InterInter--JurisdictionaJurisdictionall CoordinationCoordination inin thethe PacificPacific

DonDon Palawski,Palawski, RefugeRefuge ManagerManager PacificPacific RemoteRemote IslandsIslands NationalNational WildlifeWildlife RefugeRefuge ComplexComplex GovernmentalGovernmental JurisdictionsJurisdictions inin thethe U.S.U.S. ExclusiveExclusive EconomicEconomic ZonesZones ofof thethe PacificPacific •• StateState ofof HawaiiHawaii •• AmericanAmerican SamoaSamoa •• CommonwealthCommonwealth ofof thethe NorthernNorthern MarianaMariana IslandsIslands •• GuamGuam •• U.S.U.S. IslandIsland PossessionsPossessions (Baker(Baker Island,Island, HowlandHowland Island,Island, JarvisJarvis Island,Island, JohnstonJohnston Atoll,Atoll, KingmanKingman Reef,Reef, MidwayMidway Atoll,Atoll, PalmyraPalmyra Atoll,Atoll, WakeWake Atoll)Atoll) U.S. Exclusive Economic Zones in the Pacific GovernmentalGovernmental JurisdictionsJurisdictions inin thethe PacificPacific havinghaving aa uniqueunique relationshiprelationship withwith thethe U.S.U.S.

•• MarshallMarshall IslandsIslands •• FederatedFederated StatesStates ofof MicronesiaMicronesia •• PalauPalau

CompactCompact ofof FreeFree AssociationAssociation OtherOther GovernmentalGovernmental JurisdictionsJurisdictions inin thethe PacificPacific

•• SouthSouth PacificPacific IslandIsland Nations:Nations: FrenchFrench Polynesia,Polynesia, CookCook Islands,Islands, Kiribati,Kiribati, TokelauTokelau Samoa,Samoa, Tonga,Tonga, Niue,Niue, Figi,Figi, Tuvalu,Tuvalu, WallisWallis && Futuna,Futuna, SolomonSolomon Islands,Islands, NewNew Caledonia,Caledonia, Vanuatu.Vanuatu. •• SoutheastSoutheast AsianAsian IslandIsland Nations:Nations: Indonesia,Indonesia, PapuaPapua NewNew Guinea,Guinea, PhilippinesPhilippines •• AustraliaAustralia

“Think Globally, Act Locally” CentralCentral PacificPacific CoralCoral IslesIsles andand AtollsAtolls

•• AreAre ancient,ancient, carryingcarrying aa longlong historyhistory inin theirtheir rocksrocks •• HaveHave beenbeen previouslypreviously protectedprotected byby theirtheir remotenessremoteness andand inaccessibilityinaccessibility •• CanCan serveserve asas havenshavens forfor manymany depleteddepleted andand uniqueunique speciesspecies •• ServeServe asas aa naturalnatural laboratorylaboratory forfor largelarge marinemarine ecosystemecosystem managementmanagement forfor anan areaarea straddlingstraddling thethe EquatorEquator andand manymany latitudeslatitudes •• SupportSupport somesome ofof thethe oldest,oldest, wettestwettest andand driestdriest atolls,atolls, islets,islets, andand associatedassociated habitatshabitats onon thethe planetplanet AgencyAgency CoordinationCoordination inin thethe HawaiianHawaiian IslandsIslands andand otherother PacificPacific IslandsIslands Large Marine Ecosystem Management CooperativeCooperative EducationEducation andand OutreachOutreach

NavigatingNavigating ChangeChange :: inspiredinspired byby PolynesianPolynesian VoyagingVoyaging SocietySociety thisthis visionvision isis sharedshared by:by: • Hawaii Department of Education • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service • Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources • NOAA – National Ocean Service • Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii • University of Hawaii

