Chassis Systems Control Solutions for Increased Safety, Comfort and Agility 2

Chassis Systems Control Solutions for increased safety, comfort and agility 2 | Chassis Systems Control

Innovations from Bosch have shaped the automobile as we know it today and will continue to do so in the future – a future in which sustainable and low-emission mobility is more important than ever. Although the combustion engine is likely to continue to dominate the industry for many years to come, alternative technologies, such as hybrid and electric drives, are gaining in importance. Regardless what technology powers the vehicles of the future, it must ensure a safe, relaxed and comfortable driving experience. This is another major area of innovation for Bosch. In line with the slogan “Invented for life”, Bosch will continue to supply systems that make personal mobility safer, cleaner and more economical. | 3

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4 Safe and comfortable driving 6 Active safety systems 12 Passive safety systems 18 Driver assistance systems 30 Perspectives of connected mobility 4 | Chassis Systems Control

Our contribution toward greater safety and comfort in road traffic

Our products have been helping to reduce accidents and the risk of injury for many decades. However, we want to take the already high safety standards to the next level, which is why we are focusing our efforts on the development and intelligent networking of safety and assistance systems. | 5

We aim to implement new functions If we are to reduce the number of analyze international traffic and acci- to reduce the number of accidents, accidents by a significant amount, dent data to help us calculate the improve the protection available to available safety systems need to be benefits of new functions before they vehicle occupants, pedestrians and included in as many vehicle classes are incorporated in vehicles. By other road users, increase comfort, as possible. We not only support tech- carefully evaluating this information, and improve driving dynamics. Our nological innovation, but also the it is possible to reconstruct the technology will be utilized to reduce development of safety systems that cause and sequence of an accident. the severity of accidents in the mid- can be made available to everyone. This means that new systems can term. Our long-term objective is to see We are continually enhancing systems be developed or existing systems the implementation of technology that have already proven successful. optimized to combat potential acci- that reduces accidents caused by Take ESP®, for example, which now dent risks, thus considerably improv- driver error. costs just 25 percent of a first-gener ing road safety. ation system. Thanks to technical innovations, our components and sys- Assistance systems, which aid the tems are also becoming smaller and driver, and safety systems, which lighter, while at the same time more help to prevent accidents or lessen powerful. As a result, we are also help- the severity of accidents in critical ing to reduce the weight of vehicles situations, can significantly reduce and therefore lower fuel consumption the number of injuries and fatalities and vehicle emissions. as a result of road traffic accidents, consequently reducing the financial Bosch accident research for burden. It is our aim to develop cost- increased safety effective solutions for the functions An important starting point for the with the greatest expected benefit development of safety systems and and to put them into mass produc- functions at Bosch is our central tion. accident research center. Here, we 6 | Chassis Systems Control | Active safety systems

Active safety systems help to prevent accidents

Active safety systems contribute toward road safety by providing safe, quick and reliable braking actions. As soon as a critical driving condi- tion is detected using data sent by sensors, the active safety systems pinpoint the vehicle dynamics to guide them and restore the stability of the vehicle. Active safety systems | 7

Active safety systems:  Brake booster  Master cylinder  iBooster  Antilock braking system  Traction control system  Electronic stability program*

* Electronic stability program (ESP®) is also known as electronic stability control (ESC) 8 | Chassis Systems Control | Active safety systems

Active safety systems enable safe and reliable braking

The braking system is one of the most important pieces of safety equipment in a vehicle. The components in the braking system convert the brake force applied by the driver into the required braking effect in an optimal way, ensuring the vehicle is decele r ated safely and comfortably. Active safety systems | 9

Regenerative braking systems increase the range of electric vehicles and lower the consumption of hybrid vehicles.

Bosch offers products that generate Brake boosters: less effort for brake fluid into the braking circuits and distribute brake pressure, includ- a more comfortable pedal feel and controlling this process. The ing brake boosters and master cylin- Vacuum brake boosters amplify the latest generation of Bosch master ders. What’s more, we are also one of power exerted by the driver’s foot cylinders is approximately 30 % Europe’s largest suppliers of brake when depressing the brake. Amplify- shorter and around 20 % lighter than disks. ing this power reduces the amount conventional master cylinders. of force that needs to be applied by These reductions mean that the To make cars more environmentally the driver. Bosch offers scalable master cylinder not only saves friendly and efficient, we are working solutions for brake boosters in single on space, but also helps save fuel on new braking concepts for current and tandem designs. These solutions thanks to its low weight. and future drive systems. For hybrid not only cover requirements demand- and electric vehicles, we are devel- ed by braking performance and the iBooster: dynamics and safety – oping regenerative braking systems that space available in the vehicle – they not just the domain of electric and take the energy generated during also deliver a pedal feel that can be hybrid vehicles braking and reuse the stored energy adapted to be in tune with the vehi In contrast to conventional combus to its maximum possible effect. By cle’s characteristics, thus enhancing tion engines, electric motors do not using alternative materials, we can the comfort. produce a vacuum; however, one is reduce the weight of the brake sys- needed for a vacuum brake booster. tem and brake disks, thereby enhanc- In vehicles equipped with antilock The electromechanical iBooster ing the driving dynamics and cutting braking systems, the mechanical works independently from external

CO2 emissions. brake assist supports drivers when vacuum generators and is therefore they need to apply the full brakes, ideal for electric and hybrid vehicles. suddenly. The iBooster offers great pressure build-up dynamics, a high degree of Master cylinders: saving space and pressure control accuracy and is enhancing safety extremely quiet. When combined with Master cylinders convert the pressure driver assistance systems, the applied by the driver’s foot and iBooster is the solution to meet the amplified by the brake booster into demands required for braking hydraulic pressure. The cylinder dynamics, safety and comfort. converts this pressure by feeding 10 | Chassis Systems Control | Active safety systems

Active safety systems stabilize the vehicle in critical situations

Bosch’s market launch of the antilock braking system (ABS) for cars in 1978 represented a milestone in the development of active safety systems. The technology was groundbreaking and paved the way for all modern brake control systems. The function of ABS has been enhanced over the years: in 1986 the traction control system (TCS) was added and in 1995 the electronic stability program (ESP®). Once again, these systems were innovations from Bosch.

