DOCSLIB.ORG

HIPPO 1-‐5: Summary of Flights

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
HIPPO 1-‐5: Summary of Flights HIPPO 1-5: Summary of Flights Jasna Pi;man, Harvard University Pavel Romashkin, NCAR Bri;on Stephens, NCAR Oct 5, 2012 1 Airport Location ICAO Altitude Latitude Longitude HIPPO UT Time (ft AMSL*) Degrees Degrees Phase Anchorage, AK PANC 152 61.17 N 150.00 W 1,2,3,4,5 UTC-9 (DST-8) Barrow, AK PABR 52 71.29 N 156.77 W 2,4,5 UTC-9 (DST-8) Billings, MT KBIL 3,652 45.81 N 108.54 W 1 UTC-7 (DST-6) Broomfield (JeffCo), CO KBJC 5,673 39.91 N 105.12 W 1,2,3,4,5 UTC-7 (DST-6) Campbell River, BC, Canada CYBL 346 49.95 N 125.27 W 1 UTC-8 (DST-7) Christchurch, New Zealand NZCH 37 43.49 S 172.53 E 1,2,3,4,5 UTC+12 (DST+13) Cold Bay, AK PACD 102 55.21 N 162.73 W 1,2,3,4,5 UTC-9 (DST-8) Darwin, Australia YPDN 103 12.41 S 130.88 E 4 UTC+9:30 Deadhorse, AK PASC 65 70.19 N 148.47 W 1,2,3,5 UTC-9 (DST-8) Easter Island SCIP 227 27.16 S 109.42 W 1 UTC-6 (DST-5) Edmonton, Canada CYEG 2,373 54.31 N 113.58 W 1 UTC-7 (DST-6) Fairbanks, AK PAFA 439 64.82 N 147.86 W 1,2,3,4,5 UTC-9 (DST-8) Hobart, Australia YMHB 13 42.84 S 147.51 E 4 UTC+10 Honiara, Solomon Island AGGH 28 9.43 S 160.05 E 2 UTC+11 Honolulu, HI PHNL 13 21.32 N 157.92 W 1 UTC-10 Kona, HI PHKO 47 19.74 N 156.05 W 2,3,4,5 UTC-10 Lauder Observatory, NZ - 1,214 45.04 S 169.68 E 1,2,3,5 UTC+12 (DST+13) Midway Atoll PMDY 18 28.20 N 177.38 W 4 UTC-11 Pago Pago, American Samoa NSTU 32 14.33 S 170.71 W 1,3 UTC-11 Papeete, Tahiti NTAA 7 17.56 S 149.61 W 1 UTC-10 Rarotonga, Cook Island NCRG 19 21.20 S 159.81 W 2,4,5 UTC-10 (DST-9:30) Saipan PGSN 211 15.12 N 145.73 E 4 UTC+10 San Jose, Costa Rica MROC 3,021 9.99 N 84.21 W 1 UTC-6 Watson Lake, Canada CYQH 2,225 60.11 N 128.82 W 1,2,3,4,5 UTC-8 (DST-7) WLEF Tower, WI - 1,549 45.95 N 90.27 W 1,2,5 UTC-6 (DST-5) Wollongong, Australia YWOL 31 34.56 S 150.79 E 2 UTC+10 (DST+11) Yellowknife, NwT, Canada CYZF 675 62.46 N 114.44 W 1 UTC-7 (DST-6) 2 * “M AMSL” = feet above mean sea level Number of dips and flight duraon Flight HIPPO-1 HIPPO-2 HIPPO-3 HIPPO-4 HIPPO-5 TF01 0 (1.8 hrs) 1 (2.5 hrs) 1 (2.4 hrs) 1 (1.9 hrs) - TF02 1 (4.6 hrs) 1 (4.4 hrs) 1 (3.6 hrs) 5 (6.1 hrs) - TF03 0 (1.5 hrs) - - - - RF01 0 (1.1 hrs) 2 (6.3 hrs) 2 (6.0 hrs) 2 (5.8 hrs) 4 (5.1 hrs) RF02 7 (7.7 hrs) 5 (7.3 hrs) 5 (8.2 hrs) 8 (8.9 hrs) 6 (6.8 hrs) RF03 4 (6.9 hrs) 8 (7.8 hrs) 8 (8.4 hrs) 8 (8.6 hrs) 2 (6.1 hrs) RF04 8 (8.4 hrs) 8 (8.2 hrs) 5 (6.3 hrs) 7 (8.3 hrs) 0 (4.2 hrs) RF05 7 (6.8 hrs) 7 (7.0 hrs) 5 (5.9 hrs) 6 (6.8 hrs) 9 (8.6 hrs) RF06 5 (6.0 hrs) 6 (7.7 hrs) 6 (7.8 hrs) 4 (7.3 hrs) 8 (7.8 hrs) RF07 8 (8.6 hrs) 6 (7.9 hrs) 5 (5.7 hrs) 5 (6.8 hrs) 8 (8.4 hrs) RF08 7 (7.2 hrs) 6 (8.6 hrs) 5 (6.2 hrs) 3 (6.0 hrs) 7 (7.2 hrs) RF09 5 (6.6 hrs) 7 (7.7 hrs) 8 (8.3 hrs) 6 (6.4 hrs) 6 (8.9 hrs) RF10 7 (7.9 hrs) 5 (7.4 hrs) 5 (7.8 hrs) 5 (6.2 hrs) 6 (6.1 hrs) RF11 2 (6.1 hrs) 1 (4.8 hrs) 1 (5.0 hrs) 10 (8.3 hrs) 9 (8.6 hrs) RF12 - - - 3 (6.5 hrs) 8 (8.1 hrs) RF13 - - - - 6 (8.5 hrs) RF14 - - - - 1 (4.8 hrs) HOURS PER PHASE: 81.1 87.6 81.6 93.9 99.2 TOTAL HOURS: 443.4 DIPS PER PHASE: 61 63 57 73 80 TOTAL DIPS: 334 3 DATES (yymmdd) HIPPO-1 HIPPO-2 HIPPO-3 HIPPO-4 