design and provision for sustainable ÀRRG ULVN DFURVV WKH FRXQW\ DQG GHYHORS Partnership to support joint carbon reduction broadband speeds (in excess of 2mb). The modes of travel. and implement appropriate strategies and initiatives and work with public transport Department for Business, Innovation and action plans. providers to reduce bus and rail carbon Skills has made the commitment to ensure Working towards the objective of reducing emissions. It is important that we continue there is 100% coverage by 2015. This carbon emissions, we will support efforts to to liaise with rail and bus operators to ZLOOVLJQL¿FDQWO\HQKDQFHWKHSRVVLELOLW\IRU increase the proportion of cleaner vehicles improve the journey experience. This may home-working, as well as providing a ‘last and sustainable fuel use on our roads. We include measures that improve the access resort’ option for enhancing accessibility to will work with electricity providers, the car and quality of public transport information, shops and services. Figure 5.8 shows that industry and the local planning authorities better ticketing options, synchronised VLJQL¿FDQW DUHDV RI WKH FRXQW\ FXUUHQWO\ to develop a network of electric charging timetabling, and improvements to vehicle receive no or slow broadband coverage. SRLQWVDQGVXVWDLQDEOHORZHPLVVLRQIXHO quality and emissions. infrastructure for vehicles. A key driver that will help reduce travel We will work with neighbouring authorities (particularly travel to work) is the WR LPSURYH SURYLVLRQ IRU HOHFWULFORZ expansion of broadband across the county. emission fuel vehicles, so infrastructure is

114 115 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

We will work in partnership with BBF to ZLOO VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ERRVW WKH SRWHQWLDO IRU help prioritise Buckinghamshire as a county sustainable business growth, including the worthy of prioritising broadband coverage expansion of teleconferencing and home extension with central Government; we will working opportunities. then help prioritise which areas get coverage ¿UVW LQ RUGHU WR DGGUHVV DFFHVVLELOLW\ WULS We will support and enhance our reduction and business growth objectives. partnership working with freight companies to ensure the economical movement of In addition to widening the coverage goods within the county whilst minimising of broadband in Buckinghamshire, BT the negative impact on local communities Openreach are undertaking private and environments, as part of our Freight investment to install ‘Super-fast’ Broadband Strategy (see summary). An important in and around main urban areas, including aspect of the Freight Strategy will be close Aylesbury, High Wycombe, areas working with the Highways Agency. During surrounding Milton Keynes, Amersham and the last plan this assisted in tackling some of &KHVKDP %HDFRQV¿HOG *HUUDUGV &URVV the freight problems being experienced on and Chalfont St Peter and Burnham. The the A355 (see Motorway Box case study). target date is 2013 and when delivered

Freight Strategy Summary

The Freight Strategy encourages an integrated approach that supports the county’s economic Environment Sustainable Chapter 5: growth whilst trying to limit the environmental impacts of freight transport. The strategy does this through 15 freight policies that outlines the County Council’s position on freight DQGFODUL¿HVWKHWRROVDYDLODEOH Chapter 5: Sustainable Environment To summarise we will: ‡&RQWLQXHWRFRQVLGHUZHLJKWDQGZLGWKUHVWULFWLRQVDQGLPSURYHG  VLJQDJHWRPDQDJH freight. ‡ )DFLOLWDWHDQGVXSSRUWWKHVHWWLQJXSRI)UHLJKW4XDOLW\3DUWQHUVKLSV ‡:RUN  ZLWK VDW QDY FRPSDQLHV IUHLJKW RSHUDWRUV 'LVWULFW &RXQFLOV 3DULVK &RXQFLOV and local communities to restrict HGV movements and make them work in more sustainable ways at a local level. ‡:RUNZLWKWKH'I7WKH+LJKZD\V$JHQF\DQGORFDOSODQQLQJDXWK  RULWLHVWRPDQJH freight licensing, routing and operation at a strategic level. Fig 5.8: 1R6ORZ%URDGEDQGFRYHUDJHLQ%XFNLQJKDPVKLUH %&& ‡:RUN  ZLWK QHLJKERXULQJ WUDQVSRUW DXWKRULWLHV DQG UHJLRQDO IUHLJKW SDUWQHUVKLSV WR ensure our approaches are complementary.

Many of the challenges presented by freight movements in Buckinghamshire are best resolved at a local level. As such the Freight Strategy will be applied through close working with local communities, to agree on solutions that can be delivered with partners through the Implementation Plan.

116 117 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Chapter 6: Safe Communities Case Study: Motorway Box / A355 Route Strategy Buckinghamshire is generally a very safe place to live and work. However many people are The Challenge affected by road safety, crime and anti-social behaviour issues. Many more people are affected by the perceived road safety, personal safety and security concerns. Local residents and members had complained at the large numbers of HGVs using the A355 south of the M40 in the villages of Farnham Common and Farnham Royal. The A355 south of the M40 is not a primary route, and is not suitable for carrying large numbers of strategic Introduction QRWMXVWL¿HGE\DQ\HYLGHQFHDUHDOVR +*9WUDI¿F addressed as these fears can discourage People are entitled to feel safe when people from travelling by certain modes The Solution using the transport network. This at certain times, and therefore impact applies both when using the public on our quality of life. We worked with local members, residents and interest groups on the formulation of an A355 highway on roads and footways, but 5RXWH6WUDWHJ\3DUWRIWKLVZRUNLGHQWL¿HGWKDWDODUJHSURSRUWLRQRIWKH+*9WUDI¿FXVLQJ also when using the rail and bus network National Context the A355 were using it to access the Slough Trading Estate to and from the M40. As part of and other private transport operators, WKHVWUDWHJ\ZHZRUNHGZLWKWKH+LJKZD\V$JHQF\WRLQÀXHQFHWKHVLJQDJHRQWKH0RWRUZD\ as well as when frequenting transport British roads are among the safest in the Box network which encircles the A355, comprising the M40, M25, M4 and A404. Discussions interchanges and waiting areas. world. The country is consistently in a regarding signage have continued with the HA throughout their improvements to Handy JURXSRI¿YHWRSSHUIRUPLQJQDWLRQVZLWK Cross, Junction 4, of the M40, and the construction of the service station at Junction 2, to It is important that perceived safety and the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and HQVXUH+*9WUDI¿FLVGLUHFWHGRQWRWKLVPRWRUZD\QHWZRUNWRDFFHVV6ORXJKUDWKHUWKDQWKH security fears, even when the risks are Switzerland (Figure 6.1). A355.

The Outcome

The results to date have been very encouraging, in terms of the reduction in HGVs using the Environment Sustainable Chapter 5: $%HWZHHQDQGGDLO\+*9QXPEHUVIHOOE\$OOWUDI¿FOHYHOVRQWKHURDG fell by eight percent, so the reduction in HGVs appear not to be solely the V\PSWRPDWLF UHVXOW RI WKH RYHUDOO WUDI¿F reduction arising from the changing economic climate. HGV levels on the A355 does not appear to have been overly affected by the recent opening of the M40 service station at Junction 2. Chapter 6: Safe Communities Safe Partnership work is ongoing with the Highways Agency to progress a scheme to tackle congestion at the Bisham A404 junction that currently undermines the A355 Route Strategy. Fig 6.1: International comparison of fatality rate per 100,000 population, 2007 (Source: A Safer Way, DfT, 2009)

We will also work closely with the County Council’s Waste Service on the delivery of the Minerals and Waste Core Strategy, and seek to reduce the impact of this strategy and its associated freight movements on the transport network.

118 119 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Despite fairing well in international have yet to outline any revised road safety County Challenges comparisons, there remains a road safety targets, but new guidance is expected in problem within the UK. Nationally around early 2011 and we will provide an update in Road Safety 3,000 people die each year on the country’s the relevant annual Implementation Plan. roads, and in 2007 there were 28,000 serious Actual and perceived levels of road safety There were 1,367 personal injury collisions injuries. The overall social and economic National evidence highlights that since remain a problem within the county. The in Buckinghamshire in 2009, resulting cost of road collisions has been estimated the late 1990s the number of fatalities on FRQVHTXHQFHVRIURDGWUDI¿FFROOLVLRQVFDQ in 23 people being killed and 219 others at £19 billion each year. In 'A Safer Way' the highway network has fallen at a much VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LPSDFW RQ ORFDO FRPPXQLWLHV seriously injured, giving an overall Killed (2009) the previous Government proposed slower rate than the numbers of people and apart from the human suffering can RU 6HULRXVO\ ,QMXUHG .6,  ¿JXUH RI  ambitious road safety targets that aimed to who experience serious injuries (Fig 6.2). ultimately cause network disruption that Provisional data for 2010 indicate this reduce road deaths and serious injuries by a Among children the rates have fallen at a impact on the local economy. Speeding ¿JXUHKDVIDOOHQWRLQ)LJXUH third by 2020, and the rate among children, similar rate. The DfT have concluded that vehicles and inconsiderate driving behaviour illustrates how the KSI rate in the county pedestrians and cyclists by half over the ZRUVHQLQJGULYHUULGHUEHKDYLRXULVDIDFWRU has an impact on perceived and actual has steadily declined over the past decade. same period. The coalition Government in this divergence. levels of road safety that can discourage In addition, it highlights that the KSI rate people from walking and cycling, especially over the second plan period has generally where there is no footway provision. been lower than the target set.

Number of killed and seriously injured casualties in road traffic collisions - All KSI

500 440 427 On track 450 413 391 397 402 Off track 393 400 Performance

350 324 326 291 300 242 250 220 221

200

150 1994-98 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 av Safe Communities Fig 6.2: Indexed casualties by severity: GB, 1990-2007 (Source: A Safer Way, DfT, 2009) Fig 6.3: KSI rate in Buckinghamshire (BCC) Chapter 6:

$ 6DIHU :D\ LGHQWL¿HG WKH IROORZLQJ NH\ As well as being undermined by actual and Community Safety challenges for its new road safety strategy: perceived levels of road safety, personal Chapter 6: High Wycombe and Chesham and some ‡$FKLHYLQJ IDVWHU SURJUHVV LQ UHGXFLQJ safety on the transport network can also be Communities Safe The county’s overall crime rate is lower than smaller towns and villages in South Bucks the number of deaths; undermined by the level and fear of crime. the national average. Between April 2009 suffering relatively high crime rates, whilst ‡3HGHVWULDQ DQG F\FOLVW FDVXDOWLHV LQ ,Q  WKH +RPH 2I¿FH VWDWHG WKDW and March 2010 there were 34,235 crimes the remainder of the county falls within the our towns and cities – particularly there was an average of 85.4 crimes per UHSRUWHGLQWKHFRXQW\7KLVLVVLJQL¿FDQWO\ lowest percentage of crime in the country. in deprived communities; protecting 1000 population in England. There are no ORZHUWKDQZKDWZDVUHSRUWHGLQ children and young people; ¿JXUHVDYDLODEOHDVWROHYHOVRIFULPHRQWKH Even though the rate of crime has been ‡3URWHFWLQJPRWRUF\FOLVWV transport network. Figure 6.4 show the Crime Domain decreasing across the county for many ‡5RDGVDIHW\RQUXUDOURDGV deprivation indicator that measures the years, our residents have consistently ‡*HRJUDSKLFDOYDULDWLRQLQSHUIRUPDQFH The British Transport Police record crimes rate of recorded crime for four major crime ranked crime, the fear of crime and anti- ‡3RRU URDG XVHU EHKDYLRXU DPRQJVW D and the anti-social behaviour reported on types of burglary, theft, criminal damage social behaviour as the most important few; and WKHUDLOQHWZRUN,QWKHQXPEHU and violence. The county is split in terms issues for them and their quality of life. ‡,OOHJDODQGLQDSSURSULDWHVSHHG of criminal offences recorded on the rail of crime with the large towns Aylesbury, network totalled 96,346, representing a drop of around nine percent on the year 120 before. 121 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

highest casualty group. more active travel being promoted in ‡ 7KHUH LV DQ LQFUHDVHG OLNHOLKRRG RI WKHFRXQW\WKLVLVOLNHO\WRLQÀXHQFH collisions among young drivers aged .6, ¿JXUHV DQG ZLOO QHHG WR EH 17-24. monitored. ‡'ULYHUVDQGSDVVHQJHUVZKRFKRRVH  ‡(OGHUO\GULYHUVDUHPRUHOLNHO\WREH  not to wear a seatbelt is still a killed or seriously injured when they VLJQL¿FDQW SUREOHP UHVXOWLQJ LQ are involved in a collision. more serious injury when involved ‡'ULQN  DQG GUXJ GULYLQJ ODFN RI in a collision. concentration, speed, driving tired ‡1DWLRQDO  HYLGHQFH 'I7   and using a mobile phone while suggests that although the number driving continue to be areas where of pedal cyclists KSIs have risen since IXUWKHUHIIRUWLVQHHGHGWRLQÀXHQFH 2004, the KSI rate per mile travelled driver behaviour. As well as among KDVQRWFKDQJHGVLJQL¿FDQWO\:LWK people who drive a part of their job.

Fig 6.5: Buckinghamshire Road KSIs (1999-2009)

Safe Communities Fig 6.4: Crime domain measure of deprivation in Buckinghamshire by lower level super output Crime and Antisocial behaviour on following year. Generally, crime levels on Chapter 6: area for 2007 (source: DCLG) transport network trains are extremely low, and therefore any Key Transport Issues past decade by both ourselves and the slight change in the number of instances Highways Agency, there is still considerable Vehicle crime in Buckinghamshire is lower UHSRUWHGDWHDFKVWDWLRQFRXOGVLJQL¿FDQWO\ Chapter 6: 5RDG 7UDI¿F &ROOLVLRQV  .LOOHG DQG scope for improvement. There remains an than the national average. However there change the overall crime rate. Safe Communities Safe Seriously Injured People (KSI) unacceptable number of injuries caused by is more vehicle crime in certain parts of the URDGWUDI¿FFROOLVLRQV county, with South Bucks having recorded Most perceived safety issues are As outlined in Figure 6.5, for the last 10 the highest average crime rate, followed experienced by walkers and cyclists and years the number of KSIs has declined. The following factors are important by Wycombe, Chiltern and Aylesbury Vale travellers waiting at bus and rail stops and The reduction has not been continuous, considerations in our revised road safety districts. VWDWLRQV3RRURULQVXI¿FLHQWVWUHHWOLJKWLQJLV most notably in 2007 when a single incident strategy: often cited as key factor behind individuals’ on the Motorway network created a spike ‡0RWRUF\FOLVWV  UHSUHVHQW  RI DOO The number of crimes experienced within perception of security issues. In addition, in an otherwise largely downward trend. killed and seriously injured (12% Buckinghamshire, on train journeys LQDSSURSULDWHWUDI¿FVSHHGVDQGDQWLVRFLDO On average, the roads that the Highway of all deaths) on the county’s roads has shown a decrease in recent years. driving behaviour, particularly in residential Agency are responsible for account for but only represent four and a half Smaller stations like Monks Risborough areas is also a contributory factor to around 10-15% of KSIs in the county every percent of road users. experienced the greatest rate of crime perceived safety. year. Despite the progress made over the ‡&DU  RFFXSDQWV FRQWLQXH WR EH WKH LQ  KRZHYHU OHYHOV IHOO WR QLO WKH

