Lindau-Nobel Chemistry 2006

Home , Hartmut Michel, Roald Hoffmann, Walter Kohn, Wolfgang Lubitz

18TH MEETING DEDICATED TO CHEMISTRY – PLATFORM FOR THE EXCHANGE OF KNOWLEDGE BETWEEN NOBEL LAUREATES AND INTERNATIONAL TOP TALENTS The 56th Lindau Meeting of Nobel Laureates Retrospects and Prospects 2006

Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance

Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance PUBLISHED BY Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings, Ludwigstr. 68, 88131 Lindau, Germany Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance, Mainau Castle, 78465 Insel Mainau, Germany

IDEA Thomas Ellerbeck, Member of the Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings and of the Board of the Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance

REALISATION & TEXTS Prof. Dr. Astrid Gräslund and Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Lubitz in cooperation with Christian Rapp (Communication and Organisation, Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings)

LAYOUT & PRODUCTION Andreas Mayer / campra – Büro für Visuelle Kommunikation, Stuttgart

PHOTOS Peter Badge / typos I (Portraits), Berlin and Christian Flemming, Lindau

PRINTED BY Ritter Druck AG, St. Gallen, Switzerland

For more information, please contact our ofﬁce in Lindau: Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings, Ludwigstr. 68, 88131 Lindau, Germany Phone + 49 (0) 8382 – 27731 15 Fax + 49 (0) 8382 – 27731 13 [email protected]

2 Foreword

The 56th Meeting of Nobel Laureates in Lindau had an even more international ﬂair than other meetings before it. New international partners for cooperation joined in the efforts to ﬁnd the most talented young scientists from across the world to participate in the unique interaction with Nobel Laureates on Lake Constance: The Lindau “window to the world” opens even wider.

This year, it was the turn of Nobel Laureates in Chemistry to congregate on Lake Constance. Participation of several Lau- reates in Physics and Medicine/Physiology stimulated interdisciplinary exchange and dialogue between these leading authorities in their ﬁelds and young scientists invited from 53 countries.

Countess The international character of the Lindau Meetings reﬂects Sonja Bernadotte af Wisborg just how crucial cross-cultural and cross-border dialogue President of the Council for the between the research elite of today and that of tomorrow actu- Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings ally is. Recognition of the multi-faceted nature of our world and its differences in the perception of values is essential in an increasingly globalised environment. A global scientiﬁc community requires a globally-orientated understanding of what constitutes responsibility. The interaction made possible on Lake Constance helps to create networks of young researchers and doctoral students that will foster this goal.

The Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings and the Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance greatly appreciate the support of benefactors and partners. Their generosity and patronage are indispensable to the development of the Lindau Meetings. They moreover represent a vivid and valuable example of public-private-partnership.

3 NOBEL LAUREATES PARTICIPATING

Peter Agre (USA) Werner Arber (Switzerland) Chemistry 2003 Physiology or Medicine 1978

Aaron Ciechanover (Israel) Paul Crutzen (Netherlands) Robert F. Curl Jr. (USA) Chemistry 2004 Chemistry 1995 Chemistry 1996

Johann Deisenhofer (Germany) Richard R. Ernst (Switzerland) Roy J. Glauber (USA) Chemistry 1988 Chemistry 1991 Physics 2005

Theodor W. Hänsch (Germany) John L. Hall (USA) Roald Hoffmann (USA) Physics 2005 Physics 2005 Chemistry 1981

4 Robert Huber (Germany) Jerome Karle (USA) Walter Kohn (USA) Chemistry 1988 Chemistry 1985 Chemistry 1998

William N. Lipscomb (USA) Rudolph A. Marcus (USA) Hartmut Michel (Germany) Chemistry 1976 Chemistry 1992 Chemistry 1988

Erwin Neher (Germany) Ryoji Noyori (Japan) Sherwood F. Rowland (USA) Physiology or Medicine 1991 Chemistry 2001 Chemistry 1995

Richard R. Schrock (USA) Sir John E. Walker (Great Britain) Kurt Wüthrich (Switzerland) Chemistry 2005 Chemistry 1997 Chemistry 2002

5 One of the greatest YOUNG aspects of the meeting for me was discovering RESEARCHERS´ who the Laureates were STATEMENTS as people. You can always read their science, but meeting them in person allowed me to hear their thoughts on topics far outside of science and gave their literary words a real vitality. The meeting in Lindau left me with a feeling that it takes much more than quality science to be a valuable member of the world´s scientiﬁc community. This past year´s meeting is an experience I feel honored to have been a part of and will not forget. Christopher J. Thode, USA

It is not that every Meeting and dis- day, even a year or a cen- cussing with some of tury – you have the oppor- the most famous scien- tunity to meet the great- tists together with col- est, most creative and leagues from all over the highly intelligent people world in the fantastic and on earth... That is one relaxed atmosphere of deﬁnite thing that I would Lindau and the Lake Con- say about my experience stance was a wonderful in Lindau. I also found out and unique experience to that science is global. me. Especially the after- It grows up without hori- noon discussions with zon and boundary. With different cultures, beliefs and the Laureates, but also the manifold talks, discourses levels of education, all participants and Laureates can and meetings with the other participants provided fasci- sit together and talk on whatever issue; science, politics nating and precious insights in different curiosity driven etc. The passion and enthusiasm of these people for ways of scientiﬁc thinking. I really hope that many other their research and science in general motivate me as a young researchers will get the chance to come to Lindau young researcher to proceed and develop my research to enjoy and take home this special atmosphere. “vigorously”. Yuhanis Mhd Bakri, Malaysia Jürgen Arning, Germany

I found it a most interesting experience, due to the combination of but also the contrast between the relatively old and very experienced Nobel Laure- ates on the one hand and the young and inexperi- enced audience on the other. I found the atmosphere very nice among the young scientists and have added many contacts to my personal and professional networks. Finally, I valued the discussion sessions with the Nobel laureates greatly. Dr. Marga Cornelia Lensen, The Netherlands

6 To understand The Lindau Nobel deeper, to look wider and Laureates Meeting is a to develop the knowledge good way to encourage in any ﬁeld of the science young scientists to dev- one has to meet those elop themselves and build outstanding Nobel Laure- networks around the ates. They can observe world, with promising this scientific life from young scientists and also a different level and can with the Laureates. For greatly motivate for fur- myself, this Meeting was ther achievements. More- really interesting since I over, meeting the bright had the chance to be in young researchers from all over the world adds to the contact with the Laureates and young scientist from dif- very special atmosphere... The Nobel Laureates Meeting ferent countries. And I wish to thank my sponsor Helm- in Lindau opens for that great opportunity and reserves holtz Gemeinschaft und the post-doc fellow from Alexan- indispensable experience and vivid recollection! der von Humboldt Stiftung. Tatiana Luts, Russia Dr. Jerusa Roeder, Brazil

The Lindau Meet- It was a great hon- ing of Nobel Laureates our for me as a beginner offered the right atmos- PhD student to be able phere to meet and discuss to participate in the 56th with the world´s scientiﬁc Meeting of Nobel Laure- leaders. It was interest- ates in Lindau. Meeting ing to find out how the so many Nobel Laureates Nobel Prize changed their was a tremendous experi- life. I enjoyed a lot meet- ence that I will never for- ing other young scientists get because talking to from all over the world. them about their studies I am thankful to the Euro- and their life was such a pean Commission (Marie Curie Programme) for giving wonderful opportunity for me. Moreover, I highly enjoyed me the opportunity to attend this meeting. meeting young scientists from all over the world that are Dr. Gerard Tobias, Spain excited about science. Yasar Akdogan, Turkey

Meeting one Nobel Laureate is an honor but to spend a week with 23 of them is a unique, once-in-a life-time opportunity, which I will never forget. Attending the lectures covering a wide variety of problems, ranging from top- level developments in the Laureates‘ laboratories to the inﬂuence of science and technology on social issues, gave me the chance to talk and listen to the researchers who laid the recent basis for my own research.Meeting the international scien- tiﬁc elite of chemistry, otherwise only known to me from literature as textbook heroes, was enriching as I enjoyed discussing with them their thoughts and views regarding also social and political events concerning my region and the global community. Saul Reichman, Israel

7 Speeches at the Opening Ceremony of the 56th Meeting of Nobel Laureates

Countess Sonja Bernadotte af Wisborg Dr. Janez Potočnik President of the Council for European Commissioner for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings Science and Research

“Our aim is to invite the most promising new gen- “I am personally convinced that Europe has no eration of scientists in the respective disciplines to choice but to embrace globalisation in Europe, to participate in the Meeting of Nobel Prize Winners compete on our merits and not on our past, to be in Lindau. This is a case of helping the elite – that open not closed and, above all, to make this choice of today, and that of tomorrow - for the very best of work in practice. Very simply, this means that we reasons. Each of you represents the cornerstone for have to deliver on a European knowledge-based excellence – in science, in business and in society economy and society. Because knowledge, and with as a whole. Each of you has much to say, and each of this I mean the way in which knowledge is produced you has shown the ability to learn from others.” through research, diffused through education and used through innovation, is the answer to Europe’s “The trusting working relationship we enjoy with main challenge: Boosting growth and jobs, promot- academies of science, research centers, leading ing a sustainable, healthy, safe and social Europe.” universities and ministries devoted to education, research and science, as well as with institutional “What we need and what we want is an attractive partners and patrons, makes all this possible.” Europe, with exciting research opportunities in sci- entiﬁc ﬁelds of the future; with human resources “The Lindau Meetings have evolved over time. and capacities optimised to match our ambitions; They now have an international flavor and are with a society that is aware and supportive of world renowned. If I may use your own metaphor: research. A research Europe that is also connected the much-quoted ‘shake-up’ has taken place. We and above all open to the world, co-operating and are well on the way to becoming the most impor- sharing knowledge with the best groups outside tant meeting in Europe for young scientists.” Europe. Such a Europe is within our reach.”

