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The following supplement accompanies the article

REVIEW

Marine in gillnet and other entangling net , 1990 to 2011

Randall R. Reeves1, Kate McClellan2,3,*, Timothy B. Werner2,4

1Okapi Wildlife Associates, 27 Chandler Lane, Hudson, J0P 1H0, Canada 2Consortium for Wildlife Bycatch Reduction, John H. Prescott Marine Laboratory, Aquarium, Central Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA 3Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA 4Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA

*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Endangered Species Research 20: 71–97 (2013)

Supplement. The Supplement contains the complete tables compiled for this study. The Literature Cited section provides the references for tables in both the main paper and this supplement

Table S1. All odontocete bycatch mortality in gillnets before 1990 (from IWC 1994) and from 1990 to 2010. Pre-1990 numbers are annual estimates determined by 1990 IWC workshop participants. Numbers for 1990 to 2010 are generally not annual, but rather counts or estimates (as given in the source documents) for 1 yr (single number), totals over a range of years (a), or a range of annual numbers over a range of years (b) in some instances with a count for the low end and an estimate for the high end; thus, a number and dash appear in the Count column and a number with no punctuation in the Estimate column). Source numbers refer to the 'Literature Cited' at the end of this supplement. Note that numbers are as reported in the literature and, therefore, for most species and areas, they are negatively biased to an unknown but often probably large degree. Unk.: unknown; no information available; NA: not applicable Pre– 1990–2010 Species Location Years/Notes Sources 1990 Count Estimate Delphinidae Undifferentiated NA <5– 45b 1990–2001 25, 146 Southwest Pacific Delphinus spp. Southeast Pacific NA 93 1990 530 South Korea NA 8–136b 2001–2007 22–24, 498–501 NA 1– 1035b 1990–1994 285, 368–371 25, 26, 28, 103, 215, 218, 228, Delphinus delphis >1000 1–15b 1990–2009 230, 232, 288, 420, 425, 426, 429, 430, 538 New Zealand NA 14a 1998–2008 191, 504 Japan Some <2b 1994–95 284, 285 Ecuador NA 1118 1993 198 Peru >50 116a 2005–2007 344 Brazil Some 1a 1991–1993 168 Ghana NA 1a 1998–2000 393 72, 261, 401, 211– 518, 520, 543– Northwest Atlantic 11–893b 1990–2009 422 547, 549–551, 553, 554 51, 86, 87, 131, 190, 227, 251, 260, 262, 263, 321, 323, 386– European Atlantic Some 1– 2522b 1990–2009 388, 390, 447, 456, 457, 459, 461, 470, 485, 486, 496, 497, 509, 511 2002–2003; 10,000 represents 1823.5 – Strait of Gibraltar NA combined short– 260, 516 >10,000 beaked common and striped dolphins 7, 132–144, Mediterranean 400 144–183 1990–2005 209, 481, 486 3, 94, 96, 391, D. d. ponticus Black NA 1–297b 1968–2008 414, 433 9, 344, 525, Delphinus capensis Peru < 50 7– 1186b 1991–2008 530, 531 Gulf of California > 50 43 2005 417 69, 117, 122– US West Coast >50 5–39b 1992–2008 124, 207 China and Taiwan NA <1b 1999–2001 153, 420 Indian Ocean >1000 India NA <2b 2004–06 305, 564 Oman NA 1 2002 355 South Africa 33 10–40b 2001–05 395–399 Ghana NA <10b 1998–2008 177, 393 Western Pacific, 18, 153, 172, Lagenodelphis hosei Indian, and Eastern Some 1– 31b 1991–2005 177, 188, 393, Atlantic 540, 555 205, 377, 378, North Atlantic Some 1– 15b 1990–2007 albirostris 380, 381, 382 72a, 205, 251, 401, 461, 497, Lagenorhynchus 1990–2009; North Atlantic <5 1– 240b 503, 520, 541– acutus mostly western 545, 548–552, 554 22, 23, 39, 68, North Pacific 69, 123–125, Lagenorhynchus (Canada, United 11,000 1– 4519b 1990–2006 208, 255, 368, obliquidens States, South Korea, 369, 491, 498– Japan, Russia) 501, 559 Lagenorhynchus South Africa Some 6 1986–1998 90 obscurus obscurus 343, 345, 525, L. o. fitzroyi Peru >1800 2– 1284b 1990–2008 530, 531 L. o. unnamed New Zealand 20–50 <1 1990–2009 129, 151, 152 subspecies

