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Meetings and Announcements 3. the prohibition of painful sur­ b. inspect and report to the Board on gical procedures without the use of a the treatment of animals in commer­ properly administered anesthesia; cial farming; MEETINGS !!!!! and c. investigate all complaints and alle­ ANNOUNCEMENTS 4. provisions for a licensing system gations of unfair treatment of for all farms. Such system shall in­ animals; clude, but shall not be limited to, the d. issue in writing, without prior hear­ following requirements: ing, a cease and desist order to any i. all farms shall b'e inspected person if the Commission has reason prior to the issuance of a I icense. to believe that that person is causing, ii. farms shall thereafter be in­ engaging in, or maintaining any spected at least once a year. condition or activity which, in the iii. minimum requirements shall Director's judgment, will result in or be provided to insure a healthy is likely to result in irreversible or ir­ life for every farm animal. These reparable damage to an animal or its requirements shall include, but environment, and it appears prejudi­ not be limited to: cial to the interests of the [State] a. proper space allowances; {United States] to delay action until b. proper nutrition; an opportunity for a hearing can be c. proper care and treatment provided. The order shall direct such of animals; and person to discontinue, abate or allevi­ d. proper medical care. .ate such condition, activity, or viola­ f. The Board may enter into contract tion. A hearing shall be provided with with any person, firm, corporation or ____ days to allow the person to FORTHCOMING association to handle things neces­ show that each condition, activity or MEETINGS sary or convenient in carrying out the violation does not exist; and functions, powers and duties of the e. file a petition for custody of an Vet­ Bureau. However, it shall not enter in­ animal whenever it becomes neces­ erinary Medical Practice: Pet Loss to a contract with any such firm or sary to protect the animal from The Foundation of Thanatology: and Human Emotion, March 27-29, person who has a financial or com­ neglect or cruelty. The court shall 1981 , Alumni Auditorium, Black mercial interest in any activity to be order the animal committed to the Building, Columbia-Presbyterian regulated or prohibited by this Act. Bureau if it finds that the welfare of Medical Center, New York, NY. Con­ the animal so requires. Animals com­ tact Dr. Austin H. Kutscher, Founda­ 106. Director mitted to the Bureau may be sold or tion of Thanatology, 630 West 168th The [Governor] [President], with euthanized, or kept in the custody of St., New York, NY 10032, USA. the advice and consent of the the Bureau, as the Director deter­ shall appoint a Director from a panel mines. of not less than three names submitted International Conference of by the Board. No person shall be ap­ Comment: Hungarian Society of Agricultural Ethology, August 24-27, 1981 , Agri­ pointed Director who has a financial Subsection d was adopted in part Sciences: cultural University of Godollo, or commercial interest in any activity from the Model State Animal Protec­ Godollo, Hungary. Topics include to be' regulated or prohibited by this tion Act proposed by the Committee "The Role of Ethology in Large Scale Act. for Humane Legislation. That subsec­ Animal Breeding," and "Developing tion, along with subsection e, are the Technical-Biological Unit of In­ 107. Powers and Duties of Director essential to protect abused animals dustrial Animal Breeding with Help of The Director shall be the execu­ from the delays of the judicial pro­ Ethological Research." Contact Prof. tive and administrative head of the cess. It is anticipated that the cease Dr. J. Czako, Organizing Committee Bureau. In addition, the Director and desist order rather than the peti­ for Congress of Applied Animal shall: tion for custody will be used almost Ethology, Agricultural University, exclusively. Nevertheless, the power Godollo, H2103, Hungary. a. issue licenses in accordance with to petition for custody is included as the procedures promulgated by the an alternative remedy when cease Board; and desist orders are inadequate. Wildlife Disease FourthAssociation International (Austra­ lasian Section): 394 INT J STUD ANIM PROB 1(6) 198_D INT J STUD ANIM PROB 1(6) 1980 395 attempt to make contact with an ob­ tunity to be itself. Enough welfare Wildlife Diseases C<;>nference, August poor management than outright ject in the environment as it would research has been done in the U.S. to 24-28, 1981 , Sydney, Australia. Con­ abuse or negiect. seek contact with the mother sow. tact Dr. E.P. Finnie, Program Chair­ set up minimal codes of practice Mistaken inte·pretations of farm an­ man, Toranga Park Zoo, Mosman, Edwin Banks (University of Illi­ similar to those established in the imal behavior could be alleviated by U.K. The livestock industry should be NSW 2088, Au stralia, or Dr. M.E. nois): Behavioral research to answer the animal scientist, the veterinarian persuaded to support the