HIPPO-5 TF01 081213 091020 100316 110607 - TF02 081217 091022 100318 110609 - TF03 090106 - - - - RF01 090108 091031 100324 110614 110809 RF02 090109 091102 100326 110616 110811 RF03 090112 091104 100329 110618 110816 RF04 090114 091107 100331 110622 110818 RF05 090116 091109 100402 110625 110819 RF06 090118 091111 100405 110628 110822 RF07 090120 091114 100408 110701 110824 RF08 090123 091116 100410 110704 110827 RF09 090126 091119 100413 110706 110829 RF10 090128 091121 100415 110707 110901 RF11 090130 091122 100416 110710 110903 RF12 - - - 110711 110906 RF13 - - - - 110908 RF14 - - - - 110909 LOCATIONS HIPPO-1 HIPPO-2 HIPPO-3 HIPPO-4 HIPPO-5 TF01 CO<>SD CO<>OK around CO CO<>4 corners (see RF01) TF02 CO<>IO,OK CO<>WLEF CO<>OK CO<>TX,LA,OK (see RF02) TF03 CO<>SD - - - - RF01 CO->MT CO->AK CO->AK CO->AK CO<>WLEF RF02 MT->AK AK<>NP AK<>NP AK<>NP CO<>TX,LA,AR,OK RF03 AK<>NP AK->HI AK->HI AK->HI CO->AK RF04 AK->HI HI->CI HI->AS HI->CI AK<>NP RF05 HI->AS CI->NZ AS->NZ CI->NZ AK<>NP (redo) RF06 AS->NZ NZ<>SP NZ<>SP NZ->SP->HO AK->HI RF07 NZ<>SP NZ->SI NZ->AS HO->DA HI->CI RF08 NZ->TA SI->HI AS->HI DA>SA CI->NZ RF09 TA->EI HI->AK HI->AK SA->MI NZ<>SP RF10 EI->CR AK<>NP AK<>NP MI<>AK NZ->CI RF11 CR->CO AK->CO AK->CO AK<>NP CI->HI RF12 - - - AK->CO HI->AK RF13 - - - - AK<>NP RF14 - - - - AK->CO AK:Anchorage, Alaska; AS:American Samoa; CI:Rarotonga, Cook Isld; CO:JeffCo, Colorado; CR:San Jose, Costa Rica; DA:Darwin, Australia; EI:Easter Isld; HO:Hobart, Australia; HI:Hawaii (H1=Honolulu, H2-H5=Kona); MI:Midway Atoll; MT:Billings, Montana; NP:North Pole; NZ:Christchurch, New Zealand; SA:Saipan; SI:Honiara, Solomon Isld; SP:South 4 Pole; TA:Tahiti; WLEF: Wisconsin; AR: Arkansas; IO: Iowa; LA: Louisiana; OK: Oklahoma; SD: South Dakota; TX: Texas Flights are grouped by similarity in their flight trajectory 5 TF01 HIPPO−1 TF01 HIPPO−2 TF01 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 22.5 23 23.5 24 24.5 25 20 21 22 23 18 19 20 21 TF01 HIPPO−4 RF01 HIPPO−5 50 48oN 40 o 30 44 N 20 o Altitude (kft) 40 N 10 36oN 0 17 17.5 18 18.5 19 14 16 18 20 22 32oN 112oW 104oW 96oW 88oW Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 6 TF02 HIPPO−1 TF02 HIPPO−2 TF02 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 17 18 19 20 21 22 TF02 HIPPO−4 RF02 HIPPO−5 50 45oN 40 30 40oN 20 Altitude (kft) 35oN 10 30oN 0 16 18 20 22 24 14 16 18 20 22 o o o o o o Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 110 W 105 W 100 W 95 W 90 W 85 W 7 TF03 HIPPO−1 HIPPO−2 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5 0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24 HIPPO−4 HIPPO−5 50 56oN 40 48oN 30 20 40oN Altitude (kft) 10 32oN 0 0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24 o 24 N o o o o o o Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 130 W 120 W 110 W 100 W 90 W 80 W 8 RF01 HIPPO−1 HIPPO−2 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 16 16.5 17 17.5 0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24 HIPPO−4 HIPPO−5 50 56oN 40 48oN 30 20 o Altitude (kft) 40 N 10 32oN 0 0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24 o 24 N o o o o o o Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 130 W 120 W 