Lagenorhynchus Low South America Some 1994–1997 224, 325 australis 10s

2 Lagenorhynchus All NA Unk. cruciger 65, 195, 218, attenuata Australia > 130 <5b 1993–2009 245 Philippines Some Yes 1991 188 Taiwan NA 300 1993 153, 540 Colombia NA Yes 1993 362 Ecuador Some 2– 26b 1993–2009 128, 198 Brazil NA <1b 2002–2006 166, 452 Ghana NA 1–14b 1998–2004 177, 393 17, 18, 292, East Africa NA <10a 2000–2006 440, 441 Northern Indian >1500 Ocea India NA 193 1991 172 Sri Lanka NA <1b 2004–2006 305, 564 Malaysia NA Probable 1997–2004 273 182, 183, 348, Stenella frontalis Brazil Some <10b 1990–2005 422, 567 Northwest Atlantic 13-26 Unk. Caribbean 1 Unk. Ghana NA <5b 1998–2003 177, 393 65, 103, 216– Stenella longirostris Southwest Pacific >1000 5a 1999–2009 218, 228, 232, 233 Peru NA Yes 1991–1998 343 204, 348, 425, Brazil NA <1b 1990–2009 567 Venezuela 1 Yes 1997 463 Ghana NA <5b 1998–2002 144, 393 Madagascar NA 15 2000–2005 435 Zanzibar NA 1–>50b 1995–2008 16, 17, 440, 441 India Some 3–17b 1993–2006 305, 434, 564 Sri Lanka > 4000 1621 1991 172 Taiwan and Some >18b 1991–2001 153, 188, 420 Philippines Australiasia > 1000 165–167, 422, Stenella clymene Brazil NA <10b 1994–2004 567 Venezuela 1 Yes 1997 463 Ghana NA 1–31b 1998–2008 177, 393 Stenella 72a, 518, 549, US East Coast 22-44 2–57b 1990–1998 coeruleoalba 551, 553 167, 168, 422, Brazil NA <1b 1990–2002 567 51, 87, 131, 190, 227, 251, Northeast Atlantic Some 1– 1793b 1990–2008 262, 263, 461, 470, 496 2003; combined short– Strait of Gibraltar NA >10,000 beaked common 516 and striped dolphins 2, 64, 102, 104, 132–144, 184– 5000– Mediterranean Sea 1– 1800b 1990–2008 186, 192, 209, 10,000 210, 260, 261, 268, 269, 289,

3 321, 347, 357, 366, 407, 411, 481, 486, 517 Sri Lanka > 700 200 1991 172 285, 286, 420, Northwest Pacific Some 3–80b 1990–1999 561 US West Coast NA 6 1994 67 25, 27, 230, Undifferentiated Australia NA <5b 1990–2007 232, 245, 334, Tursiops sp. 429, 430 72a, 401, 518, Tursiops truncatus US East Coast Some 14–340b 1990–2008 520, 541–545, 551–553 2, 132–144, 110– 185, 209, 260, Mediterranean Sea 1– 35b 1991–2008 455 261, 289, 338, 407, 481 27, 28, 103, 215, 216, 228, Southwest Pacific >1700 10a 1993–2007 232, 288, 425, 429, 430 22, 153, 420, Northwest Pacific Some <5 1999–2005 498, 501 343, 345, 525, Peru NA 1– 311b 1990–2008 530, 531 Ecuador NA 2 2009 128 Venezuela Some Yes 463 98, 108, 165, 167, 168, 183, Brazil Some 1–11b 1990–2005 193, 212, 422, 567 Ghana <10 <10 1994–2010 177, 393 16–18, 175, East Africa 11-44 1– 300b 1993–2008 292, 435, 439– 441 1, 3, 94, 96, 223, 261, 391, T. t. ponticus Black Sea Unk. 1– 1500b 1990–2009 406, 414, 433, 507 15–19, 292, Tursiops aduncus Southeast Africa NA 22–50b 1995–2008 373, 395–399, 439, 440 India NA 5a 2004–2006 305, 564 Malaysia NA Probable 1997–2004 273 Taiwan NA Yes 1999–2001 153, 420 Australia NA <2b 2002–2009 218, 334 85, 224, 226, 270, 474, 478, South America Some 1– 179b 1993–2009 479, Goodall commersonii pers comm. 2011 Cephalorhynchus 106,171, 400, All (Chile) Some 116a 1989–91 eutropia 437, 444 Cephalorhynchus All (Southwest Some Unk. heavisidii Africa) Cephalorhynchus 60, 130, 146– All (New Zealand) 27–95 1–20b 1990–2009 hectori 152, 191 All (North Island, C. h. NA >10a 2001–03 New Zealand) 146–148, 171