formation Fowler, Dept. of Medicine, School of questions about animal welfare. Do­ and the producer taking an etho­ of Veterinary Medicine, University of mestic animals have been selectively codes, if not for humane reasons, logical approach and familiarizing then California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, bred and genetically manipulated to out of the practical considera­ themselves with species-specific be­ USA. the point where natural selection no tion that in the absence of voluntary havior patterns in both wild and ar­ longer determines their behavioral codes, legislation will eventually be tificial environments. adaptedness to an environment. It is imposed on producers through the ef­ forts of animal welfare advocates. MEETING REPORTS therefore necessary to gather etholo­ Stanley Curtis (University of Illi­ gical profiles (ethograms) of farm nois): Status of farm animal behavioral animals to discover whether common research in North America. A survey The 32nd annual meeting of the AmericanThe 72nd Society annual ofAnimal meeting Science of the intensive management practices con-· International Whaling Commission American Society of Animal Science form to species-specific behavioral was made of major agricultural jour­ International Whaling Commission (J uly 28, Cornell University, Ithaca, needs. Once the ethogram is nals and USDA information services (July 21-26, Brighton, England) could NY) included a half-day symposium established and recognized, various to determine the extent and types of be characterized from the conserva­ on the role of animal behavior in food factors can be manipulated to im­ animal agriculture research devoted tionists' point of view as anything animal agriculture. Speakers discuss­ prove animal welfare. These include to behavior. The highest percentage from a limited success to a major ed behavior as it relates to welfare re­ physical adjustment of rearing sys­ of reported research dealt with disaster. However, despite varying quirements and appropriate manage­ tems, social restructuring (e.g., stock­ feeding and reproduction, and the in­ opinions on the degree of progress ment and housing systems. Synopses ing rate, sex/age ratios) and genetic vestigations tended to be confirma­ made at the meeting, conservationists of each paper are presented below: modifications through selective tory rather than novel. By contrast, agreed that the gains for whale pro­ breeding. The spectre of legislation the least frequent (7%) and most tection fell far below their expecta­ Roger Ewbank (University of looms over producers unless they novel experiments and research pro­ tions. Many had been confident that Liverpool, Universities Federation for begin to pay more attention to and jects were in the areas of social the Commission would approve a Animal Welfare): Behavior and be­ cooperate with applied ethologists in behavior and animal welfare. Dairy total ban on commercial whaling. In­ havior-related problems in farm an­ the design of rearing and housing cattle and poultry were the primary stead, measures to institute either an imals. Behavior can be the symptom systems and the management of large animals studied. immediate or a two year phased-in of an abnormal condition, a compo­ numbers of animals under intensive moratorium were defeated when they nent of that condition, or synonym­ conditions. Michael W. Fox (Institute for the failed to obtain the necessary three ous with the condition itself. Tail­ Study of Animal Problems, Washing­ quarters majority needed for adop­ Discussant. biting in intensively-raised pigs is an Thomas Hartsock (University of ton, DC) Ethology is a tion in the plenary session. Canada · example of this third type of be­ Maryland): Ethological approach to powerful tool for assessing animal and South Africa, both nonwhaling havior, believed to be elicited by a farm animal behavior research. Des­ welfare, but it should not be the only nations, voted with the whaling bloc breakdown in social order resulting pite the relatively recent modifying method used. An integrated approach to prevent imposition of the from overcrowding. Research reveal­ influences of selective breeding, the incorporating physiology, behavior moratorium. ed that a high stocking rate produced modern farm animal evolved in an en­ and productivity is ideal. Whatever Despite the failure of the tailbiting, increased fighting, and vironment quite different from the the approach, however, it should be· moratorium vote, the overall quotas poor production figures, while a low one in which it is now living. Behavior emphasized that the abolition of suf­ set for the 1981 whale kill were not stocking rate which enabled pigs to which is sometimes labelled 'ab­ fering is the goal of farm animal significantly lower than for the sort themselves into a rank order normal' may in fact be normal from welfare research. The elimination of previous year, continuing a seven showed the opposite effect on pro­ an evolutionary point of view, but in­ suffering c◊uld probably be achieved year trend.
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