122 123 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Transport Objectives Over the Plan period we will continue to will be undertaken in conjunction with the review and develop a Winter Maintenance enhanced public realm and improvements Strategy. This strategy and associated to pedestrian areas aimed at improving Objective: Reduce the risk of death or injury on the county’s highways interventions will help to ensure that perceived safety. In addition, we will DGH¿QHGSDUWRIWKHKLJKZD\QHWZRUN continue to work with schools across the Summary: Through infrastructure improvements, road user training, promotion and continues to function during times of county to facilitate road safety education HGXFDWLRQUHGXFHWKHQXPEHURIIDWDOLWLHVDQGVHULRXVLQMXULHVFDXVHGE\URDGWUDI¿F disruption caused by snow and ice. The and training. collisions, and reduce the risk of exposure to dangerous highway defects. strategy also outlines how we should treat town centre footways and cycleways, We will use innovative market analysis Aim: The number of fatalities and serious injuries caused by road collisions is reduced so however, they are a lower priority than tools including our database of casualties WKDWWKH&RXQW\&RXQFLOLVLQWKHWRSTXDUWLOHRIUHGXFHGGHDWKVFDVXDOWLHVLQWKHUHJLRQ WUHDWLQJ LGHQWL¿HG PDLQ URDGV  7KHUHIRUH and collisions to identify those people and our highways are maintained to a safe standard. we will work with partners, communities most at risk of being involved in a road and the wider general public to improve WUDI¿F FROOLVLRQ DQG WDUJHW LQWHUYHQWLRQV How We Will Measure Success how we together proactively respond to appropriately ‡3HRSOHNLOOHGRUVHULRXVO\LQMXUHGLQURDGWUDI¿FFROOLVLRQV footway and cycleway treatments in cold ‡&KLOGUHQNLOOHGRUVHULRXVO\LQMXUHGLQURDGWUDI¿FFROOLVLRQV weather. Greater levels of walking and cycling should ‡Response rate to dangerous highway defects naturally increase the levels of surveillance The reactive maintenance of street lighting on footways, cycleways and the public to agreed timescales will be continued, in rights of way network that will consequently the interests of safety, with consideration have a positive contribution to feelings of Objective: Reduce crime, fear of crime and anti-social behaviour on the transport given to the development of our proactive security on the transport network. Subway network maintenance programme where funding mural projects have proved to be effective allows. We will continue to work towards in reducing vandalism and security issues Summary: Improve user perceptions of personal security while using public transport, ¿QGLQJ D EDODQFH EHWZHHQ WKH QHHG WR in problem subways, and we will consider walking or cycling, particularly at transport interchanges and connections. provide an appropriate level of lighting supporting more in the future. By engaging across the network together with working local youth organisations, it has encouraged How We Will Measure Success to reduce our energy consumption and them to take ownership of the subway and Satisfaction survey question on feelings of personal safety on the transport network carbon emissions. JUDI¿WLLQVWDQFHVKDYHPDUNHGO\UHGXFHG Safe Communities

Chapter 6: Encouraging Behaviour Change Delivering Management and Tackling that vegetation does not block sight lines Our Approach Congestion RIRQFRPLQJWUDI¿F2QWKHULJKWVRIZD\ Driver behaviour remains the fundamental The following section summarises our network we will treat problems with safety

cause of road safety problems. Driver We will consider the application of Chapter 6: approach to addressing challenges linked implications as a high priority and will

education and awareness campaigns are 20mph zones in towns and villages where Communities Safe to achieving Safe Communities under the continue to respond within 5 working days. ¿YHEURDGDFWLYLWLHV important in improving driver behaviour, appropriate, as these could increase and highlighting to drivers that they must SHGHVWULDQ PRYHPHQWV DV ORZHU WUDI¿F Popular walking and cycling routes will take more account of other drivers and VSHHGVDUHOLNHO\WRLQÀXHQFHOHYHOVRIDFWXDO Delivering Maintenance be prioritised, informed by the network particularly more vulnerable road users, or perceived road safety. Any reallocation hierarchy, to facilitate safe travel by these typically pedestrians and cyclists, but in a of road space, intended to give greater It is essential that we implement an effective modes and to encourage active travel. rural county there are also equestrians to priority to pedestrians and cyclists will be reactive maintenance management regime In addition, we will seek to prioritise the be mindful of. assessed through the safety audit process to ensure that emergency repairs are maintenance of other well used walking and to ensure that it does not adversely impact undertaken in a timely fashion to reduce the cycling highway infrastructure to a similarly We will use data to inform targeted on overall road safety. public’s exposure to potentially dangerous high standard such as subways and cycle education, training and promotional road footpaths and road defects. Visibility at parking facilities in the interests of security. road junctions needs to be maintained, so safety initiatives, along with supporting We will re-assess our speed management national casualty reduction campaigns. This strategy as part of the Road Safety Strategy

124 125 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

once the countywide speed limit review is infrastructure solutions within their own Partnership Working complete. The speed management strategy local area. Engineering solutions will will include the provision for the application be used where deemed appropriate at We will work with partners such as the safety strategy and help reduce crime and of 20 mph speed limits and zones where LGHQWL¿HGVLWHVDQGRQURXWHVWKDWKDYHWKH Thames Valley Police, the Health Service, the fear of crime. We will also support and appropriate. Speed enforcement is greatest collision rates. Community Safety Partnerships, schools, facilitate local communities in prioritising undertaken by Thames Valley Police (TVP) Bucks Fire and Rescue Service and driving and delivering local transport safety and we will continue to work closely with The need for appropriate street lighting instructors to support our overall road improvements. them on their enforcement strategy to will be assessed, installed and maintained improve driver behaviour and compliance where necessary to address security and ZLWKWUDI¿FODZV safety concerns. Case study: Be a Better Biker

Supporting New Infrastructure Where possible we will encourage and The Challenge support the provision of cycle infrastructure We will continue to investigate the use of including advanced stop lines cycle paths The very nature of motorcycling and the mindset of some riders expose them to extreme innovative infrastructure and technology and dedicated lanes. In addition, we dangers on the road. As such, motorcyclists are overrepresented in crash statistics to create safer roads, including speed will support local communities with the throughout the UK and in Buckinghamshire. Motorcyclists make up only one percent of the management infrastructure, road surfacing implementation of secure cycle parking motoring population but account for a disproportionate number of serious injury and fatal materials, safety cameras and Vehicle across the county where appropriate to URDGWUDI¿FFDVXDOWLHV,QPRWRUF\FOLVWVZHUHNLOOHGRUVHULRXVO\LQMXUHG .6, RQ Activated Signs. We will support and reduce levels of theft, and encourage travel our roads (26% of total killed and serious injuries that year). Research showed that males in facilitate local communities to fund local by this mode. their thirties or older, riding high powered sports bikes made up a large proportion of those involved in incidents.

Road Safety Strategy Summary The Solution A campaign strategy was developed that encourages riders to become more responsive The Road Safety Strategy will look to undertake the following: WRWKHULVNVWKH\IDFHE\DWWHQGLQJDRQHGD\DVVHVVPHQWGD\4XDOL¿HGDVVHVVRUVIURP a local, accredited motorcycle training service provider were commissioned. Be a Better ‡:RUNZLWKSDUWQHUVWRUHGXFHWKHQXPEHURINLOOHGDQGVHULRXVO\LQMXUHGSHRSOH Biker assessment days consist of a morning classroom theory session, followed by an on Buckinghamshire’s roads. afternoon ride to practice topics taught in the morning such as overtaking, cornering and Safe Communities observational techniques. The training takes place on the roads in the county where the Chapter 6: ‡5HYLHZVSHHGOLPLWVDQGZRUNLQSDUWQHUVKLSZLWK7KDPHV9DOOH\3ROLFHRQWKH highest numbers of motorcycle collisions have HQIRUFHPHQWRIVSHHGOLPLWVDQGWUDI¿FODZV historically occurred.

 ‡ ,QYHVWLJDWHWKHFDXVHVRIFROOLVLRQVLQRUGHUWRUHGXFHFDVXDOWLHV The Outcome Chapter 6:

Communities Safe  ‡ ,GHQWLI\VLWHVDQGURXWHVIRUWKHSRWHQWLDOGHYHORSPHQWRIVDIHW\VFKHPHV Over 500 motorcyclists have attended and EHQH¿WHGIURPD%HD%HWWHU%LNHUDVVHVVPHQW  ‡ &DUU\RXWURDGVDIHW\DXGLWVRQH[LVWLQJRUSURSRVHGURDGVFKHPHV GD\0RWRUF\FOH.6,¿JXUHVWKDWSHDNHGLQ 2003 have been reduced, and the initiative  ‡ ,QÀXHQFHURDGXVHUVWKURXJKHGXFDWLRQWUDLQLQJDQGSURPRWLRQ has been shortlisted for two awards (Highways Excellence Award and National Transport Award). From 2011 the scheme will be “rolled out” across the Thames Valley endorsed and supported by the Thames Valley Police. This will assist in reducing motorcycle KSIs through cross-border working.

126 127 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Working with local planning authorities We will support rail and bus operators to we will seek to ensure that the urban and improve levels of actual and perceived &DVHVWXG\7UDI¿F6SHHGVLQ)RUG9LOODJH rural environment supports safer roads for safety on their services and at stops and all users. Environmental conditions can interchanges. We will continue to work with The Challenge impact on crime and the fear of crime. Network Rail on a national project to reduce 7KHUHVLGHQWVRI)RUGYLOODJHZHUHFRQFHUQHGDWWKHVSHHGRIWUDI¿FWKURXJKWKHLUYLOODJHDQG Therefore, wherever possible we will risk of incursion of vehicles onto railways at frustrated that we were unable to prioritise spending to alleviate this problem. encourage appropriate urban design that high risk sites in Buckinghamshire. creates active streets. Active streets lead The Solution to increased levels of natural surveillance In line with the principles of Big Society, so that crime is ‘designed out’ in residential, we will support LAFs in prioritising and A small group of people formed the Ford Village Society (FVS) and persuaded the Parish business and town centre developments. delivering transport services that can Council to allow the group to act on their behalf to identify a solution to their problem. improve their roads and footways, and :LWKORFDOPHPEHUVXSSRUWWKH\ZRUNHGFORVHO\ZLWKRXU$UHD7UDI¿F0DQDJHPHQW7HDP improve driver behaviour in their area. the Police and Parish Council to plan a way forward. After spending time researching WKH SUREOHP DQG FRQVLGHULQJ D YDULHW\ RI WUDI¿F Case study: Community Speed Watch calming measures, they received our approval to undertake a two year pilot study of a Mobile The Challenge Vehicle Activated Sign (MVAS).

Vehicles being driven too fast are a major factor in preventing people from enjoying the In order to achieve maximum speed reduction environment they have chosen to live in. Excess vehicle speed also contributes to the HI¿FLHQF\IURPWKH9$6WKHJURXSZDQWHGWRXVH VHYHULW\RIDQ\URDGWUDI¿FFROOLVLRQ it at various locations throughout the village so that speeding drivers did not become complacent The Solution at seeing the same sign at the same location each day. To avoid the problem of semi-redundant &RPPXQLW\6SHHG:DWFKLVDWUDI¿FPRQLWRULQJVFKHPHWKDWLVFRRUGLQDWHGE\WKH3ROLFH posts cluttering the village, groundscrews (post and ourselves but managed and run by community volunteers. Volunteers are trained to anchoring screws) were drilled into the ground at locations that had been risk assessed and use a speed detection device to monitor the speeds of vehicles travelling through their local agreed with ourselves. area. The registration number of speeding vehicles is recorded and warning letters are then sent out to offenders by the Police to the registered keepers stating that their vehicle has

Safe Communities After procuring the equipment necessary to undertake this scheme, promoting their project been reported as speeding.

Chapter 6: and recruiting more volunteers to assist, the group began carrying out risk assessments and operational training sessions. They then commenced the fortnightly installation of the VAS The Outcome throughout the village.

A number of Parish Councils and local Chapter 6:

community groups actively operating The Outcome Communities Safe Speed Watch across Buckinghamshire has The scheme was funded by the LAF and is proving to be a relatively low cost opportunity LQFUHDVHGVLJQL¿FDQWO\RYHUUHFHQW\HDUV7KH to raise driver awareness to the speed limit. The group continue to work closely with the effectiveness of Community Speed Watch is Thames Valley Police who carry out regular enforcement to support the work being done by as much a result of having a visible physical the residents. presence by the side of the road with a speed detection device and an information sign, The success (to date) of this pilot is partially a result of good research, planning and delivery as it is a result of sending warning letters to but also reliant on a dedicated group of volunteers having the right sort of skills and working motorists caught speeding. together as a community to 'help themselves'.

128 129 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Chapter 7: Health and Wellbeing of journeys are health-related, and set life expectancy (the years in good or fairly a number of targets to ensure that all good self-perceived general health) and Buckinghamshire’s residents are generally healthier than the rest of the UK, enjoying a higher NHS organisations have a ‘sustainability’ years free from disability and limiting standard of living. However, there are some health inequalities. Transport can impact on the champion on their board, adopt a travel longstanding illness are well above the health and wellbeing of residents, by supporting people in making healthier lifestyle choices national average in all of our districts. plan, and implement strategies for and reducing the challenges that impact on people’s quality of life. Thirteen per cent of people in the county achieving progressive reductions in carbon are reported to have limiting long-term emissions. illnesses compared to the UK average of lifestyles. Obese children have a two-fold 18%. Introduction County Challenges increase in the risk of becoming overweight Fig 7.1 shows how in every district the Key issues that have an impact on levels of DGXOWV2EHVLW\VLJQL¿FDQWO\LQFUHDVHVWKH Health Impacts of an Ageing proportion of both younger people and Health and Wellbeing in the county beyond chances of ill health among both adults and Population those between 19 and 64 is expected to naturally occurring illnesses and accidents children. reduce between 2010 and 2026. This include our ageing population, increased The health of the county’s population is ageing population will be felt to a lesser levels of obesity and exposure to harmful Obesity is caused by two main factors - generally better than the rest of the country, degree in Wycombe district, than in the substances in our environment. an unhealthy diet (not balanced or due with residents enjoying a higher standard other three districts. to excessive consumption) and not doing of living. Life expectancies for men and National Context enough exercise to burn off the calories women are above the national average, at consumed. Compared to other European 79.1 and 82.7 years respectively. ‘Healthy The country’s population is ageing. Over countries England has some of the lowest the last 25 years the percentage of the rates of walking and cycling. population aged 65 and over increased from 60 15% in 1984 to 16% in 2009, an increase of Emissions in the environment, such as 1.7 million people. Over the same period, airborne pollutants can have an adverse 50 the percentage of the population aged impact on people’s Health and Wellbeing. under 16 decreased from 21% to 19%. There are a number of Government policies 40 This trend is projected to continue and by and legislation to manage and monitor 0-19yrs in 2010 2034, 23% of the population is projected to these emissions, many linked to European % 30 0-19yrs in 2026 be aged 65 and over. Union commitments and targets. 20-64yrs in 2010 20 20-64yrs in 2026 One of the main consequences of an ageing The South East England Health Strategy \UVLQ population is an increase in the resource was written with the aim to ensure that the 10 \UVLQ and support needed to care for the Health South East becomes the healthiest region and Wellbeing of the elderly population. WROLYHLQ7KHVWUDWHJ\LGHQWL¿HVWKDWWKH 0 region has the third highest road transport Aylesbury Chiltern South Wycombe Health & Wellbeing This is a key challenge facing the country over the foreseeable future. per capita carbon dioxide emissions in Vale Bucks Chapter 7: England. People in the south east make District The country’s rate of obesity is rising rapidly. the lowest number of trips on foot and the second highest number of trips by car in