8 Dr. Annette Schavan Dr. Thomas Goppel German Federal Minister for Bavarian State Minister for Science, Education and Research Research and the Arts

“This Meeting serves as an outstanding business “This is a meeting place for two generations of re- card, presenting Germany as an attractive loca- searchers. Over the next few days, the scientists of tion for research and education – with great appeal tomorrow will have the opportunity to exchange worldwide. And this is why the Federal Ministry thoughts and experiences with the award-winning of Education and Research has committed itself to greats of their fields. Not only that, but this Meet- supporting this and future Meetings.” ing also brings together scientists from all over the world.” “Due to the looming shortage of experts in the natural sciences and technology, we must pull out “The Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting is a true all the stops to attract skilled employees at every guiding light project for Bavaria. Here is where functional level. Alone to reach the 3 percent goal excellence and the elite are fostered and nurtured. of the Lisbon Strategy set by the heads of state of Here is where intellectual scope for visions is cre- the European Union, we are lacking 90,000 sci- ated.” entists and engineers. The potential of technology-oriented women is particularly important and “Excellent research results require an excellent numerically significant. Studies indicate that up to environment. Only so can potential be exploited to 10,000 additional women could be won for these the full. The visitors to this Meeting of Nobel Lau- fields of work – an economic order of magnitude reates are offered such an outstanding environ- worth making an effort for.” ment, year in, year out.”

9 Introduction

10 RETROSPECTS AND PROSPTECTS 2006

56th Lindau Meeting of Nobel Laureates Retrospects and Prospects 2006 INTRODUCTION

The 56th Meeting of Nobel Laureates took place ings of being a “window to the world”, and a venue from June 25th–30th, 2006 in Lindau on Lake Con- for establishing networks reaching far beyond the stance. It was the 18th Meeting of Winners of the five days on Lake Constance, could be experienced Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and was the first time, once more. other than the interdisciplinary conferences of 2000 and 2005, that Laureates in Physics and Medi- The Lindau Meet- cine were also participating at such a meeting. At ing of Nobel Laureates is the invitation of the president of the Council for a highlight of my stay in the Nobel Laureate Meetings in Lindau, Countess Germany. I am honored to Sonja Bernadotte, 23 Nobel Laureates travelled to be selected to attend this Lake Constance to discuss current scientific top- spiritually inspirational ics with 511 young scientists from 53 countries. and scientifically fasci- Scientific talks, intimate discussions on special- nating meeting. I enjoyed ist themes and personal meetings formed the focal the lectures, discussions point of the conference. with Laureates as well Responsible for the coordination and organisa- as the passion of sci- tion of the scientific programme were Professor ence that we all share. Astrid Gräslund (University of Stockholm and Sec- A great thank to my sponsor DAAD, International Univer- retary of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry) and sity Bremen and Prof. Ulrich Schwaneberg I hope there Professor Wolfgang Lubitz (Max Planck Institute of will be more attendants from Asia in the next meetings. Bioinorganic Chemistry, Mülheim). Both scientists Tuck Seng Wong, Malaysia are members of the Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings. 511 highly gifted young scien- To ensure the high quality and international repu- tists were selected from more than 11,000 applica- tation of the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings and tions and international nominations. to enhance it even further, the Council performs The up-and-coming scientists and Nobel Lau- a three-stage evaluation process after every meet- reates made intensive use of the 22 talks, related ing. seminars and round-table discussions. Social events such as the get-together with all the con- The first step was to have the Council and the ference participants, the concert given by the UBS Foundation Board evaluate the Meeting internally Verbier Festival Orchestra, and the boat trip to the after it ended. Feedback from the Nobel Laureates Island of Mainau offered opportunities for per- was the second step, followed by the evaluation of sonal dialogue. The idea behind the Lindau Meet- a questionnaire to survey the young researchers in attendance about their impressions, experiences < Professor Hall talking to a group of young and recommendations for improvement of the con- researchers from China. ference. The report at hands reflects the results of this evaluation process.

11 Laureates & Young Scientists Laureates Young researchers of tomorrow Selection criteria and selection process

Attended by 23 Nobel Laureates and 511 young scientists, the 18th Meeting of Nobel Laureates in Chemistry was the biggest and most international of its kind in the 56-year history of the meetings held on Lake Con- stance. This type of event is unique world-wide, and a showcase for presenting Germany as a European seat of science.

adjudged to have particularly enhanced the scientific programme. With this enrichment of the orig- Laureates inally mono-thematic concept of the Meeting, the Council wants to take into account the increasingly The Nobel Laureates transform the meetings on interdisciplinary nature of the sciences. The ensu- Lake Constance into a platform for scientific excel- ing dialogue extending beyond specialised bound- lence. The participation of four prize winners who aries that this stimulates is a genuine goal of the only received their Nobel Prizes in 2005 also under- Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings. lines the importance of the Lindau Meetings in the eyes of the science world, and is a tribute to the close collaboration between the German and Swed- ish members of the Council: Young researchers of tomorrow Professor Richard Schrock, The Nobel Laureate Meetings in Germany are on (Chemistry 2005) the way to becoming the most significant conference “How to Reduce Dinitrogen to Ammonia” in Europe for the world’s scientific elite of tomorrow. 282 young researchers from Europe (138 Professor Roy J. Glauber, from Germany), 124 young scientists from Asia, (Physics 2005) 93 from America, 3 from Africa and 9 promising tal- “100 Years of Light Quanta” ents from Oceania all took part in a scientific dialogue transcending national and cultural boundaries. They Professor Theodor W. Hänsch, had all successfully completed an international, (Physics 2005) multi-stage selection process, during the course of “A Passion for Precision” which the best young scientists of tomorrow were chosen from 11,000 applicants. Numerous universi- Professor John Hall, ties, foundations and international research organ- (Physics 2005) isations worldwide had nominated these extremely “ Increasing the Sensitivity of talented young people. These included for the first Laser Spectroscopy” time the Foundation for Polish Science, the Slove- nian Academy of Sciences and Arts, the European The attendance of the Laureates in Physics and Science Foundation (ESF), the European Molecular Medicine/Physiology at the Chemistry Meeting was Biology Organisation (EMBO), the Russian Founda-

12 What I truly realized I think this Lindau after the Lindau Meeting Meeting is rather suc- was the answer to one cessful and provide a question: golden chance for us to What actually is science? contact. Particularly, we In fact this is education, have the opportunity to communication, commit- speak with Nobel Prize ment and great respon- Winners directly. sibility for the society. One thing to be men- Sincere thanks to all of tioned: in this year, the you – Nobel Laureates, winners were mainly in students and organizers biology and atmosphere that have made the Lindau Meeting one of the most chemistry which are hot topics at present. Actually, inspiring moments in my life! I wish more students from chemistry covers a wide range of areas, I hope next developing countries will have the chance to participate time more detailed chemistry directions could be con- in the future! Rakina Yaneva, Bulgaria cerned. Quian-Ming Wang, China

| Professor Ciechanover during his lecture on “Why our proteins have to die so we shall live”.

13 This meeting really The meeting was a opened my eyes about wonderful experience. the broad aspect of sci- Nobel Laureates have ence, where I found still a forged today’s science, lot of things that I have and sometimes we may never touched before. think of them as super- There, I could meet and humans. discuss with the elites in Meeting them, one learns science, the Nobel Laure- that they are superb sci- ates, even to sit with entists, but they are also them at the same table. humans as everyone else. Their lectures and discus- A common denominator sions were encouraging me as a young scientist to fol- among them was passion for their work, and you could low what they have done even in a hard condition. I see how the feeling spread over all of us as the meet- really enjoyed the banquet, the UBS concert and the ing advanced. It left a great feeling, helping to refocus splendid excursion to Mainau Island which are always energy at the start of our research careers. in my memory. Dr. Veinardi Suendo, Indonesia Dr. Dario Stacchiola, Argentina

| Professor Agre lecturing to young researchers on “Aquaporin water channels - a cellular plumbing system”.

14 LAUREATES & YOUNG SCIENTISTS

tion for Basic Research and the Academies of Sci- Sies and Jürgen Uhlenbusch, who were assisted by ences of France, Hungary, the Czech Republik and Andreas Schmidt. From the candidates who had Estonia. On behalf of the president of the Council, been put forward, they selected 513 talented young Dr. Rainer Gerold in particular is responsible for the researchers to experience at first hand the “Lindau ongoing development of standing cooperation rela- dialogue” on Lake Constance, where they would be tionships and the forming of new partnerships. able to discuss their own research projects in personal conversations with the authorities in their Fellows of the European Union’s Marie Curie fields, or gather valuable tips for their own fledg- Programme also attended the Meeting for the very ling scientific careers. first time. Following the EU support for the inter- The application management database was opti- disciplinary conference in 2005, the participation mised during preparation for the conference, mak- of these talented young researchers represents a ing the assessment process more user-friendly. good basis for future collaboration between Lindau and Brussels. The visit of the EU Commissioner for The Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Science and Research, Dr. Janez Potočnik, demon- Meetings collaborates closely with leading institu- strates the esteem in which the Meetings are held tions throughout the global scientific community by the EU Commission, and encourages the Coun- to extend the internationalisation of the confer- cil in its efforts to aspire to a long-term vested coop- ence even further. This network undergoes contin- eration with the EU. ual and consistent expansion. Scientific institutions all over the world undertake to accept and abide by Lindau’s strict selection criteria for the nomination of participants by signing cooperation Selection criteria and agreements. selection process Prior to the 56th Nobel Laureate Meeting, the The conscientious selection of young researchers Council signed a letter of intent with the State Min- to participate at the Nobel Laureate Meetings forms istry for Research and Technology of the Republic the basis for the success of the conference and its of Indonesia and a memorandum of understanding reputation in the worlds of science, industry and with the Australian Academy of Science. politics. Participants are selected in a two-stage On the evening of June 25th, 2006, two further process. First of all, the partners of the Lindau cooperation agreements were signed with the pres- Council make a preselection from among the inter- ident of the Foundation for Polish Science, Profes- ested young scientists. To achieve this, the Council sor Maciej Zylicz, and the president of the Slove- has created a binding and transparent framework nian Academy of the Sciences and Arts, Professor for all nominating institutions with selection crite- Boštjan Žekš. These top-ranking scientific institu- ria that are to be applied internationally. The sci- tions mark an intensification in the cooperation entific leaders revise the criteria before every con- with the “young” member states from the EU’s ference, thereby every year putting to the test the expansion phase in 2004. In future, national com- tough requirements which young scientists must petitions for participation at the Lindau Meetings satisfy all over the world. will be held in both countries to secure nominations from the most promising young researchers The final selection was made centrally by the to travel to Lake Constance to attend the confer- Council’s Review Panel, which on this occasion was ence. Abidance by the strict Lindau selection crite- chaired by Professor Wolfgang Lubitz. Also on the ria is an essential element of these cooperation panel were Professors Burkhard Fricke, Helmut agreements here as well.

