Chassis Systems Control Driver Assistance Systems — How Much Support Do German Drivers Want?

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Chassis Systems Control Driver assistance systems — How much support do German drivers want? 2 | Chassis Systems Control | Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012

Why do you need driver assistance?

More and more people are spending more and According to estimates from the United Nations more time in their cars. The volume of traffic is (UN), this means that the number of fatalities increasing – and with it the risk of accidents. worldwide will increase by almost 50% to 1.9 million from 2010 to 2020. In order to coun- In industrialized countries, the number of teract this trend, the UN launched the “Decade traffic fatalities has decreased considerably of Action for Road Safety” initiative in 2011, over the last 30 years. Governments and which aims to initially stabilize the number of associations want to continue this trend, fatalities by 2020, and then reduce this figure. and so are supporting the development and provision of systems that improve safety. The European Union also supports this goal. As an example, the European Union agreed However, its focus is not only on avoiding on the introduction of the Electronic Stability fatalities, but also on reducing the number of Program (ESP®), also known as Electronic accidents resulting in serious injuries. This is Stability Control (ESC), as standard from 2014. because, in addition to the approx. 35,000 people who die each year as a result of traffic In contrast to industrialized countries, safety accidents on Europe’s roads, 1.9 million people systems are much less available in the emerging are injured. markets and developing countries. However, the volume of traffic is also increasing in these countries, and so the number of accidents and fatalities is growing rapidly.

Possible potential for reducing the number of fatalities worldwide

2,500,000 Do nothing UN “Decade of Action” 50% fatality reduction target 2,000,000 1,900,000

1,500,000

Global deaths 1,000,000 900,000

Reduction potential: 500,000 5 Mio. fatalities 50 Mio. serious injuries

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012 | Chassis Systems Control | 3

Driver assistance systems can help to achieve Driver assistance systems are valuable compan- these goals. Around 90% of accidents can be ions in everyday driving. From functions that attributed to human error, for example where improve all-round vision (Park Assist) or vision risks are not detected or situations are not at dusk or in the dark (Night Vision, Adaptive judged correctly and the driver reacts too High Beam Control), through to Lane Keeping slowly or incorrectly. One important measure Support, Lane Change Assist, Road Sign Recog- that can be taken to increase traffic safety is nition, Cruise Control and Automatic Emergency therefore to ease the burden on the driver and Braking, these systems all significantly improve help the driver to meet the relevant demands. safety and comfort. The functions cover a wide range of everyday driving situations and support Using knowledge gained from research into the driver effectively in dangerous situations. accidents, Bosch has been developing efficient safety and assistance systems for a number An Automatic Emergency Braking system, for of years. Modern driver assistance systems example, could prevent up to 72% of all rear- keep the surroundings of the vehicle in sight end collisions involving personal injuries in using radar, video or ultrasound sensors and Germany, if all vehicles were equipped with can therefore inform the driver early on or warn such a system. Driver assistance systems of acute dangerous situations. This means that therefore make an important contribution the driver is supported when driving and can to the vision of a world in which, in spite of react quickly and safely — before an accident increasing mobility, all road users can be safe occurs. while motoring. 4 | Chassis Systems Control | Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012

Driver assistance in the market

The equipping of vehicles with safety and con- The first modern driver assistance systems venience systems is continuing apace in Europe. were available at the end of the 1990s in a few Bosch has many years of experience in this top-range vehicles. These systems have now area. Back in 1978, it introduced the first Anti- reached a high level of maturity. In addition, lock Braking System (ABS) to the market. This new and highly developed functions keep being system supports the driver effectively when added, thereby constantly increasing aware- braking. The Electronic Stability Program (ESP®) ness of driver assistance systems. The trend was introduced by Bosch for the first time in towards more comfort and safety and the 1995 and forms the basis for many of today’s increased awareness through performance and assistance functions, as it can actively brake benefit eventually aroused the desire to have the vehicle. Both systems therefore make a such functions available in the lower vehicle major contribution to improving safety on the segments as well. roads.

