3 The Existing Site and Surroundings

3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 This Chapter provides an overview of characteristics both within the red line boundary (Figure 1.2) and in the surrounding area including: land use; topography; access; ecological designations; archaeology and cultural heritage; hydrological setting and ground conditions; flood risk and drainage; agricultural land; other environmental considerations; and Public Rights of Way. An overview of sensitive receptors and their location is provided in Table 3.2 at the end of this chapter and also illustrated in Figure 3.1. In addition, an overview of the Site’s status in relation to relevant planning policy is discussed in detail within Chapter 6 – Planning Policy and Context. 3.1.2 The Site covers an area of approximately 123ha, traversing the landscape to the north of the villages of Upper Heyford, Flore and , terminating to the east of Dodford. The runs along the northeast boundary of the Site for approximately 3km, before the Site bends to the southwest towards Weedon Bec. The A5 and A45 intersect the Site north and northwest of Weedon Bec respectively. Both the Grand and the railway also pass through the Site north of Weedon Bec. 3.1.3 This Chapter aims to provide an overview of the existing Site and surrounding area. However, much greater level of technical detail has been provided within Technical Chapters 7 – 18.

3.2 Land Use 3.2.1 The Site is located on predominantly Greenfield land to the north of the villages of Weedon Bec and Flore in . 3.2.2 The Site consists primarily of agricultural fields interspersed with trees and hedgerows and a number of watercourses including the , the – Branch (incorporating Whilton Brook) and Hollandstone Farm Brook. There are a small number of existing buildings and structures located above ground within the red line boundary including agricultural buildings and dilapidated railway carriages currently used for agricultural storage. The West Coast Main Line railway intersects the Site just north of Weedon Bec. 3.2.3 Just west of the M1 junction 16 roundabout there are two industrial premises, one compound occupied by D&M Recycling (a waste reprocessing/recycling facility), and the other is currently unoccupied, although it has had recent light manufacturing use. 3.2.4 A number of agricultural tracks cross the Site; in addition a number of roads intersect the Site at different points including: Ŷ The A45 at the eastern and western extents of the Site; Ŷ Upper Heyford Farm Road; Ŷ Brington Road; Ŷ Brockhall Road; and Ŷ The A5.

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3.3 Topography 3.3.1 The Site is located at a level of around 115m Above Ordnance Datum (AOD) at the western extent of the proposed route on the A45, declining to the east as it crosses the Whilton Brook (River Nene) and its tributaries where it reaches a level of around 80m AOD. The land then rises as the Proposed Scheme runs north-eastwards out of the river valley towards the M1 motorway to a height of around 105m AOD. The Proposed Scheme then follows the M1 motorway to the south-east, gently falling to a level of around 80m AOD where it connects close to the A45 / A4500 roundabout over the M1 motorway.

3.4 Access 3.4.1 The current land use for the Proposed Scheme is predominantly active agricultural land. As discussed above several roads intersect the Site. There are twenty landowners within the Site with varying acreages, field structures and use. All thirteen active farm holdings have some degree of field access, be it an established track or a field gate allowing access for farm vehicles. 3.4.2 There are three major roads surrounding the study area of the Proposed Scheme, as described below: Ŷ The M1 forms part of the national strategic road network. It provides good access to the north and midlands, including and via the , and to the south including . Within the study area of the Proposed Scheme, the M1 motorway links to the A45 at Junction 16; Ŷ The A5 is a trunk road and also forms part of the national strategic road network. It provides good access to the north and midlands, including Birmingham and Manchester via the M6 motorway, and to south including London via the M1 motorway. Within the study area of the Proposed Scheme, the A5 trunk road links to the A45 at Weedon Bec which connects and . The A45 provide links to other areas of Northamptonshire and beyond. Ŷ The A45 is a strategic road and runs east-west across Northamptonshire connecting in the east to Rugby in the west. It connects in the east at Thrapston with the A14 Trunk Road, which is part of the national strategic road network, and provides a link to the eastern coast ports of Felixstowe and Harwich. Within the study area of the Proposed Scheme, the A45 links to the M1 motorway at Junction 16, the A5 at Weedon, and to the to the north-west of Daventry. The M1 motorway and M45 motorway, along with the A5 Trunk Road, provide links to other areas of Northamptonshire and beyond. 3.4.3 There are a number of lower grade roads servicing the local communities of Weedon Bec, Nether/Upper Heyford, Flore, Dodford and .