110 W 100 W 90 W 80 W 9 RF02 HIPPO−1 RF01 HIPPO−2 RF01 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 20 22 24 26 28 30 16 18 20 22 24 18 20 22 24 26 RF01 HIPPO−4 RF03 HIPPO−5 50 60oN 40 30 54oN 20 Altitude (kft) 48oN 10 42oN 0 16 18 20 22 14 16 18 20 22 o o o o o Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 156 W 144 W 132 W 120 W 108 W 10 HIPPO−1 HIPPO−2 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24 HIPPO−4 RF04 HIPPO−5 50 78oN 40 72oN 30 66oN 20 Altitude (kft) 10 60oN 0 0 6 12 18 24 18 19 20 21 22 23 54oN o o o o o Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 180 W 168 W 156 W 144 W 132 W 11 RF03 HIPPO−1 RF02 HIPPO−2 RF02 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 18 20 22 24 26 18 20 22 24 26 18 20 22 24 26 28 RF02 HIPPO−4 RF05 HIPPO−5 50 84oN 40 78oN 30 o 20 72 N Altitude (kft) 10 66oN 0 18 20 22 24 26 28 18 20 22 24 26 28 60oN o o o o o Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 180 W 165 W 150 W 135 W 120 W 12 RF04 HIPPO−1 RF03 HIPPO−2 RF03 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 18 20 22 24 26 28 20 22 24 26 28 30 18 20 22 24 26 28 RF03 HIPPO−4 RF06 HIPPO−5 63oN 50 o 40 54 N 30 45oN 20 Altitude (kft) 36oN 10 27oN 0 18 20 22 24 26 28 18 20 22 24 26 18oN o o o o o o Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 180 W 170 W 160 W 150 W 140 W 130 W 13 RF05 HIPPO−1 RF04 HIPPO−2 RF04 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 20 22 24 26 28 20 22 24 26 28 30 20 22 24 26 28 RF04 HIPPO−4 RF07 HIPPO−5 50 20oN 40 10oN 30 0o 20 Altitude (kft) 10 10oS 0 22 24 26 28 30 32 20 22 24 26 28 30 20oS o o o o o o Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 170 E 180 W 170 W 160 W 150 W 140 W 14 RF06 HIPPO−1 RF05 HIPPO−2 RF05 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 20 22 24 26 28 20 22 24 26 28 20 22 24 26 28 RF05 HIPPO−4 RF08 HIPPO−5 50 16oS 40 o 30 24 S o 20 32 S Altitude (kft) 10 40oS 0 48oS 20 22 24 26 28 30 20 22 24 26 28 30 150oE 165oE 180oW 165oW 150oW Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 15 RF07 HIPPO−1 RF06 HIPPO−2 RF06 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 20 22 24 26 28 30 20 22 24 26 28 30 22 24 26 28 30 RF06 HIPPO−4 RF09 HIPPO−5 50 42oS 40 48oS 30 54oS 20 Altitude (kft) 60oS 10 66oS 0 22 24 26 28 30 32 22 24 26 28 30 32 126oE 144oE 162oE 180oW 162oW Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 16 RF08 HIPPO−1 RF07 HIPPO−2 RF07 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 20 22 24 26 28 30 20 22 24 26 28 30 22 24 26 28 RF07 HIPPO−4 RF10 HIPPO−5 50 40 8oS o 30 16 S 24oS 20 o Altitude (kft) 32 S 40oS 10 125oE 150oE 175oE 160oW 135oW 0 0 2 4 6 8 20 22 24 26 28 30 Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 17 RF09 HIPPO−1 RF08 HIPPO−2 RF08 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 22 24 26 28 30 32 20 22 24 26 28 RF08 HIPPO−4 RF11 HIPPO−5 50 40 20oN 30 10oN 0o 20 10oS Altitude (kft) 20oS 10 30oS 120oE 150oE 180oW 150oW 120oW 90oW 0 2 4 6 8 20 22 24 26 28 Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 18 RF10 HIPPO−1 HIPPO−2 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 16 18 20 22 24 26 0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24 RF09 