About 46% of men in England and 32% of Chapter 7: Fig 7.1: 'LVWULFWDJHSUR¿OHFKDQJHV %&& women are overweight and an additional the country; hence obesity and related Health & Wellbeing 17% of men and 21% of women are classed LVVXHVDUHDVLJQL¿FDQWLVVXHSDUWLFXODUO\LQ as clinically obese. Childhood obesity has deprived areas. One of the strategy’s key also risen sharply in the UK over the past 25 objectives is therefore, to increase levels of years, with approximately 27% of children physical activity both during working hours now overweight. Many overweight children and on the journey to work. have overweight parents due to family The strategy notes that some ten percent

130 131 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

This ageing of the population will result exacerbated by a lack of physical activity. Harmful Emissions Health Inequalities in greater numbers of age related illness Almost half the county’s population does and health problems. Ultimately it will also not take part in regular physical activity Poor air quality levels can lead to health Health inequalities exist across the county. result in changing demands for services, (participation in sport or active recreation problems, particularly respiratory problems Fig 7.2 demonstrates that there are a including transport services. of at least 30 minutes in a calendar month). such as asthma, with children and the elderly number of areas that suffer from poorer As a result, only one in eight adults in the particularly vulnerable. Buckinghamshire levels of health, and higher instances of Obesity and unhealthy lifestyles FRXQW\ DUH FODVVL¿HG DV SK\VLFDOO\ DFWLYH has relatively few residents within Air early mortality and disability compared with (Table 7.1). 4XDOLW\ 0DQDJHPHQW $UHDV UHÀHFWLQJ WKH the county average. None of the county The greatest causes of death in the county fact that it is predominantly a rural county is within the worst ten percent compared are cardiovascular diseases and cancer that People who are physically active reduce with low population density. to the rest of the country; however there accounted for 35% and 28% of deaths in their risk of developing major chronic are six areas that are within the lowest 2004-06 respectively. Instances of these diseases, including coronary heart disease, 30%. These areas can be found in parts diseases are linked to unhealthy lifestyles. strokes and type 2 diabetes by up to 50%. of southern Aylesbury, west High Wycombe 20% of adults and six percent of children In addition, this can reduce the risk of and Chalfont St Peter. in the county are considered to be obese premature death by around 20–30%. (Table 7.1). Aylesbury Vale experiences higher rates of adult obesity, with South In addition, a physically active lifestyle Bucks experiencing much higher rates of can maintain independence and health, child obesity. These obesity levels are on especially in our ageing population. It the increase across the county, particularly can also help to promote social interaction amongst children and young people. and improve social well being and people’s quality of life. The problems associated with obesity are

Indicator English English Bucks CDC SBDC AVDC WDC Average Best Physically Active Children 85.7 99.2 87.6 85.7 91.1 88.7 86.3 Obese Children 9.9 4.9 6.6 6.8 11.4 5.6 5.7 Physically Active Adults 11.6 17.2 13.4 14.0 12.4 13.9 12.9 Obese Adults 23.6 11.9 20.4 17.9 18.7 22.2 20.9 Under-15s 'not in good 11.6 6.4 8.5 7.0 6.5 9.5 9.1 health'

Health & Wellbeing New Cases of Tuberculosis 15.0 0.0 7.0 4.0 7.0 5.0 12.0

Chapter 7: Hip Fracture in over-65s 479.8 219.0 492.7 503.8 503.2 471.8 500.0 Life Expectancy – Male 77.3 83.1 79.1 79.4 79.7 78.4 79.2 Life Expectancy – Female 81.6 87.2 82.7 83.4 82.5 81.8 83.4

(DUO\'HDWKV+HDUW'LVHDVH 84.2 39.7 60.8 47.0 60.1 64.2 65.9 Chapter 7:

Stroke Health & Wellbeing Early Deaths: Cancer 117.1 76.7 105.8 101.4 105.2 113.9 100.7

Table 7.1: Buckinghamshire health and activity performance against English average 2004-2006, with below average scores highlighted. (National rankings per 100,000 population under 75) Fig 7.2: ,0'%+HDOWKDQG'LVDELOLW\'RPDLQLQGLFDWRU7KHLQGLFDWRUUHÀHFWVGDWDRQLQVWDQFHVRI (Bucks Healthy Communities Strategy (2009)Edited Table) poor health, early mortality and disability

132 133 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Evidence suggests that health and Rates of childhood obesity are higher in poverty are very closely linked, with schools in the most deprived areas of the 4200 health inequalities resulting from social county (see Table 7.2). This reinforces the 4000 inequalities. Therefore any attempts to message that in the county’s most deprived 3800 tackle health inequalities requires action areas; more than 80% of young people do Total Cyclists 3600 across all social determinants of health, not take the recommended level of exercise. Recorded including transport. 3400 3200 Total cyclists recorded cyclists Total 3000 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year

Fig 7.3: 7RWDOF\FOLVWVUHFRUGHGDQQXDOO\LQ$\OHVEXU\DWPDQXDOTXDUWHUO\WUDI¿FFRXQWV (BCC)

In 2005, Aylesbury was awarded a Cycle A school census is sent out to schools Table 7.2:3HUFHQWDJHRIFKLOGUHQ Aston Clinton, period 2005-2011. Since then the town Wendover, Halton, Stone and Weston As outlined previously, there is a direct Only two percent of trips are cycled in has been able to achieve a marked step- Turville). Countywide the level of walking correlation between instances of obesity England but in the Netherlands it's 26%, and change (see Fig 7.3) in cycling levels for and cycling over the period has increased, and poor health, and lack of exercise. A some towns in Europe achieve even higher utility and leisure trips, and has left a legacy with fewer pupils travelling by single large proportion of trips are made by levels (DfT 2008). It can be argued that of improved cycling infrastructure for future occupancy vehicles (i.e. one family in one inactive modes of transport, particularly higher levels of cycling in the Netherlands generations. The work in Aylesbury has vehicle). Within the extended Aylesbury car driver or passenger, compared to active is not the result of a more favourable also had a knock on effect on cycling levels area, levels of walking and cycling are modes like walking and cycling. Around climate (their climate is wetter than across the county. higher than the county average, and over 30% of the county’s children are driven to Buckinghamshire’s) but because central the period there has been an increase in school, 40% walk and one percent cycle. It and local Government have consistently The cycling indicator used over the second cycling levels.

Health & Wellbeing has been proven that those who are active integrated cycling into transport and LTP period based on cycle counts at ten planning decisions in order to create an sites countywide (seven of which were in Chapter 7: on their journeys to school are generally more alert when they arrive at school. environment and culture whereby cycling Aylesbury) showed a marked 55% increase is the natural choice for many journeys. in cyclists between 2005 and 2009. In

Active travel can contribute to enhanced addition, the number of bikes parked at rail Chapter 7: stations in the county has increase by 28%

feelings of independence and improved Health & Wellbeing spatial awareness. In addition, active travel between 2005 and 2010. can also aid in reducing the prevalence and managing the symptoms of osteoporosis among the ageing population.

134 135 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

2007 % of pupils 2009 % of pupils Countywide Walk 38.1 39.4 Cycle 1.0 1.3 Single Occupancy Car 32.16 30.8 Car Share 3.64 4.1 Other 25.1 24.4 Extended Aylesbury Area Walk 51.0 50.5 Cycle 1.8 2.3 Single Occupancy Car 22.5 23.5 Car Share 1.5 1.6 Other 23.2 22.1

Table 7.3: Mode of travel to school in 2007 and 2009 (school census) N.B: data is that reported by the local authority and covers schools with a travel plan (some 83%) and 50% of those schools without one.

Air Quality

7KHUH LV D FOHDU OLQN EHWZHHQ KLJK WUDI¿F In addition, we have a number of areas levels and congestion and poor air quality. of concern that have yet to be declared, There are a number of designated AQMAs including: across the county that are primarily linked ‡ +LJK:\FRPEHWRZQFHQWUH to emissions from road transport. The main ‡ %LFHVWHU5RDG$\OHVEXU\DQG pollutant from exhaust emission is nitrogen ‡:LQVORZ  DQG %XFNLQJKDP WRZQ dioxide (NOX) that is thought to contribute centres. to respiratory problems in people subject to long term exposure. The county’s AQMAs Figure 7.4 details these areas. are: ‡7KUHH  DUHDV LQ FHQWUDO $\OHVEXU\ (Friarage Road, Stoke Road, Tring Health & Wellbeing Road);

Chapter 7: ‡%URDG  6WUHHW DQG %HUNKDPVWHDG Road in Chesham; and ‡$ORQJWKH0RWRUZD\QHWZRUN 0 

M4 and M25). Chapter 7: Health & Wellbeing

Fig 7.4: AQMAs Buckinghamshire

136 137 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Transport Objectives Sustainable Travel – Smarter Choices behavioural change; therefore we will summary on page 109, and our Travel Plan support the promotion of Health and case studies on page 70 and 72. :HOOEHLQJEHQH¿WVWREHZLGHO\SURPRWHG Objective: Improve health by encouraging walking and cycling across the county in order to help encourage We will look to develop innovative ways of more people to travel actively. Summary: Improve levels of health in the county by encouraging active travel through promoting active and sustainable travel, the provision of well designed and maintained footway and cycleway infrastructure to key such as with iCycle (see case study on page In addition to promoting greater levels of destinations and attractions; and the promotion and marketing of walking and cycling for 141) that can be used to promote cycling walking, cycling and public transport use, commuting, recreation and utility purposes. in workplaces irrespective of whether the we will also encourage and promote the business has a travel plan. XSWDNH RI HOHFWULFK\EULG YHKLFOHV ZKHQ Aim: To increase levels of walking and cycling in the county, particularly among young suitable infrastructure has been provided SHRSOHDQGLQDUHDVZKLFKKDYHEHHQLGHQWL¿HGDVH[SHULHQFLQJKHDOWKSUREOHPVDVVRFLDWHG Promotional activities can help facilitate to improve air quality across the county. with a lack of physical activity. Sustainable Travel Strategy Summary: Walking, Cycling and Rights of Way How We Will Measure Success Active travel among school children We want towns, villages and rural areas to be bicycle and walking friendly. For short trips Levels of cycling in the county cycling and walking should be seen as the norm. To increase cycling and walking across Buckinghamshire we will encourage:

‡7KHGHVLJQRIWRZQVYLOODJHVDQGQHZGHYHORSPHQWVWREHF\FOLQJDQGZDONLQJ Objective: Reduce the negative impact of poor air quality friendly. ‡7KHQHHGVRISHGHVWULDQVDQGF\FOLVWVWREHLQFOXGHGLQWKHGHVLJQRIWRZQ Summary: Improve and maintain levels of local air pollution within National Air Quality centre regeneration. Standards  ‡ &\FOLVWDQGSHGHVWULDQIULHQGO\URDGVLQXUEDQDUHDV ‡3URYLGHVWURQJOLQNDJHVZLWKWKHRXU*UHHQ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH6WUDWHJ\WKURXJKWKH Aim: )RUOHYHOVRIDLUTXDOLW\WREHVLJQL¿FDQWO\LPSURYHGLQDUHDVGHFODUHGDV$40$V promotion and enhancement of the Rights of Way network. within Buckinghamshire.  ‡ 3URPRWLRQRIWKHEHQH¿WVRIF\FOLQJDQGZDONLQJ  ‡ &\FOLQJIULHQGO\URXWHVWRVFKRROVZLWKF\FOHSDUNLQJ How We Will Measure Success  ‡ 6LJQHGUXUDOF\FOHURXWHVIRUYLVLWRUVDQGOHLVXUHF\FOLVWV Annual mean concentration of NOX levels in AQMAs  ‡ (GXFDWLRQRIVFKRROFKLOGUHQRQKRZWRF\FOHFRPSHWHQWO\DQGUHVSRQVLEO\  ‡ 6HFXUHSDUNLQJIRUELNHVZKHUHDSSURSULDWH  ‡ 0DLQWHQDQFHRIFRXQW\¶VF\FOHDQGIRRWSDWKVQHWZRUN to minimise associated noise from driving Our Approach  ‡ 6LJQSRVWLQJRIF\FOLQJDQGZDONLQJQHWZRUNV over uneven surfaces and provide safe

Health & Wellbeing  ‡ 3XEOLF7UDQVSRUWSURYLGHUVWRDFFRPPRGDWHF\FOLVWV surfaces for cyclists and walkers. Delivering Maintenance Chapter 7:

We will prioritise the maintenance of Encouraging Behaviour Change popular walking and cycling routes and

We will look to build on the work we have levels and apply similar techniques in other Chapter 7: infrastructure (signage, cycle parking and Travel planning initiatives will be

delivered in Aylesbury (see case study) areas in the county, in partnership with Health & Wellbeing appropriate storage facilities), informed by encouraged and required through the over the last six years to improve provision private developers, other councils and local the network hierarchy, to encourage active planning system to promote travel by for cyclists and promote increased cycling community groups. travel. In addition, we will seek to remove active modes. This activity will be primarily small scale barriers to cycling and walking, supported within schools and workplaces, such as improving the quality of dropped but will also include rail stations, residential kerbs and footways. Where possible we will areas and personalised travel plans. For ensure road surfaces are well maintained more information on this please see our

138 139 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

FRQ¿GHQFH QHHGHG WR WDFNOH WKH FRXQW\ V already. Funding is then allocated to those Case study: Cycle Aylesbury roads. The funding has resulted in 3,250 schools to draw on the expertise of over 20 FKLOGUHQ EHLQJ WUDLQHG LQ  DQG D accredited cycling instructors in the county. The Challenge IXUWKHUVHWWREHWUDLQHGLQ The aim is to give all Year 6 children the We invite bids from schools for the funding, opportunity to be trained at Level 2 by ,Q$\OHVEXU\ZDVVHOHFWHGWREHFRPHRQHRIVL[WRZQVWRGHPRQVWUDWHWKDWVLJQL¿FDQW and they are assessed based on them 2012. investment in cycling, equivalent to that of leading European cities could bring about an having a travel plan and promoting cycling increase in cycling levels by getting more people cycling, more safely and more often. With high car ownership and dependency, a large out commuting population and housing growth WDUJHWVWKHUHZDVDVLJQL¿FDQWFKDOOHQJHWRLQFUHDVHF\FOLQJ Case Study: iCycle