Antilock Braking Traction Control Parking Aid Adaptive System (ABS) System (TCS) Cruise Control

1978 1980 1986 1989 1993 1995 2000 2010

Electronic Automatic Airbag Navigation Stability Emergency control systems Program (ESP®) Braking Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012 | Chassis Systems Control | 5

Driver assistance systems have arrived in the mass market. The majority of vehicle manufacturers offer selected functions, depending on the model, as options or even as standard, also in the smaller classes. Thanks to increasing sales quantities, this democratization of the systems enables interesting safety packages and affordable prices to be offered to drivers of small and medium-class cars too. Ultimately, due to the increasing rate at which driver assistance systems are being installed, traffic safety levels are also expected to increase.

In addition to the consumers themselves, consumer protection organizations have also recognized the benefits of driver assistance systems. For this reason, from 2013, these systems will also be included in the test cata- log of the consumer protection organization Euro NCAP (European New Car Assessment Program), which is used to test and evaluate the safety of a new car using a 5-star rating system. In future, vehicle manufacturers will only be able to receive the full number of Euro NCAP stars and therefore the quality seal for the highest level of safety for their new cars if they offer a minimum level of driver assistance systems as standard. 6 | Chassis Systems Control | Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012

Research and study design

Bosch has carried out a representative study The vehicle segments selected for the study, into buyers of new cars in Germany, France comprising the small, compact and medium and Italy in order to obtain current information class, as well as mini and compact vans, give about everyday driving, the level of awareness an insight into the part of the market in which and the importance of modern driver assis- driver assistance systems are not yet as widely tance systems and to gain a first insight into used. However, they make up the majority of the attitude toward automated driving. The new registrations each year. The people sur- study was carried out in the period from June veyed were those who made the decisions to October 2012 and includes the results from when buying the new car and whose vehicles 2,261 online questionnaires and 120 individual were no more than three years old. in-depth interviews. The results from Germany are shown on the following pages. Here, the above-mentioned segments make up almost 75% of the new vehicle registrations each year.

Profile of the German respondents and their vehicles

Gender 65.5% male, 34.5% female Age 76% over 40 years old Frequency of vehicle use > 90% of those surveyed use their vehicle every day or several times a week Mileage Majority between 10,000 and 40,000 km per annum (6,000 to 25,000 miles per annum) Year of manufacture of the 2009 to 2012 new vehicle Vehicle segments Small, compact and medium class cars, as well as mini and compact vans Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012 | Chassis Systems Control | 7

Attitude towards driving — Drivers enjoy driving and are observant

Over 70% of the German new car buyers said This self-assessment gives a picture of relaxed, that they enjoy driving and can also manage always oberservant and only little stressed car to drive an unfamiliar vehicle without any prob- drivers who can manage hire cars, for example, lems. Only a very small proportion (8%) say without any major problems. However, this self- they are easily distracted and around 16% find assessment contradicts information on the ac- driving stressful. This positive attitude to driv- cidents that occur, as driver fault is the cause ing is particularly common among drivers of of more than 90% of accidents on Germany’s medium-class vehicles. In comparison to the roads. other four segments, these drivers enjoy driving the most (79%) and find it the easiest to drive an unfamiliar vehicle (82%). Responses from mini van drivers, on the other hand, indicate that they are the least distracted (5%).

To what extent do you agree with the following statements?

I find it easy to drive an unfamiliar vehicle. 36 37

I really enjoy driving. 34 38

Driving can also cause me stress. 13 3

Driving is a necessary evil for me. 10 5

I am easily distracted when driving. 6 2

Applies Applies completely 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 8 | Chassis Systems Control | Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012

Relaxed on the road? Far from it! Everyday situations are stressful

In spite of a positive general attitude to driving It is interesting to note that the stress in these itself, lots of situations arise on the road every situations increases when the vehicle class is day that cause stress for the driver. At almost smaller. The biggest difference is with braking 50%, Germans consider sudden braking ma maneuvers and when passing through highway neuvers to be the most stressful, followed by construction sites: In the former, 57% of drivers passing through narrow highway construction of small vehicles but only 32% of drivers of sites (42%) and slow stop-and-go traffic (41%). medium-class vehicles say that they find this Looking for somewhere to park and evasive stressful or very stressful. It is similar with maneuvers are also everyday events that cause stress levels at highway construction sites, stress and reduce driving pleasure for more where there are still 16 percentage points be- than 35%. tween small vehicles (46%) and the medium class (30%).

How stressful do you find the following situations when driving?