HIPPO−4 HIPPO−5 50 o 40 40 N 20oN 30 0o 20 Altitude (kft) 20oS 10 40oS 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 6 12 18 24 120oE 160oE 160oW 120oW 80oW Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 19 RF11 HIPPO−1 RF09 HIPPO−2 RF09 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 16 18 20 22 20 22 24 26 28 20 22 24 26 28 30 RF10 HIPPO−4 RF12 HIPPO−5 50 o 40 60 N 48oN 30 36oN 20 Altitude (kft) 24oN 10 12oN o o o o o 0 180 W 150 W 120 W 90 W 60 W 16 18 20 22 20 22 24 26 28 30 Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 20 HIPPO−1 RF10 HIPPO−2 RF10 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 0 6 12 18 24 18 20 22 24 26 28 18 20 22 24 26 o RF11 HIPPO−4 RF13 HIPPO−5 90 N 50 84oN 40 o 30 78 N 20 72oN Altitude (kft) 10 66oN 0 18 20 22 24 26 16 18 20 22 24 26 60oN o o o o Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 180 W 162 W 144 W 126 W 21 HIPPO−1 RF11 HIPPO−2 RF11 HIPPO−3 50 40 30 20 Altitude (kft) 10 0 0 6 12 18 24 18 20 22 24 16 18 20 22 24 RF12 HIPPO−4 RF14 HIPPO−5 50 40 60oN 30 55oN 50oN 20 Altitude (kft) 45oN 10 40oN 160oW 140oW 120oW 100oW 80oW 0 18 20 22 24 26 16 17 18 19 20 21 Time (UT hrs from midnight on take−off day) 22 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Project Leader Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge
    Project Leader Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Location Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge and Battle of Midway National Memorial is located 1,300 miles from the main Hawaiian Islands and is part of the Northwestern Hawaiian Island chain. In addition to being a refuge and national memorial, Midway Atoll is also a part of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, one of the largest protected areas in the world. Midway Atoll is recognized as globally important for breeding albatross and other seabirds, and for its historic and cultural significance. It is also home to Henderson Field, an FAA emergency stop airport for transpacific flights. The island is inhabited year round by a population of ~50 residents that are a mix of FWS employees, volunteers, interns, and contractors of various nationalities. It is a tight, close-knit community where residents work, live, and spend down time together. Skills/Specialized Experience The Project Leader position at Midway Atoll NWR is one of the most unique and challenging refuge management positions in the refuge system. The ideal candidate would have experience working in remote locations, managing a large and diverse group of people, and possess an ability to maintain calm and steady leadership in the face of unexpected challenges. We are looking for a leader who will prioritize the safety, security and wellness of the island residents above all else. Other exciting challenges include complicated logistics as all supplies and personnel must be flown or shipped to the island, working with a variety of partners who rely on the island for staging (Coast Guard), monitoring (NOAA, DOD, etc...) and mission critical amenities (FAA and airport), and managing an airfield, a robust biological program, and the logistics of supporting a remote community.