4 Lissodelphis 9,000– Northwest Pacific 19,000 1990–1994 368–370, 505 borealis 19,000b 68, 69, 122– US West Coast Some 5–71b 1991–2008 124, 207 Lissodelphis peronii Peru >5 1a 1990 445 Chile NA 2 1990 527 Feresa attenuata Sri Lanka >170 50a 1991–1992 172 Philippines NA Yes 1991 188 Brazil NA 1 2005 348 Ghana NA 1 2005 177 Central North Pacific Some Unk Peru Some Unk. 72a, 518, 520, Undifferentiated US East Coast 54-108 9–132 1990–1998 549, 551, 553, Globicephala spp. 554 51, 251, 337, European Atlantic NA 1– 59 1993–2009 449 64, 131–144, Globicephala melas Mediterranean Sea 50–100 1– 132b 1986–2003 189 78, 227, 461, North Atlantic NA 1– 14b 1990–2001 503 Taiwan NA Yes 1999–2001 153 G. m. edwardii Brazil NA <3b 1990–1993 566, 567 Peru NA Yes 1991 343 Globicephala Indian Ocean >100 <1b –2008 292 macrorhynchus Ghana NA 1–12b 1994–2010 177, 393 South America < 10 2–117b 1990–1993 198, 445, 530 Taiwan NA 30 1993 540 Japan >10 Unk. California Some Unk. Peru <10 Unk. 72a, 401, 518, 1.5– Grampus griseus Northwest Atlantic 76-152 1990–2007 520, 543, 545, 144b 549, 552, 553 Ireland NA 17a 1996, 1998 251, 461 France NA 7 1993 227, 263 Spain NA 3 2004 323 132–144, 185, Mediterranean Sea 30–100 1– 79b 1990–2003 261, 407, 411, 481, 517 Ghana NA <5b 1998–2008 177, 393 Zanzibar NA <20a 2000–2006 17, 18, 440, 441 India NA 4a 2004–2006 305, 564 Sri Lanka >1300 123 1991 172 22, 188, 327, Northwest Pacific Some 1– 180b 1991–2005 494, 498–501, 540, 561, 568 68, 69, 122– Northeast Pacific Some 6–42b 1991–2008 124, 207 Peru 1 <1b 1992–2007 345, 530 Ecuador NA 2 2009 128 57, 58, 73, 75, All (Bangladesh, 76, 178, 273, Mahakam River, 303, 304, 346, Malampaya Sound, Some 1–32b 1990–2007 brevirostris 436, 492, 493, Mekong River, and 495 Songkhla Lake)