The Solution iCycle is an innovative new initiative that we have developed to encourage staff to get on their bikes and cycle more. Staff can join an iCycle team regardless of skill or The Cycle Aylesbury project initially adopted a strategy with a strong emphasis on promotion FRQ¿GHQFHOHYHODQGZLOOEHQH¿WIURPWKHHQFRXUDJHPHQWDQGWHDPVSLULWWKDWEHLQJ and marketing. The main focus was on cycling trips to four key destinations: to school, the an iCycle team member will bring. railway station, workplaces and the town centre. Each “gemstone” cycle route was branded with the name and colour of a gemstone and link communities, schools, Stoke Mandeville iCycle teams need a volunteer employee to become the team leader Hospital, local centres and employment areas. who will take ownership of the project. This team leader motivates RWKHUVWR¿WF\FOLQJLQWRWKHLUQRUPDOHYHU\GD\OLYHV7KHWHDP Since the launch of the project, sustained funding has been secured through Cycling England can be made up of anyone who wants to cycle a bit more, and (£300,000 per year) match funded by the County Council. In 2008 we were successful in there are guidelines available to both the team leader and team gaining a further three years of funding. Since 2008, the emphasis of the Cycle Aylesbury members so they get the most out of their iCycle experience. project has been on better provision of well planned and targeted infrastructure. Team members log their journeys on the iCycle website (www.icycle.uk.com) that The Outcome monitors progress and seeing how many calories they are burning. They will be The town now has nine highly visible, high-quality dedicated rewarded with prizes when they reach bronze, silver and gold targets. gemstone cycle routes as well as the new Bourg Walk Bridge WKDWSURYLGHVDZDONLQJF\FOLQJOLQNIURPWKHWRZQFHQWUHWR Delivering Management and Tackling Supporting New Infrastructure the south. Aylesbury has subsequently seen an 18% increase Congestion in cycle trips recorded between 2007 and 2010. In addition WRWKLVVLQFHWKHVWDUWRIWKHSURMHFWLQWKHQXPEHURI The application of shared space principles In the interests of creating a more attractive bikes parked at the train station has increased by 35%. These within town centre improvements will be walking and cycling network, we will support results are comparable to successful cycling towns in Europe investigated to provide greater priority to improved signposting and facilities such as in the early years of their development as cycling towns. pedestrians and cyclists in the interests of cycle parking, and support the application Health & Wellbeing encouraging greater use of these modes. of urban design best practice. The latest Chapter 7: design principles will be supported to We will continue to support and assist badges are awarded for each level to those Elements of the Freight Strategy (see ensure quality public spaces and streets in the allocation of Bikeability funding children who successfully complete the summary on page 117) will be used where are created which improve the journey provided by the DfT. Bikeability provides course. appropriate to manage the negative experience for pedestrians and cyclists. In Chapter 7:

F\FOLQJ SUR¿FLHQF\ WUDLQLQJ IRU FKLOGUHQ LPSDFWVRIKHDY\JRRGVYHKLFOHVDQGWUDI¿F addition, new cycling and walking routes will Health & Wellbeing LPSURYLQJWKHLUVNLOOVDQGFRQ¿GHQFHWRULGH Bikeability in Buckinghamshire is a key ÀRZRQWKHORFDOHQYLURQPHQWDQGSHRSOHV¶ EHVXSSRUWHGZKHUHWKHUHLVDQLGHQWL¿HG their bikes on the road. There are three element of our strategy to get more quality of life. need, and we will continue to audit existing Bikeability levels. A child will typically start people cycling, more often, more safely. cycling and walking routes to identify where lessons once they have learnt to ride a bike, In a predominantly rural county it is not We will consider the application of 20mph improvements could be made. with 10-11 year olds progressing through feasible to provide dedicated cycling routes zones in towns and villages where deemed to Level 2, and then Level 3 at secondary to all areas, therefore Bikeability training necessary, as these could improve the VFKRRO  \HDU ROGV   &HUWL¿FDWHV DQG provides children with the skills and environment for walking and cycling. 140 141 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

We will seek the creation of new rights We will continue to work with members (see case study) is an example of how in we are able to encourage greater levels of of way links and higher rights on existing of the local community and the Bucks partnership with some of the above groups, active travel. routes, to increase the connectivity for Healthy Community Partnership, including walkers and cyclists and reduce the need NHS Buckinghamshire, to deliver the to use vehicular transport modes. We Buckinghamshire Healthy Communities will work in partnership with developers, Strategy. This work could include the Case study: Walk Wycombe District Councils and the rights of way continued promotion of active travel team, to ensure the provision of high through partnerships with GP surgeries The Challenge quality footpaths, cycleways and accessible and their associated consortiums. We will green space, together with links into also support NHS organisations looking to ,QWKHKHDOWKSUR¿OHRI:\FRPEHVKRZHGWKDWRIDGXOWVLQWKHGLVWULFWZHUH existing urban areas, particularly around LPSOHPHQWVWUDWHJLHVDQGDFWLRQVLGHQWL¿HG obese and eight percent of reception year primary school children were obese. In addition, new growth areas. Bridleways will play an in the South East England Health Strategy. around three and a half percent of people were diagnosed with diabetes in Wycombe district, important role in providing green transport ZKLFKLVDERYHWKHFRXQW\¶VDYHUDJH7KH'HSDUWPHQWRI+HDOWKDQGWKH*RYHUQPHQW2I¿FH As stated in the Safe Communities section corridors. for the South East each contributed to a £50,000 pot to develop High Wycombe as a healthy (Chapter 6), we will continue to work with town through improved infrastructure, mapping and a campaign to get more people walking. the local planning authorities to ensure that As part of the streetscape design principles, the local environment helps to encourage appropriate materials and street furniture The Solution cycling and walking. The application of will be encouraged to enhance the quality of good urban design is essential in delivering Working in partnership with Wycombe District Council, the NHS, Bucks Sport and the High the built environment. High quality building this. Wycombe Town Centre Partnership three new town materials will be sought to enhance the centre signed recreational walks were implemented. area and appropriate street furniture will We will also explore opportunities to work 7RSURPRWHWKHZDONV¿YHQHZQRWLFHERDUGVZHUH be used where possible to provide resting with neighbouring authorities to implement installed at locations around the town centre. places, points for social interaction, and local walking and cycling improvements and They included 3D maps of the area, a dedicated points of interest for visitors and residents promotions. A number of urban centres section for community information and details of of the area. and transport hubs lie just outside the the new walks. Walk Wycombe guide books were county boundary, but villages in the county also created that included maps of the walks, key As mentioned in Sustainable Environment FRXOG SRWHQWLDOO\ EHQH¿W IURP HQKDQFHG information about the town and links to health and other initiatives to encourage walking (Chapter 5) the County Council support walking and cycling links to them. This such as walking route planners and Simply Walk. Simply Walk aims to tackle isolation and the introduction of sustainable fuel includes: Thame; Brackley; Milton Keynes; promote community cohesion by providing a programme of safe, accessible, volunteer led infrastructure, such as electric charging Tring; Leighton-Linslade; Slough and walks in local areas to enable people to improve their physical health and emotional well points to help reduce toxic vehicle Maidenhead. being. Walking route planners were also created and hosted on www.walkit.com. The new emissions. LQLWLDWLYHVZHUHSURPRWHGDWDQRI¿FLDO:DON:\FRPEHODXQFKKHOGLQWKHWRZQFHQWUH To facilitate the promotion of a culture Partnership Working of walking and cycling across the county The Outcome Tackling health issues and inequalities we will continue to work with all our Between January and June 2010, 2,987 people Health & Wellbeing effectively requires a multi-agency partners, including the private sector, and accessed www.walkit.com to plan a walking

Chapter 7: approach. In Buckinghamshire, the Healthy Bucks Sport and Reactivate Bucks who Communities Partnership has developed a are responsible for the promotion of sport route. There is a Simply Walk programme of countywide strategy covering the period and physical activity across the county. In approximately 50 walks across the county - operating every day excluding Saturdays

2009-2014. This aims to: addition, Simply Walk is another partner Chapter 7: we will work with to promote greater levels and between 1st Jan - 30 June 2010, a total Health & Wellbeing ‡(QVXUH  WKDW DOO UHVLGHQWV OLYH of walking. Simply Walk leads health walks of 1,446 people walked with Simply Walk, healthier, happier and longer lives; using community volunteers and currently including 484 new walkers. Working with ‡5HGXFHKHDOWKLQHTXDOLWLHVEHWZHHQ  attracts 1,200 walkers per quarter, on 51 local schools and businesses will allow us to different geographical areas and walks, led by 170 volunteer walk leaders encourage more people to walk as part of a groups of people; and (Simply Walk, 2010). It is funded by BCC, healthy lifestyle and this will hopefully reduce ‡&UHDWHDQHQYLURQPHQWWKDWVXSSRUWV  NHS Buckinghamshire, Reactivate Bucks FRQJHVWLRQDQGLPSURYHWKHKHDOWKSUR¿OHRI health and well-being. and the District Councils. Walk Wycombe Wycombe. 142 143 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

A number of volunteer groups exist around ‡6KDULQJ  JRRG SUDFWLFH ZLWK VFKRRO the county in order to facilitate walking management teams Case study: Beeches Cycling Strategy and cycling (such as Simply Walk). We ‡ 2UJDQLVLQJSUDFWLFDOF\FOLQJDFWLYLWLHV will continue to support these groups and ‡ *HQHUDWLQJSRVLWLYHSXEOLFLW\ The Challenge look to support the work of other resident Several organisations in the Beeches local area sought a cycling legacy from the 2012 and community groups, in line with the In targeted schools in South Bucks and Olympic Games as an outcome of the rowing and canoeing events being held at Dorney principles of Big Society, to promote and Slough 'Bike It' has managed to increase Lake. In early 2010 the Beeches Local Area Forum (LAF) resolved to target the promotion improve provision for walking and cycling. the number of pupils who cycle everyday and development of cycling in the local area as a priority. This could be through supporting them from around two percent to around seven to deliver new or better maintained paths percent, and who cycle regularly (once or The Solution and footways, or simply maintaining grass twice a week) from around ten percent to verges to a higher standard where there is around 26% during an academic year. In order to facilitate this it has been necessary to establish a steering group responsible to no footway provision. oversee the commissioning and delivery of a cycling development plan for the local area. We will explore opportunities to work with This steering group was made up of representatives from the LAF, local parish councils, We will continue to work closely with the transport providers across the county to cycling enthusiasts, cycling clubs and organisations such as British Cycling and Sustrans as sustainable transport charity Sustrans, encourage active lifestyles, and improve ZHOODVRI¿FHUVIURPWKHORFDODXWKRULWLHV to promote cycling in the county. The access to the natural environment. This Sustrans 'Bike It' scheme has achieved may include us facilitating joint campaigns The Outcome impressive results to date in the county, and promotions between voluntary in Aylesbury and South Bucks, where groups, rail and bus service providers to The cycling development plan is being progressed, consulted and embedded within the local WKHLU %LNH,W RI¿FHUVKDYHZRUNHGGLUHFWO\ encourage utility and recreational walks community. Think Burnham! was commissioned to lead the work on cycling promotion and with schools who want to increase levels and cycle rides. We will also work with training in the area. Funding for initial projects has been secured via the LAF and a locally of cycling. The aim of the scheme is to public transport operators to provide better based company Cyclewise has been offered the contract to provide cycle training to local create a cycling culture in the school, bike accommodation on their services, to schools, create a cycling club, lead rides in the local area as well as develop 'Bike Trains' to among pupils, teachers and parents, which encourage cycle use at the start and end of help transport groups of schoolchildren to and from school each day. FRQWLQXHVORQJDIWHUWKH %LNH,W RI¿FHUKDV public transport journeys. OHIW7KH %LNH,W RI¿FHUVZRUNLQFOXGHV With the support and involvement of partners, schools, We will support local communities in businesses and residents this locally led initiative has the potential ‡ ([SODLQLQJWKHEHQH¿WVRIF\FOLQJ prioritising and delivering local transport WRFRQWLQXHWRGHOLYHUUHDOEHQH¿WVIRUWKHORFDOFRPPXQLW\DQG ‡ &RQWULEXWLQJWRFODVVURRPZRUN service improvements that help encourage using this support, tap into potential funding opportunities to ‡$GGUHVVLQJ  FRQFHUQV DERXW VDIHW\ active travel. Recent work in the Beeches support cycling in the area. and liability with the help of the local local area is an example of this (see case authority and other partners study). Health & Wellbeing Chapter 7: In order to effectively tackle air quality it will AQMAs when air quality is poor. We will be important for us to engage with other continue to work with the District Councils

partners to implement measures (see case on the implementation of their Air Quality Chapter 7: study). The key partners in addressing air Action Plans, and thus help to deliver Health & Wellbeing quality issues within Buckinghamshire are suitable actions and initiatives through the the District Councils who have the statutory Implementation Plan. duty to manage local air quality and declare

144 145 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Chapter 8: Cohesive and Strong Communities Case study: Bucks Air Quality Management Group 2QWKHVXUIDFH%XFNLQJKDPVKLUHLVYHU\DIÀXHQWDQGKDVIHZRIWKHSUREOHPVW\SLFDOO\DVVRFLDWHG The Challenge ZLWKODUJHXUEDQFRQXUEDWLRQV+RZHYHUWKLVSHUFHSWLRQPDVNVWKHSUHVHQFHRIDVLJQL¿FDQW population at risk of social exclusion due to their socioeconomic status or location. Transport Local authorities in the UK have a statutory duty for local air quality management. In has a key role not only in enhancing accessibility so these groups can partake fully in society Buckinghamshire, both the District and County Councils have responsibilities to improve and enjoy a good quality of life, but also in supporting the Big Society, giving people a greater air quality. It is therefore essential a joined up approach is taken to ensure this is done say over and the ability to deliver transport services and improvements. effectively.