    [Show full text]
  • OGC-98-5 U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution
    United States General Accounting Office Report to the Chairman, Committee on GAO Resources, House of Representatives November 1997 U.S. INSULAR AREAS Application of the U.S. Constitution GAO/OGC-98-5 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 Office of the General Counsel B-271897 November 7, 1997 The Honorable Don Young Chairman Committee on Resources House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: More than 4 million U.S. citizens and nationals live in insular areas1 under the jurisdiction of the United States. The Territorial Clause of the Constitution authorizes the Congress to “make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property” of the United States.2 Relying on the Territorial Clause, the Congress has enacted legislation making some provisions of the Constitution explicitly applicable in the insular areas. In addition to this congressional action, courts from time to time have ruled on the application of constitutional provisions to one or more of the insular areas. You asked us to update our 1991 report to you on the applicability of provisions of the Constitution to five insular areas: Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (the CNMI), American Samoa, and Guam. You asked specifically about significant judicial and legislative developments concerning the political or tax status of these areas, as well as court decisions since our earlier report involving the applicability of constitutional provisions to these areas. We have included this information in appendix I. 1As we did in our 1991 report on this issue, Applicability of Relevant Provisions of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 (Lql"~ (T~I ~ Fl'u<Y
    ~-----" (t~i ~ fl'U<y 5 (lql"~ MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT AMONG THE STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE AND THE u.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL OCEAN SERVICE AND NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE FOR PROMOTING COORDINATED MANAGEMENT IN THE NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS University Of Hawaii School of Law Library - Jon Van Dyke Archives Collection I. BACKGROUND A. The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) include a vast and remote chain of islands that are a part of the Hawaiian archipelago and provide habitat to numerous species found nowhere else on earth. These islands represent a nearly pristine ecosystem where habitats upon which marine species depend include both land and water. This area represents the majority of the coral reefs found in the United States' jurisdiction and supports more than 7,000 marine species, of which half are unique to the Hawaiian Islands chain. The area is rich in history and represents a place ofciilturaI-sfgnificahcelotheHtlativeHawaiians:lt is an-area that must be carefully managed to ensure that the resources are not diminished for future generations. The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are also the most remote archipelago in the world. This isolation has resulted in need for integrated resource management of this vast and exceptional marine environment. There is a need for coordinated management in this unique and special pl~ce where various State and Federal agencies and advisory councils have a variety of authorities and jurisdiction. B. The area subject to this Agreement is the lands and waters of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands out to 50 nautical miles and includes all atolls, reefs, shoals, banks, and islands from Nihoa Island in the Southeast to Kure Atoll in the Northwest.