33 13 Sudden braking maneuvers 32 Medium class 57 Small vehicles

30 12 Passing through narrow construction sites on the highway 30 Medium class 46 Small vehicles

27 14 Slow driving in a traffic jam (stop-and-go traffic) 39 Medium class 45 Small vehicles

27 11 Looking for somewhere to park 35 Medium class 38 Small vehicles

28 8 Evasive maneuvers 27 Medium class 42 Small vehicles

Stressful Very stressful 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Stressful/Very stressful Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012 | Chassis Systems Control | 9

Everyday driving — Critical driving situations are not unknown

Alongside stress in everyday driving, critical The results show that, in spite of the positive driving experiences also do not appear to be general attitude to driving and in spite of driv- a rare occurrence: Around two thirds of the ers’ confidence in their own capabilities, there respondents said that they had to perform an are often or even regularly situations in which emergency stop once or more than once during the respondents feel they are stressed or too the last 12 months due to an unexpected much is expected of them. In this regard, what obstruction. This means that the critical do Germans think of driver assistance systems experience of an emergency stop is one that that can support and relieve the burden on occurs by far the most frequently and is drivers? therefore very much on car drivers’ minds.

But changing lanes with the risk that you may overlook vehicles in other lanes due to the blind spot has also been experienced by almost half of the respondents once or more than once over the last year. Likewise, one third of the respondents was once or more than once unsure during this period as to what would have been the better alternative reaction in a critical driving situation: take evasive action or brake. A difficult decision for normal drivers, and one that can cost valuable time in a critical situation.

Have you been in one of the following situations in the last 12 months?

Emergency stop due to an unexpected obstruction 34 31

Overlooking a car coming from behind 34 13 when changing lane (blind spot)

Unsure in a critical situation as to whether it would 23 12 be better to brake or perform an evasive maneuver

Once More than once 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10 | Chassis Systems Control | Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012

Have you already heard of it? High level of awareness of driver assistance

Driver assistance is not a foreign word for Ger- number of vehicles. For example, almost all mans. This is the case for drivers of different drivers are familiar with Cruise Control and vehicle classes, for men and women as well as ESP® and often have these systems installed in for all ages. All the systems specified are known their own vehicles. In contrast, a lot of people by a large majority of at least 78%. The survey are already familiar with Driver Drowsiness showed that, in comparison with the latest Detection or Road Sign Recognition, for exam- assistance systems, drivers are more aware of ple, but only a small number of Germans have the systems that have been on the market for these systems fitted in their own car. longer, and these systems are fitted in a larger

Does your car have one of the following driver assistance systems, or are you are aware of it?

Cruise Control 53 43

Parking Aid (warning signal) 51 45

Automatic windscreen wiper with rain sensor 55 39

Electronic Stability Program (ESP®) 81 12 Automatic lights 54 38 (lights on/off automatically) Distance warning system 18 74

Park Assist (steers into a parking space) 9 83

(Adaptive) bend lighting 28 61

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC, distronic…) 8 80

Lane Keeping Support 12 76

Tire Pressure Monitoring System 27 58 Emergency Braking Assist with Driver Warning 16 67 and Brake Support Lane Change Assist/Blind Spot Detection 11 72

(Adaptive) High Beam Control 18 64

Driver Drowsiness Detection 4 75

Hill Hold Control 25 54

Road Sign Recognition 5 73

I have it 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% I do not have it, but I am aware of it Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012 | Chassis Systems Control | 11

Positive image — Driver assistance increases safety and comfort

A high level of awareness is also shown in The fast drivers in particular seemed more the features attributed to driver assistance willing to allow themselves to be assisted here, systems, which is a pleasing result. After a brief compared with those who stated that they tend presentation of the systems, almost 75% said to drive slowly. While 71% of fast drivers that they increase the safety of the vehicle, with agreed that driver assistance increases safety, over 60% saying that driver assistance systems only 61% of slow drivers said this. The same increase driving comfort and relax the driver. applies for comfort (62% vs. 48%). Only 18% evaluated driver assistance as “nice to have” Driver assistance systems can offer more com- equipment in the car, which you could manage fort and safety when performing simple driving without. tasks as well. Almost half of the respondents agreed that these systems can take over driving for the driver, for example when in a traffic jam on the highway.

To what extent do you agree with the following statements? A driver assistance system...