The Solution Introduction

The District and County Councils have Being able to access key services and Throughout this Plan period we want to been working in partnership to address air facilities is a fundamental part of individual, actively encourage the implementation quality issues in Buckinghamshire since family and community well-being. Poor of the coalition Government’s Big Society 1998. The Bucks Air Quality Management access has a direct link to social and initiative. We aim to do this through close Group (BAQMG) was formed and consists economic exclusion. An individual’s quality engagement with local area representatives of representatives from each of the District of life has a direct correlation with access to and being responsive to customer priorities. Councils, Milton Keynes Council, the County key services and facilities. It is recognised In addition, we want to build on our Council and the Strategic Health Authority. In 2006 the group developed the Buckinghamshire that for children and young people access existing local area approach and support and Milton Keynes Regional Air Quality Strategy (BMKAQS). to education and leisure facilities is a key LAFs in prioritising and delivering transport part of their development; for the elderly improvements for their local areas. The Outcome transport is a lifeline for access to shops, The BAQMG ensure a consistent approach to tackling the problems of air quality. A services and social networks. Transport Where we identify a role for local community QXPEHURIMRLQWLQLWLDWLYHVKDYHEHHQGHYHORSHGVXFKDVYHKLFOHHPLVVLRQVUHSRUWLQJWUDI¿F provision and planning can play a key role groups and individuals to deliver transport monitoring, green travel information, cut your engine campaigns, tree planting projects as in providing access for communities and services, we will offer support, guidance ZHOODVVKDULQJEHVWSUDFWLFHIRULPSURYLQJDLUSROOXWLRQKRWVSRWV(I¿FLHQFLHVKDYHDOVREHHQ forging strong links between community and assistance wherever possible. As well achieved through joint reporting. A website has been developed to support the strategy and members. as contributing to our overall Plan objectives ZRUNRI%$40*KWWSZZZEXFNVDLUTXDOLW\QHW this will support the desire of the Sustainable It is not cost effective to aim to enhance Communities Strategy to sustain and grow accessibility for all through the support of a thriving voluntary and community sector non-commercially viable public transport throughout Buckinghamshire. We will continue to improve the quality of the *UDQG8QLRQ&DQDO *8& WKH0DUVZRUWK services. Where accessibility support is environment for pedestrians and cyclists. Tring reservoirs and two branches of the required the focus must be on those most We will ensure the ROW network is properly GUC namely:

Health & Wellbeing in need, and those at risk of suffering integrated with our Implementation Plan ‡7KH  $\OHVEXU\ $UP NP IURP most from constrained accessibility. The Chapter 7: and supporting strategies, notably the Marsworth to Aylesbury Basin) accessibility needs of those disadvantaged TAMP and Walking and Cycling Strategy, ‡7KH:HQGRYHU&DQDO NPZLWKDQ  E\WKHLUFLUFXPVWDQFHVDQGRUORFDWLRQDUH in accordance with the Natural England active Trust helping to rewater the the priority. (www.naturalengland.gov.uk) guidance middle section) note LTP and ROWIP integration – Good ‡7KH6ORXJK$UP NPIURPWKH*8&  Practice Note. In so doing we will support at Cowley Peachey in the London delivery of the BCC ROWIP. Borough of Hillingdon)

The canal towpath system is another We will work closely with British Waterways Chapter 8: network which has an important role to play who manage these canal towpaths, to Communities Cohesive & Strong & Strong Cohesive in providing attractive walking and cycling ensure they are fully integrated with networks. In Buckinghamshire there is the WKH ZLGHU ZDONLQJF\FOLQJ QHWZRUN DUH 146 attractive and well used. 147 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

National Context work in partnership to deliver holistic and Deprivation in Buckinghamshire innovative solutions. The Government has reiterated its clear As mentioned in Health and Wellbeing a variety of data sources including the 2001 commitment to increasing fairness and Big SocietyDQG/RFDOLVPDUHWKHÀDJVKLS section (Chapter 7) the level of deprivation &HQVXV DQG OLIHVW\OHKRXVHKROG LQFRPH social mobility. Access to employment, policies of the coalition Government. is mixed across the county. This ultimately VXUYH\V  3HRSOH DUH µQHVWHG¶ LQWR ¿YH education and healthcare, as well as ending Previous sections have described these in affects the strength of communities and overall categories, and ten sub categories. child poverty, all have an impact on life more detail (page 13 & 14), but essentially the way in that they interact with each For more information on ACORN data and chances and social mobility, and ultimately they seek to involve local people more in other. Figure 8.1 shows the ACORN socio- FODVVL¿FDWLRQVVHH on growth. decision making, and support them, the HFRQRPLF FODVVL¿FDWLRQ RI WKH FRXQW\ ZZZFDFLFRXNDFRUQ voluntary and community sector and other SRSXODWLRQ7KHFODVVL¿FDWLRQVDUHEDVHGRQ It is recognised that local transport plans groups in playing an active role in their and the associated accessibility planning communities. The Government sees the provide local transport authorities with the Big Society as a way to achieve greater Socio-Economic Classification of Buckinghamshire opportunity to tackle these barriers in a fairness and opportunity for all, and instilling clear and systematic way. Government have a greater level of personal responsibility. LGHQWL¿HG ROGHU SHRSOH \RXQJHU SHRSOH Public transport is an essential component minority ethnic and faith groups, disabled 9% people and socially excluded people as key in the successful delivery of the Localism 8% Wealthy Achievers groups for consideration. agenda. Better bus services cannot 46% Urban Prosperity EH GHOLYHUHG WKURXJK D RQHVL]H¿WV Comfortably Well Off all approach. Every local community Moderate Means The Child Poverty Act 2010 requires the 30% Secretary of State to meet four targets is different and therefore bus services Hard Pressed 7% to eradicate child poverty by 2020. It must be designed to meet the needs of UHTXLUHVDVWUDWHJ\HYHU\WKUHH\HDUV ¿UVW VSHFL¿F ORFDO FRPPXQLWLHV  7KH UROH RI being before March 2011) to meet these the local community and the Big Society is 2020 targets and to reduce socio-economic fundamental to shaping the local transport disadvantage. The Act also places a network and tacking the exclusion issues Fig 8.1: $&2516RFLR(FRQRPLF&ODVVL¿FDWLRQRI%XFNLQJKDPVKLUH¶VSRSXODWLRQ 6RXUFH&$&, statutory duty on local authorities and their that may occur in isolated communities. partners to produce a strategy to tackle With the county’s overall prosperity it is Focusing on areas that experience child poverty in their area. County Challenges D VLJQL¿FDQW FKDOOHQJH WR LGHQWLI\ DQG concentrations of particularly advantaged cater for the pockets of ‘hard pressed’ or disadvantaged groups can mask the In addition, it is acknowledged that it is not Isolation in a community can seriously individuals within our society. The most presence of those that do not share the just the responsibility of the local transport undermine social cohesion. Older people deprived populations have relatively poor same socio-economic characteristics authority to manage accessibility issues. It and those living in rural areas have been health outcomes when compared to similar compared with the majority of the local requires a number of key service providers, LGHQWL¿HGDVEHLQJWKHPRVWDWULVNZLWK populations across the rest of the country. population. within and outside the authority (including this risk compounded by a lack of access to The population as a whole has a higher the voluntary sector) to work in partnership key services and destinations. life expectancy than the national average 7KHDSSOLFDWLRQRIWKH$&251FODVVL¿FDWLRQV to deliver holistic and innovative solutions. but life expectancy varies by more than at a much more local level indicates that WHQ\HDUVDFURVVWKHFRXQW\UHÀHFWLQJWKH each of our nine Local Transport Areas The spending cuts announced by the Cohesive & Strong relative deprivation. In addition, as outlined (LTAs) have some deprived populations;

Communities coalition Government in October 2010 are Chapter 8: in the Health Communities Strategy, health and groups in the lowest, ‘hard pressed’ likely to result in closure or reduced service tends to be worse in older people, Black and FODVVL¿FDWLRQ  )LJXUH  XQGHUOLQHV WKLV provision by a number of providers. It Minority Ethnic Groups, people with learning XVLQJWKHUHOHYDQWO\DIÀXHQWDUHDRI6RXWK is imperative that key service providers, Chapter 8:

disability and mental health problems and Bucks as an example (the darker areas Communities within and outside the local authority’s other socially excluded groups. indicate higher proportions of deprived & Strong Cohesive control (including the voluntary sector) groups). 148 149 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

areas of deprivation affecting as many affecting children and young people across as 12,000 children and young people. Buckinghamshire. We have come together Addressing their transport requirements to with the main organisations working with access education and work opportunities is children and young people to produce an essential part of helping them to break the Buckinghamshire Children and Young the cycle of continued poverty. People’s Plan. It sets out what we will do to make sure that every child and young A local Child Poverty Strategy is presently person can: being drafted under the direction of the ‡ %H+HDOWK\ Buckinghamshire Strategic Partnership ‡ 6WD\6DIH (www.buckspartnership.co.uk). This will ‡ (QMR\DQG$FKLHYH link to the priorities of other local plans ‡ 0DNHD3RVLWLYH&RQWULEXWLRQ and strategies including this Plan. Through ‡ $FKLHYH(FRQRPLFZHOOEHLQJ this work a number of priorities have been LGHQWL¿HG WKDW LQFOXGH LQFUHDVLQJ SDUHQWDO Figure 8.3 shows that based on the employment and improving local services population increase assumption of 12.5% to support families. Improving accessibility by 2030, the county will have 33,000 and developing and maintaining good residents with a physical disability, around public transport is integral to achieving 200 with serious visual impairments and these priorities. 13,350 with hearing impairments. All of these impairments must be considered and Fig 8.2: Dominant Acorn Groups in South Bucks (Source: CACI) The Buckinghamshire Children and Young catered for when planning, building and People’s Plan (2011-2014) is the single, maintaining the transport network. Vulnerable Groups means that there is a risk that this group overarching, strategic plan for all services could become increasingly isolated. The elderly, children, young people and disabled people are all susceptible to Over a third of the county’s population aged 30000 isolation within our communities due to between 0 and 19 years live in Wycombe 25000 limited access to goods, services and key District and another third in Aylesbury Vale. destinations. In Buckinghamshire the $OPRVWRQH¿IWKDUHIRXQGLQ&KLOWHUQZLWK 20000 over 65 population is projected to increase just over ten percent in South Bucks. At by approx 50% (to 111,000) by 2026; the very local level there are some areas People 15000 2010 whilst the number over 80 is expected to WKDWYDU\VLJQL¿FDQWO\IURPWKHQRUP)RU 2015 10000 2020 increase by about 53% (to approximately instance, the proportion of people under 2025  7KLVFDQSRVHVLJQL¿FDQWLVVXHV the age of 20 in Taplow is only 16%, whilst 5000 2030 For example, it will put severe pressures on in areas such as Abbey, Buckingham South, 0 public services, particularly in Chiltern and 6RXWKFRXUW%RZHUGHDQ/XI¿HOG$EEH\DQG Pop. aged 18-64 Pop. aged 18-64 Pop. aged 18-64 4XDUUHQGRQWKH¿JXUHLVZHOORYHU predicted to have a predicted to have a predicted to have a South Bucks where over a quarter will be moderate physical serious physical severe hearing aged 65 or over. disability. disability. impairment. Twelve percent of the county’s 0 to 19 year Group Cohesive & Strong Children and young people make up a olds live in areas that are within 30% of Communities Chapter 8: VLJQL¿FDQW SURSRUWLRQ RI WKH FRXQW\¶V the most deprived in the country. In 2008, Fig 8.3: Population disability projections in Buckinghamshire (Source: Projecting Adult Needs and population accounting for 26% or 123,000 10.5% of the county’s children and young Service Information www.pansi.org.uk.) persons in 2001. Whilst the proportion of people aged 0 to 19 were living in poverty Chapter 8:

people under 20 years of age has remained (Department for Work and Pensions). This Communities virtually constant since 1991, it is projected UHFRJQLVHVWKDWHYHQLQDUHODWLYHO\DIÀXHQW & Strong Cohesive to decline in future years. This ultimately area such as Buckinghamshire there are 150 151 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 ORFDOO\PHDQLQJSHRSOHFDQ¿QGLWGLI¿FXOW (DDA) places a duty on public bodies to access key facilities in the absence of to actively promote disability equality. a regular public transport service or car. Ultimately it should result in a shift Recent public spending announcements from a legal framework that relies on and reorganisations have the potential to individuals informing us of their issues with reduce the availability of local services, discrimination to one whereby the public particularly in regard to healthcare, day sector and the local community is proactive centre and social care, library and post in addressing the needs and aspirations of RI¿FHSURYLVLRQ society. The Act brings land based public transport vehicles within its scope. Low rural population densities reduce the viability for commercial bus operators due to Access to Local Services SRRU¿QDQFLDOUHWXUQV3DVVHQJHUQXPEHUV are continuing to dwindle on rural routes It is important that all people within the leading to the rising cost having to be met county can access key goods, services, by the public sector to ensure that those education, employment and leisure few that use the services can access the facilities in order to maintain and improve key centres. The provision of conventional their quality of life. Access can be a barrier, bus services to serve low density, rural particularly for those who do not have access locations no longer offers the most cost- to a car. The disproportionate impact is effective means of providing services for often felt on particularly vulnerable groups rural communities and alternatives must be such as children, young people, those with investigated. disabilities, low income groups and the elderly.

Figure 8.4 outlines those areas that currently suffer from low levels of accessibility to a combination of key local services (GP surgeries, general stores and VXSHUPDUNHWVSULPDU\VFKRROVSRVWRI¿FH RUVXESRVWRI¿FH E\URDG8QVXUSULVLQJO\ it is the county’s rural areas that suffer from the lowest levels of accessibility (darker shaded).

In recent decades greater levels of car ownership and use has meant the number of local services, especially in rural areas, Fig 8.4: – Geographic barriers sub domain deprivation indicator (2007) (Source: Index of Multiple has reduced. This has been exacerbated Deprivation: DCLG) Cohesive & Strong by services being provided within our larger Communities Chapter 8: town centres or edge of town locations, rather than within the local communities themselves. Ultimately this land use Chapter 8: SDWWHUQ KDV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ UHGXFHG WKH Communities number of key services that can be accessed & Strong Cohesive

152 153 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Buckinghamshire’s Big Society ‡(GXFDWLRQ  WUDLQLQJ DQG OHDUQLQJ opportunities Buckinghamshire already has a strong ‡ (PSOR\PHQWRSSRUWXQLWLHV and vibrant community spirit. Over 3,000 ‡ +HDOWKFDUHVHUYLFHV voluntary and community organisations ‡/HLVXUH  RSSRUWXQLWLHV DQG JUHHQ already exist in the county, and we have infrastructure twice as many charities as the national ‡ 6RFLDOQHWZRUNV average. These groups are active in all aspects of life ranging from local sporting Restricted access to key services and clubs through to the delivery of care activities can contribute to social isolation services. and deprivation. It can also lead to unemployment, anti-social behaviour and The growth and development of the crime, low educational standards, poor Big Society in the county will depend on physical and mental health, and other working closely with these existing groups, associated problems. and by continuing the development of the Localism agenda. This work includes the It is not solely the physical distance from operation of LAFs, where local priorities a particular service or a distinct lack of DQGVROXWLRQVFDQEHLGHQWL¿HG:HZLOOQRW transport to reach it that causes issues. always be best placed to deliver services Other factors such as travel cost, travel and improvements, and therefore seek to time by various modes, perceived safety encourage local innovation and partnership and security, or inadequate knowledge working to support the delivery of services of the transport services available can all by others. This includes the business contribute to limiting accessibility. sector and greater corporate social responsibility and local involvement should )LJLQGLFDWHVKRZVLJQL¿FDQWSURSRUWLRQV be encouraged. of the county are physically remote from key services, primarily arising from its rural Key Transport Issues nature. People who live in rural areas with limited access to a car are often reliant on Residents who suffer from deprivation, public transport. as well as other vulnerable groups such as the elderly, disabled or young people, and Outside of the core bus network (Fig 8.5), people living in rural areas remote from and rail network (Fig 2.1) less populated local services are all susceptible to suffering areas of the county are not well served. from social exclusion. Transport plays a At present we support a number of non- key part in either reducing the risk of social core services designed to meet accessibility exclusion among these at risk groups, or needs in rural areas that are not served by compounding the issues they face. an interurban route. Fig 8.5: Map of Buckinghamshire’s Core Bus Network (as at 2010). There are two main layers to the Core Bus Network: Cohesive & Strong

Communities Accessibility Chapter 8: - Primary Routes (in red) are the network of services linking larger towns with principal urban Access to key services and local destinations centres, both inside the county and in adjoining areas. are critical to ensure healthy, productive Chapter 8: and enjoyable lifestyles. The main, key - Secondary Routes (in green) are the network of services linking larger villages and towns Communities Cohesive & Strong & Strong Cohesive services that people need to access include: with key areas of town centre activity.