    [Show full text]
  • Photographing the Islands of Hawaii
    Molokai Sea Cliffs - Molokai, Hawaii Photographing the Islands of Hawaii by E.J. Peiker Introduction to the Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of eight primary islands and many atolls that extend for 1600 miles in the central Pacific Ocean. The larger and inhabited islands are what we commonly refer to as Hawaii, the 50 th State of the United States of America. The main islands, from east to west, are comprised of the Island of Hawaii (also known as the Big Island), Maui, Kahoolawe, Molokai, Lanai, Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau. Beyond Niihau to the west lie the atolls beginning with Kaula and extending to Kure Atoll in the west. Kure Atoll is the last place on Earth to change days and the last place on Earth to ring in the new year. The islands of Oahu, Maui, Kauai and Hawaii (Big Island) are the most visited and developed with infrastructure equivalent to much of the civilized world. Molokai and Lanai have very limited accommodation options and infrastructure and have far fewer people. All six of these islands offer an abundance of photographic possibilities. Kahoolawe and Niihau are essentially off-limits. Kahoolawe was a Navy bombing range until recent years and has lots of unexploded ordinance. It is possible to go there as part of a restoration mission but one cannot go there as a photo destination. Niihau is reserved for the very few people of 100% Hawaiian origin and cannot be visited for photography if at all. Neither have any infrastructure. Kahoolawe is photographable from a distance from the southern shores of Maui and Niihau can be seen from the southwestern part of Kauai.
    [Show full text]
  • B: Other U.S. Island Possessions in the Tropical Pacific
    Appendix B Other U.S. Island Possessions in the Tropical Pacific1 Introduction Howland, Jarvis, and Baker Islands There are eight isolated and unincorporated is- Howland, Jarvis and Baker are arid coral islands lands and reefs under U.S. control and sovereignty in the southern Line Island group (figure B-l). Aside in the tropical Pacific Basin. Included in this cate- from American Samoa, Jarvis Island is the only gory are: Kingman Reef, Palmyra and Johnston other U.S.-affiliated island in the Southern Hemi- Atolls in the northern Line Island group; Howland, sphere. These islands lie within one-half degree Baker and Jarvis Islands in the southern Line Is- from the equator, in the equatorial climatic zone. land group; Midway Atoll at the northwest end of During the 19th century the United States and the Hawaiian archipelago; and Wake Island north Britain actively exploited the significant guano de- of the Marshall Islands. Evidence indicates that posits found on these three islands. Jarvis Island some of these islands were not inhabited prior to was claimed by the United States in 1857, and sub- “Western” discovery; and today some remain unin- sequently annexed by Britain in 1889. Jarvis, Howland, habited. and Baker Islands were made territories of the These islands range from less than 1 degree south United States in 1936, and placed under the juris- latitude to nearly 29 degrees north latitude and from diction of the Department of the Interior. The is- 162 degrees west to 167 east longitude. The climate lands currently are uninhabited. regimes range from arid to wet and equatorial to These atolls were used as weather stations and subtropical.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Applying Makawalu to Midway Atoll's Visitor Program Kuaihelani, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument by Gina M. Mcgu
    Applying Makawalu to Midway Atoll’s Visitor Program Kuaihelani, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument by Gina M. McGuire B.A. (Stanford University) 2017 A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science in the Graduate Division of the University of Hawaiʻi, Hilo Committee in charge: Dr. Jason P. Turner Dr. Kathryn Besio Mr. Barry W. Stieglitz Spring 2019 1 ABSTRACT Applying Makawalu to Midway Atoll’s Visitor Program: Kuaihelani, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument by Gina M. McGuire Master of Science in Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science University of Hawaiʻi, Hilo Professor Jason P. Turner, Chair This study informs decisionmakers on the stakeholder's views about the feasibility of re- opening visitation to the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge and Battle of Midway National Memorial. Midway Atoll is operated under the National Wildlife Refuge System and is the only area within the surrounding Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument designated to allow for public visitation. Narrative research methodologies including interviewing and participant observation were conducted under the Hawaiian framework of makawalu, literally translating to “eight eyes.” Narrative research provides the context and added complexity to inform decisions about visitation regarding social, ecological, heritage, and economic interests in the Atoll. Stakeholder responses show that the question as to whether visitation “should” be re- opened on Midway is unclear across responses, and that in many cases where there is strong conviction to have visitation, it is only for certain groups and interviewees have serious reservations about visitation program design. Spatial landscape analysis identifies gaps in data availability to determine potential environmental impact on Midway Atoll and the importance of including Indigenous ways of knowing in management.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Checklist of the Fishes of Wake Atoll1