15 SURVEY PART ONE Application and Selection Process

How did you hear about the 2006 Nobel Laureate Meeting in Chemistry? Total: 428 [others: 56, does not apply: 2]

Partner Organisation: 62

Academic Institution: 233

Research & Corporate Institutions: 47

Newsletter: 7

Internet: 21

What was your impression of the selection process? Total: 417 [does not apply: 0]

I was aware of the selection procedures: 183

I had professional feedback within the peer review: 28

I only received a conﬁrmation from the Review Panel via the Internet: 206

* The great majority of young researchers heard about the Lindau Meeting from academic institutions (e.g. universities). Statements on the questionnaire also show that articles in NATURE and the BMW Magazine served as a source for some initial information about the Meeting. The selection procedures seem to need more publicity: less than a half of the 417 young researchers answer- ing were aware of them. At future Meetings, emphasis should be given to the professional feedback for young scientists within the peer review. Only 28 of the participating young scientists received feedback.

Participation ﬁgures for men and women Total: 511

Women: 42% (213) Men: 58% (298)

16 YOUNG RESEARCHERS´ STATEMENTS:

“I was very impressed by the diversity of the students.”

“Germany was overrepresented in comparison to other nationalities.”

“I think the conference is really international already, but as the talk at the conference dinner high- lighted, the Asian, African and South American countries could be even more represented.”

“I hope there will be a higher quota for participants from Asian countries in the next meetings. Institutions like NCBS, TIFR, CCMB could also act as partner organizations.”

“I think almost all regions were widely represented. It was a good idea to provide people from different countries with a shared accomodation. I `d like to recommend more social get-togethers.”

17 Programme Opening ceremony Scientiﬁc programme Social programme Farewell

18 PROGRAMME

The meeting was an extra-ordinary Scientific excellence and international networking are the Lindau opportunity to meet with such a credo. The two main parts of the Nobel Laureate Meeting agenda are huge concentration of minds and the scientific and social programmes. These represent the incomparable people in the front of science. It was character of the Lindau Dialogue and complement one another. a great honour for me and gave me The official opening ceremony of the Meeting served as a prelude this a great challenge and aspiration for year, as well. my coming research carrier. Abdel-Kareem Azab, Israel

The Lindau Meeting was a fascinat- Opening ceremony ing event, where young starting researches had an opportunity to The perception of the Meetings as a guiding light for Europe as a seat meet personalities with great experi- of science and industry is reflected in the list of speakers at the offi- ence in their field of science. This cial opening ceremony of the 56th Meeting of Nobel Laureates. meeting was a huge stimulation for The EU Commissioner for Science and Research, Dr. Janez Potočnik, my professional life. and the Federal Minister of Education and Research, Dr. Annette Michal Cesnek, Czech Republic Schavan, together with the Bavarian State Minister of Science, Research and the Arts, Dr. Thomas Goppel, clearly demonstrated The Lindau Meeting was quite a with their presence in Lindau the high value of the meeting, particu- unique experience for me and defi- larly with regard to the political efforts being made to make Europe nitely will be one of the most won- the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the derful moments in my memory. I world by 2010. was very excited to meet so many Nobel Laureates and impressed During the course of the opening ceremony, Professor Ernst-Lud- deeply by their passion, intense curi- wig Winnacker, president of the German Research Foundation (DFG) osity and interest for science. I also from 1998 to 2006, and from 2007 Secretary General of the European really enjoyed the communication Research Council, was admitted to the Honorary Senate of the Foun- with other young researchers from dation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance. all around the world, regardless of The accolade was awarded in recognition of the extraordinary efforts geographic boarders. made by Professor Winnacker towards internationalisation and the Junfeng Liu, China promotion of excellence in the field of science, goals also pursued by the Nobel Laureate Meetings.

Countess Sonja Bernadotte, president of the Council, opened the conference. She underlined the Council’s aim to invite the “most promising young scientists from their respective disciplines to participate at the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings” and called this “fos- tering the elite in the best sense”. Countess Bernadotte pointed out that the trusting collaboration with science academies, research cen-

19 I found the meeting to be excellent, not just because of the student contact, but for the opportunity for me to listen to such wonderful lectures from other laureates. The planning, weather, and venue were also spectacular. We had a wonderful time. Richard R. Schrock, Chemistry 2005

20 PROGRAMME

tres, leading universities and ministries con- Scientific programme cerned with education, research and science, as well as institutional partners and patrons, repre- The scientific part of the programme began on sents the basis for achieving this goal. Monday, 26th June, and continued through to Thursday, June 29th. The three-stage concept The EU Commissioner responsible for science which had already proven a success at the interdis- and research, Dr. Janez Potočnik, stressed the im- ciplinary meeting of Nobel Laureates in 2005 was portance of research at the highest level for main- taken over for the Meeting of Nobel Laureates in taining European competitiveness. The Lindau Chemistry. In addition to the introductory lectures Meetings can make an important contribution in given by the Laureates in the mornings, and the this respect. “It is good that these meetings take discussions between the Laureates and young sci- place in Europe, despite a decline in Nobel Prizes entists in the afternoons, consideration was given granted to research ‘made in Europe’. I take this as to the increasingly interdisciplinary nature of the an additional responsibility for us, policy makers sciences with a cross-discipline panel discussion at European and national level, to foster excellence on Wednesday. in European research.” The scientific programme began every morn- Federal Minister Dr. Annette Schavan called the ing with 30-minute talks given by the Laureates. Lindau Meetings an “outstanding business card The 2005 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, Profes- for Germany as a seat of research and education, sor Schrock, spoke on the first day of the scientific which radiate throughout the world”. At the same programme. The lectures given by the three 2005 time, she criticised colleges and research institu- Nobel Laureates in Physics – Professor Hänsch, tions for failing to succeed in adequately integrat- Professor Hall and Professor Glauber – on Tues- ing women into research. day morning demonstrated the interdisciplinary nature of the conference to all participants. The Bavarian State Minister of Science, Research and the Arts, Dr. Thomas Goppel, emphasised that The topics addressed in the morning talks were “excellent results in research require excellent covered in greater depth in the afternoons by the conditions”, as only so can the inherent potential Laureates in seminar-like discussions with the be exploited to the full. “Such excellent conditions young scientists. These 2-hour events formed a stage are offered to the visitors to this conference year for direct scientific exchange between the Nobel after year”, said Goppel as a representative of the Laureates and the researchers of tomorrow. The Bavarian state government. ensuing discussions frequently diverged from the actual subject of the lectures, thereby proving once more the proverbial openness of these encounters.

The 56th Meeting of Nobel Laureates in Lindau exceeded all my expectations of a scientiﬁc meeting. This meeting was unlike any I have ever attended and provided a tremendous opportunity for interaction with some of the most brilliant young minds in Chemistry from all over the world as well as with some of Nobel Laureates in Chemistry. The meeting as a whole, in my opinion, leaves nothing more to be desired of a scientiﬁc forum. Nadale Downer, Jamaica

21 PROGRAMME

Members of the interdisciplinary panel who An active discussion developed following the intro- discussed the topic “Energy and Global Warm- ductory statements given by the participating Nobel ing” included the Nobel Laureates in Chemistry Laureates. Moderated by Professor Gräslund and Professor Paul Crutzen (1995 Nobel Prize), Pro- Professor Lubitz, the scientific chairpersons of the fessor Roald Hoffmann (1981), Professor Walter 56th Nobel Laureate Meeting, the young research- Kohn (1998), Professor Rudolph Marcus (1992) ers were called upon to take an active part in the and Professor Sherwood Rowland (1995), together discussion. with the Nobel Laureate in Physics, Professor Roy Glauber (2005). Professors Sherwood Rowland The question from one young scientist as to how and Paul Crutzen (together with Mario Molina) the energy and environment policy demands made received their Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 by scientists can receive more attention among the for their work on atmospheric chemistry, particu- broad general public and in politics demonstrates larly concerning the formation and decomposition the social dimension of science that was discussed of ozone. in Lindau. It is the consideration that is given to social and political correlations which has been Professor Crutzen outlined his proposal for elim- a distinguishing feature of the Lindau Dialogue inating global warming, conceived as a makeshift since 1951. solution, which would involve blowing millions of tons of sulphur in the form of minute sulphate The debate about solar energy was continued particles into the upper layers of the atmosphere following the panel discussion with the presenta- to counteract the greenhouse effect. In an essay tion of the documentary “The Power of the Sun”. in the technical periodical “Climatic Change” The two Nobel Laureates Walter Kohn and Alan (8/2006), he presented his thoughts to the broad Heeger played a decisive role in the realisation of science world, and in doing so triggered a lively this film. debate. With 22 lectures and 24 discussion groups, the During the panel discussion, Professor Hoff- 56th Nobel Laureate Meeting on Lake Constance mann expressed his “anxiety about how scientific offered a broad cross-section of current scientific data is perceived in political discussions”, and he topics being discussed by the greatest researchers urged scientists to “take an active role in the polit- of our time. The positive assessments that emerged ical process”. Professor Walter Kohn pointed out from the evaluation of the scientific programme that “only solar energy will be available forever”, show that the examination of topical questions and he issued this appeal to the young researchers from their own fields of research aroused great present: “We have to act now and not wait until it is interest among the young researchers, and met too late.” with a positive reception.