5 28, 228, 230, Orcaella heinsohni Australia NA <5b 1993–2007 232, 233, 245, 425, 426 All (Global 33, 118,189, Orcinus orca Some 1– 6b 1993–2004 distribution) 393, 498, 501 Peponocephala 172, 177, 188, All (Circumtropical) <10 1–73 1992–2008 electra 292, 348, 393 Pseudorca Sri Lanka >125 33 1991–1992 172 crassidens India NA 2 1992 283 China and Japan Some Unk. Australia >11 1 2001 429 South America Some <1 1990–1997 183, 343, 463 Ghana NA <5b 1998–2003 177, 393 Sousa teuszii West Africa Some 1 2008 157, 556 25–28, 214– 216, 228, 230, Sousa chinensis Australia > 100 <10b 1990–2007 245, 334, 425, 429, 430 Indian Ocean Some Unk. Hong Kong NA 3a 1995–2004 274 Malaysia NA Yes 1997 273 India NA <2b 2004–2006 305, 564 Kenya NA Yes 2008 292 Zanzibar NA 1–5b 1995–2008 15–18, 439–441 Mozambique NA Yes 1997–2008 242, 292 Madagascar NA 12a 2000–05 435 South Africa 7.5 <10 1990–2005 53, 396–399 All (Amazon River fluviatilis >90 <2b 1996–2007 412, 422, 451 basin) 30, 56, 77, 98, All (Coastal marine 160, 165–167, in Northern South 174, 182, 183, Sotalia guianensis NA 3– 115b 2003–2009 America and Central 193, 202, 204, America) 350, 359, 422, 423, 451, 567 166–168, 177, South Atlantic Steno bredanensis Some 1–6b 1990–2010 183, 359, 393, (Ghana, Brazil) 422, 560 Sri Lanka >50 35 1991 172 Taiwan NA Yes 1999–2001 153, 420 Mediterranean Some Unk. Phocoenidae 72a, 97, 105, 205, 261, 311, 100s– 237– phocoena Northwest Atlantic 1990–2009 324, 401, 512– 1000s 2900b 514, 518, 519, 541–554 pre–1998–2008; 6900 is an 100, 236, 237, /Barents Sea 100 26– 6900b annual estimate 383, for 2006–2008 50, 190, 258, 266, 264, 282, 320, 321, 323, European Atlantic Some 1– 1497b 1990–2010 364, 387–390, (other than Norway) 446–448, 454, 458–460, 470, 481, 510

6 39, 40, 42–49, 173, 180, 185, 100– 240– 207, 247, 248, North Sea 1990–2009 700 >8000b 266, 310–314, 449–451, 490, 536 40–49, 79–84, 114, 199, 200, Kattegat, Skagerrak, 236, 251, 282, 200 8– >200b 1990–2007 and Baltic 295–301, 306, 383, 468,481, 490, 535 1, 3, 94–96, 223, 261, 391, P. p. relicta Black Sea NA 6– 100sb 1990–2008 406, 414, 433, 506–508 68–70, 115, 119, 120, 123, P. p. vomerina US West Coast 20-300 2– 136b 1990–2008 125, 126, 206, 208, 519 2-low 13, 31, 35, 36, 1– 51b 1990–2008 tens 201, 255, 491 239, 240, 246, British Columbia Some 2– 146b 1991–2005 559 P. p. unnamed 21, 23, 498–501 South Korea NA 16–80b 2001–2006 subspecies Russia NA 11–199b 1992–2008 39 22, 23, 52, 153, All (Northern Indian 156, 272, 273, Ocean and Neophocaena spp. Some 1– 2131.5b 1990–2006 280, 305, 420, Northwestern 493, 494, 498– Pacific) 501, 561, 569 All (Northern Gulf 163, 164, 415, Phocoena sinus 30–40 2– 168 1990–2004 of California) 416, 462, 533 Phocoena dioptrica Argentina Unk. 6 2006 478 >450 9, 343, 344, Phocoena Peru with 10– >200 1990–2008 444, 445, 525, spinipinnis Chile 530, 531 >450 Chile with 134 1989–1991 400 Peru Argentina >12 <10b 2001–2006 475, 477, 478 39, 285, 296, 741– 400– Phocoenoides dalli Northwest Pacific 1992–2008 368–371, 498, 4187 2500 499, 501 34, 68, 69, 122, 201, 207, 239, Northeast Pacific NA 1– 97b 1990–2005 240, 246, 255, 491, 559 g. Amazon River Some 26a 1990–2004 165, 167, 515 geoffrensis I. g. Amazon River, NA Some 1998–1999 10 boliviensis Bolivia 30, 107, 108, Rio de Janeiro and 163, 177, 182, Pontoporiidae Espirito Santo (FMA NA 1–110b 1990–2009 183, 199, 204, I) 472