154 155 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

The private car can ultimately provide the us and the four District Councils. To register work or training opportunities because of a elderly people become unable to drive and public with a way of accessing key goods with the scheme, members pay an annual lack of transport. experience general mobility problems they and services. However increased private fee and often access shopping facilities, ‡ 9ROXQWDU\ &DU 6FKHPHV XVH ORFDO can be susceptible to isolation and require FDUXVHOHDGVWRPRUHWUDI¿FDQGFRQJHVWLRQ employment, healthcare services and for resources to respond to local needs and aim additional support to access healthcare, that can cause real and perceived barriers VRFLDOUHFUHDWLRQDODFWLYLWLHV to provide door to door transport for people goods, services and leisure opportunities. to movement, and community severance. XQDEOHWRXVHRUDIIRUGSXEOLFWUDQVSRUWFDU More importantly greater car use shapes The three Buckinghamshire Dial-a-Rides ownership. 7KH%XFNV)RUXPWKDWUHSUHVHQWVWKH spatial planning with services locating to (Aylesbury Vale, Wycombe and Chiltern FRXQW\¶VHOGHUO\KDVLGHQWL¿HGWKHIROORZLQJ out of town areas and consolidating into and South Bucks) currently remain in a We have a very limited role in the above headline transport issues and challenges: fewer locations, exacerbating accessibility ¿QDQFLDOO\ XQVWDEOH SRVLWLRQ ZLWK OLPLWHG LQLWLDWLYHVEXWGRSURYLGH¿QDQFLDOVXSSRUW ‡8QGHUVWDQGDEOH  SXEOLF WUDQVSRUW issues for non car users. Greater private business and route planning expertise. to Community Impact Bucks, who play information is crucial. vehicle use will also result in fewer Dial-a-Ride services are fragmented and an essential role in their development. ‡7LPHWDEOHVDUHWRREXON\DQGKHDY\  people using public transport that may historically there has been poor planning Community Impact Bucks is an independent and not easy to read. ultimately undermine service viability due of routes and suitable vehicles that has charity which provides comprehensive ‡7KHWD[LFDUGLVQRWDYDLODEOHWRDOO  to the reduced level of patronage, thereby led to ‘overlaid’ transportation systems for support services to other charities, DQGVRPHWD[L¿UPVGRQRWDFFHSWLW compounding accessibility problems. students, health needs and older people. community groups, social enterprises or carry machines. and rural organisations throughout the ‡5XUDOEXVVHUYLFHFRYHUDJHUHTXLUHV  Unfortunately passenger numbers continue Community Transport: There are a county. It is also a volunteer centre, improvement, and restricts access to fall on many rural routes in the county number of Community Transport initiatives helping members of the public get involved to services and leisure and social leading to an increase in costs. The cost that currently exist across Buckinghamshire. in community activity. Some of its work activities. of maintaining the bus network across These initiatives include: includes facilitating, co-ordinating and ‡7KHUH  DUH SDUNLQJ SUREOHPV DW the county has escalated well above the ‡ &RPPXQLW\%XVHVDYDLODEOHWRKLUH UDLVLQJWKHSUR¿OHRIFRPPXQLW\WUDQVSRUW Wycombe and Stoke Mandeville UDWHRILQÀDWLRQ3URYLVLRQRIFRQYHQWLRQDO IRU QRQSUR¿WPDNLQJ FRPPXQLW\ JURXSV initiatives. Hospitals. bus services to serve low density, rural and offer regular bus services within the ‡ 7UDLQIDUHVDUHH[SHQVLYH locations no longer offers the most cost- area to local residents. Although Community Impact Bucks is ‡3XEOLFEXVHVDWVFKRROWLPHVDUH  effective means of providing accessibility to ‡

156 157 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

can curtail young people’s education, affect them: WUDI¿F VLJQV DQG WULPPLQJ YHJHWDWLRQ in delivering their own local services and to training, leisure, social and employment ‡,WZRXOGEHGHVLUDEOHLIEXVSDVVHV  obstructing footways. shape their own neighbourhoods; opportunities. could be used at any time (not just ‡ &\FOLQJ DQG ZDONLQJ LPSURYHPHQW ‡ 6XSSRUW JURXSV DQG ORFDO FRXQFLOV off peak). schemes: Local interest groups and that deliver local solutions to each part of The County and District Youth Cabinets that ‡,PSURYH  WKH DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ RI EXV FRXQFLOV KDYH LGHQWL¿HG LQLWLDWLYHV ZLWK XV Buckinghamshire’s diverse communities UHSUHVHQWRXU\RXQJSHRSOHKDYHLGHQWL¿HG passes and the replacement process. and secured locally sourced funding. and give the local community a greater say the following headline transport issues and ‡2Q  RFFDVLRQV WLFNHWV DUH QRW ‡ 7UDYHO SODQQLQJ /RFDO VFKRROV on the delivery of services; challenges that impact on them and their transferable between different businesses and communities have set up ‡ 0DNH WKH EHVW XVH RI FRPPXQLW\ opportunities public transport operators. WUDYHOSODQVZLWKRXUVXSSRUWDQGLGHQWL¿HG VWUHQJWKVWR¿QGORFDOVROXWLRQVDQG ‡&RVWV  RI SXEOLF WUDQVSRUW LQFUHDVHV ‡7KHUH  DUH GLIIHUHQW SULFHV RI EXV travel plan coordinators to drive their ‡ %H PRUH DFFHSWLQJ RI ULVN PRUH at age 16 and these may not be journey between operators for the success. encouraging of social action and be open to affordable. same route. ‡ &DVXDOW\ UHGXFWLRQ  &RPPXQLW\ new ideas, and actively develop new ways ‡7KH  TXDOLW\ RI WKH SXEOLF WUDQVSRUW ‡ 8QUHOLDELOLW\RIEXVHV Speedwatch (see case study on page of doing things with the local community environment (including bus ‡$FFHVVLELOLW\RIEXVVWRSVSDUWLFXODUO\  128), Make the Commitment Campaign wherever possible. cleanliness) can be bad for in rural areas, is a concern (e.g. (where motorists make a personal written asthmatics. footway condition, safety of bus commitment to drive, or encourage others This work will support the transport service ‡&\FOLVWVVKDULQJEXVODQHVLQFUHDVHV  stop waiting area). to drive, at an appropriate speed) and enhancements countywide, but should the nervousness of cyclists. ‡7LPHWDEOHV  FDQ EH GLI¿FXOW WR Approved Driving Instructors (who develop be particularly helpful in rural areas that ‡6RPHWLPHV\RXQJSHRSOHFDQEHSXW  understand. local safety initiatives within their own traditionally feel marginalised. Many off from going into further education ‡%XVVWRSVQHHGQDPHVWKDWDUHHDV\  community) are all examples. transport improvements are delivered FROOHJHVDQGRU¿QGLQJMREVEHFDXVH to read and understandable. ‡ /RFDO $UHD 7HFKQLFLDQV +LJKZD\ in urban areas due population density of accessibility issues. ‡7KHUHPRYDORISDUWLFXODUEXVURXWHV  maintenance technicians are assigned to and because they are typically funded ‡&KHDS  IDUHV FDQQRW EH XVHG WR has created confusion. areas of the county, and are familiar to by urban developers through developer access education as they start at ‡:RXOGOLNHDQHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHEXV  the local parish councils so they can be contributions. 9.00am. passes for trains. responsive to local maintenance issues. ‡/DFN  RI F\FOLQJ SURYLVLRQ DW VFKRRO ‡2\VWHU  FDUGV VKRXOG EH XVHDEOH DW and education events. Aylesbury and Wycombe stations. Building on this existing work, over the course of this Plan, we will seek to: As a result, public transport, accessibility The Big Society and Transportation ‡ $FWLYHO\ VXSSRUW FLWL]HQV ZKR WDNH and sustainable travel were ranked of responsibility for themselves and their higher importance than any other transport Having embraced the Localism agenda community; issues by this group. over recent years, we already support and ‡ +DYH FRQ¿GHQFH LQ WKH YROXQWDU\ HQDEOHWKHORFDOFRPPXQLW\LQLQÀXHQFLQJ and community sector to play an active role People with disabilities and mental or delivering transport services in the health issues: The DDA brought in county. Notable examples of how we do PHDVXUHVLQFOXGLQJORZÀRRUEXVHVWKDWDUH this include: accessible to people with mobility issues. ‡ 'HOHJDWHGEXGJHWV VHHFDVHVWXG\ There are still improvements to be made on page 36) LAFs decide on local bids for to other parts of our transport network not scheme funding that will otherwise not be just the physical infrastructure but also, for delivered. Cohesive & Strong example, access to travel information that ‡ 'HYROYHG PDLQWHQDQFH VHUYLFHV Communities Chapter 8: can cause accessibility barriers. (see case study on page 37) a number of local councils (parish and town) have taken The Learning and Disabilities Partnership the opportunity to undertake activities, Chapter 8: %RDUG LGHQWL¿HG WKH IROORZLQJ KHDGOLQH that are not normally prioritised by us as Communities transport issues and challenges which strategically important, such as cleaning & Strong Cohesive

158 159 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Transport Objectives QHHGV RI WKHVH GLVDGYDQWDJHGSRWHQWLDOO\ disadvantaged groups. These people will Objective: Encourage and support the delivery and planning of local transport services Our approach to supporting Cohesive and be disadvantaged socio-economically or by local groups, communities and individuals Strong Communities is two pronged. Firstly because they live in areas remote from we will focus on improving accessibility with services and have limited access to private Summary: In the interests of contributing to the Government’s Big Society vision we WKLV WDUJHWHG WR EHQH¿W JURXSV VXIIHULQJ transport. want to encourage and support local individuals, community groups, locally elected deprivation or vulnerable groups at risk of bodies, businesses, voluntary and charity groups to get involved in both the planning suffering deprivation and social exclusion The second element of our approach will of local transport services and improvements and their delivery. Not only could this who face accessibility barriers. Hence two focus on encouraging the development of contribute to other Plan objectives, but could result in a greater interest in local transport of our objectives focus explicitly on the the Big Society in the county. issues, and a greater sense of personal responsibility over transport problems.

Aim: A continuous increase during each year of the Plan in the number of locally delivered transport schemes and services. Objective: Enable disadvantaged people to access employment sites and opportunities. How We Will Measure Success Summary: Addressing transport related accessibility barriers to employment opportunities The annual number of reported transport schemes or services being delivered using for those that are at risk of social deprivation and exclusion, either due to their geographic locally derived funding or resources. ORFDWLRQDJHHWKQLFLW\¿QDQFLDOPHDQVRUGLVDELOLW\$Q\LPSURYHPHQWVZLOOEHFORVHO\FR ordinated with the work of partners who are able to provide improved access to services. Our Approach diversions for the local community. Aim: Disadvantaged people and job seekers within Buckinghamshire to have improved The following section summarises our Devolved maintenance budgets allow local access to jobs and employment, contributing to a better quality of life and reduced social approach to addressing challenges to councils to prioritise minor maintenance exclusion. delivering truly Cohesive and Strong activities, important locally, that are not &RPPXQLWLHVXQGHUWKH¿YHEURDGGHOLYHU\ SULRULWLVHG DV VWUDWHJLFDOO\ VLJQL¿FDQW RQ How We Will Measure Success activities. a county wide basis. This gives local Accessibility to employment opportunities data. members more ownership of the work Delivering Maintenance conducted in their area and can boost resident satisfaction. Current devolved Those with disabilities may experience maintenance activities include: barriers to access, especially in terms ‡5HPRYDO  RI À\ SRVWHUV DQG RWKHU Objective: Enable disadvantaged people to access key services and facilities of a poor quality walking environment. illegal signs Good quality surfaces are required to ‡$SSURYDORIFKDULW\HYHQWDGYHUWLVLQJ  Summary: Addressing transport related accessibility barriers to town centres, healthcare, accommodate the needs of wheelchair signage food stores, leisure opportunities, green spaces and education for those that are at risk users. We will prioritise the maintenance ‡ &OHDQLQJRIWUDI¿FVLJQV of social deprivation and exclusion, either due to their geographic location, age, ethnicity, of footways and crossings based on their ‡0LQRUWUDI¿FVLJQUHSDLUV HJ¿[LQJ  ¿QDQFLDOPHDQVRUGLVDELOLW\$Q\LPSURYHPHQWVZLOOEHFORVHO\FRRUGLQDWHGZLWKWKH QHWZRUN KLHUDUFK\ FODVVL¿FDWLRQ ZLWK loose clips) work of partners who are able to provide improved access to services. special consideration given to those areas ‡7ULPPLQJ  YHJHWDWLRQ REVWUXFWLQJ that accommodate high numbers of elderly pavements and footpaths Aim: Disadvantaged people within Buckinghamshire to have improved access to key UHVLGHQWV DQG WKRVH ZLWK YLVXDO DQGRU ‡6HUYLQJ  KHGJH FXWWLQJ QRWLFHV RI

Cohesive & Strong services and facilities, contributing to a better quality of life and reduced social exclusion. mobility impairment. frontages Communities

Chapter 8: ‡&KHFNLQJ  IRU REVWUXFWLRQV WR How We Will Measure Success In addition we will seek to maintain structural pavements and footpaths Accessibility data for town centres, further education sites, GP’s surgeries, hospitals, and links that are already in place that connect ‡/LDLVRQ  ZLWK WKH RXU ORFDO DUHD

food stores. two parts of a community (e.g. bridges), technician on highway related issues Chapter 8: ZKLFK LI FORVHG FDQ UHVXOW LQ VLJQL¿FDQW Communities WKDWUHTXLUHRXUDGYLFHDQGRUDFWLRQ & Strong Cohesive