The Lindau Meeting resembles an encouragement workshop. It carries you away from your scientiﬁc everyday problems and makes you forget disheartened thoughts. Instead, the reason and joy of becoming and being a scientist return to your mind. Henning Friedrich, Germany

22 I have been thrilled by my ﬁrst opportunity to attend a Lindau Meeting as a Nobel Laureate. Even as a physicist among chemists, I found this meeting most stimulating and rewarding. From many excellent talks I learned a lot about recent advances in different ﬁelds of chemistry. More importantly, I enjoyed countless exciting discussions with talented students and young researchers from all over the world. Last but not least I am grateful for the warm hospitality of Countess Bettina Bernadotte and her family. Theodor W. Hänsch, Physics 2005

23 This week in The Meeting of Lindau gave me a Nobel Laureates in deep insight into the Lindau was a fantas- world of natural sci- tic experience and I ence. Being just at the feel fortunate to have beginning of my stud- had the chance to par- ies, the Meeting of ticipate. It was really the Nobel Laureates inspiring to meet the was an unique and Laureates and young inspiring experience. researchers from all It was enriching to over the world. I was meet so many young encouraged and moti- scientists from all vated by the scientiﬁc over the world. I was knowledge and per- particulary impressed by the talks about the ATPase pre- sonal experience that the Nobel Laureates shared with sented by Prof. Sir J. Walker and the talk about intracel- us. Above all, it was great hearing their dedication, pas- lular protein degradation by Prof. A. Ciechanover. Thanks sion and enthusiasm for science. The beauty of Lindau for the opportunity to participate in this great scientiﬁc and the social and cultural events also contributed to a and social event. Merle Hantsche, Germany marvellous week. Dr. Kaisa Haglund, Sweden

Social programme

Together with the scientiﬁc part of the Nobel Lau- As in previous years, UBS AG showed its afﬁliation reate Meetings, the social programme is an impor- with the conference and its goals. The UBS Verbier tant element of the Lindau Dialogue. These events Festival Orchestra once more gave a guest concert make a substantial contribution to the frequently in Lindau’s municipal theatre, which was followed quoted “spirit of Lindau” by making it easier for by a reception hosted by Jacob Bjorheim, the Man- the participants to become acquainted with one aging Director of UBS Wealth Management. Works another. The 56th Meeting of Nobel Laureates on by Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Lake Constance again offered the Laureates and Igor Strawinsky were played under the direction of young scientists many such opportunities. the violinist and conductor, Maestro Dmitry Sitko- vetsky. This cultural offering met with great inter- The traditional “Get-Together Party” on Mon- est among the young researchers. The UBS Verbier day evening in the Inselhalle congress hall opened Festival Orchestra and the Lindau Nobel Laure- the social programme. All those attending the con- ate Meetings on Lake Constance have one ideal in ference were invited by the City of Lindau and common: To recognise excellence and to promote the Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meet- it from an early stage. ings at Lake Constance to a buffet and evening of music. People from more than 53 countries crossed In addition to the events on the social pro- national and cultural boundaries to become per- gramme offered by the Council, various national sonally acquainted for a week of dialogue on Lake delegations provided opportunities for an uncom- Constance. plicated exchange of views and ideas outside of the conference venue in Lindau’s Inselhalle. For The highlight of the evening was the talk given example, young American researchers invited rep- by Professor Hans Rosling, in which he rejected resentatives from other countries to have lunch the division of the world into developed industrial together. The tips supplied by the organisers states and developing countries and demonstrated about which restaurants and bars were showing that a more differentiated view of global develop- football matches from the World Cup, which was ments is necessary. Presented as it was to an audi- being hosted in Germany at the same time, also ence of conference participants from 53 countries presented opportunities for getting to know one and regions, this thesis met with wide approval, as another. was proved by the numerous table conversations on the subject that followed.

24 | Grace Kinunda from Tanzania at the farewell Farewell ceremony.

The 56th Nobel Laureate Meeting on Lake Con- During the farewell ceremony, Countess Sonja Ber- stance closed with a boat trip for all the conference nadotte announced that Professor Franz Knöpfle is participants to the Island of Mainau, where Coun- to be admitted to the Honorary Senate of the Len- tess Sonja Bernadotte bade farewell to the Laure- nart Bernadotte Foundation. This honour is in rec- ates and scientists of tomorrow. She expressed her ognition of the dedication he has shown in devel- hope that some of the young researchers would oping the Nobel Laureate Meetings into a venue for return to Lake Constance as Nobel Laureates. encounters between today’s elite of science and the world’s most promising scientists of tomorrow. He On behalf of all the 23 Nobel Laureates present, will be retiring from the Council in autumn 2006 Professor Schrock, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for age reasons. in 2005, addressed the gifted and promising researchers: “Success is born of specialist knowledge The 56th Nobel Laureate Meeting in Lindau and personality. At the Nobel Laureate Meetings, stands for a dialogue that transgresses cultural knowledge is imparted and discussed in an interna- and national boundaries and promotes the develop- tional environment. Here, cultural dialogue is expe- ment of new long-term networks between the best rienced beyond national and cultural boundaries. scientists. To ensure that these networks remain This makes the conference a unique occasion for productive beyond the time spent on Lake Con- the scientists of tomorrow,” said Professor Schrock. stance is the challenge that is to be faced. A first step has been accomplished through the setting up As spokesperson for the young scientists, chemis- of a database of all the participants. In future, the try student Grace Kinunda from Tanzania thanked Council will therefore also be focussing on estab- not only the Nobel Laureates and the patrons of the lishing an active alumni network for the benefit of conference, but also her professor at the University scientific progress. of Dar es Salaam, who had drawn her attention to the possibility of applying to attend. “Thanks to the Together with the Web site as a virtual confer- suggestions made by the Nobel Laureates, I have ence venue, the Lindau Dialogue is developing come a long way towards achieving my personal into that “window to the world”, which is how their goal of developing an environmentally accepta- visionary co-founder, Count Lennart Bernadotte, ble green chemistry.” Grace Kinunda expressed viewed the Nobel Laureate Meetings. the hope that in future more scientists from Africa would find their way to Lindau.

25 SURVEY PART TWO Academic Credentials of the Meeting

Please assess the following parts of the programme:

PLENARY LECTURES (455) 235 Very Good 203 Good 17 Fair 1 Poor STUDENT DISCUSSIONS WITH LAUREATES (AFTERNOON) (444 + 7 No Answer) 202 Very Good 185 Good 50 Fair 7 Poor PANEL DISCUSSION “ENERGY AND GLOBAL WARMING” (436 + 8 N.A.) 72 Very Good 160 Good 148 Fair 56 Poor INTERACTION WITH OTHER PARTICIPANTS DURING THE MEETING (440 + 2 N.A.) 210 Very Good 183 Good 39 Fair 8 Poor

* The very good ratings for the plenary lectures in the mornings and for the student discussions with the Laureates in the afternoons demonstrate the scientiﬁc success of the 56th Meeting of Nobel Laureates. The panel discussion “Energy and Global Warming” also received good ratings, though to a lesser extent than the lectures and discussions. Statements from the questionnaires make it clear that the non-controversial manner of the panel discussion led to this evaluation.

The assessment of the conceptual orientation of the meeting shows an overall satisfaction with the concept. The slightly higher ratings for the answers “not sufﬁciently international”, “too non-controversial” panels and “too little” student involvement (compared to “too general” for the interdisciplinary character and “too broad” for the selection of topics) might be interpreted as a demand for greater internationalisation of the Meeting, more scien- tiﬁc dialogue that enhances science, and that more scope should be given to the opinions of the young scientists during the discussions.

26 SURVEY PART TWO

How do you assess the conceptual orientation of the meeting?

INTERNATIONALITY (440 + 2 N.A.) 10 Too International 383 Appropriate 47 Not Sufﬁciently International INTERDISCIPLINARY CHARACTER (431 + 4 N.A.) 35 Too Focused 375 Appropriate 21 Too General SELECTION OF TOPICS FOR PANELS (416 + 23 N.A.) 43 Too Speciﬁc 341 Appropriate 32 Too Broad PANELS (402 + 35 N.A.) 2 Too Controversial 305 Appropriate 95 Too Non- controversial STUDENT INVOLVEMENT (429 + 6 N.A.) 9 Too Much 331 Appropriate 89 Too Little

YOUNG RESEARCHERS´ STATEMENTS:

“The talks involving societal issues were more unique and gave Lindau character about more typi- cal conferences.”

“I received a big ‘push’ in motivation, enthusiastic about the talks of the laureates, even if nearly none was connected to my research subject.”

“It would be useful and interesting if the students would have an option to present their work in the form of posters. This would encourage more discussions between the students and would be also helpful for the Laureates to get to know the work of the students.”

“Everyone agreed with each other on the panel, and it was difﬁcult to participate. Small groups of students interacting with the Nobel Laureates would have worked better, if possible.”

27 SURVEY PART THREE Organisation of the Meeting

Please assess the following parts of the programme

OVERALL ORGANISATION (446 + 2 N.A.) 359 Good 80 Satisfactory 7 Unsatisfactory

REGISTRATION (445 + 2 N.A.) 384 Good 57 Satisfactory 4 Unsatisfactory

INTERNET CAFÉ AND WLAN (405 + 36 N.A.) 226 Good 137 Satisfactory 42 Unsatisfactory

* Overall, the organisation of the Meeting received very good ratings. Three aspects deserve special attention: accomodation, Internet café/WLAN and the homepage. The evaluation showed that there seem to be two reasons for the high proportion of accomodation rankings in the categories “satisfactory” (154) and “unsatisfactory” (27): that some students had to stay in hotels located off the island, which meant they had to return at night using a bus service that ended at around 10.30 pm. Another group of critics did mention their surpise that they had to share a room (or even a bed) with another student they did not know.

Main criticism concerning the Internet café/WLAN in the Inselhalle refered to the fact that there were not enough computers for more than 500 young researchers. Some of them either did not know about the WLAN hotspot at the conference venue or experienced some difﬁculties in logging on.

The homepage is used by participants as the point of entry for their visit to Lindau, which explains the very high expectations connected with it. Students often indicated that they did not ﬁnd the information they were looking for (address of the Inselhalle, information about hotels, etc.). Some students said that the online application process was too complicated.

Regarding the question as to what services they missed, participants responded with two major requests: free coffee and water during the breaks, and the possibility of a warm and cheap lunch.

28 SURVEY PART THREE

HOMEPAGE (433 + 14 N.A.) 242 Good 161 Satisfactory 30 Unsatisfactory

COST REIMBURSEMENT (375 + 67 N.A.) 257 Good 101 Satisfactory 17 Unsatisfactory

ACCOMMODATION (439 + 8 N.A.) 258 Good 154 Satisfactory 27 Unsatisfactory

YOUNG RESEARCHERS´ STATEMENTS:

“Every service provided is so good, especially for registration efﬁciency, internet access, ear-phone for discussions, anything seemed wonderful.”

“I missed the possibility to have some cheap warm meals.”

“The meeting was really great! The air condition was really appreciated.”

“Having to pay for coffee at morning break was unacceptable to me, as was the fact that no other re- freshment (i.e. food) were provided in this break. I have never been to a conference where lunch was not included on the registration let alone a simple cup of coffee!”

“1) Only 1 Internet Explorer program was installed on computers in internet café, installation at least of Microsoft Ofﬁce is advisable. 2) Timetable of panels should be kept more strictly. 3) Social and cultural program may be expanded.”

“The connections to the outside hotels via bus are not very good in the evenings after social events.”