7 88, 89, 98, 158, 162, 165, 166, Santa Catarina to NA 1– 500b 1990–2007 167, 193, 404, Sao Paulo (FMA II) 423, 424, 451, 464, 465, 472 5, 30, 159, 160, 165–168, 204, Rio Grande do Sul 211, 291, 342, and Uruguay (FMA 90 1– 990b 1990–2010 350, 363, 402– III) 404, 424, 425, 431, 451, 452, 471–473, 566 101, 179, 472, 92– Argentina (IV) >230 2001–2009 474–476, 478, <2000b 479 Brahmaputra River, Platanistidae Some 10–60b 1993–2004 71, 346, 537 India Monodon All (Atlantic ) NA Unk. monoceros Delphinapterus Alaska <30 <10 1990–2009 13, 254, 255 leucas 69, 112, 128, 152, 172, 177, All (Global tropical Kogiidae Some 1–30b 1990–2009 198, 234, 420, and warm temperate) 422, 528, 540, 551, 567 Physeteridae Physeter 72a, 227, 264, North Atlantic NA 1–7b 1992–1996 macrocephalus 459, 520 184, 185, 312, Mediterranean Sea 20–30 >100 1986–2000 366, 408 Brazil NA Yes 1990–1998 422, 567 Ecuador NA 1–3b 1994–1996 196 Sri Lanka <1 Unk. Northwest Atlantic Some 1 1995 286 Low Northeast Atlantic Unk. tens 39, 69, 110, 129, 132–145, 161, 172, 177, 10s– Ziphiidae All (Global) Some 1990–2009 185, 189, 376, 100s 444, 445, 498– 500, 519, 520, 530, 540 Beradius arnuxii All Some Unk. Beradius bairdii All Some South Korea NA <1b 2001–2003 498, 500 Hyperdon North Atlantic Some <1b 2001–2008 161, 376 ampullatus Hyperdon planifrons All Some Unk. Indopacetus Sri Lanka NA 3 1991 172 pacificus Mesoplodon hectori All NA Unk. Mesoplodon mirus All NA Unk. Mesoplodon All NA Unk. europaeus Mesoplodon bidens Northwest Atlantic NA Yes 1990 519 Mesoplodon grayi New Zealand NA 1 1993 189

8 Mesoplodon Peru Some 1–3b 1990–1993 444, 445, 530 peruvianus Mesoplodon All NA Unk. bowdoini Mesoplodon All NA Unk. traversii Mesoplodon Low US West Coast 11–22b 1992–1994 69 carlhubbsi tens Mesoplodon All NA Unk. ginkgodens Mesoplodon US West Coast NA 6 1994 69 stejnegeri South Korea NA <5b 2002–2003 499, 500 Mesoplodon layardii All NA Unk. Mesoplodon Taiwan NA Yes 2000 540 densirostris Sri Lanka Some Unk. Mesoplodon perrini All NA Unk. Tasmacetus All NA Unk. shepherdi Low Ziphius cavirostris US West Coast Unk. 22–44b 1992–1995 69 tens Russia NA 1–12b 1992–2008 40 Taiwan NA Yes 2000 540 Sri Lanka <1 Unk. 110, 132–145, Mediterranean Sea <10 1–2b 1990–2009 185, 222 Ghana NA 1 1994 177 25–29, 103, Unknown 214–216, 227, Australia 1– 73b 1990–2009 Odontocetes 228, 232, 235, 334, 425, 426 Philippines 568 1991 188 570– Taiwan 1993–2004 420, 540 41,000b China <913 1994 562 Hong Kong 1 2004 257 286, 368–370, Japan 2– 664b 1990–1996 523 South Korea 1–3 2002–2007 22, 23, 499–501 British Columbia 1 2001 246 Colombia 10 1991 77 9, 344, 345, Peru 4– 20,000b 1990–2004 445, 525, 530, 531 165, 182, 183, Brazil 1–162b 1991–2004 419, 423, 424, 451 Venezuela 5000 1990 463 131, 227, 251, 262, 263, 338, European Atlantic 1– 1754 1992–2009 377–384, 394, 461, 497 Mediterranean Sea 1– 62b 1991–2007 4, 109, 185, 481 Black Sea 5 2009 508 Ghana 1–12b 2000–2007 177 South Africa 1–2b 1996–2002 396 Mayotte 2 1997 432