160 161 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

During the course of this Plan we will seek to It is essential that we continue to encourage Sustainable Travel Strategy Summary – Bus and Passenger Transport increase the number of councils involved in special schools (and pupils with special this process, and review additional activities educational needs in other schools) to This section of the Sustainable Travel Strategy looks at the future of bus service provision in that could be delegated. This could include become involved in travel planning work. the county and build on the work completed over the past few years with stakeholders and street cleaning, green asset maintenance Most of these pupils are transported to local communities that has been examining the future for rural transport provision. and inspections of some transport assets. school by means such as taxis; the travel planning work must focus on providing We believe that the existing bus services no longer offer the most cost effective way of To enhance levels of winter maintenance in them with the skills to help them to travel providing rural communities with access to key services. The Bus and Passenger Transport the county we will encourage and support independently. This will enable them to Strategy will therefore outline: the treatment of snow and ice on the GHYHORSWKHVNLOOVDQGFRQ¿GHQFHQHHGHGWR ‡+RZEHVWWRGHYHORSDQGUHWDLQWKHFRUHEXVQHWZRUNRIXUEDQDQ  GLQWHUXUEDQEXV footway and road network, not covered by prepare them for leading more independent services. our own operations. Through guidance and lives once they leave education. ‡$UHYLHZRIKRZPXFK¿QDQFLDOVXSSRUWZHSURYLGHWRVXEVLGLVHG  EXVVHUYLFHVZKLFK the supply of salt to communities who own include many evening, weekend and rural services. a salt bin, we hope to be able to encourage Delivering Management and Tackling ‡+RZ  ZH FDQ FRPELQH VHSDUDWH FRQWUDFWV WKDW FXUUHQWO\ SURYLGH KRPH WR VFKRRO local people, businesses and farmers to Congestion transport, adult social care transport, special educational needs transport, and NHS improve travel conditions during extreme QRQHPHUJHQF\SDWLHQWWUDQVSRUWVHUYLFHWRSURYLGHDPRUHHI¿FLHQWV\VWHP winter weather within their local areas. To provide an attractive alternative to ‡+RZ  EHVW WR VXSSRUW ORFDOO\ SURYLGHG FRPPXQLW\ WUDQVSRUW VHUYLFHV DORQJVLGH private car use, in the interests of reducing Community Impact Bucks. Encouraging Behaviour Change WUDI¿FDQGFDWHULQJIRUWKHQHHGVRISHRSOH ‡2YHUDOOKRZDFFHVVLELOLW\QHHGVFRXOGEHEHWWHUPHWWKURXJKDF  RPELQDWLRQRIVFKHGXOHG without access to a car we will continue traditional bus services, demand responsive transport and community transport. We will facilitate the promotion of active to support a Core Bus Network of urban ‡+RZSXEOLFWUDQVSRUWVHUYLFHLQIRUPDWLRQSURYLVLRQFDQEHPDGH  UHDGLO\DYDLODEOHDQG travel amongst the ageing population as and inter-urban bus services. Subject to accessible. it is important for maintaining personal resources we will support these services ‡,GHQWLI\RWKHULQQRYDWLYHDFFHVVLELOLW\VROXWLRQVDQGWKHUROH  WKH\FRXOGSOD\7KHVH mobility and health. We will support the to enable private bus operators to provide could include shared taxis, post buses, powered two wheelers (P2W) promotion of walking and cycling as a attractive and comprehensive services ‡7KHSRWHQWLDOUROHRISDUNDQGULGHLQWKHFRXQW\DQGWKHORFDW  LRQRIWUDQVSRUWKXEV low cost alternative to the car as this will within and between the main urban centres. multi modal interchanges. DOVRSURYLGHKHDOWKEHQH¿WV,QDGGLWLRQ ‡ 7KHQHHGIRUDQ\IXUWKHUEXVSULRULW\PHDVXUHV we will encourage targeted promotion Beyond the core bus network we will ‡3DUWQHUVKLSZRUNLQJZLWKQHLJKERXULQJDXWKRULWLHVDQGVHUYLFHR  SHUDWRUVWRLPSURYH and improved transport information that implement our Sustainable Travel Strategy interurban services, and express coach services. will encourage the use of appropriate (see case study) to cater for the needs of sustainable modes. people who are not well served by the core The detail of this proposed Bus and Passenger Transport Strategy will be subject to a bus network, and who would otherwise separate consultation, where people will be able to comment on the proposals. We will continue to develop our successful struggle to access key services. As far as school travel planning work that encourages possible we will aim to target our support young people to travel sustainably across for non-core public transport provision From April 2011 we will administer the fare schemes may be considered to help the county. This will not only help to WRZDUGV WKRVH LGHQWL¿HG DV WKH PRVW nationwide concessionary travel scheme for those most in need and reduce accessibility improve health, but will also develop vital vulnerable by the local communities and the elderly and disabled, having formally barriers created by the affordability of independence skills and travel awareness through the analysis of data. been administered by the District Councils. travel. amongst young people that they will retain )RUHOGHUO\SHRSOHWKLVEHQH¿WLVGXHWRULVH Cohesive & Strong throughout life. Building on our travel plan Communities in line with changes to the pensionable age. We will continue to work with local Chapter 8: successes to date, notably with schools, In addition to this scheme we currently run communities to develop plans for local we will encourage more business and a ‘Citizen Card’ concessionary travel scheme walking and cycle routes and initiatives, community travel plans, and the number of for young people aged 16 or 17. If funds with communities able to procure the Chapter 8: associated travel plan coordinators who can allow we will look to continue this over the delivery of schemes through ourselves. Communities Cohesive & Strong & Strong Cohesive champion the travel plan and work closely Plan period. Other targeted concessionary with us to maintain the impact of the plans. 162 163 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Supporting New Infrastructure this service to ensure that information can The voluntary and community sector will local issues. The county’s thriving voluntary be accessed via the web, text messaging or play an essential role in the building of and community sector will be supported to We support the creation of an attractive at around 100 bus stop display units sited stronger sustainable communities. It is provide community led transport solutions walking and cycling environment that is around the county. important that communities work together that will be an integral part of our public compliant with disability standards. The to identify and provide local solutions for transport strategy (see case study). ROW network and canal towpaths have Partnership Working an important role to play in such networks contributing to local accessibility levels. We will work with relevant partners and Case Study: Princes Risborough Community Bus The rights of way team strives to increase transport service providers to address the participation in outdoor recreation for priorities of the emerging Child Poverty The Challenge people of all abilities. They seek to achieve Strategy and the Buckinghamshire Children a network as accessible as possible by and Young People’s Plan (2011-2014). The The need for accessible public transport, particularly in more rural areas away from our the removal of barriers, such as stiles, priorities in this plan that transport can VXFFHVVIXOFRUHEXVVHUYLFHVLVDPDMRULVVXHDFURVVWKHFRXQW\:LWKVLJQL¿FDQWUHGXFWLRQV improvement of surfaces and ramping contribute to are: to the funding available to subsidise bus services alternative options are required to meet of steps. The Simply Walk co-ordinator ‡ &ORVLQJWKH*DS±ZRUNLQJZLWKWKH local needs. manages 51 health walks, with 1,200 children and young people who most need participants walking at least three times extra support – to improve their learning at The Solution per month around the county, contributing VFKRROFROOHJHDQGWKHLUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI We have supported a local community group in Princes Risborough who have established VLJQL¿FDQWO\ WR LPSURYHPHQWV LQ KHDOWK how to be healthy and where to get help if a community bus running timetabled services to meet local needs using volunteer drivers. wellbeing and social isolation. Some groups they need it. Support has been given through the LAF, by securing external grant funding and releasing have actively raised money to install easy ‡ 7UDQVLWLRQV±SURYLGLQJH[WUDVXSSRUW developer contributions to start the project. accessible gates along routes they use. to children and young people at times of Drop crossings and kerbing will be used change in their lives, such as: starting The Outcome along with appropriate pedestrian crossing school; changing school; moving from provisions to enhance the walking and primary to secondary school; moving from Bus services are now available in Princes Risborough cycling network. secondary school to further education, to meet local needs without a requirement for training or employment; when family ongoing public subsidy. Following the success of We will work with partners to ensure arrangements change (e.g. when parents the Princes Risborough Community Bus, we will public transport waiting areas and modal divorce or a parent dies). actively support other communities to develop interchanges are attractive and secure ‡ &KLOGUHQ DQG \RXQJ SHRSOH DQG similar schemes and business cases using this to meet the needs of all travellers. We decision making – using the opinions and model as a realistic and cost effective way to meet will continue to prioritise and maintain ideas of children and young people to make their local transport needs. the county’s bus stops, including their sure the services provided for them are information displays. what they really want and need. We will continue to support community solutions to accessibility problems, and transport in line with the principles of Big best practice nationally and internationally. An assessment will be undertaken during We will work with the Adult and Family Society and through close partnership Together with our four District Councils the period of the Plan to determine the most Well-Being service at the County Council ZRUNLQJ ZLWK WKH 5XUDO 7UDQVSRUW 2I¿FHU we will provide support to the three appropriate way to deliver the necessary and support appropriate partners, such as within Community Impact Bucks who Dial-a-Rides and work with them on the travel information to the general public. At Age UK, to ensure elderly persons opinions offers support to local communities implementation of the bus and passenger present, we produce high quality printed and DUHKHDUGDQGLQÀXHQFHGHOLYHU\:HZLOO Cohesive & Strong wishing to develop voluntary car, hospital transport strategy. web based timetables and journey planners encourage the local community to address Communities

Chapter 8: car and community bus schemes. We and co-ordinate information and departures issues, particularly for those with a disability, will support the development of existing Our strong responsive links with the local from the bus stations in Aylesbury and needing access to healthcare or in danger successful community transport schemes community will be maintained through the High Wycombe. A countywide Real Time of social isolation. We will also support Chapter 8:

and encourage more of these. We will use of designated area technicians. In Communities Passenger Information system has been partners to ensure services are delivered

also explore with partners innovative new addition, a proportion of our budget will & Strong Cohesive implemented and we are keen to improve to the home wherever possible, especially where transport can not be provided. 164 165 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

continue to be delegated to local community Future interventions and solutions to †3OHDVHQRWHWKDWWKHVHDUHGUDIW¿JXUHVDQGDUHVXEMHFWWRDSSURYDOIURPWKH%XFNV6WUDWHJLF3DUWQHUVKLS representative groups to address their non- improve accessibility are increasingly likely (BSP). They must be used alongside the guides to using the projections which will be realised when strategic local priorities (see page 37 for to involve the provision of non-transport the projections are adopted by the BSP (expected April 2011) - for more information see: www. devolved services case study) services, such as mobile, home delivery EXFNLQJKDPVKLUHSDUWQHUVKLSJRYXNSDUWQHUVKLS%633XEOLFB+RPHSDJH and ICT-linked services. In addition, we We will work closely with our neighbouring will work with partners to support the These projections model how many people can live in each area according to its planned level of housing growth. Note the large developments previously planned in Aylesbury Vale were not included in these local authorities to tackle local accessibility delivery of broadband and communication ¿JXUHVDQGWKDWWKHSRSXODWLRQRIWKLVGLVWULFWZRXOGEHVXEVWDQWLDOO\KLJKHULIDODUJHVFDOHGHYHORSPHQW issues, and in the effective provision technology improvements to enhance were to be built. Also note that increases or decreases in the population vary from area to area and that and dissemination of public transport access to services. WKHRYHUDOOWUHQGFDQ WEHDSSOLHGXQLIRUPO\WRDOOWRZQVYLOODJHV information. Some of the county’s services, such as its hospitals, serve wide We will work closely with internal and catchment areas, and we will need to external public sector partners in the work with neighbouring authorities on the planning of local services to maintain levels development and implementation of our of local service provision and accessibility Sustainable Travel Strategy, so the access to these. We will also work with partners needs of all users of the county’s services to improve environmentally sustainable are considered. It is essential that we access to countryside leisure destinations continue to proactively support the county’s and other visitor attractions. bus and rail service operators to provide accurate and accessible transport journey information to meet the needs of all users. Cohesive & Strong Communities Chapter 8:

166 167 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Glossary and Acronyms

TERM ACRONYM DESCRIPTION Aylesbury Vale District AVDC Local district authority for the Aylesbury Council Vale $&ODVVL¿FDWLRQ ACORN A geo-demographic information system Of Residential categorising all United Kingdom Big Society A central government programme that Neighbourhoods postcodes into various types based aims to empower local people and upon census data and other information communities such as lifestyle surveys Bike It A scheme run by Sustrans where cycling Accessibility The availability and ease of reaching RI¿FHUVZRUNGLUHFWO\ZLWKVFKRROVZKR goods, services and activities. want to increase cycling levels Activity Prioritisation APT The tool used to assess the contribution Bikeability $F\FOLQJWUDLQLQJDQGSUR¿FLHQF\ Tool of county council transport schemes scheme for children and parents to (amongst other things) the LTP administered by Cycle England objectives Biodiversity Biodiversity is the degree of variation of Air Quality Action Plan AQAP A set of actions aimed at improving air life forms within a given ecosystem or quality in an AQMA area Air Quality Management AQMA A District Council declared area where British Transport Police Responsible for policing railways and Areas minimum national standards of air light railways in Great Britain quality are currently or predicted not to Buckinghamshire County BCC County Council and transport authority be met Council for Buckinghamshire Amey Plc A private organisation who are part Buckinghamshire BSP The over-arching partnership for of Transport for Buckinghamshire Strategic Partnership Buckinghamshire. It draws together delivering the Client Transport function the work of all the key public sector, Annual Transportation ATS An annual transportation survey business and voluntary partners in the Survey of a representative sample of the area to deliver the agreed priorities for Buckinghamshire population the county Area of Outstanding AONB A precious landscape whose distinctive Bucks Air Quality BAQMG A partnership body providing Natural Beauty character and natural beauty are so Management Group countywide air quality steer consisting outstanding that it is in the nation's RIRI¿FHUUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVIURP$\OHVEXU\ interest to safeguard them Vale District Council, Buckinghamshire County Council, Chiltern District Council, Automatic Number Plate ANPR Camera technology which identify South Bucks District Council, Wycombe Recognition vehicles using their registration plates District Council and Milton Keynes Aylesbury Quality AQNP A Partnership between the County District Network Partnership Council and Arriva that looks to provide Bucks Business First A lobbying organisation and "think- a more integrated network with better tank", bringing together the private bus conditions and single ticketing sector, public authorities and the operations community to ensure Buckinghamshire Aylesbury Vale AVA A partnership formed from between remains a thriving and prosperous place Advantage Aylesbury Vale District Council, in which to live and work (formerly Buckinghamshire District Council, the called BELP) Vale of Aylesbury Primary Care Trust, Bucks Economic BELP See BBF English Partnerships and the former Learning Partnership South East England Development Agency. AVA is responsible for Built Environment The human-made surroundings that establishing partnerships and provide the setting for human activity developing initiatives that will promote Bus Punctuality BPIP A partnership between the County Aylesbury and the local area. Improvement Council and bus operators to improve Partnership bus punctuality

168 169 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Business Planning The process undertaken by business Core Strategy Sets the key principles of the District Process units within TfB to plan their Council Local Development Framework programme of works for the next Corporate Plan The 4 year plan that sets out the year(s) strategic objectives of the County Business Units The individual work areas within TfB Council. Capital Settlement Funding to be spent on infrastructure Creating Growth; Local transport white paper released in improvements and renewing capital Cutting Carbon - Making 2011 by the Government assets (e.g. road maintenance) Sustainable Local Car Club $VFKHPHZKHUHDFRPPXQLW\VFKHPH Transport Happen members have access to a shared Cycle Demonstration A designation which Aylesbury vehicle which can be used on a pay as Town EHQH¿WWHGIURPZKHUHH[WUDIXQGLQJ you go basis was granted by Government to invest in Cat/Category 1 potholes Potholes which are considered serious cycling infrastructure and promotions enough to be rated "dangerous" and Cycle England Independent public body established are in need of emergency attention in 2005 by the DfT. Works to get Chiltern District Council Local district authority for Chilterns more people cycling by allocating Client Transport The Service area currently managed central government grant funding, and by Amey Plc on behalf of the County promoting cycling provision and best Council - includes Home to school, practice Special Educational Needs and Adult Delegated Budgets Funding provided by the County Council Social Care transport to Local Area Forums for schemes to Community Impact CIB Rural Community Council for meet their local priorities Bucks Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes Delivering a Sustainable DaSTS White Paper produced in 2008 by the who work on community development Transport System Labour government in conjunction with the voluntary sector. Demand Responsive DRT Public transport (bus, taxi or taxi-bus) Community CIL Legislation which enables public Transport that is available on request rather than Infrastructure Levy services and local communities to obtain UXQQLQJWRD¿[HGWLPHWDEOH ¿QDQFLDOFRQWULEXWLRQVIURPSULYDWH Department for DEFRA Government department developments Environment, Food and Community Safety A partnership between local authorities, Rural Affairs Partnership the Thames Valley Police and other key Department for DfT Government Department partners to help tackle crime Transport Community Transport Transport schemes run by the Developer contributions Funding from private developers community to help local people access to mitigate the impact of their key goods and services development Conservation Areas Designated areas which are afforded Development Plan DPD District Local Development Framework protection due to their special Document document which sit below the architectural or historic interest overarching core strategy Core bus network The county urban and inter-urban bus Devolved Maintenance Local maintenance activities and network that operates at a regular Services funding previously delivered by the frequency on most days of the week County Council but passed to local Core Functions The activities that TfB consider to be councils to undertake its minimum level of service, including Dial-a-ride Demand responsive transport service statutory and legal functions and DLPHGDWVSHFL¿FJURXSVVXFKDVSHRSOH other responsibilities and political with disabilities or those living in remote commitments areas Disability Discrimination DDA Legislation to ensure equality of access Act to premises, services and facilities for people with disabilities 170 171 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

