3. the prohibition of painful sur b. inspect and report to the Board on gical procedures without the use of a the treatment of animals in commer properly administered anesthesia; cial farming; MEETINGS !!!!! and c. investigate all complaints and alle ANNOUNCEMENTS 4. provisions for a licensing system gations of unfair treatment of for all farms. Such system shall in animals; clude, but shall not be limited to, the d. issue in writing, without prior hear following requirements: ing, a cease and desist order to any i. all farms shall b'e inspected person if the Commission has reason prior to the issuance of a I icense. to believe that that person is causing, ii. farms shall thereafter be in engaging in, or maintaining any spected at least once a year. condition or activity which, in the iii. minimum requirements shall Director's judgment, will result in or be provided to insure a healthy is likely to result in irreversible or ir life for every farm animal. These reparable damage to an animal or its requirements shall include, but environment, and it appears prejudi not be limited to: cial to the interests of the [State] a. proper space allowances; {United States] to delay action until b. proper nutrition; an opportunity for a hearing can be c. proper care and treatment provided. The order shall direct such of animals; and person to discontinue, abate or allevi d. proper medical care. .ate such condition, activity, or viola f. The Board may enter into contract tion. A hearing shall be provided with with any person, firm, corporation or ____ days to allow the person to FORTHCOMING association to handle things neces show that each condition, activity or MEETINGS sary or convenient in carrying out the violation does not exist; and functions, powers and duties of the e. file a petition for custody of an Vet Bureau. However, it shall not enter in animal whenever it becomes neces erinary Medical Practice: Pet Loss to a contract with any such firm or sary to protect the animal from The Foundation of Thanatology: and Human Emotion, March 27-29, person who has a financial or com neglect or cruelty. The court shall 1981 , Alumni Auditorium, Black mercial interest in any activity to be order the animal committed to the Building, Columbia-Presbyterian regulated or prohibited by this Act. Bureau if it finds that the welfare of Medical Center, New York, NY. Con the animal so requires. Animals com tact Dr. Austin H. Kutscher, Founda 106. Director mitted to the Bureau may be sold or tion of Thanatology, 630 West 168th The [Governor] [President], with euthanized, or kept in the custody of St., New York, NY 10032, USA. the advice and consent of the the Bureau, as the Director deter shall appoint a Director from a panel mines. of not less than three names submitted International Conference of by the Board. No person shall be ap Comment: Hungarian Society of Agricultural Ethology, August 24-27, 1981 , Agri pointed Director who has a financial Subsection d was adopted in part Sciences: cultural University of Godollo, or commercial interest in any activity from the Model State Animal Protec Godollo, Hungary. Topics include to be' regulated or prohibited by this tion Act proposed by the Committee "The Role of Ethology in Large Scale Act. for Humane Legislation. That subsec Animal Breeding," and "Developing tion, along with subsection e, are the Technical-Biological Unit of In 107. Powers and Duties of Director essential to protect abused animals dustrial Animal Breeding with Help of The Director shall be the execu from the delays of the judicial pro Ethological Research." Contact Prof. tive and administrative head of the cess. It is anticipated that the cease Dr. J. Czako, Organizing Committee Bureau. In addition, the Director and desist order rather than the peti for Congress of Applied Animal shall: tion for custody will be used almost Ethology, Agricultural University, exclusively. Nevertheless, the power Godollo, H2103, Hungary. a. issue licenses in accordance with to petition for custody is included as the procedures promulgated by the an alternative remedy when cease Board; and desist orders are inadequate. Wildlife Disease FourthAssociation International (Austra lasian Section): 394 INT J STUD ANIM PROB 1(6) 198_D INT J STUD ANIM PROB 1(6) 1980 395 attempt to make contact with an ob tunity to be itself. Enough welfare Wildlife Diseases C<;>nference, August poor management than outright ject in the environment as it would research has been done in the U.S. to 24-28, 1981 , Sydney, Australia. Con abuse or negiect. seek contact with the mother sow. tact Dr. E.P. Finnie, Program Chair set up minimal codes of practice Mistaken inte·pretations of farm an man, Toranga Park Zoo, Mosman, Edwin Banks (University of Illi similar to those established in the imal behavior could be alleviated by U.K. The livestock industry should be NSW 2088, Au stralia, or Dr. M.E. nois): Behavioral research to answer the animal scientist, the veterinarian persuaded to support the formation Fowler, Dept. of Medicine, School of questions about animal welfare. Do and the producer taking an etho of Veterinary Medicine, University of mestic animals have been selectively codes, if not for humane reasons, logical approach and familiarizing then California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, bred and genetically manipulated to out of the practical considera themselves with species-specific be USA. the point where natural selection no tion that in the absence of voluntary havior patterns in both wild and ar longer determines their behavioral codes, legislation will eventually be tificial environments. adaptedness to an environment. It is imposed on producers through the ef forts of animal welfare advocates. MEETING REPORTS therefore necessary to gather etholo Stanley Curtis (University of Illi gical profiles (ethograms) of farm nois): Status of farm animal behavioral animals to discover whether common research in North America. A survey The 32nd annual meeting of the AmericanThe 72nd Society annual ofAnimal meeting