29 I would praise the glorious tradition of the Lindau Meeting over a half century. The dialogue with the emerging scientists from all over the world was truly impressive. They are all highly motivated. I am certain that they will work together in leading science and technology of this century. Ryoji Noyori, Chemistry 2001

30 Benefactors and Donors

The 2006 Meeting of Nobel Laureates in Chemistry The Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meet- was made possible by active private-public partner- ings at Lake Constance has taken a big step towards ships and generous support from scientiﬁc, commer- its goal of assuring the ﬁnancial security of future cial and political institutions. Without this patron- conferences. The donation made by Deutsche Bank age, it would not be possible to assure the future of AG marks the involvement of another German glo- the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings and its contin- bal player in developing the conference into the uing development. most important globally-orientated event in Europe for the scientists of tomorrow.

It was a nice and The cooperation agreement between the Coun- new experience. cil and the German Academy of Technological Sci- The opportunity to meet ences, “acatech”, was likewise connected with the Nobel Laureates and support for a project. The president of “acatech”, to exchange different Professor Joachim Milberg, is also a member of the points of view was fan- Honorary Senate of the Foundation. The purpose tastic. Apart from any- of the collaboration with Germany’s acknowledged thing else, I was made institution for technological sciences is to integrate richer through the chance application-orientated research and technology in to get to know students the Lindau dialogue. or young researchers with same interests. Ecoscientia, a Swiss foundation that promotes Ignacio Javier Núnez Zorriqueta, Spain special affairs in education and science, is another renowned institution that could be won over in sup- A donation in kind from EnBW Energie Baden port and advancement of the Lindau Meetings. Württemberg AG meant that a new air-conditioning system could be installed at the venue of the Responsibility for initiating and developing such conference, the Inselhalle, in good time before cooperation agreements and donations has been the 56th Nobel Laureate Meeting opened. Having assigned by Countess Sonja Bernadotte to Professor made a donation to the Foundation in 2005, the Wolfgang Schürer, the chairman of the Board of the EnBW board of directors responded to a request Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at by the Council and the Foundation by agreeing to Lake Constance and a member of the Council. take over the ﬁnancing of the modernisation of the He is actively assisted by Senior Research Associate Inselhalle. This commitment is a classic exam- Dr. Urs V. Arnold and Nikolaus Turner, member of ple of private-public partnership in these times of the Board of the Foundation and the Council´s public budget constraints, and a response to the Treasurer. Taking into account the Second Lindau 2005 evaluation report in which the Laureates and Meeting in Economic Sciences that was held in young researchers had criticised in equal measure August, 2006, a total of 180 working days were spent the lack of air conditioning. on these activities.

31 | Young researchers and Professor Rowland during the “Get-Together Party” on Monday night.

Thanks to the support given by the Federal The support received from the European Commis- Ministry of Education and Research (Federal Min- sion (EU Commissioner for Science and Research, ister Dr. Annette Schavan) and the Robert Bosch Dr. Janez Potočnik) reached new heights with the Foundation (Attorney Dieter Berg, Chairman of the attendance of a delegation of fellows of the Marie Executive Board, Dr. Ingrid Hamm, Member of the Curie Programme, representing a solid basis for Executive Board; Dr. Ingrid Wünning, Director for future cooperation. Science in Society), it has been possible to develop The International Lake Constance Conference (Rita the Nobel Laureate Meeting into a platform for the Fuhrer, Chairperson of the IBK in 2006) provided exchange of knowledge between the greatest sci- substantial support for the Web site of the Meeting entists of today and the most promising talents of of Nobel Laureates in Chemistry. Together with the tomorrow. Together with subsidies from the Bavar- Free State of Bavaria, it enabled young budding sci- ian State Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts entists world-wide to follow selected conference (State Minister Dr. Thomas Goppel and Assistant lectures over the Internet. Secretary Dr. Georg Brun), the German Research Community (President Professor Ernst-Ludwig Crucial to the professional organisation of the Meet- Winnacker and Cora Laforet, head of the Depart- ing were also donations in kind. Flight arrangements ment for International Cooperation), the Federation made through Lufthansa were greatly appreciated of Donors to German Science (Stifterverband für by the Laureates. The limousine service provided by die Deutsche Wissenschaft), the Stiftung van Mee- AUDI AG for the Nobel Laureates pleasantly short- teren and the Klaus Tschira Foundation gGmbH, ened the distance between Hotel Bad Schachen and they made a decisive contribution to the success of the Inselhalle. MAN AG provided a coach and driver, the 56th Nobel Laureate Meeting. and the Laureates made intensive use of this service. The allocated ﬁnancial support permitted a strict Other examples are the acoustic equipment made selection process that was exclusively orientated available in the Inselhalle by Sennheiser electronic to the selection criteria, and not to the monetary GmbH and Co. KG and the mail delivery vouchers resources of the young researchers. provided by Deutsche Post AG/ DHL.

The criteria assured the high standard of the con- The success of the 56th Meeting of Nobel Laureates ference, which is an essential prerequisite for its in Lindau is to be attributed to a signiﬁcant degree positive image in the science world. The donations to the hard work performed by the Council mem- also meant that the international character of the cir- bers and the members of the Foundation, who pro- cle of participants could be enhanced even further. vided their services during the course of the preparation, realisation and assurance of this unique event on a pro bono basis.

32 Climbing through the 2006 Lindau Meeting of Nobel Laureates in Chemistry with students from all over the world, brought us to an yet another summit of success. The challenges posed by the students are becoming more difﬁcult as time passes, and their ability to see the future problems becomes sharper. Rather than teaching, I found myself in many occasions being taught, and in many other occasions discussing complex issues among equals. Surprisingly (or maybe not) was the high emphasis and interest of the students in bioethical problems that we are now facing in a growing pace. The students attending are clearly not only the best in science, but represent a high degree of societal and personal conscience. Aaron Ciechanover, Chemistry 2004

33 I enjoyed the meeting in Lindau very much. I hope the students enjoyed it as much as I did. I think the change to bring in students from all over the world is a very good thing. It does more to promote science globally both by providing an enriching experience to the best students across the globe and by creating contacts between individuals in nations separated by great distances – contacts that may ripen and grow and last a lifetime. I like the afternoon sessions. It worked out particularly well for me as my afternoon session was on the same day as my morning lecture so that the students still remembered the lecture and had the opportunity to probe more deeply. I found from the questions and comments in the afternoon sessions that often members of the audience knew things that I didn‘t. I always enjoy learning something. Robert F. Curl Jr., Chemistry 1996

34 Communication and Media Relations

The publicity work for the 56th Meeting of Nobel Laureates stood under The Lindau the influence of football’s World Cup, which was taking place in Ger- Meeting was a many at the same time. Despite the strong focus on events all around the great event in my stadiums, the conference generated a substantial media echo. Responsi- life. Where else ble for this were 40 accredited journalists from Germany, Russia, China, one could find so Sweden, Malaysia and Bangladesh. Here are some examples: much wisdom and knowledge as well as love The Malaysian TV channel TV3 interviewed young researchers in and fun around? Young happy faces, Lindau for their prime-time news show. laughing sparks in the Nobel Laure- A correspondent from the state Chinese news agency Xinhua ates‘ eyes, new friends from differ- accompanied the entire conference and sent a series of reports to ent parts of the world, exciting dis- Beijing. cussions and long night walks near the Lake Constance under the sky Newton Magazine interviewed eight Laureates in Lindau. full of stars - I will never forget it. The Russian science journalist Viola Egikova reported from the And above all - the spirit of science conference for the reputable journal Mospravda. and friendship, the spirit of the Lindau Meetings. Thank you! Dmitry V. Filyukov, Russia Thomas Ellerbeck, member and speaker of the Council and member of the Board of the Foundation, was responsible for media coordina- The Lindau Meeting was an tion. He was actively assisted by Science&Media in Munich and Chris- extraordinary experience. Noticing tian Rapp in the Lindau office. that other young researchers as well as the Laureates have the same For the first time, a gallery installation of Laureates was created in minor and major difficulty at the Lindau within the framework of the media communication activities. beginning of their career give me All the Nobel Laureates who attended the 56th Meeting were intro- new motivation for my Ph.D. thesis. duced to the people of Lindau and the guests to the conference with I will bear this meeting my whole life larger than life portraits from Peter Badge´s book “Nobel Laureates in in my mind. Portraits”. The prominent positioning of the gallery on the approach Sabine Meis, Germany to the bridge over the lake assured high visibility of the conference in the townscape, providing media and participants alike with impressive pictorial motifs. The project was organised together with Pro Lindau Marketing GmbH.

The distribution list compiled the previous year with the addresses of all the chief editors of the German daily newspapers again proved to be a practical tool when issuing press releases. Particularly in the case of regional newspapers that do not have pages dedicated to science topics, supplying the names of participants at the conference

35 PRESS REVIEW

“Even before they left for Lindau Germany, “Opening of the Nobel Laureate Forum – the five young persons from Tamil Nadu were Chinese students in dialogue with the scientific excited. The feeling never waned during their elite” stay at Lindau, where some of the world �s great- Xinhua News Agency, China, 25 June 2006 est minds gathered to discuss and exchange their expertise built over years of research activity.” “Lindau: A Nobel Conference – An unusual The Hindu, India, 31 July 2006 conference on Lake Constance in the Swiss Alps gives students a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity “Although 2006 was devoted to chemistry, the to interact casually with Nobel laureates. Nobel Laureates in Lindau were joined not only Students return home with new insights into by the chemist Richard Schrock, but also by the everything from scientific discovery to the mean- physicists Roy Glauber, Theodor Hänsch and John ing of life.” Hall. Incidentally, this gave the meeting that extra Chemistry, USA, Winter 2006 spice, as modern research is able to develop even more intensively where the sciences converge. (...) “Why don’t they listen? – Scientists at the Despite this, the most vital aspect of Lindau is the NobelLaureate Meeting in Lindau urge politi- ‘luxury of people interacting with one another’.” cians to take note.” Mospravda, Russia, 1 August 2006 Handelsblatt, Germany, 29 June 2006