3.5 Ecological Designations

International Designations 3.5.1 There are no internationally designated wildlife or nature conservation sites within the Site boundary, or within a 10km radius of the Site boundary. The closest designation is the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Special Protection Area (SPA), approximately 10.9km east of the Site.

National Designations 3.5.2 There are no statutory or non-statutory designated wildlife or nature conservation sites within the Site boundary. There is one Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) within 2km of the Site boundary;

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Bugbrooke Meadow SSSI is located approximately 500m south of the Site adjacent to the M1 motorway junction 16. This SSSI is designated for its low lying nature and potential for flooding which supports a range of damp grassland communities.

Local Designations 3.5.3 There are no Local Nature Reserves (LNR) within the Site boundary or the surrounding area (2km). However, there are a number of County Wildlife Sites in the wider area, none of which intersect the Site. Furthermore there are four Local Wildlife Sites (LWS) and approximately 22 Proposed LWS (PWS) within the Site and in the immediate area. The Grand Union Canal - Weedon Bec LWS and an Unnamed PWS that supports marshy grassland are located within the Site boundary. 3.5.4 The county Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) includes a number of Habitat Action Plans (HAP) and Biodiversity Character Areas (BCA). The Site traverses four BCAs (Liassic Slope, cropped Claylands, Acid sands and Minor Floodplain). Northamptonshire County Council (NCC) has a number of HAPs included in the BAP, most of which cover large areas of the county. The following HAPs are present within the Site; Ŷ Hedgerows; and Ŷ Ponds.

Habitats 3.5.5 The Proposed Scheme runs through landscape which is dominated by arable fields and improved grassland, with a mix of both pastoral and arable crops, bisected by a network of native hedgerow. There are a number of scattered trees through the Site as well as a mix of both species-poor and species-rich hedgerow. As a result the primary habitat within the Site is agricultural land with some improved grassland. The area of the Site between Brockhall Road and Brington Road does contain patches of scattered scrub, coarse grassland and some tall ruderal habitats. 3.5.6 The wider area has an extensive hydrological habitat, orientated around the River Nene and its tributaries, some of which extend into the Site. There are also a number of waterbodies in the wider area, some of which are manmade and managed for recreational purposes (fishing etc.). Furthermore the Grand Union Canal passes through the Site, north of Weedon Bec, offering another water habitat. 3.5.7 Chapter 12 – Biodiversity provides a more details description, which is supported by an Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey (Appendix 12.1).

Protected/Notable Species 3.5.8 Due to presence of aquatic habitat, both still and running water, within the Site and surrounding area, surveys have been undertaken to determine the presence of great crested newts (Appendix 12.6 and 12.7). Two waterbodies within the Site were found to have medium populations of great crested newt, both located within Upper Heyford, to the south west of the eastern most proposed roundabout, just off Junction 16 of the M1. Furthermore, surveys for Otters and Water Voles were carried out along the Grand Union Canal and Whilton Brook. Evidence for the presence of Otters and suitable habitat for Otters was found along both waterbodies (Appendix 12.9), whilst there was no evidence of Water Voles (Appendix 12.4). 3.5.9 Survey work was undertaken to assess the likelihood of badgers across the Site (Appendix 12.2 and 12.3). Four setts were found on Site,1 outlier setts and 3 subsidiary setts. Evidence of snuffle marks and foraging activity by mammals species were recorded across the Site, indicating potential foraging habitat available on Site.

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3.5.10 There are a number of locations within the Site that are confirmed as used for foraging and commuting by bats. These locations include the Grand Union Canal, various hedgerows and trees, along the EU14 Bridleway and in the area adjacent to the M1 tunnel (south of EU7 footpath). 3.5.11 Breeding Bird surveys (Appendix 12.5) undertaken recorded a total of 38 species, of which 36 species where confirmed to be breeding or having high probability of breeding within the Site. The majority of species identified where found to be common to the extended area and the UK, however 14 recorded are Species of Principal Importance or included on the red list of birds of conservation concern. Furthermore, a Barn owl walkover was carried out (Appendix 12.8). Survey work suggests a total 440ha of suitable foraging habitat, yet there was no evidence to suggest the site is currently in use by barn owls.