    Annotated Checklist ofthe Fishes ofWake Atoll 1 Phillip S. Lobel2 and Lisa Kerr Lobel 3 Abstract: This study documents a total of 321 fishes in 64 families occurring at Wake Atoll, a coral atoll located at 19 0 17' N, 1660 36' E. Ten fishes are listed by genus only and one by family; some of these represent undescribed species. The first published account of the fishes of Wake by Fowler and Ball in 192 5 listed 107 species in 31 families. This paper updates 54 synonyms and corrects 20 misidentifications listed in the earlier account. The most recent published account by Myers in 1999 listed 122 fishes in 33 families. Our field surveys add 143 additional species records and 22 new family records for the atoll. Zoogeo­ graphic analysis indicates that the greatest species overlap of Wake Atoll fishes occurs with the Mariana Islands. Several fish species common at Wake Atoll are on the IUCN Red List or are otherwise of concern for conservation. Fish pop­ ulations at Wake Atoll are protected by virtue of it being a U.S. military base and off limits to commercial fishing. WAKE ATOLL IS an isolated atoll in the cen­ and Strategic Defense Command. Conse­ tral Pacific (19 0 17' N, 1660 36' E): It is ap­ quentially, access has been limited due to the proximately 3 km wide by 6.5 km long and military mission, and as a result the aquatic consists of three islands with a land area of fauna of the atoll has not received thorough 2 approximately 6.5 km • Wake is separated investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Hawaiian and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex Wilderness Inventory Summary Guam National Wildlife Refuge Mariana
    Hawaiian and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex Wilderness Inventories Hawaiian and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex Wilderness Inventory Summary Table 1. Hawaiian and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex Wilderness Inventory Summary Guam National Wildlife Refuge Guam National Wildlife Refuge Wilderness Inventory Mariana Trench National Wildlife Refuge Mariana Trench National Wildlife Refuge Wilderness Inventory Information Mariana Arc of Fire National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings Wake Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Wake Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Wilderness Inventory Information Johnston Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings Kingman Reef National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings 1 Hawaiian
    [Show full text]
  • Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Seawall Repair Project – Conservation Measures Plan
    Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Seawall Repair Project – Conservation Measures Plan September 27, 2018 Project Description The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) propose to replace sections of Sand Island’s approximate 5,720-foot south seawall, to protect the Henderson Airfield runway and to control erosion of wildlife habitat. The FWS and the FAA have proposed a ten-year period for repairs, as funding is made available. The overall purpose of the project is to repair sections, as needed, of the existing seawall. The project area is located along the south shore of Sand Island within Midway Atoll, which was designated as the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge/Battle of Midway National Memorial (Midway), and is located within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (Monument). Midway is located in the northwestern part of the Hawaiian archipelago at N 28° 12’ and W 177° 21’. Midway Atoll NWR was designated as a National Wildlife Refuge in 1988 and became a part of the Monument in 2006, both of which are administered by the FWS. Part of the seawall protects the Henderson Field runway which is a FAA-designated Extended- range Twin Operations (ETOPS) emergency landing site. This ETPOS site allows for the emergency use of the runway for all flights, charter, commercial or military, over the Pacific Ocean. The adjacent portion protects FWS National Wildlife Refuge land (Figure 1). At this time the FAA and the FWS are in the process of applying for a Standard Individual Permit with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Honolulu District in order to address future repairs or modifications to the existing seawall in the time period 2019-2029.