East West Rail EWR A proposed rail scheme that will connect Habitat Regulations HRA A requirement of European law that Reading to Ipswich via Oxford, Milton Assessment DLPVWRHQVXUHWKDWSXEOLFSROLFLHV Keynes and Cambridge, and include a VWUDWHJLHVGRQRWKDYHDVLJQL¿FDQW spur to Aylesbury adverse effect on sensitive habitat sites, Equality Impact EQIA Also known as an Impact, Needs and including Special Areas of Conservation, Assessment Requirement Assessment (INRA), is (SAC), and Special Protection Areas a way to make sure individuals and (SPA) teams think carefully about the likely Health Impact HIA A process used to consider the potential social impact of policies or procedures, Assessment KHDOWKLPSDFWVRIDSXEOLFSROLF\ strategies, functions and services, strategy to identify any unmet needs, and to Heavy Goods Vehicles HGV Goods vehicles (i.e. lorries) with a provide a basis for action to improve maximum allowed mass (MAM) over 3.5 services where appropriate tonnes. Replaced by the new LGV term. Floor Authority A term which describes authorities Highways Agency HA Executive Agency of the Department for like Buckinghamshire County Council Transport (DfT), and is responsible for who are permitted by Government to operating, maintaining and improving borrow money which the Government the strategic road network in England will pay additional revenue funding on behalf of the Secretary of State for to in future years to contribute to the Transport interest and repayment of the loan Home to school transport One of the functions performed by our (supported borrowing), but where the Client Transport Service - catering for extra revenue funding the Government trips to schools LVSUHSDUHGWRJUDQWLVLQVXI¿FLHQWWR cover the full costs of the borrowed Information ICT sum, resulting in a net additional cost Communication incurred by the authority Technology *RYHUQPHQW2I¿FHIRU GOSE )RUPHUUHJLRQDOJRYHUQPHQWRI¿FH Killed or Seriously KSI A level of injury sustained in road the South East Injured FROOLVLRQVGH¿QHGE\QDWLRQDOVWDQGDUGV Grant funding Funding (usually from central Light Goods Vehicles LGV Goods vehicles (i.e. lorries) with a government) that does not have to be maximum allowed mass (MAM) over 3.5 paid back tonnes. Replaces the older HGV term. Green Belt A land use designation used in land Local Area Forum LAF A partnership of local councils and use planning to retain areas of largely organisations which work together to undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land tackle local issues and address local surrounding or neighbouring urban priorities. areas Local Area Technicians LATs Local County Council point of contact Gross Domestic Product GDP Refers to the market value of all goods for transportation issues in each Local and services produced within a country Area in a given period Local Development LDF A District Council suite of documents Gross Value Added GVA A measure in economics of the value of Framework that outlines local planning policy goods and services produced in an area, Local Economic LEA An annual assessment of the local industry or sector of an economy Assessment economy conducted by the County Growth Area Funding GAF A central government grant scheme Council DYDLODEOHWRSUHYLRXVO\GH¿QHGJURZWK Local Enterprise LEP A partnership representing a region areas of the UK. Partnerships that is responsible for providing strategic leadership within their areas, to set out local economic priorities and inform planning and housing, local transport and infrastructure priorities, employment and enterprise and the transition to the low-carbon economy 172 173 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Local Investment LIA Part of the Local Investment Planning Rail Franchise Operators Private sector organisations who Agreement process, where infrastructure schemes operate rail services (including Chiltern are prioritised for investment Rail, London Midland, First Great Local Investment Plan LIP Outlines and integrates the long term Western and Virgin) housing, economic development and Real Time Passenger RTPI Public transport information delivered strategic infrastructure plans Information electronically in “real time” as opposed Local Transport Areas LTA The 9 Local Areas that Buckinghamshire to traditional printed timetable has been broken down into for local information transport planning Regional Spatial Plan The previous overarching land use Local Transport Plan 2 LTP 2 The previous Local Transport Plan planning framework for regions in Local Transport Plan 3 LTP3 This Local Transport Plan – England Buckinghamshire County Council’s third. Reliabilty (bus) Refers to the journey time reliability of Localism Bill Proposed Act of Parliament to change the bus. A measure of how reliable the the powers of local government in service is to arrive at a certain location England. at a certain time LTP Implementation The annual delivery plan for the LTP Rights of Way ROWIP County Council action plan to improve Plan Strategy Improvement Plan the Rights of Way network Major Development Area MDA /DQGVHWDVLGHIRUVLJQL¿FDQW Ringway Jacobs A private organisation who are part development of Transport for Buckinghamshire and provide professional and operational Masternaut A Fleet monitoring information tool that transport services tracks TfB vehicles across the network Road user charging A system such as the London National Cycle Network A network of cycle routes across Congestion Charge that charges England created by Sustrans motorists to use certain parts of the National Health Service NHS road network at certain times of day Neighbourhood Plans Plans developed by local communities School Travel Plan STP Travel Plan produced by schools that to tack local issues implements measures to increase the Network Hierarchy A framework for the prioritisation of the number of pupils travelling to school by highway network based on the function sustainable means. and importance of individual sections. Service Information SIC Transport for Buckinghamshire’s website 3DUWRIRXUWUDI¿FPDQDJHPHQWGXW\ Centre Network Rail Railway infrastructure owner (replaced Shared Space $QXUEDQKLJKZD\GHVLJQDSSURDFK Railtrack). which reduces real and perceived Primary Public Transport PPTCs Highway corridors which have been barriers between highway users (e.g. Corridors LGHQWL¿HGDVLPSRUWDQWEXVURXWHV motorists, pedestrians and cyclists) with appropriate bus priority measures often in the interests of road safety, LQVWDOOHGDQGWUDI¿FPDQDJHPHQWWR DFFHVVLELOLW\DQGRULPSURYHGSXEOLF EHQH¿WWKHLUMRXUQH\WLPHVDQGUHOLDELOLW\ realm Priority Congestion PCMC A section of highway which has been 6LWHVRI6SHFLDO6FLHQWL¿F SSSI Conservation designation denoting a Management Corridor prioritised for initiatives to reduce Interest protected area in the United Kingdom. congestion and improve journey time South Bucks District Local district authority for South Bucks reliability on its route Council Public realm Areas to which the public have open Special Education Needs SEN Children who face barriers to their access, used primarily in this plan to learning who often require additional describe the appearance of public educational intervention to support their spaces and streets learning Quality Bus Partnership QBP A voluntary (or statutory) partnership Speed Limit Review SLR Review of speed limits across the between a local authority and bus county to ensure a consistent approach operators to jointly invest in improving that meets community needs the quality of travel by public transport

174 175 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Strategic Environmental SEA A way of ensuring that environmental Transport for TfB Alliance formed between the Strategic Assessment issues have been taken into Buckinghamshire Client (Buckinghamshire County consideration when developing public Council), Ringway Jacobs and Amey, SROLF\VWUDWHJ\ to provide all Transportation services Strategic Road/highway The major highways that link cities, delivered by the County Council as the Network areas of population, ports and airports Local Transport Authority Superfast Broadband Internet connectivity with speeds in Transport Symposia A range of events held with local excess of 8mb members and stakeholders to give Sustainable Communities SCS Sets out a shared partnership vision an opportunity to help shape local Strategy for Buckinghamshire in 2026, the transport planning challenges to this and the overall TRANstat Name of the performance management approach to overcome them regime within the County Council Sustainable Fuel Physical measures required to cater for Transportation Service. Infrastructure the needs of new vehicle technology Travel Plan A plan which outlines a number of which produce reduced levels of measures to increase sustainable travel harmful emissions (e.g. Electric Vehicle choices. Plans can cover schools, Charging points) businesses, residential areas or Sustrans Sustainable transport charity, who individual people (personalised) among other things manage the 8UEDQ7UDI¿F UTMC The integrated use of technology to National Cycle Network. Management & Control EHWWHUPDQDJHDQGPRQLWRUWUDI¿F Thames Valley Refers to a region following the through, among other things, the use of river Thames from Oxfordshire to variable message signs, real time public West London, including the south of WUDQVSRUWLQIRUPDWLRQWUDI¿FFRXQWHUV Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Hampshire WUDI¿FVLJQDOV&&79DQG$135FDPHUDV and Surrey Vehicle Activated Sign VAS 7UDI¿FVLJQVWKDWDUHWULJJHUHGE\ Thames Valley Police TVP The Local Police Authority for vehicles movements Buckinghamshire Virgin Material 0DWHULDO XVHGIRUURDGEXLOGLQJ Total Place Launched at Budget 2009 as a key maintenance) that has not been used recommendation of the Operational before (I¿FLHQF\3URJUDPPH2XWOLQHV Voluntary Community VCS A term for all local voluntary and EHQH¿WVRI*RYHUQPHQWFRPPLWPHQWV Sector community organisations in an area on de-ringfencing and streamlining Winter Maintenance Interventions to help ensure the funding, and reducing burdens on local transport network continues to function authorities. during times of disruption caused by 7UDI¿F&DOPLQJ Physical techniques used to lower snow and ice vehicular speeds - includes chicanes and Wycombe District WDC Local district authority for Wycombe road humps, but also use of lighting, Council white lining and other engineering techniques Transport Asset TAMP Plan for the maintenance and Management Plan management of all County Council highway assets Transport Capacity The number of vehicles and vehicle trips that a transport network (road or rail) can support.

176 177 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE’S LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN 2011-2016

Bibliography DfT Ultra-low carbon cars: Next steps on delivering the 2010 £250 million consumer incentive programme for electric and plug-in hybrid cars BAQMG Buckinghamshire Air Quality Management Group, DfT Reforming Rail Franchising 2010 :HE6LWHZZZEXFNVDLUTXDOLW\QHW DfT A Safer Way, making Britain’s Roads the Safest in 2009 BCC Buckinghamshire Local Economic Assessment 2010 the world BCC Delivering a sustainable transport system, Milton 2010 DfT Delivering a Sustainable Transport System, 2008 Keynes Aylesbury Vale: interim report (DaSTS) BCC Corporate Plan Draft 2011-2013 2011 DfT Transport's Role in Sustaining the UK's Productivity 2006 BCC Annual Transportation Survey 2010 and Competitiveness. The Eddington Transport BCC Buckinghamshire Local Economic Assessment 2010 Study BCC Residents Survey 2007 DfT Smarter Choices, Changing the Way We Travel 2005 BCC /RFDO7UDQVSRUW3ODQ 2006 DfT DfT, Climate Change – The UK Programme 2000 BSP Buckinghamshire Child Poverty Needs Assessment 2010 DfT The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, 2000 BSP Buckinghamshire Partnership: Children and 2010 Wales and Northern Ireland Young People’s Plan (2011-2014) www. DfT A New Approach to Transport Appraisal 1998 EXFNLQJKDPVKLUHSDUWQHUVKLSJRYXNSDUWQHUVKLS DfT 'I75RDG7UDI¿F6WDWLVWLFV YDULRXV KWWSZZZ &<37SODQFKLOGB\RXQJBSHRSOHVBYHUVLRQ GIWJRYXNSJUVWDWLVWLFV page?collection=bcc DfT 'I77(0352YSURJGDWDVHWKWWSZZZ BSP Sustainable Community Strategy. www. 2009 GIWJRYXNWHPSUR buckinghamshirepartnership.gov.uk East West Rail ZZZHDVWZHVWUDLORUJXNURXWHPDSV Bucks PCT Buckinghamshire Primary Care Trust. Website: Healthy A healthy Communities Strategy for 2009 ZZZEXFNVSFWQKVXN Communities Buckinghamshire 2009 -2014 CACI $FRUQ'HPRJUDSKLFVZZZFDFLFRXN$&251DVS[ Partnership CDC Local Development Framework, Core Strategy for 2011 HM Child Poverty Act 2010 Chiltern District, Submission Document Government Chiltern North-south rail links in Buckinghamshire: Report 2008 HM Equality Act 2010 Railways for Buckinghamshire County Council Government Chiltern Evergreen 3, Web Site, www.chiltern-evergreen3. HM Flood and Water Management Act 2010 Railways FRXN Government CIHT Manual for Streets 2 - Wider Application of the 2010 HM Localism Bill 2010 Principles, a companion guide to Manual for Streets Government CPRE Buckinghamshire Tranquillity Map www.cpre.org. HM Local Transport Act 2008 XNKRPH Government Cross Rail KWWSZZZFURVVUDLOFRXN HM The Climate Change Act 2008 Cycle Aylesbury KWWSZZZF\FOHD\OHVEXU\FRXN Government DCLG Indices of Multiple Deprivation. www.communities. 2007 HM Education and Inspections Act 2006 JRYXNSXEOLFDWLRQVFRPPXQLWLHV Government DECC 2008 Local Authority Carbon Dioxide Figures www. 2010 HM Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 GHFFJRYXNHQFRQWHQWFPVVWDWLVWLFVFOLPDWHB Government FKDQJHJJBHPLVVLRQVXNBHPLVVLRQVB HM 7UDI¿F0DQDJHPHQW$FW 2004 ORFDOBORFDODVS[ Government DEFRA www.defra.gov.uk HM The Children Act 2004 DfT Local Transport White Paper: Creating Growth, 2011 Government Cutting Carbon –Making Sustainable Local HM Education Act 2002 Transport Happen Government

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HM Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 Would you like to own a copy? Government HM Transport Act 2000 You can view the full Plan on Transport for Buckinghamshire's Service Information Centre - Government ZZZEXFNVFFJRYXNWUDQVSRUW HM Disability Discrimination Act 1995 If you do not have access to the internet, the full Plan is also available for reference at the Government following places: HM Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Government HM Highways Act 1980 Libraries across Buckinghamshire Government 'LVWULFW&RXQFLO2I¿FHV HM Treasury Total Place, A whole area approach to public 2010 services County Hall in Aylesbury HM Treasury The Stern Review, On Economics of Climate 2006 &RXQW\&RXQFLO$UHD2I¿FHLQ+LJK:\FRPEH Change Natural England LTP and ROWIP Integration – Good Practice Note 2009 If you would like to own a copy, please contact the Transport Policy Team at the address www.naturalengland.org.uk below or vist our website. ODPM The English Indices of Deprivation 2004 ODPM Sustainable Communities: Building for the Future 2003 ONS &HQVXV'DWDKWWSZZZVWDWLVWLFVJRYXN Transport for Buckinghamshire KXELQGH[KWPO County Hall South East South East England Health Strategy 2008 Public Health Walton Street Observatory Aylesbury SBDC Adopted Local Development Framework Core 2011 Bucks Strategy HP20 1UY WDC The Wycombe Development Framework Goes Site 2010 6SHFL¿F3UHIHUUHG2SWLRQV6LWH$OORFDWLRQV WDC High Wycombe Town Centre Masterplan, 2009 Large print and black & white versions are available Infrastructure Cost Estimates on request. Call 0845 2302882. WDC Wycombe Development Framework, Adopted Core 2008 Strategy WDC High Wycombe Master Plan 2005

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