“Talking shop at the highest level. – Perhaps “With participants from 53 countries, this the reason why the tête à tête between the world’s year’s Nobel Laureate Meeting in Lindau has best researchers and students and doctoral stu- an even more international character than the dents from Europe, the USA and Asia enjoys such World Cup, but instead of football, the visitors an outstanding reputation is that Germany last prefer studying formulas.” year itself produced a Nobel Laureate, physicist Ärztezeitung, Germany, 28 June 2006 Theodor Hänsch from Munich.” Süddeutsche Zeitung, Germany, 24 June 2006 “Lindau has indeed become a true window to bring two generations of most talented scientists “This globally unique meeting is a venue for to shape the future world.” the transfer of knowledge between the greatest Energy & Power, Bangladesh, 16 July 2006 researchers of our time and selected young scientists from all over the world.” “Lindau comes right after Stockholm. – The Die Welt, Germany, 26 June 2006 Lindau Meeting of Nobel Laureates seeks to bring together the world´s best next-generation “The world as guests of scientiﬁc excellence” scientists and the brightest minds of our time.” VDI Nachrichten, Germany, 7 July 2006 Bild der Wissenschaft, Germany, July 2006

36 | Professor Michel being interviewed at the Inselhalle.

from the local catchment area offers an interest- Thanks to the support given by the International ing means of reporting on the Nobel Laureate Meet- Lake Constance Conference (IBK) and the Free ings in Lindau. State of Bavaria, enthusiasts world-wide were able German embassies abroad, together with official to follow the 14 talks by the scientific elite over the state representations in Berlin, were incorporated Internet. The broadcasts were a popular centre of in the press activities this year as well, and were attraction on the Web site, as is evident from the supplied with information about the participating high page-hit figures. The Lindau Nobel Laureate young scientists from their respective countries. Meetings have thus become a “window to the The reaction from the embassies was extremely world” and a showcase for Europe as a seat of sci- encouraging, and will be an incentive for the media ence, casting its shadow far beyond the borders of relations team to broaden its media horizons even our continent. further in future. The Internet site www.lindau-nobel.de is devel- In cooperation with BundB-Medien, special oping more and more into a virtual Nobel Laureate attention was paid for the very first time to provid- Meeting, where the Laureate lectures are accessi- ing radio stations with information about the con- ble 24 hours a day and scientific discussions can be ference. BundB-Medien produced ready-for-broad- held in the alumni section, which will be duly cast articles and placed them at the disposal of the expanded. The openness of the information mate- radio channels. In addition to this, an Internet rial on the Web site is an essential element of the audio service provided a contemporary source of Lindau Dialogue, which would like to be a source access shortly after the opening of the conference of motivation and inspiration over and beyond cul- on June 25th to statements given by participants tural and national boundaries. Participation at the and guests of honour (including Countess Sonja Meeting in Lindau remains a very special honour Bernadotte, former German President Herzog and for the chosen young researchers, whose achieve- Federal Minister Schavan), so that they could be ments in both scientific and social areas qualify reported upon almost as they happened. Broadcast- them to join this elite congregation. ing stations were notified about this service in advance and were able to download suitable sound The reporting from the 56th Meeting of Nobel bites from an Internet page. Laureates was predominantly of an atmospheric nature, the focus being on the interaction on Lake After the Meeting was over, the radio reports Constance between the scientific elite and the best and statements were made available to interested young researchers. The conference is increasingly listeners and Internet users in the new radio sec- regarded as a platform for intercultural dialogue tion of the Web site www.lindau-nobel.de. The between the elite of today and the most promising transmitted radio reports and statements reached scientific talents of tomorrow, and as the birthplace more than one million listeners, an audience that is of networks that continue to prosper long after the growing with the online availability. days spent on Lake Constance.

37 The support of students from abroad had a profound and positive inﬂuence on the Lindau Meetings and made them even more attractive for all, students and laureates. The interactions and discussions are very lifely and gained much by the views and experiences of an international studentship. The wonderful surrounding of Lindau, the lake, the beautiful, old,and hospitable city on the island, and the mountains, and not the least the friendly, helpful staff add to the good spirits of all attendants. When I meet on my travels students who had been at one of the Lindau Meetings they are full of praise and accredit a major inﬂuence on their views of science and scientists to it. Robert Huber, Chemistry 1988

38 An Eye to the Future

The success of the 56th Nobel Laureate Meeting with the other young researchers at the Nobel lies in its acceptance: in the world of science, Laureate Meeting. Greater attention to the as a unique opportunity for the bright and the alumni will give a decisive impetus to consoli- best to learn and to acquire motivation from dating and expanding the range of interna- acknowledged authorities in their respective tional networks springing from the Nobel Lau- ﬁelds in an incomparable atmosphere; in poli- reate Meetings in Lindau. tics, as a ﬂagship project for Europe as a seat Global awareness of responsibility in the of science and industry; and in industry and international science community depends on business, as an active private-public partner- environments facilitating mutual acceptance. ship in which enterprises become involved for The Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings on Lake the common good. Constance provide the young scientific elite

Systematic organisation of the Meeting as with a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to do this. a platform for intercultural dialogue between With the ongoing development of the Internet the elites of today and of tomorrow made this site, www.lindau-nobel.de, into an online con- success possible. Continued acceptance of the ference venue, the frank, strongly intercultural Meeting will be assured by the fact that the character of the Nobel Laureate Meetings international character of the circle of par- appeals not only to former attendees, but is also ticipants is increasingly pronounced, and an invitation to everyone with an interest in sci- through conclusion of long-term agreements ence to participate in the Lindau Dialogue. The for cooperation with leading scientific institu- “window to the world” is opening even wider. tions world-wide. The Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate To underline the Lindau credo of scientific Meetings and the Foundation Lindau Nobel- excellence and international networking still prizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance further, expansion of the alumni network would like to express their thanks to all the could represent the next objective. The survey benefactors and donors who contributed in so has shown that, after the scientific programme many different ways to the success of the 56th and their encounters with the Nobel Laure- Nobel Laureate Meeting. Without their gener- ates, participating young scientists value above ous support, it would be that much more diffi- all the exchange of knowledge and experience cult to master the challenges of the future.

39 Facts & Figures The Lindau Meeting of Nobel Laureates 2006

40 41 More than 500 extremely talented scientists of tomorrow from 53 countries and regions have attended the 56th Meeting of Nobel Laureates in Lindau. Having been nominated by numerous universities, foundations or international research institutes, they have all successfully passed a comprehensive and rigorous selection procedure.

Argentina 3 Australia 7 Austria 8 Brazil 6 Bulgaria 2 Canada 8 Chile 1 China 39 Czech Rep. 11 Denmark 2 Egypt 1 Estonia 1 Finland 1 France 7 Germany 138 Great Britain 9 Greece 2 Hungary 8 India 33 Indonesia 4 Ireland 1 Israel 10 Italy 2 Jamaica 1 Japan 15 Kazakhstan 1 Malaysia 4 Mexico 2 Morocco 1 Netherlands 7 New Zealand 2 Norway 3 Pakistan 8 Peru 1 Poland 11 Portugal 1 Puerto-Rico 1 Romania 1 Russia 24 Singapore 1 Slovak Rep. 1 Slovenia 4 South Korea 5 Spain 14 Sweden 8 Switzerland 7 Taiwan 2 Tanzania 1 Turkey 2 Ukraine 8 UAE 2 USA 70 Yugoslavia 1

42 The 56th Meeting of The interaction with Nobel Laureates in Lindau Nobel Laureates was very was a very unique experi- helpful and a unique expe- ence for me and I really rience. I learnt that a per- enjoyed it. I never imag- son just has to stick to ined that I would talk to his basics and work crea- the Laureates personally tively and intelligently and and that we can exchange that this might earn him ideas. Furthermore, a Nobel Prize. My inter- I would like to add that the actions also provided an discussion between the excellent perspective on elite about Global Warm- life and on a life in sci- ing was very exciting. It was very interesting to meet the ence. These talks motivated me to pursue goals beyond young scientists and to discuss different issues with personal achievement and work towards bringing science them. I actually found a lot of friends. Lindau is a very further into the consciousness of society as a whole. nice and beautiful place and it is the perfect location for I think that every year there should be some interdiscipli- the meeting. Last but not least, I would like to thank the nary lectures as these would help people from different Alexander von Humboldt Foundation to nominate me to ﬁelds to learn about the developments in other areas attend this wonderful meeting. and how these developments have an impact on their Dr. Nadia El-Gamel, Egypt area of work. These could spark new ideas and widen horizons of thinking. Madeeha Aqil, India During my studies I got acquainted with the The Nobel Laureates fundamental theories Meeting at Lake Con- underlying chemistry, stance is an unforgettable often named after those experience. The fact of who developed them. In being among the most Lindau, some of the mere prominent personalities names became unforget- and such a big cultural table faces and personal- diversity makes one feel ities to me. I realised that in a very special place. a theory is much more The Laureates not only than just that, it stands gave excellent lectures for an outstanding scientist, a human being whose about how they addressed exceptional life has lead to exceptional achievements. a particular issue in sci- Natalie Renuka Banerji, Austria ence and its importance, but also emphasized the ben- eﬁts of a multidisciplinary science and to see its equilib- It was an extraordi- rium with other fundamental aspects of human nary experience to partic- development from a holistic point of view. To listen and ipate in the meeting with participate at the discussions was very motivating since such a great number of it could be possible to know how they passed some masters that I only knew obstacles. from the textbooks. I was It is noteworthy that all Laureates share a pattern: hard so much impressed by work, passion for science and so much love for life. the group discussions Every social event was well organized and just at the with the laureates about end, on Mainau Island, the tasty smells of the roses pin- what a scientist should pointed that the meaning of chemistry lies everywhere. think and how a scientist I am very thankful for all the people who make these should be. It will be a great asset for me at the start line meetings a perfect achievement. as a scientist. Hyung-Kyoo Kwon, South Korea Carlos Acevedo-Rocha, Mexico