Science of the intensive management practices con-· International Whaling Commission American Society of Animal Science form to species-specific behavioral was made of major agricultural jour International Whaling Commission (J uly 28, Cornell University, Ithaca, needs. Once the ethogram is nals and USDA information services (July 21-26, Brighton, England) could NY) included a half-day symposium established and recognized, various to determine the extent and types of be characterized from the conserva on the role of animal behavior in food factors can be manipulated to im animal agriculture research devoted tionists' point of view as anything animal agriculture. Speakers discuss prove animal welfare. These include to behavior. The highest percentage from a limited success to a major ed behavior as it relates to welfare re physical adjustment of rearing sys of reported research dealt with disaster. However, despite varying quirements and appropriate manage tems, social restructuring (e.g., stock feeding and reproduction, and the in opinions on the degree of progress ment and housing systems. Synopses ing rate, sex/age ratios) and genetic vestigations tended to be confirma made at the meeting, conservationists of each paper are presented below: modifications through selective tory rather than novel. By contrast, agreed that the gains for whale pro breeding. The spectre of legislation the least frequent (7%) and most tection fell far below their expecta Roger Ewbank (University of looms over producers unless they novel experiments and research pro tions. Many had been confident that Liverpool, Universities Federation for begin to pay more attention to and jects were in the areas of social the Commission would approve a Animal Welfare): Behavior and be cooperate with applied ethologists in behavior and animal welfare. Dairy total ban on commercial whaling. In havior-related problems in farm an the design of rearing and housing cattle and poultry were the primary stead, measures to institute either an imals. Behavior can be the symptom systems and the management of large animals studied. immediate or a two year phased-in of an abnormal condition, a compo numbers of animals under intensive moratorium were defeated when they nent of that condition, or synonym conditions. Michael W. Fox (Institute for the failed to obtain the necessary three ous with the condition itself. Tail Study of Animal Problems, Washing quarters majority needed for adop Discussant. biting in intensively-raised pigs is an Thomas Hartsock (University of ton, DC) Ethology is a tion in the plenary session. Canada · example of this third type of be Maryland): Ethological approach to powerful tool for assessing animal and South Africa, both nonwhaling havior, believed to be elicited by a farm animal behavior research. Des welfare, but it should not be the only nations, voted with the whaling bloc breakdown in social order resulting pite the relatively recent modifying method used. An integrated approach to prevent imposition of the from overcrowding. Research reveal influences of selective breeding, the incorporating physiology, behavior moratorium. ed that a high stocking rate produced modern farm animal evolved in an en and productivity is ideal. Whatever Despite the failure of the tailbiting, increased fighting, and vironment quite different from the the approach, however, it should be· moratorium vote, the overall quotas poor production figures, while a low one in which it is now living. Behavior emphasized that the abolition of suf set for the 1981 whale kill were not stocking rate which enabled pigs to which is sometimes labelled 'ab fering is the goal of farm animal significantly lower than for the sort themselves into a rank order normal' may in fact be normal from welfare research. The elimination of previous year, continuing a seven showed the opposite effect on pro an evolutionary point of view, but in suffering c◊uld probably be achieved year trend. Next year, 13,851 whales ductivity. Abnormal environments as appropriate due to the presentation through the use of drugs and are scheduled to die, compared to well as incorrect social conditions of inappropriate stimuli by an un psychosurgery, but such measures 15,656 this year and 45,673 in 1973. can produce abnormal behavior, as in natural environment. For example, can severely alter or even obliterate Conservationists were also disap the case of bar-mouthing in stall early weaned (12 h) piglets sometimes the essential nature of the animal. In pointed by the failure of the IWC to confined sows. Although this beha choose to lie against a wall near a stead, the needs, behavior, physical ban the taking of sperm whales. Both vior does not indicate disease or in heat lamp rather than directly under and social environment of the animal votes, one for an im mediate jury, or even reduced productivity, it the heat lamp. Far from being an ab should be studied in order to create moratorium and one for a one year does indicate deprivation, which is a errant avoidance of the heat source, and implement management systems phase-in, lost the majority by one, _subtler and more pervasive aspect of this behavior is actually the piglet's which maximize the animal's oppor- with Canada casting the deciding