9 Zanzibar 4–19b 1995–2000 16, 17 Sri Lanka 175 1991 172 Myanmar <5b 1995–2005 522 Cambodia 50 2001 74 Mekong River 1 2001 73 Malaysia 1017 1997 273

Table S2. All mysticete bycatch mortality in gillnets before 1990 (from IWC 1994) and from 1990 to 2010. Pre-1990 numbers are annual estimates determined by 1990 IWC workshop participants. Numbers for 1990 to 2010 are generally not annual but rather counts or estimates (as given in the source documents) for 1 yr (single number), totals over a range of years (a), or a range of annual numbers over a range of years (b) in some instances with a count for the low end and an estimate for the high end). Source numbers refer to the 'Literature Cited' at the end of this supplement. Note that numbers are as reported in the literature and, therefore, for most species and areas, they are negatively biased to an unknown, but often probably large degree. Unk.: unknown, no information available; NA: not applicable

Pre– 1990– Species Location Years/Notes Sources 1990 2010 All (Arctic and sub– Balaena mysticetus NA Unk. Arctic) 72a, 219, Eubalaena glacialis All (Northwest Atlantic) <1 <4b 1990–2006 275, 326, 544, 554 Eubalaena japonica All (North Pacific) <1 Unk. Eubalaena australis Australia NA 1,3 1993, 1995 27, 426 New Zealand < 1 Unk. South Africa <1 1 2000 352 Brazil NA 1,6 2003, 2010 167, 427 Balaenopteridae European Atlantic NA 1 1992, 1995 131, 449 physalus Mediterranean Sea <1 <1b 1986–1999 185, 392 Northwest Atlantic < 1 Unk. South Korea 1 2002 499 Northern Indian Ocean <1 Unk. All (North Atlantic, North Balaenoptera Pacific, and Southern NA Unk. borealis Hemisphere) Balaenoptera edeni Brazil <1 1 2005 193 Oman NA 1 2000, 2001 356 All (Southern Japan to Balaenoptera omurai Indonesia and Papua New NA Unk. Guinea) Balaenoptera All (Global except Arctic) NA Unk. musculus Balaenoptera Chile NA 1 2004 180 acutorostrata 385, 445, Peru NA 1 1991, 1993 529 Togo NA 1 1999 480 87, 249, B. b. acutorostrata Northeast Atlantic Some <1b 1993–2005 263, 534 450, 468, Mediterranean Sea < 4 <1b 1998–2004 516 66, 72a, Northwest Atlantic 10–20 1–10b 1990–2009 205, 277, 278, 313,

10 315, 316, 318, 329, 331– 333, 384, 520, 545, 551, 554, 555 B. a. scammoni Northwest Pacific <10 20, 22, 24, South Korea NA 303a 1996–2008 498—501 Japan NA 2 2005 358 Russia NA 1–22 1992–2002 39 Low 69, 70, US West Coast 1–12b 1994–1999 10s 121, 279 Balaenoptera All () NA Unk. bonaerensis Megaptera 8, 14, 166, South America <1 <5b 1995–2005 novaeangliae 197, 421 72a, 275, 277, 313– 315, 328– Northwest Atlantic 5–20 <3b 1990–2009 333, 545, 547, 548, 551–553 Northeast Atlantic NA 1, 3 1997, 2003 378, 455 Indian Ocean Some Arabian Sea NA <1 1990–2009 63, 354 17, 292, Zanzibar NA 4a 2002–2004 439 South Africa NA <3b 1994–2008 352, 398 11, 33, 36, Alaska <2 <5b 1992–2005 201, 253– 255 US West Coast Some 6 1994 69 27, 103, 215, 216, Australia Unk. <3b 1992–2008 230, 232, 245, 256, 429 Indonesia NA 1 2008 367 Northwest Pacific Some South Korea NA 1 2005 22 Eschrichtiidae 13, 33, 35, Low 59, 201, Eschrichtius robustus Northeast Pacific <10b 1990–2009 10s 255, 279, 518, 563 Neobalaenidae All (Circumpolar in Caperea marginata <1 4a 2002–2003 103, 147 Southern Hemisphere) Unknown Mysticete Northwest Atlantic 1 2001 250 Russia 1–7b 1990–2008 39 63, 354, Oman 1–3b 2000–2010 355