43 ACADEMIC AMBASSADORS

The Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meet- Hungarian Academy of Sciences ings and the Foundation Lindau Nobelprize- Indian Ministry of Science and Technology winners Meetings at Lake Constance welcomed Industrie-Club e.V. Düsseldorf young researchers nominated by a worldwide INTAS - International Association for the network of academic ambassadors. Promotion of Cooperation with Scientists from the New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union Academia Sinica, Taiwan Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Agency for Science, Technology & Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) Research (A*STAR) The Klaus Tschira Foundation gGmbH Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Konrad Adenauer Foundation e.V. Australian Academy of Science Marie Curie Programme of the European Union Carl Zeiss AG Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Chemie-Olympiade Baden-Württemberg Science e. V. Sino-German Center for Research Promotion National Institutes of Health (NIH) Community Foundation of Arizona National Science Foundation (NSF) Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU) National Institute of Standards and Technology German Research Foundation (DFG) Nobel Foundation German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Deutsche Telekom Stiftung Applied Sciences Dickinson College Polish Academy of Sciences Elite Network of Bavaria Professor-Rhein-Stiftung Erasmus University of Rotterdam Robert Bosch Stiftung European Molecular Biology Royal Society of Chemistry Organization (EMBO) Royal Society of New Zealand European Science Foundation (ESF) Ernst Schering Foundation Foundation for Polish Science Schweizer Studienstiftung Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Slowenian Academy of Science and Arts Fulbright-Commission South Korean Ministry of Science GAIN - German Academic International Stiftung Jugend forscht e.V. Network United Arab Emirates Ministry of Culture, Gottlieb-Daimler- and Karl Benz-Foundation Higher Education and Science Research Government of Pakistan University of Southern Denmark Helmholtz Association of German Research U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Centres The Volkswagen Foundation Human Frontier Science Programme Verband der Chemischen Industrie (VCI) Organisation (HFSP) Wilhelm Sander-Stiftung

44 45 The enthusiasm of the students was impressive. As far as the Laureates were concerned, I was also impressed by their engagement with the students. The arrangements for Laureates were impeccable, and I enjoyed very much having sufﬁcient time to get to know some of them better. I am very grateful to everyone in the Foundation for taking care of me so well. Sir John E. Walker, Chemistry 1997

46 SELECTION CRITERIA for International Talents in Science and Research

All selected participants shall,

- show a genuine interest in science and research, - show a strong commitment both to their principal field of studies and to the interdisciplinary dialogue with the international academic community, - receive an unequivocal support of their application by their academic advisor and/or by internationally renowned scientists (received scholarships and other academic awards can serve as recommendations), - be fluent in English, - be familiar with societal impacts of scientific knowledge and its applications, - in general be younger than 30 years; - in exceptional cases postdoctoral scientists can be up to 35 years of age.

In addition, the following requirements shall be fulﬁlled in dependence of the age of the participants:

(1) Undergraduate students shall belong to the top 10 per cent of their class, possess a solid general knowledge in the natural sciences. (2) Doctoral students shall have excellent graduation records, produce outstanding research, possess a good teaching experience. (3) Postdoctoral scientists shall have up to 5 years of postdoctoral experience, have published results of scientific investigations in widely recognized scientific journals, have presented research reports at scientific meetings, have acquired solid experience in teaching and tutoring, possess experience in research management.

47 BENEFACTORS AND DONORS

The Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate The following institutions and persons sup- Meetings and the Foundation Lindau ported as Benefactors and Donors the 56th Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance Meeting of Nobel Laureates 2006 in Lindau wishes to thank its Principle Patrons and and the participation of students and young Patrons who have contributed to the endowment. researchers.

Principle Patrons of the Foundation Lindau Bavarian State Ministry of Science, Research Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance and the Arts Audi AG Robert Bosch Stiftung GmbH Bertarelli Foundation Deutsche Lufthansa AG Deutsche Bank AG Deutsche Telekom Stiftung Ecoscientia Stiftung Federal Ministry of Education and Research EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG (BMBF) Novartis International AG German Research Foundation (DFG) Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AG Hewlett-Packard GmbH SAP AG International Lake Constance Conference (IBK) Siemens AG MS Management Service AG Südwestmetall Baden-Württemberg UBS AG Verband der Bayerischen Chemischen Industrie Verband der Bayerischen Metall- und Academy of Sciences Malaysia Elektro-Industrie e.V. acatech-Konvent für Technikwissenschaften der Union der deutschen Akademien der Wissen- schaften e. V. Patrons of the Foundation Lindau Nobelprize- Agency for Science, Technologie & Research winners Meetings at Lake Constance (A*STAR) Deutsche Telekom Stiftung Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Hansjörg Wyss Medical Foundation artiﬁcial image M M Müller Jungbunzlauer AG AUDI AG Monika and Wolfgang Schürer Australian Academy of Science Synthes-Stratec Inc. Bayerische Staatskanzlei The Association of German Engineers (VDI) Berg-Stiftung im Stifterverband Big Image Systems GmbH Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG Carl Zeiss AG Chemie-Olympiade Baden-Württemberg Chinesisch-Deutsches Zentrum für Wissenschaftsförderung Community Foundation of Arizona Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU) Deutsche Post AG/ DHL

48 Deutsche Telekom AG National Science Foundation (NSF) Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst National Institute of Standards and Technology (DAAD) (USA) Dr. Hans Liebherr Stiftung Simon Newman EDUARD-RHEIN-STIFTUNG N.N. Elitenetzwerk Bayern Nobel Foundation Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) ETO Magnetics KG Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied European Commission Sciences European Science Foundation Polish Academy of Sciences F. S. Fehrer GmbH & Co. KG PROFESSOR-RHEIN-STIFTUNG Prof. Dr. h.c. Artur Fischer ProLindau Marketing GmbH & Co. KG Foundation for Polish Science PricewaterhouseCoopers Aktiengesellschaft Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Royal Society of Chemistry angewandten Forschung e.V. Royal Society of New Zealand Fulbright-Kommission Science&Media, Büro für Wissenschafts- und German Academic International Network Technikkommunikation (GAIN) Schweizer Studienstiftung Gottlieb Daimler- und Karl Benz-Stiftung Sennheiser electronic GmbH & Co. KG Government of Pakistan Slowenian Academy of Sciences and Arts Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher For- South Korean Ministry of Science schungszentren Stadt Lindau (B) Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) Stadtverkehr Lindau (B) GmbH Hungarian Academy of Sciences Stifterverband für die deutsche Wissenschaft Indian Ministry of Science and Technology Stiftung Jugend forscht e.V. Industrie-Club e.V. Düsseldorf Stiftung van Meeteren INTAS, International Association for the Südkurier promotion of cooperation with scientists from UNESCO the New Independent States of the former Soviet United Arab Emirates Ministry of Culture, Union Higher Education and Science Research Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, University of Southern Denmark Sciences and Technology U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Lorie Karnath and Robert E. Roethenmund VolkswagenStiftung Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Verband der Chemischen Industrie e.V. Lennart-Bernadotte-Stiftung Verlagsgruppe Handelsblatt Lindauer Zeitung Wilhelm Sander-Stiftung MAN AG Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Bärbel und Prof. Dr. Joachim Milberg National Institutes of Health (NIH)

49 SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME of the 56th Nobel Laureate Meeting

MONDAY, JUNE 26TH TUESDAY, JUNE 27TH

Congress Center Inselhalle Congress Center Inselhalle

09:00 Prof. Richard R. Schrock 09:00 Prof. Theodor W. Hänsch (Chemistry 2005), Cambridge/USA (Physics 2005), Munich/GER “How to Reduce Dinitrogen to Ammonia” “A Passion for Precision”

09:30 Prof. Ryoji Noyori 09:30 Prof. John L. Hall (Chemistry 2001), Wako/JPN (Physics 2005), Boulder/USA “Asymmetric Catalysis” “Increasing the Sensitivity of Laser Spectroscopy” 10:00 Prof. Kurt Wüthrich (Chemistry 2002), Zurich/SUI 10:00 Prof. Roy J. Glauber “Methods Development by Physical (Physics 2005), Cambridge/USA Chemists for Biological and Biomedical “100 Years of Light Quanta” Research”

10:30 BREAK 10:30 BREAK

11:00 Prof. Hartmut Michel 11:00 Prof. Aaron Ciechanover (Chemistry 1988), Frankfurt/GER (Chemistry 2004), Haifa/ISR “Cytochrome c Oxidase and the Major “Why Our Proteins Have to Die so Sodium Ion /Proton Exchanger from We Shall Live” Escherichia coli: A Comparison of Two 11:30 Prof. Peter Agre Proton Translocating Membrane (Chemistry 2003), Baltimore/USA Proteins” “Aquaporin Water Channels - a Cellular 11:30 Prof. Johann Deisenhofer Plumbing System” (Chemistry 1988), Dallas/USA 12:00 Prof. Walter Kohn “Structural Insights into Cholesterol (Chemistry 2002), Santa Barbara/USA Homeostasis” Movie: “The Power of the Sun” 12:00 Prof. Sir John E. Walker (Chemistry 1997), Cambridge/UK “Energy Transduction in Mitochondria”

15:00– Scientiﬁc discussions in groups 15:00– Scientiﬁc discussions in groups 17:00 individual between Nobel Laureates and 17:00 individual between Nobel Laureates students/young researchers in the and students/young researchers in the Inselhalle and Altes Rathaus Inselhalle and Altes Rathaus

50 Scientiﬁc Chairpersons: Prof. Astrid Gräslund, Stockhom Prof. Wolfgang Lubitz, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 28TH THURSDAY, JUNE 29TH

Congress Center Inselhalle Congress Center Inselhalle

09:00 Prof. Roald Hoffmann 09:00 Prof. Richard R. Ernst (Chemistry 1981), Ithaca/USA (Chemistry 1991), Zurich/SUI “Honesty to the Singular Object: Some “Fourier Methods in Spectroscopy. From Reﬂections on the Potential of Ethics Monsieur Fourier to Medical Imaging” Arising out of Science” 09:30 Prof. Erwin Neher 09:30 Prof. Paul J. Crutzen (Physiology or Medicine 1991), (Chemistry 1995), Mainz/GER Göttingen/GER “Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate “Control of Neurotransmitter and in the Anthropocene” Hormone Release by Calcium and Camp”

10:00 Prof. Sherwood F. Rowland 10:00 Prof. Robert Huber (Chemistry 1995), Irvine/USA (Chemistry 1988), Martinsried/GER “Greenhouse Gases and “Structures of Proteins and Innovations Global Climate Change” in Science and Medicine”

10:30 BREAK 10:30 Prof. Jerome Karle (Chemistry 1985), Washington/USA 11:00 Round Table Discussion “Kernel Energy Method Illustrated with “Energy and Global Warming” Peptides” Prof. Paul J. Crutzen (Chemistry 1995) 11:00 BREAK Prof. Roy J. Glauber 11:30 Prof. Rudolph Marcus (Physics 2005) (Chemistry 1992), Pasadena/USA Prof. Roald Hoffmann “Enzymatic Catalysis: Experiments, (Chemistry 1981) Theory and Computations, a Uniﬁed Prof. Rudolph Marcus View” (Chemistry 1992) Prof. Sherwood F. Rowland 12:00 Prof. Robert F. Curl Jr. (Chemistry 1995) (Chemistry 1996), Houston/USA Prof. Sir James Walker “Elemental Carbon Chemistry: (Chemistry 1997) New Materials”