3.6 Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 3.6.1 Within the Site there are a number of historical features, principally the Grand Union Canal Conservation Zone and a number of archaeological sites along the route corridor. There are no other designated Heritage Assets (HAs), including World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields, or Listed Buildings, within or immediately adjacent to the Site. 3.6.2 Within the surrounding area (1km from the Site), there are a number of Listed Buildings (one Grade I Listed Building, 27 Grade II* Listed Buildings; 59 Grade II Listed Buildings) and Brockhall Park) Grade II Registered Park and Garden). In addition, there are a number of Scheduled Monuments and Listed Buildings within the extended (>1km) surrounding landscape. 3.6.3 Northampton Archaeology have conducted an archaeological desk-based assessment (Appendix 11.1) covering the Site and 500m on either side of the Site. This assessment has identified the following archaeological sites along the route of the proposed road corridor: Ŷ Flint scatter of Mesolithic and Neolithic date and two potential Neolithic long barrows; Ŷ Romano-British remains, including cropmarks and stray pottery finds; Ŷ Medieval ridge and furrow cultivation; and Ŷ Late Medieval/Early Post-Medieval road and bridge.

3.7 Hydrological Setting and Ground Conditions 3.7.1 The Proposed Scheme crosses two watercourses; Whilton Brook and Hollandstone Farm Brook. Both of these watercourses are tributaries of the River Nene, which flows approximately 1,000m south of the Proposed alignment in a west to east direction. The Whilton Brook runs from north to south and joins the River Nene to the east of Weedon Bec and is classified as Main River by the Environment Agency. The Hollandstone Farm Brook flows from north-east to south-west and joins the River Nene to the south-east of Flore. This watercourse is classified as Main River south of the existing A45. North of this road, including the point where the Proposed Highway alignment crosses the watercourse, Hollandstone Farm Brook is classified as an Ordinary Watercourse. In addition to the two watercourses identified above, the Proposed Scheme also crosses the Grand Union Canal to the north-east of Weedon Bec. The Grand Union Canal runs to the west of the Whilton Brook, following a route parallel to it. 3.7.2 Surface water abstractions from the River Nene and tributaries have been identified within 2km of the Site and are hydraulically down gradient of the location where the Proposed Scheme crosses the River Nene tributary.

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3.7.3 Within the valleys the geology is predominantly influenced by the River Nene with Alluvium indicated adjacent to the River Nene and its larger tributaries. Glacial Sand and Gravel (now mapped as Glaciofluvial Deposits) is also shown within the valleys at the eastern extent of the Site, whilst in the western extent superficial deposits of Glacial Till (formerly Boulder Clay) are indicated. Beneath the Glacial deposits the Site is underlain by Middle and Upper Lias Clay, namely the Whitby Mudstone Formation and at the western extent of the Site as Dyrham Formation – interbedded Siltstone and Mudstone. In the central and northern extent of the Site the bedrock geology is indicated to be Marlstone Rock Formation. 3.7.4 With respect to ground contamination, the Site has remained largely undeveloped throughout its history, and widespread gross contamination was not recorded in soils or shallow groundwater as part of the ground investigation undertaken on the Site. Localised impact was recorded in soils and perched groundwater within Dodmoor Farm Landfill where localised levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified at slightly elevated concentrations in perched water, and in one soil sample. There is also potential for localised contamination associated with a landfill adjacent to the north of the eastern extent of the Site. Further details are provided in Chapter 16 - Ground Conditions, Hydrogeology and Contamination and Appendix 16.3. 3.7.5 The Environment Agency (EA) website indicates two historic landfills within the Site: Ŷ Dodmoor Farm Landfill is located at the western extent between the Grand Union Canal and the A5, and is indicated to have accepted inert waste from October 1982 to April 1983; and Ŷ OS Field No. 0756 is located at the eastern extremity of the Site and accepted inert waste from June to September 1985.