... can increase the safety in the car. 40 33

… increases driving comfort and 39 22 relaxes the driver.

... can take over simple driving tasks for me, 31 14 such as driving in a traffic jam on the highway.

... leads to you forgetting how to drive and no longer 26 18 reacting correctly in difficult situations.

... is just unnecessary technology 11 7 that you do not need.

Agree Completely agree 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 12 | Chassis Systems Control | Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012

Helpful in your everyday life? Great interest in many different functions

The level of awareness and the positive general In contrast, age, driving style and user behavior attitude to driver assistance systems is also appeared to have a greater influence on the reflected in the interest shown in the functions level of interest. While Traffic Jam Assist was of presented in the study: All the functions pre- less interest for those over 60 years old (49%), sented were of interest for at least 40% and it is a different picture for those under 30 years up to almost 80% of Germans. The greatest old. The function generated great interest in interest was generated by Blind Spot Detection this age range with 75%. It is a similar situation and the range of emergency braking functions, with Lane Keeping Support, which is more pop- followed by Rear Cross Traffic Alert and Evasive ular among people who drive on highways than Steering Support. This interest was distributed among those who mainly drive in town (67% vs. equally amongst small, compact, medium-class 56%). The same applies for ACC Stop & Go, car and van drivers, as well as amongst men with 72% of drivers who mainly drive on high- and women. ways and 63% of drivers who tend to drive more in town showing an interest in the function. Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012 | Chassis Systems Control | 13

In general, the respondents are fairly reluctant when asked to reach deeper into their wallets for the functions. However, if they had to pay an additional cost, then the respondents showed the greatest willingness to pay for the ACC range, for Evasive Steering Support and for emergency braking functions.

In which of the following 15 systems are you personally interested?

Blind Spot Detection 67 12 Automatic Emergency Braking 59 20 (> 50 km/h [31 mph])

Automatic Emergency Braking pedestrian 62 17 Automatic Emergency Braking 60 14 (< 50 km/h [31 mph])

Rear Cross Traffic Alert 60 11

Evasive Steering Support 51 16

ACC 54 11

High Beam Control 57 7

ACC Stop & Go 52 12

Lane Keeping Support 57 5

Traffic Jam Assist 46 12

Parking Maneuver Assist 43 14 Road Sign Recognition with 43 7 speed control Construction Zone Assist 44 4

Intersection Assist (turning left) 38 2

Yes, I am interested, at no extra cost 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Yes, I am interested, at an extra cost All the function descriptions can be found on pages 16 to 19. 14 | Chassis Systems Control | Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012

Spoilt for choice — The most important functions for German drivers

If those surveyed now have to make a concrete with the critical driving situations experienced decision about the most important of all the over the last 12 months and hence appear to functions that are of interest to them, then the best meet the needs of German drivers. There following picture emerges: With 12.4%, emer- are no major differences to be found in the gency braking for the protection of pedestrians ranking according to vehicle class or age, is the most important function to respondents gender, driving style or user behavior. This can in comparison with all the others. This is fol- be explained by the fact that the German small lowed by Automatic Emergency Braking at high- to medium-class car drivers travel about the er speeds, the assistant for the detection of ve- same amount on highways, regional roads and hicles in the blind spot, Evasive Steering in town, and therefore experience the same Support and Automatic Emergency Braking at everyday situations in road traffic. lower speeds. These statements correlate well

Which of the following systems is the most important to you?

Automatic Emergency Braking pedestrian 12.4

Automatic Emergency Braking . 11.9 (> 50 km/h [31 mph]) Blind Spot Detection 10.8

Evasive Steering Support 8.4 Automatic Emergency Braking 7.9 (< 50 km/h [31 mph]) ACC 7.8

ACC Stop & Go 7.5

Lane Keeping Support 5.5

Rear Cross Traffic Alert 5.4

Traffic Jam Assist 5.1

High Beam Control 4.5

Parking Maneuver Assist 3.8

Construction Zone Assist 3.2 Road Sign Recognition with 3.2 speed control Intersection Assist (turning left) 2.7

Method: MaxDiff 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% All the function descriptions can be found on pages 16 to 19. Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012 | Chassis Systems Control | 15

The way ahead — Automated driving

The outlook for automated driving reveals a These views do not differ according to the promising picture. Only 14% of the respondents different segments or gender. The only differ- believe that it is not feasible from a technical ence is in the case of age. More than half of point of view. According to more than half of those under 30 years old agree that automated the respondents, driver assistance systems are driving is the future — while amongst the over building a bridge to the future of automated 60 year olds, only 40% are of this opinion. driving. 48% even believe that automated driving will be the way we drive cars in the future. 40% of the Germans are already of the opinion that driving will become safer as a result of automated driving.