CHAIRPERSONS: 12:30 Prof. William N. Lipscomb

Prof. Astrid Gräslund, Stockholm/SWE (Chemistry 1976), Cambridge/USA Prof. Wolfgang Lubitz, Mülheim/GER “Beneﬁts of Curiosity Driven Research”

15:00– Scientiﬁc discussions in groups 15:00– Scientiﬁc discussions in groups 17:00 individual between Nobel Laureates 17:00 individual between Nobel Laureates and and students/young researchers in the students/young researchers in the Inselhalle and Altes Rathaus Inselhalle and Altes Rathaus

51 COUNCIL FOR THE FOUNDATION LINDAU LINDAU NOBEL NOBELPRIZEWINNERS LAUREATE MEETINGS MEETINGS AT LAKE CONSTANCE

Honorary President Honorary Presidents Prof. Dr. h.c. mult. Count Lennart Bernadotte (†) Prof. Dr. h.c. mult. Count Lennart Bernadotte (†) Prof. Dr. Dr. hc. mult. Roman Herzog, President Former President of the Federal Republic of Germany Countess Sonja Bernadotte

Vice President Chairman Prof. Dr. Franz Knöpﬂe (until autumn 2006) Prof. Dr. h.c. Wolfgang Schürer Vice President Deputy Chairperson Prof. Dr. Jürgen Uhlenbusch Countess Sonja Bernadotte Treasurer Nikolaus Turner Members of the Board Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Werner F. Ebke Members Thomas Ellerbeck Prof. Dr. Werner Arber Nikolaus Turner Countess Bettina Bernadotte Thomas Ellerbeck Members of the Honorary Senate Prof. Dr. Peter Englund Ernesto Bertarelli Prof. Dr. Burkhard Fricke Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Roman Herzog Prof. Dr. Astrid Gräslund Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Joachim Milberg Prof. Dr. Hans Jörnvall Dr. Edmund Stoiber Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Lubitz Erwin Teufel Prof. Dr. h.c. Wolfgang Schürer Dr. Dr. h.c. Daniel Vasella Prof. Dr. Helmut Sies Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker

Senior Research Associate to the Chairman Corresponding Members Dr. Urs V. Arnold Prof. Dr. Lars Bergström Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Werner F. Ebke Personal Assistant to the Chairman Prof. Dr. Martin F. Hellwig Daniela Preisig Prof. Dr. Sten Orrenius Prof. Dr. Dagmar Schipanski

Permanent Guests Petra Meier to Bernd-Seidl Peter Wieser

Representative of the President Dr. Rainer Gerold

Executive Secretariat Margarete Boms Nadine Minkner Christian Rapp Isabella Schielin

52 Although the technique eventually worked, I feel that an effort should be made to provide the Laureates with individual rooms for the afternoon discussions with the students. This would without any doubt greatly support more easy-going personal interactions. Overall, I greatly appreciated the atmosphere of the Lindau Meeting 2006, both for the high level of the scientiﬁc program and the always encouraging and upbeat contacts with the students from around the world. Kurt Wüthrich, Chemistry 2002

53 PRELIMINARY ACCOUNT for the 56th Meeting of Nobel Laureates in Lindau (as per October 31st, 2006)

REVENUES

Description Amount

Donations and funds from the public sector (Bundesministerium für Bil- 535,158.43 € dung und Forschung, Bay. Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Internationale Bodenseekonferenz, Stadt Lindau mit Stadtverkehr Lindau (B) GmbH), from institutions aiding the advancement of science (Deutsche For- schungsgemeinschaft, Jugend forscht, Berg-Stiftung im Stifterverband für die deutsche Wissenschaft, Stifterverband für die deutsche Wissenschaft e.V.), from industry (Boehringer Ingelheim, Deutsche Bank AG, ProLindau Marketing GmbH&Co KG, F S Fehrer GmbH, ZF Friedrichshafen AG, Verband Chemische Industrie, Südkurier GmbH) and charitable or non-proﬁt organisations (Robert Bosch Stiftung gGmbH, Deutsche Telekom Stiftung, Dr. Hans Liebherr-Stiftung, Stiftung van Mee- teren, Eduard Rhein Stiftung, Klaus Tschira Stiftung gGmbH, Wilhelm Sander-Stif- tung, Peter Dornier-Stiftung and Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance with its Principle Patrons (Audi AG, Bertarelli Foundation, Deutsche Bank AG, Ecoscientia Stiftung, EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG, Novartis Inter- national AG, Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, SAP AG, Siemens AG, Südwestmetall Baden- Württemberg, Verband der Bayerischen Chemischen Industrie, Verband der Bayer- ischen Metall- u. Elektroindustrie e.V.) and Patrons (Deutsche Telekom Stiftung, Hansjörg Wyss Medical Foundation, Jungbunzlauer AG, Monika and Wolfgang Schürer, Synthes-Stratec Inc., Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI)).

Participant fees for young scientists taken over by benefactors and 138,332.58 € subsidies or reimbursements of lodging and travel expenses of young researchers (among them Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, Arab Emir- ates, Arizona State University, Carl Zeiss AG, DAAD, Department of Energy, Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, Deutsche Telekom AG, Elitenetzwerk Bayern, European Commission, European Molecular Biology Organization, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Fulbright Commission, Gottlieb Daimler und Karl Benz Stiftung, Helmholtz Gemeinschaft, Human Science Frontier Program, Industrie-Club Düsseldorf, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, Max Planck Gesellschaft, Ms Lorie Karnath, N.N., National Instituts of Health, National Science Foundation, Nobel Foundation Stockholm, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Professor Rhein Stiftung, Schweizerische Studienstiftung, Science Division Tokyo, Siemens AG, Unesco, Ver- band der Chemischen Industrie, VolkswagenStiftung).

TOTAL SUM OF REVENUES 673,491.01 €

Any deﬁcit which may arise upon presentation of all costs as of 31.12.2006 will be balanced by an existing letter of indemnity provided by the Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance.

54 EXPENDITURES

Description Amount

Printing costs and printed materials 24,757.72 € Translation and interpreting costs 9,140.05 € Rent for conference venue 19,349.43 € Participant logistics 6,704.49 € External services 46,433.45 €

PR (including outreach initiatives) 23,565.31 €

Costs of selection process for participants 11,500.00 €

Costs in kind for conference 20,948.80 €

General travel expenses 8,434.05 € Travel expenses for Nobel Laureates 47,864.00 € Travel expenses for participants 82,566.12 € Travel expenses for scientiﬁc chairmen and Council 9,824.41 € General boarding costs 2,043.62 € Boarding costs for Nobel Laureates 14,062.23 € Boarding costs for participants 22,450.80 € Boarding costs for Council 673.52 € General lodging costs 7,608.53 € Lodging costs for Nobel Laureates 25,813.50 € Lodging costs for participants 97,502.44 € Lodging costs for scientiﬁc chairmen and Council 19,027.02 € Expenses for Nobel Laureates 2,682.00 €

Postage 813.39 € Newspapers, books 549.87 € Telephone 8,102.03 € Internet (website and global broadcasting) 62,350.53 € Ofﬁce equipment 12,148.45 € Operating costs (rent, electricity, water etc.) 4,642.10 € Insurances 2,661.31 € Overheads for ﬁnancial transactions 361.96 €

INTERIM TOTAL OF EXPENDITURES 594,761.13 €

Stafﬁng, wages and salaries incl. payroll taxes 74,815.57 € Accounting costs 3,874.23 €

TOTAL SUM OF EXPENDITURES 673,450.93 €

Additional donations in kind and pro-bono services (among them artiﬁcial image, AUDI AG, Big Image Systems GmbH, BrainsToVentures AG | Umantis, Deutsche Lufthansa AG, Deutsche Post AG/ DHL, Druckerei Hermann Brägger, Hewlett Packard, Lennart Bernadotte Stiftung, MAN AG, MS Management Serv- ice AG, PricewaterhouseCoopers AG, Sennheiser electronic GmbH & Co. KG, T-Com, UBS AG).

55 SURVEY PART FOUR Beyond Lindau

Would you be interested in visiting German and European academic institutions and research facilities following your stay in Lindau? Total: 443 [does not apply: 33]

I am highly interested in it: 262

It would be an option for me: 132

I am not interested in it: 16

Would you be interested in receiving more information about the Lindau Meetings’ benefectors and in an interaction with them? Total: 440 [does not apply: 0]

I am highly interested in it: 218

It would be an option for me: 185

I am not interested in it: 37

* The interest in the Lindau Meetings´ benefectors is very high. About 50% of the participating young scientists would like to know more about them or interact with them. This would be an option for another 42%. The benefectors and donors to the 56th Meeting of Nobel Laureates can therefore be sure that their unique effort in supporting the Lindau Dialogue is acknowledged by the scientists of tomorrow, and furthermore, they would like to interact with them and share ideas.

56 YOUNG RESEARCHERS´ STATEMENTS:

“It would a great idea to make a webpage for alumnis, devided into speciﬁc ﬁelds.”

“Since I am a woman I need female role models. I would very much appreciate to also associate with successful female researchers, such as Astrid Gräslund.”

“Despite some of the problems, I do think that the Foundation is on the right track to organizing an international and inﬂuential scientiﬁc meeting for youth.”

“Thanks a lot for the scholarship and everything! The only remark I want to say ist that the band that played on Monday was not so good for young people.”

“It would be very really nice to have access to the slide presentations of the laureates on a website.”

“What about a group picture with laureates and students?”

“I would like to suggest a social program involving sport activities.”

“At the opening ceremony it would be nice to have a short introduction for each speaker. Please restrict/prohibit smoking at conference activities held indoors.”

“Academically, the conference was very inspiring and motivating. However, the social program could be improved. I found it too stiff. Considerung that there are 500 YOUNG researchers the social program could be more ‘lively’ – something like a barbeque could be nice. Or the band at the social get together was way too old-fashioned. Otherwise, I had a great time, thank you.”

57 The students are, of course, young people with a limited exposure to the various facets of chemistry. The talks given on this subject should not be given as if the audience were a group of specialists. Some of the speakers often forget this. Some also present too many details to an audience who may be hearing these topics for the ﬁrst time. The objectives are to entice the students into new areas of science or demonstrate how scientiﬁc problems are solved without overwhelming them by the amount of material that is presented. Jerome Karle, Chemistry 1985

CHEMISTRY, 2006