3.8 Flood Risk and Drainage 3.8.1 The EA has designated the Whitby Mudstone Formation and the Marlstone Rock Formation as Secondary A Aquifer and the Dyrham Formation as Secondary Undifferentiated Aquifer. The overlying superficial deposits of Glacial Sand and Gravel and Alluvium are classified as Secondary A Aquifer, whilst the Glacial Till is classified as Unproductive Strata. 3.8.2 The Site is not located within an EA designated groundwater source protection zone (SPZ). An Envirocheck report indicates several groundwater abstractions within 1km to the south of the Site. In the east these abstractions are indicated to be from the Glacial Sand and Gravel, whilst in the west they are indicated to be from the mudstone. Abstractions are generally licenced for general farming and domestic use. 3.8.3 British Geological Society (BGS) borehole records in close proximity to the Site SP66SW51, SP66SW52, SP66SW53 and SP66SE53 (in the central and eastern section of the Site) did not encounter groundwater during excavation. 3.8.4 The EA website indicates that two areas of the Site are subject to flooding: Ŷ The Whilton Branch, a tributary of the River Nene, that runs generally parallel to the Grand Union Canal, presents a flood risk to the Site adjacent to the A5 and, Ŷ Hollandstone Farm Brook in the central section of the Site also presents a flood risk to the Site. 3.8.5 The EA website indicates a moderate likely hood of flooding in both of these areas, which equates to 0.5% (1 in 200 years) and 1.3% (1 in 75 Years).

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3.9 Agricultural Land 3.9.1 Agricultural land is broken down into several grades with Grade 1 land being excellent quality agricultural land with very minor or no limitations to agricultural use and Grade 5 is very poor quality land, with severe limitations due to adverse soil, relief, climate or a combination of these. Grade 3 land is subdivided into Subgrade 3a (good quality land) and Subgrade 3b (moderate quality land). Land which is classified as Grades 1, 2 and 3a in the Agricultural Land Classification (ALC) system are defined as best and most versatile agricultural land. Land in the north of the Site comprises of five small areas of Grade 2 classification (16%). One third of the total site is of Grade 3a (32%) classification; just over half of the site is of Grade 3b (51%) with the remainder of the site Grade 4 (1%). 3.9.2 The Site is underlain by Jurassic mudstones, siltstones and soft shales of the Dyrham and the Whitby Mudstone Formations which weather to give mainly clayey soil parent materials. There are a range of soils across the Site yet slightly or seasonally wet clayey soil with slowly permeable subsoil are dominant across the Site. There are some small sections within the Site where the soil is more freely draining, resulting in well drained loamy and variably stony soil (which has undergone some extraction).

3.10 Other Environmental Considerations 3.10.1 The Site is located in an area where the main influence on local air quality is likely to be from transportation sources. The eastern part of the Site runs parallel to the M1 motorway at a distance of approximately 60m. The A5 crosses the Site to the north of the village of Weedon Bec and the A45 is located at a maximum distance of 1km to the south of the Site. 3.10.2 The Site does not pass within any Air Quality Management Area (AQMA), with the closest AQMA located in , approximately 10km to the south of the Site. 3.10.3 The primary sources of noise and vibration originate from the road network and most notably the major roads – the M1, A5 and A45. The Site borders the M1 corridor, thus there will be a degree of noise and vibration ‘overflow’ from the M1 into the Site. 3.10.4 The majority of the Site is unlit due to the absence of existing lighting installations. However, the northern most extents of the Site are subject to elevated lighting conditions from the highways lighting installations present along the M1 motorway. In addition, the western and eastern-most parts of the Site are subject to elevated lighting conditions due to the presence of artificial lighting installations on the A45. In the wider area there is artificial lighting along the roads within the surrounding villages. There is a small degree of sky glow due to the distant residential areas of Daventry and Northampton.

3.11 Public Rights of Ways 3.11.1 There are a number of Public Rights of Ways (PRoW) that traverse the Site, as well as numerous immediately adjacent to the Site (Figure 3.1). Identified PRoW are summarised in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1: PRoW within and in close proximity to the Site

Route Code Type Description

On Site

EU1 Footpath From: Dodford Parish boundary east of Dodmoor Farm (junction with EN9)

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Route Code Type Description

To: Southeast via Flore Hill Farm to the Flore-Weedon road, A45, at Flore Hill.

From: North end of cul-de-sac known as Hillside Road, Flore, at Hobhill Barn EU14 Bridleway To: North to junction with EU2, South of Broamenthill Spinney

From: Brockhall - Dodford county road opposite S.W corner of Brookes Plantation west of M1 motorway EU2 Footpath To: Southeast via Broamenthill Spinney to the Flore-Brockhall county road South side of M1 motorway.