In spite of all this, it is important to more than 50% of the respondents that they continue to operate the car themselves and that the automatic system can be deactivated at any time.

To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Automated driving…

… is a logical further development 37 19 of driver assistance systems.

… is good, 28 24 if I am able to turn it off at any time.

... is the way we will drive cars in the future. 29 19

... makes driving safer. 25 15

… is not for me; 11 18 I would never drive a car like that.

… is something I can only imagine on highways. 20 9

… is not possible from a technical point of view. 9 5

Agree Completely agree 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 16 | Chassis Systems Control | Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012

Overview — Driver assistance systems

On the following pages you will find information about the functions presented in the study.

Road Sign Recognition with speed control This system shows you the applicable permitted speed and overtaking restrictions in the display. If you are driving too fast, your vehicle will be braked according to the tolerances you have specified. You can switch the system off at any time.

Lane Keeping Support If you should be distracted or are not concentrating and would leave the lane unintentionally, the system can keep you steady in the lane by means of gentle steering interventions. You can switch the system off at any time.

Construction Zone Assist This system guides you through construction sites and narrow roads. It warns you before traveling through narrow points, for example, before you overtake in a critical situation in the construction site area. Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012 | Chassis Systems Control | 17

Blind Spot Detection The system looks to the side and behind when driving. If there is a vehicle in the blind spot, a lamp lights up on the exterior rear-view mirror, for example.

Evasive Steering Support If, when a rear-end collision is likely to occur, even applying the brakes fully will no longer be able to prevent an accident, then this system comes into play. It independently checks the available space in the lane to the left and/or to the right and automatically steers your vehicle into the lane that is free.

Rear Cross Traffic Alert This system monitors the road to the right and left for you when reversing out of a parking space. If there is likely to be a collision with an approaching vehicle, you will be warned and your vehicle will be braked.

High Beam Control This system detects oncoming traffic and vehicles ahead and automatically switches from high beam to low beam. Once the road is empty again, high beam is switched back on. 18 | Chassis Systems Control | Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012

Overview — Driver assistance systems

Automatic Emergency Braking at low speeds At low speeds, for example when in town, the system can prevent rear-end collisions by means of automatic braking.

Automatic Emergency Braking at higher speeds If you should be distracted at a speed above 50 km/h (31 mph) and there is the possibil- ity of a rear-end collision with a vehicle, the system gives you an early warning. If you then do not brake sufficiently, the system provides the missing brake pressure. If you do not react at all, the system brakes automatically.

Automatic Emergency Braking for pedestrians If a pedestrian should run out in front of your car unexpectedly and you do not react, the system will warn you and assist you when braking. If you react too late, the system will try to avoid the collision or reduce the severity of the accident by means of automatic emergency braking.

Parking Maneuver Assist The system detects available parking spaces of a suitable size (lengthwise, cross- wise, diagonal). It automatically parks the vehicle in the parking space, following driver approval, using independent braking and steering. This system also works in a garage or on your parking space at home.

Bosch study on driver assistance systems 2012 | Chassis Systems Control | 19

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) You set your desired speed and your vehicle follows the car in front with automatic accelerating and braking. In so doing, it maintains the safety distance set by you.

ACC Stop & Go In traffic congestion, your car brakes to a standstill and then drives off again automatically. You set the permitted speed and your vehicle follows the car in front with automatic accelerating and braking.

Traffic Jam Assist at up to 60 km/h (37 mph) In a traffic jam or in traffic congestion below 60 km/h, you can hand over braking, accelerating and steering to the system. Once the congestion eases and the traffic starts moving again, the system hands back to you. You can override or switch off the system at any time.

Intersection Assist The system assists you when turning left. It continuously monitors the oncoming traffic and warns you of any impending collisions. If you do not react in time, the system can avoid an accident by means of automatic braking. Robert Bosch GmbH Chassis Systems Control

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