    [Show full text]
  • GAO-16-382, MIDWAY ATOLL: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Faces
    United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Requesters June 2016 MIDWAY ATOLL U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Faces Many Competing Priorities GAO-16-382 June 2016 MIDWAY ATOLL U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Faces Many Competing Priorities Highlights of GAO-16-382, a report to congressional requesters Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found Midway, a trio of islands about According to officials in the Department of the Interior’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife 1,300 miles from Honolulu, has been Service (FWS), operations funding for Midway Atoll (Midway) has decreased in managed by FWS as a wildlife refuge recent years and project-specific funding has varied. Specifically, budget officials since the closure of a naval base in said that FWS, after increasing the funding allocated to Midway’s operations to 1996. Midway also serves as a more than $4 million by fiscal year 2011, decreased Midway’s allocation by more national memorial to a historic World than $1 million by fiscal years 2012 and 2013. These officials said that the lower War II battle. GAO was asked to allocation led to suspension of public visitation on Midway in November 2012, review FWS’s management of Midway. which, in turn, decreased operations funding available from fees collected for This report examines (1) funding for services such as lodging. Midway has also received funding for specific projects, operations and projects on Midway for such as lead-based paint abatement. In addition, under an interagency fiscal years 2009 to 2015, (2) how agreement, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has reimbursed FWS up to FWS maintained historic properties on $3 million per year for the direct costs of operating Midway’s Henderson Airfield Midway and the extent to which it and provided additional funds for capital improvement projects, such as consulted with key parties and sought resurfacing runways.
    [Show full text]
  • Midway Seabird Protection Plan Story
    Midway Seabird Protection Plan - Draft Environmental Assessment The information on this website is intended to supplement the official draft environmental assessment, not replace it. For the official record of documents and findings, please visit https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Midway_Atoll. Midway Seabird Protection Plan – Draft Environmental Assessment Learn About the Emerging Threat Welcome to Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge. Midway Atoll is 1,200 miles northwest of Honolulu near the end of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Midway Seabird Protection Plan - Draft Environmental Assessment The information on this website is intended to supplement the official draft environmental assessment, not replace it. For the official record of documents and findings, please visit https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Midway_Atoll. It is inside one of the largest protected areas in the world. This tiny atoll is home to over 3 million seabirds. And the world's largest colonies of Laysan and Black-footed albatross. Midway Seabird Protection Plan - Draft Environmental Assessment The information on this website is intended to supplement the official draft environmental assessment, not replace it. For the official record of documents and findings, please visit https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Midway_Atoll. But in 2015, a new threat emerged. Midway Seabird Protection Plan - Draft Environmental Assessment The information on this website is intended to supplement the official draft environmental assessment, not replace it. For the official record of documents and findings, please visit https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Midway_Atoll. Warning: Some of the following content is disturbing and contains images of dead and wounded albatross. Link to Video with Matt Brown Mice were attacking adult albatross as they sat on their nests - essentially eating the birds alive.
    [Show full text]
  • War and the Birds of Midway Atoll
    THE CONDOR VOLUME 48 JANUARY-FEBRUARY, 1946 NUMBER 1 WAR AND THE BIRDS OF MIDWAY ATOLL By HARVEY I. FISHER and PAUL H. BALDWIN Concern about the fate of the Laysan Rail and the Laysan Finch and about the possible effect of war activities on insular populations of birds in the Hawaiian Archi- pelago led the National Park Service, the Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Board of Agriculture and Forestry of the Territory of Hawaii to make a survey of the bird life of Midway Atoll. The United States Navy cooperated in furnishing air transportation to and from Midway. This report combines the observations of Baldwin who represented the federal bureaus, and of Fisher who represented the territorial board. ,The original plan was to capture, if possible, rails and finches for transplanting back to their original home, ‘Laysan Island, and to observe the effects of the war on populations of birds at any islands visited. A careful search from May 7 to 18, 1945, convinced us that no rails or finches re- mained on either Eastern or Sand islands, the two islands constituting Midway; conse- quently, we did not go to Laysan but spent the entire time observing the birds on Mid- way. We attempted to obtain accurate estimates of the number of colonies and of the sizes of the populations of the various species.‘This information was to provide the basis for comparing present bird life with pre-war bird life to determine the trend of the populations. Subsequent perusal of published notes and articles, however, indicated that few observers had estimated the numbers of birds present, and those doing so did not distinguish between breeding and migrating individuals and did not record the means by which they arrived at their estimates.
    [Show full text]