INT I STUD ANIM PROB 1(6) 1980 397 396 INT I STUD ANIM PROB 1(6) 1980 ballot. Another dispute arose over was also passed, putting the question he joined Lederle Laboratories, a divi tissue culture. Although live animals setting the quota for the North Pacific on next year's agenda. sion of American Cyanimid (Pearl would still be used to start the cell stock of sperm whales. Japan Perhaps the most time-con River, NY) in 1944 and became one of lines, their overall numbers would be demanded no fewer than 1,350, while suming question, at least for the U.S. the leading figures in the search for a considerably reduced. According to the scientific committee argued that delegation, concerned the bowhead polio vaccine. Dr. Koprowski has the Felix Wankel prize judges, "The the only biologically acceptable whale. New scientific evidence in been with the Wistar Institute since production of antibodies in cell quota was zero. A compromise of 890 dicates that the species is in such bad 1957. culture represents a genuine alter was finally reached, despite scientific shape that it will probably decline The prociuction of monoclonal native with possibilities that we can evidence indicating that the sperm even if there is no take this year. The antibodies from somatic cell hybrids not even envision at present." whale stock will continue to decline Alaskan Eskimos, however, argued ("hybridomas," composed in this case with even a zero take. that the IWC should not even set of mouse myeloma cells and spleno North American Applied Animal Conservationists fared no better quotas for their aboriginal take. A cytes of immunized mice) is a rel Ethology Newsletter on the small cetacean question. resolution stating their demand for a atively new field which shows enorm A quarterly newsletter to pro Heated arguments took place during minimum quota of 26 struck and 18 ous potential for human carcinoma mote the exchange of information the entire meeting concerning the landed was soundly defeated. The diagnosis and therapy. Antibodies among people interested in applied IWC's jurisdiction over smaller scientific committee recommenda produced naturally by an organism's animal ethology and related fields is whales, many of whom live in coastal tion was for a zero quota. A resolu immune system in response to an an being initiated. We are soliciting waters. Conservationists asserted that tion to that effect failed as well. Final tigen have a wide range of binding items for the first and subsequent the IWC has the power to regulate the ly, faced with the possibility of com specificities and affinities. Therefore, issues relevant to agricultural, com take of all whales, regardless of size ing away with no quota at all, the the use of antibody sera in diagnosis panion and zoo animals (including or habitat. Many of the whaling na commissioners emerged from a clos and in tests such as the radioim game farms) that may be of interest tions, however, as well as Canada, ed session with a compromise: a three munoassay are fraught with problems to your colleagues, e.g. , announ argued that they have jurisdiction year block quota of 45 landed and 65 of cross reaction. As Koprowski et al. cements and brief summaries of over any small whales inside their ex struck, with no more than 17 landed state: " ... [P]olyspecific antisera in meetings, researclvemployment op clusive economic zones, which they in any one year. Not only will this general are unable to discriminate portunities, letters tq the editor. claim extend 200 miles from the scheme provide a built-in reduction among small antigenic differences on coast. The U.S. maintained that the over the three years, it will also tem an otherwise identical background or The results of a survey of applied only time a coastal state has the right porarily remove the issue from the small antigenic similarities on a dif animal ethology/behavior programs not to follow IWC regulations is when agenda, which conservationists hope ferent background" (Proc Natl Acad in North America will be a supple it wants to institute stricter will allow the commission to devote Sci USA 75(7):3405-3409, 1978). The ment to the first issue. Survey forms guidelines. Canada, bent on keeping more energy to putting an end to production of homogeneous antibody have been mailed by Dr. Ray Stricklin complete control over its annual take commercial whaling. solutions in which all the molecules (University of Maryland) to all animal, of narwhal and beluga whales (at have the same binding specificity and dairy, poultry and veterinary science numbers which the IWC scientific affinity would be a considerable ad departments and colleges in North committee considers dangerously ANNOUNCEMENTS vance. Koprowski and his team re America. high) argued that it alone has jurisdic cently studied 19 antibodies secreted tion within coastal waters. A resolu Felix Wankel Award by hybridomas and found that 15 Subscriptions cost $2.00 (U.S.); tion was finally passed mandating The 1979 Felix Wankel prize for were specific for the surface antigens make checks payable to "AAENL." that coastal states continue to send research in animal protection (see Int of human colorectal carcinoma cells Address correspondence to Dr. Ted catch information to the IWC scien J Stud Anim Prob 1 (1 ): 63-65, 1980), (Somatic Cell Genetics 5(6):957-972, Friend, Editor, Applied Animal Etho tific committee for review. amounting to $11,500, has been 1979). logy Newsletter, Animal Science De One significant victory for the awarded to Dr. Hilary Koprowski, The application of Dr. partment, Texas A&M University, Col conservationists came when a Director of the Wistar Institute of Koprowski's work to the concept of lege Station, TX 77843, USA. schedule change was adopted ban Anatomy and Biology (Philadelphia, alternatives lies not in the aims of the ning the use of the cold harpoon for PA), for his work on the production of research, i.e., to find a way to study certain whales. The cold harpoon car monoclonal antibodies in tissue the antigenic structure of human ries no explosives, and a struck whale culture. tumor cells, but in the technique used does not die immediately, but may Dr. Koprowski has had a dis to produce the monoclonal an suffer for minutes or even hours. An tinguished career in medical research tibodies. Instead of producing vac exemption was provided for minkes, since leaving his native Poland in cines and antibody sera in the whole the whales most often taken with 1939. After spending four years in animal by means of inoculation and cold harpoons. However, a resolution Brazil with the Rockefeller Founda immunization, antibodies can be to consider adding minkes to the ban tion's Yellow Fever Research Service, cloned from a cell line maintained in
398 INT J STUD ANIM PROB 1(6) 1980 INT J STUD ANIM PROB 1(6) 1980 399