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_ ` Koko, a gorilla who became well-known in the late 1970s for learning over 375 gestures of sign language, took this self-portrait in 1978. In addition to becoming quite interested in photography, Koko also adopted a pet kitten. For primates in captivity, simple boredom is a serious problem. "Environmental enrichment," or the provision of things and activities toward the psychological well-being of captive animals, is required by the Animal Welfare Act. And it doesn't have to be as sophisticated as Koko's camera. Simple things can provide more than distraction—they can give captive primates substantial dignity and pleasure, as evidenced by a 1989 LEMSIP study (see page 7). Photo courtesy of National Geographic. Directors Marjorie Cooke Jean Wallace Douglas Major Pork Producer in Default Freeborn G. Jewett, Jr. Christine Stevens Premium Standard Farms, a gargantuan Missouri factory-farm concern, has Roger L. Stevens defaulted on $325 million in bonds, the Des Moines Register reported in April Aileen Train 1996. The company's mass-production approach to pig farming, with its Cynthia Wilson intensive confinement of pigs, large-scale automation, and speculative financing, Officers appears to be economically unsupportable as well as inhumane and ecologically Christine Stevens, President unsound. Cynthia Wilson, Vice President Founded six years ago by former grain-processing executive Dennis Freeborn G. Jewett, Jr., Secretary Harms, Premium Standard has become the fourth largest pork producer in the Roger L. Stevens, Treasurer country. These massive, high-tech, high-density factory farms are fast putting Scientific Committee traditional family farms out of business. Marjorie Anchel, Ph.D. Pigs in these hog factories are forced to live in narrow metal crates barely Gerard Bertrand, Ph.D. larger than their bodies. Gestating sows cannot even turn around. As many as Bennett Derby, M.D. 1,000 pigs live in metal barns the size of football fields, breathing air filled with F. Barbara Orlans, Ph.D. acrid dust. The waste from all these animals is flushed into large cesspools that Roger Payne, Ph.D. the industry calls "lagoons"; many have burst or leaked their waste, flooding Samuel Peacock, M.D. fields and contaminating groundwater and rivers (see the Summer 1995 AWI John Walsh, M.D. Quarterly). The huge farms, in which most tasks are automated, bring commu- International Committee nities relatively few jobs—and a great deal of controversy over their sickening Aline de Aluja, D.M.V. - Mexico odor, which confines neighbors to their homes. T.G. Antikas, D.M.V. - Greece Premium Standard, financed by New York banking firm Morgan Stanley, Ambassador Tabarak Husain - Bangladesh operates on a 40,000 square foot compound in Princeton, Missouri. In addition to Angela King - United Kingdom huge investments in equipment, animals, and supplies, the company built itself an Simon Muchiru - Kenya opulent headquarters (complete with a 25-foot waterfall made of black marble in Godofredo Stutzin - Chile its atrium), and pays its executives handsome bonuses (totalling $3.1 million in Mrs. Fumihiko Togo - Japan Klaus Vestergaard, Ph.D. - Denmark 1992). The company's operating losses, and a 20-year low in hog prices, have left Alexey Yablokov, Ph.D. - Russia its bondholders with no return on their investment and massive non-paying debt. Staff More Pork Industry Notes Mary Ellen Drayer, Editorial Assistant John Gleiber, Assistant to the Officers • The Raleigh News & Observer won journalism's top prize, the Pulitzer Diane Halverson, Farm Animal Consultant Lynne Hutchison, Whale Campaign Coordinator Prize for Public Service, for an extensive exposé of the problems with large-scale Cathy Liss, Executive Director factory hog farming as practiced in North Carolina. The articles ran as a five-part Nell Naughton, Mail Order Secretary series in February 1995, titled "Boss Hog: North Carolina's Pork Revolution." Greta Nilsson, Wildlife Consultant The series and related articles are availab'e in a full-color reprint, "The Power of Patrick Nolan, Publications Coordinator Pork," for $5 either from AWI or from the News & Observer. Jennifer Pike, Administrative Assistant • The devastation caused by hog factories in North Carolina has inspired Viktor Reinhardt, D.M.V., Ph.D., some South Carolina legislators to try to stem the mega-industry's proliferation. Laboratory Animal Consultant Last year, they scuttled a bill that would have opened the door to widespread Adam Roberts, Research Associate North Carolina-style hog production. Now, a new, tougher law has been drafted, Julie Shellenberger, Administrative Assistant Rick Spill, Marine Mammal Research Analyst and strict, enforceable regulations are on their way—including a ban on new farms with more than 3,000 hogs per acre. a sc/o E AIMA WEAE ISIUE QUARTERLY WINTER 1996 VOLUME 45, NUMBER 1 PO Box 3650, Washington, DC 20007 phone: 202-337-2332 fax: 202-338-9478 email: [email protected] A Factory Farming Mao ok ouce i eau 2 Moe ok Iusy oes 2 Trapping Eioia e e Amiisaio Kow ow You ee Aou ego as 4 Cou Uos e eeas Couageous Eoceme o u Imo eguaio 4 e Imemeaio o e eguaio o oii e Imo o Ceai Wi Caug us io e Euoea Uio 5 AWI Uaes Moogas o Aeaies o e See aw ego a 5 Doc, one of ten chimpanzees who participated in a Chimpanzees in Captivity 1989 study on simple, inexpensive environmental EMSI ea ie Ae Comaiig Aou Aima Ause 6 enrichments for primates in laboratories, brushes his teeth. (See page 7.) A Cimaees Success Soy 6 e ieece a Sime Imoeme Mae i e ies o Cims i a aoaoy 7 Marine Mammals owegia Wae Mea Smuggig Ucoee i aa Icea a Waig asa a Waig uue? Icea emais Oiciay Commie o esumig Commecia Waig 8 IWC eiew oays Come Issues Wi Cow e Agea 9 Iays ie isey Cesue y Cou 9 GA/WOs ages Soeeigy emocacy a ois 1 eseac Sows Eeme Sess o Case a ouu Ca Cause Ieaae amage o ois 11 Pet Theft A i o So eaes om Seig es o Eeimeaio 1 A tuna net set on panicked dolphins. Legislation An Extraordinary Animal before Congress would change US law, allowing tuna caught with brutal fishing techniques like these to he sold A Cow Wo ook Maes io e Ow ooes 1 with the "dolphin safe" label. (See pages 10 and 11.) 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