11 Table S3. All reported bycatch mortality in gillnets before 1990 (from Woodley & Lavigne 1991) and from 1990 to 2010. Pre-1990 numbers are estimates based on the literature review by Woodley & Lavigne (1991). Numbers for 1990 to 2010 are generally not annual but rather counts or estimates (as given in the source documents) for 1 yr (single number), totals over a range of years (a), or a range of annual numbers over a range of years (b) in some instances with a count for the low end and an estimate for the high end; thus, a number and dash appear in the Count column and a number with no punctuation in the Estimate column). Source numbers refer to the 'Literature Cited' at the end of this supplement. Note that numbers are as reported in the literature and, therefore, for most species and areas, they are negatively biased to an unknown but often probably large degree. Unk.: unknown, no information available; NA: not applicable

Pre- 1990–2010 Species Location Years/Notes Sources 1990 Count Estimate Otariidae Arctocephalus 292, 417, Australia Unk. 1–30b 1990–2004 pusillus 548 South Africa Unk. Yes 1990 558 Arctophoca All (Antarctic) Unk. Unk. gazella Arctophoca All (Subantarctic) Unk. Unk. tropicalis Arctophoca South America Some <1b 1991–2002 342, 343 australis gracilis 288, 409, A. a. forsteri New Zealand Some <1b 1989–2004 466, 467 Arctophoca All (Galapagos) Unk. Unk. galapagoensis All (Juan Fernández Arctophoca Islands and California Unk. Unk. philippii to Gulf of California) Callorhinus 100s– North Pacific 25– 5,200b 1977–1991 294, 306 ursinus 1000s Russia 2–54b 1992–2008 39 Alaska 1–49b 1990–1992 255 68, 69, Zalophus 1000– All (Northeast Pacific) 5–3534b 1990–2010 122, 123, californianus 4000 125, 207 Zalophus All (Galapagos) Unk. Unk. wollebaeki Eumetopias Alaska >700 5– 35b 1991–1993 255, 491 jubatus 32, 35, British Columbia Unk 6–91b 1991–2002 253–255 US West Coast Unk. 1–8b 1992–1996 253, 255 220, 247, All (Southwest Neophoca cinerea Unk. 1– 237b 1990–2007 248, 287, Australia) 372, 482 Phocarctos All (Southern New Unk. Unk. Trawl only hookeri Zealand) Otaria byronia Peru and Brazil Yes Yes 1991–2003 342, 343 All (Circumpolar Odobenidae Unk. Unk. Arctic and subarctic) Phocidae