From: High Street Flore, A45, at filling station opposite White Hart P.H. EU5 Footpath To: Northeast to the Flore- county road.

From: High Street Flore, A45, opposite No. 72 EU7 Footpath To: East passing under the M1 motorway to Upper Heyford parish boundary, east of the climatological station (junction with KT5)

Off-Site

EN1 Footpath Dodford area

EN12 Byway Dodford area

EN13 Byway Dodford area

EN14 Bridleway Dodford area

EN15 Bridleway Dodford area

EN3 Bridleway Dodford area

EN5 Footpath Dodford area

EN8 Footpath Dodford area

EU10 Footpath South of Flore

EU11 Footpath South of Flore

EU12 Footpath South of Flore

EU9 Footpath South of Flore

FG1 Footpath East of Lower Weedon

FG11 Footpath East of Lower Weedon

KS10 Footpath South of Flore

KS11 Footpath South of Flore

KS12 Footpath South of Flore

KS5 Footpath Northwest of

KT1 Footpath North of Nether Heyford

KT2 Footpath South of Upper Heyford

KT3 Footpath South of Upper Heyford

KT4 Footpath North of Nether Heyford

KT5 Footpath North of M1 motorway

KT6 Bridleway Northeast of Nether Heyford

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Route Code Type Description

Unnamed From: J16 of M1 roundabout Cyclepath (sustrans) Cycle Route To: East along the A4500 towards Upton

3.12 Overview of Sensitive Receptors 3.12.1 There are a number of sensitive receptors that have been identified in the locality of the Site and these have been taken into consideration within the assessments presented in technical Chapters 7 - 18. The sensitive receptors and other key designations outlined above are illustrated in Figure 3.1 and Figure 3.2. The sensitive receptors are summarised in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2: Sensitive Receptors Considered within the ES

Environmental Aspect Sensitive Receptors

Traffic and Ŷ Highway Users, consisting of pedestrians, cyclists and motorists Transportation

Ŷ Dwellings within Upper Heyford, including:

x Main Road; Ŷ Dwellings off Manor Park in Nether Heyford; Ŷ Hollandstone Farm and Flore Holiday Inn hotel, to the south of the M1; Ŷ Oxhouse Farm, to the north of the M1; Ŷ Brockhall Park, to the north of the M1; Ŷ Dwellings within Flore Village, including:

x The Crescent; x Hobhill Farm;

x Hadland House Farm; and

x Hillside Road; Ŷ Flore Primary school and nursery; Ŷ Flore Hill Farm; Ŷ Dwellings within Weedon Bec, including: Noise and Vibration x Houses off High Street;

x Houses immediately south of the A45 / A5 junction; x Houses immediately north of the A45 / A5 junction;

x Dwellings off Bridge Street; x Dwellings off Harmans Way; Ŷ Hotels in Weedon Bec, including the: x Premier Inn; and

x The Heart of Hotel; Ŷ Weedon Bec Primary School; Ŷ Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI; Ŷ Grand Union Canal; Ŷ Dodmoor House, to the west of the A5 and north of the A45; Ŷ Dwellings within Dodford; Ŷ Grange Farm and Globe Farm, Dodford;

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Environmental Aspect Sensitive Receptors

Ŷ Flore URC Church; Ŷ All Saints Church, Flore; and Ŷ Weedon Bec URC Church;

Ŷ Existing residential properties, schools and commercial properties in the vicinity of the Site and along Air Quality proposed route and along the routes of the roads where traffic flows subject to change (see Figures 9.1 and 9.2).

Ŷ Site topography; Ŷ Site landscape features and character, including existing vegetation and trees; Ŷ The setting of Listed Buildings as identified within Chapter 11 - Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (Grade I Church of St. Mary and associated Grade II Listed Buildings, Grade II Listed Buildings in Dodford Village (including the Porch House Grade II Listed Building, Dodford House Grade II Listed Building and Old School House Grade II Listed Building), Grade II* Listed Buildings associated with the Former Weedon Barracks, Dodmoor Farmhouse and attached stables and barn Grade II Listed Building, Hill Farmhouse Grade II Listed Building, The Grange Grade II Listed Building); Landscape and Visual Chapter Ŷ The setting and character of Brockhall Park Registered Park and Garden; Ŷ The character of and views from the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area; Ŷ The setting and character of Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI; Ŷ Users of and views from surrounding PRoW; Ŷ Views from residential receptors adjacent to the route; and Ŷ Views from users of and residents along the adjacent highways including A5, A45, M1, Brockhall Road, The Crescent, Sears Close, and Hillside Road.