NavigatingNavigating ChangeChange focusesfocuses onon thethe NWHINWHI asas aa catalystcatalyst forfor changechange toto occuroccur inin ourour ownown communities.communities. Teacher’sTeacher’s GuideGuide GradesGrades 44 && 55 CooperativeCooperative ResearchResearch onon Hawaii/PacificHawaii/Pacific CoralsCorals andand ReefsReefs MAJOR COLLABORATORS 2000-1: • NMFS Honolulu Lab & NOAA Townsend Cromwell • Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources • USFWS Pacific Remote Islands NWR Complex • Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI • University of California, Santa Cruz Multiple techniques used to assess and monitor coral populations:

• REAs (Rapid Ecological Assessments) – all institutions

•Towed Diver Habitat Surveys (NMFS)

•Reproduction & Recruitment (NMFS)

•Permanent Stations (FWS) • Coral Coring/Growth/Disease (UCSC, FWS & HI-DLNR) Biogeography of Coral Species Richness

after USDOI & NMFS 1999 52 41 ? 48 after Maragos& Jokiel 1986 34 and Maragos et al. 2002

• Hawaii overall: low species richness, high endemism (more than 25%) due to long-term geographic isolation • 12 coral spp. in NWHI not found in MHI • Colonizing larvae of some Acropora species probably derived from Johnston Atoll where same species abundant Biogeography of Coral Species Richness

155 170 91 49 80 after Maragos 2002

• Howland, Baker, Jarvis in path of westward-flowing Pacific Equatorial Current; all have limited habitat diversity but lower spp diversity to west

• Palmyra, Kingman sporadically bathed by eastward-flowing North Equatorial Countercurrent; diverse habitats; highest coral species richness of any Central Pacific island or atoll Coral gardens, Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge ResourceResource ProtectionProtection andand ManagementManagement •• LargeLarge MarineMarine EcosystemEcosystem ManagementManagement •• CoordinatedCoordinated ManagementManagement vs.vs. CoCo-- ManagementManagement •• SmallSmall NoNo--TakeTake MarineMarine ProtectedProtected AreasAreas thatthat representrepresent thethe speciesspecies andand habitatshabitats inin thethe CentralCentral PacificPacific EcosystemEcosystem A Model of the Use of No-Take MPAs to Conserve and Protect Resources of the Central Pacific Ecosystem RecommendationsRecommendations forfor thethe PacificPacific RegionRegion

•• PromotePromote recognitionrecognition byby thethe U.S.U.S. andand otherother jurisdictionsjurisdictions ofof thethe immenseimmense importanceimportance ofof usingusing MPAsMPAs inin thethe PacificPacific toto protectprotect thethe world’sworld’s biodiversity;biodiversity; •• ConductConduct additionaladditional scientificscientific surveyssurveys toto promotepromote largelarge marinemarine ecosystemecosystem management;management; •• RecognizeRecognize thatthat whilewhile therethere areare keykey geographicgeographic areasareas inin thethe PacificPacific forfor whichwhich scientificscientific knowledgeknowledge maymay bebe limited,limited, suchsuch areasareas stillstill needneed toto bebe protectedprotected asas soonsoon asas possiblepossible forfor thethe benefitbenefit ofof futurefuture generationsgenerations;; RecommendationsRecommendations forfor thethe PacificPacific RegionRegion ((cont.)cont.)

•• ProvideProvide adequateadequate supportsupport forfor managementmanagement capacitycapacity andand freelyfreely communicatecommunicate thethe bestbest conservationconservation practicespractices throughthrough educationaleducational initiativesinitiatives •• RegularlyRegularly monitormonitor MPAsMPAs withwith sufficientsufficient intensityintensity toto ensureensure perptualperptual naturalnatural resourceresource protectionprotection inin thethe PacificPacific regionregion •• IncludeInclude culturalcultural expertsexperts inin decisiondecision--makingmaking toto identifyidentify potentialpotential MPAMPA sitessites andand assistassist inin theirtheir managementmanagement “Think Globally

Act Locally”