Erignathus Atlantic Unk. 1– 16b 1990–2009 394 barbatus barbatus

E. b. nauticus Pacific Unk. < 10b 1992–1994 67, 491

12 Phoca vitulina 7a2, 520, Northwest Atlantic < 50 93–1471b 1990–2009 vitulina 541–554 10s– 169, 259, Northeast Atlantic 35– 366b 2001–2009 100s 260, 394 Baltic Sea Unk. 461 2001 339, 340 68–70, 115, 116, 100s– P. v. richardsi US West Coast 6–1720b 1990–2008 121–123, 1000s 125, 126, 207 Alaska 50–70 70–120b 1990–1993 255, 491 Northwest Pacific 100s Unk. Phoca largha Russia < 30 <10b 1990–1994 67, 255 39, 67, Pusa hispida All (Arctic) Yes 1– 17b 1992–2010 374, 394 P. h. botnica All (Baltic Sea) Unk. 12 2001 339, 340 P. h. ladogensis All (Lake Ladoga) Unk. 351 2003 532 1992–2008; 30–40% of seals under 448, 449, P. h. saimensis All (Lake Saimaa) Unk. >80a 2 yr and <3 487, 488 adults die in nets annually Pusa caspica All (Caspian Sea) Unk. 6– 12,000 2000–2009 187, 194 Pusa sibirica All (Lake Baikal) Unk. Unk. Halichoerus 72a, 260, Northwest Atlantic Yes 18–1063b 1993–2009 grypus grypus 541–554 92, 93, 99, 169, 259, H. g. All (European 1000– 1– 315b 1990–2009 260, 290, macrorhynchus Atlantic, Baltic Sea) 1500 339, 341, 394 Histriophoca 10s– Russia 32–310b 1992–2008 39 fasciata 100s 259, 260, Pagophilus All (North Atlantic 1000s– 100s– 1990–2009 394, 489, groenlandicus and Arctic) 100,000 46,394b 541–554 Cystophora All (North Atlantic 394, 542, Yes 1– 82b 1995–2008 cristata and Arctic) 548, 549 38, 238, Monachus All (Mediterranean <10 1–9b 1990–2008 276, 281, monachus Sea) 405 Monachus All () Some Unk. <1b 1994–2007 69, 125 schauinslandi All (Circumpolar in Mirounga leonina Unk. 2 1998 288 Southern Hemisphere) 68, 69, Mirounga All (Central and < 10 5– 314b 1990–2003 122, 126, angustirostris Eastern North Pacific) 207

Leptonychotes All (Circumpolar in Unk. Unk. weddellii Southern Hemisphere)

Ommatophoca All (Circumpolar in Unk. Unk. rossii Southern Hemisphere) Lobodon All (Circumpolar in Unk. Unk. carcinophaga Southern Hemisphere)

All (Circumpolar in Hydrurga leptonyx Unk. 2 –1998 288 Southern Hemisphere)

13 Unidentified Australia 1–7b 1994–2004 220, 289 pinniped Russia 5a 1992–1993 39 1–35b 2004–2009 394 1 2009 262

Table S4. All reported sirenian and mustelid bycatch mortality in gillnets from 1990 to 2010. Numbers for 1990 to 2010 are generally not annual, but rather counts or estimates (as given in the source documents) for 1 yr (single number), totals over a range of years (a), or a range of annual numbers over a range of years (b) in some instances with a count for the low end and an estimate for the high end; thus, a number and dash appear in the Count column and a number with no punctuation in the Estimate column). Source numbers refer to the 'Literature Cited' at the end of this supplement. Note that numbers are as reported in the literature and, therefore, for most species and areas, they are negatively biased to an unknown, but often probably large degree. Unk.: unknown, no information available; NA: not applicable 1990-2010 Species Location Years/Notes References Count Estimate Trichechidae Trichechus manatus Florida Some 1990–2007 213 Mexico 2 2007 453

54, 72a, 113, Caribbean Sea Some Early 1990s 319, 353, 361

Brazil 13a 1987–2002 173, 410 Trichechus Guinea–Bissau 185a 1990–1998 484 senegalensis Sierra Leon Yes 2007–2008 360 Nigeria Yes 2007–2008 360 Cameroon Yes 2007–2008 360 Guinea 39 2004 524 Trichechus inunguis Brazil <1b 1990–2002 413 Colombia 6a 2000–2005 349 Orinoco River 39a 1980–2004 127, 438 Dugongidae Dugong dugon United Arab Emirates 15b Early 1990s 61, 62 18, 145, 155, 156, 170, 241, 292, East Africa 1–24b 1990–2004 293, 351, 365, 428, 432, 539, 557 Northern Indian Ocean 1–20b 1990–2006 265–267 Thailand 40a 1990–1995 6 Cambodia Yes Unk. 72b, 351 Malaysia 4– 493b 1994–2004 273, 351 Singapore 1 1998 336 Japan <10a 1965–2004 284, 483, 523 27, 55, 91, 229, 231, Australia 1–36b 1990–2010 234, 235, 245, 335, 351 Mustelidae Enhydra lutris lutris Northwest Pacific 3a 1996–2001 252, 270, 301 E. l. kenyoni Northeast Pacific 1–12b 1990–2007 37 E. l. nereis Central California 1– 64b 1990–2005 37, 206 Lontra felina Peru 1–2b 1991–2008 343

14 LITERATURE CITED

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