Ŷ Potential surface/buried archaeological remains; Ŷ Designated heritage assets; Archaeology and Ŷ Non-designated heritage assets ; Cultural Heritage Ŷ Historic landscape character, including fragmented modern fields and 19th Century parliamentary enclosure; and Ŷ Historic landscape setting of the settlements of Upper Heyford, Flore, Weedon and Dodford;

Ŷ Watercourses including Grand Union Canal, River Nene tributaries; Ŷ Protected species and their habitats: Ŷ Badgers; Ŷ Bats; Ŷ Otters; Ŷ Water voles; Ecology and Nature Conservation Ŷ Great Crested Newts (if found to be present); Ŷ Nesting and breeding birds; Ŷ Reptiles; Ŷ Hedgerows and trees; Ŷ Semi improved Grassland; and Ŷ National and Local Designated Ecological Sites, including Bugbrooke Meadow SSSI, Dovecote Meadow and Weedon Marsh.

Ŷ Human Health: construction workers, maintenance workers, people on neighbouring third party land, future site users; Ground Conditions and Ŷ Controlled Waters: surface water features (including two channels of the River Nene, Grand Union Canal, Water Quality Hollandstone Farm Brook and several ponds) and associated surface water abstractions, and underlying Secondary ‘A’ and Secondary Undifferentiated Aquifers on-site and off-site, and associated groundwater abstractions; and Ŷ Bugbrooke SSSI. It is noted that any potential effects will not be direct and will be dependent on changes

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Environmental Aspect Sensitive Receptors

in surface water quality which are being assessed separately.

Ŷ Secondary A Aquifer and Secondary Undifferentiated Aquifer underlying the Site; Ŷ On-site surface water courses (Whilton Branch, Grand Union Canal, Hollandstone Farm Brook, ponds); Ŷ Off-site surface water courses (River Nene) and ponds; Flood Risk and Drainage Ŷ Future drainage systems on-site; Ŷ Earthworks and construction workers; Ŷ Third parties; and Ŷ Future site users.

Ŷ Best and most versatile agricultural land (Grades 2 and 3a); Agriculture Ŷ Soil Resources; and Ŷ Operational farm holdings.

Ŷ Local economic receptors, i.e. residents of working age and companies in the local area and wider area; and Socio-economics Ŷ Local community receptors, i.e. users of the local recreational resources within the local-level study area and users of the PRoW and non-designated public routes as well as vehicle travellers using the road network within the Site and in the surrounding area.

Ŷ Local Residential Receptors; Ŷ Residential properties along A45 in Weedon Bec and Upper Heyford to the south of the Site; Ŷ Residential properties along Hillside Road, Brockhall Road, Sears Close, The Crescent, Collins Hill Farm and Capell Rise; and Ŷ Residential properties, including Flore Hill Farm, Hobhill Farm, Hadland House Farm, Collinshall Farm, Dodford Wharf Farm, Dodmoor House, Dodmoor Farm Bungalow, Hollandstone Farm, The Grange and Globe Farm to the south of the Site; Ŷ Users of the Local Road network and footpaths; Lighting Ŷ The A45, within the eastern-most and western-most parts of the Site; Ŷ The A5, Brockhall Road, Brington Road and Public Rights of Way (PRoW) including Footpaths EU1, EN9, EU2, EU5, EU7 and Bridleway EU14 within the central part of the Site; Ŷ Upper Heyford Farm track within the eastern part of the Site; Ŷ Weedon Lane, Globe Farm track to the west of the Site; Ŷ Users of the Grand Union Canal and canal towpath within the western part of the Site; and Ŷ Train drivers using the West Coast Main Line railway within the western part of the Site.

Waste Ŷ Waste treatment and recycling facilities, inert, non-hazardous and hazardous landfill sites.

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