Bosch has been producing antilock braking systems for motor- cycles since 1995. The launch of motorcycle stability control (MSC) in 2013 marked an important milestone on the road to improve driving safety for two-wheelers. For the first time, this brake control system is able to provide the best possible stability in all driving situations. MSC supports the rider during braking and accelerating, while driving in a straight line, and while riding in a curve. Active safety systems | 11

The electronic stability program from Bosch counteracts skidding.

Antilock braking system (ABS): Traction control system (TCS): Value-added functions expand the braking without wheel lockup acceleration without wheel spinning potential of ESP® In critical driving situations, such The traction control system extends ESP® also features value-added func- as on wet or slippery surfaces, the the ABS functions. When setting off tions that further increase driving wheels may lock during braking. and accelerating, TCS prevents the safety and comfort. These include, for The vehicle can no longer be steered drive wheels from spinning by acting example, hill hold control, which and can become unstable. ABS on the engine and, if necessary, by makes it easier to start on an incline, detects the tendency of one or more braking the spinning wheel. In this or load adaptive control, which wheels to lock at an early stage way, the system enables optimum ac- adapts the ESP® interventions and and adjusts the brake pressure acceleration, even in adverse driving the ABS and TCS function to the cordingly. This enables the driver conditions, such as slippery or wet vehicle load in light commercial vehi- to steer around obstacles even during roads. It improves traction and in- cles. full braking, and to slow down or creases vehicle safety by preventing stop the vehicle quickly and safely. unstable driving conditions. When using a towing vehicle and trailer, trailer sway mitigation uses ESP® Particularly in the case of motor Electronic stability program (ESP®): sensors to detect if the trailer is sway- cycles, locked wheels can cause dan- prevents skidding ing from side to side. It then brakes gerous instability. Motorcycle ABS The electronic stability program (ESP®) the towing vehicle using specific inter helps the rider to brake safely, there- incorporates the functions of ABS ventions to mitigate this motion. by reducing the risk of falling. and TCS. In addition, it detects the onset of a skidding risk at an early stage and counteracts it through targeted braking and engine control interventions.

According to international research, ESP® can prevent up to 80 % of all skid-related accidents. It is the most important life saver after seatbelts. 12 | Chassis Systems Control | Passive safety systems

Passive safety systems limit the severity of accidents

When a crash cannot be prevented, safety systems, such as airbags and seatbelts, offer the best possible protection for vehicle occupants. They keep the accelerations and forces acting on occupants in the event of an accident as low as possible, thereby reducing the severity of injuries. Passive safety systems also reduce the risk of injury for pedestrians and cyclists in the event of a vehicle collision. Passive safety systems | 13

Passive safety systems:  Occupant protection  Pedestrian protection  Electronic pedestrian protection  Early pole crash detection  Advanced rollover sensing  Secondary collision mitigation 14 | Chassis Systems Control | Passive safety systems

Passive safety systems protect vehicle occupants and pedestrians

As early as 1980, Bosch became the world’s first provider to launch a central sensing electronic occupant protection system for airbag deployment. In the 1990s, this system was expanded to include side impact detection. In 1988, Bosch was the first provider to launch an electronic rollover detection system for convertibles. This technology has now also found its way into hardtop vehicles. Passive safety systems | 15

In the event of a collision, the electronic pedestrian protection system offers pedestrians a more effective crumple zone, thereby reducing the risk of injury.

Occupant protection Pedestrian protection Electronic pedestrian protection: The occupant protection system from Pedestrians and cyclists are particu- an electronic guardian angel for Bosch consists of peripheral acceler larly at risk in traffic, a fact reflected pedestrians ation and pressure sensors and an in the high proportion of road deaths Bosch’s electronic system for active intelligent centerpiece – the airbag among these groups. In order to re- impact protection for pedestrians control unit. Based on the sensor sig- duce this figure, legislation for pedes- is a safe and cost-effective solution, nals, it detects the strength and di- trian protection is planned or already which fulfils the legal requirements rection of a collision and can activate in force in some countries. The aim is for pedestrian protection on vehicles. the restraint mechanisms in the vehi- to provide a crumple zone to absorb The system consists of peripheral cle, for example, seat-belt preten- some of the impact in the event of a sensors in the front part of the vehi- sioners and airbags, as required for collision with a pedestrian, so as to cle and the airbag control unit, maximum occupant protection. This minimize the risk of injury. which triggers actuators that can, optimizes the protection of vehicle oc- for example, lift the engine hood cupants against injuries in front, side In order to ensure that collisions with within a fraction of a second. This and rear-end collisions, as well as if pedestrians are not even a possibility, allows for the pedestrian to impact the vehicle rolls over. we work with video-based, predictive against a more effective crumple systems with pedestrian detection and zone, thereby minimizing the risk automatic emergency braking. These of injury. systems can help prevent collisions with pedestrians or reduce the vehicle speed as much as possible prior to impact, thereby reducing the risk of serious injury. 16 | Chassis Systems Control | Passive safety systems

Passive safety systems detect imminent accidents earlier

Networking the airbag control unit to the electronic stability program (ESP®) and/or the surround sensors creates new functions that can detect an imminent accident at an earlier stage. As a result, the time required to trigger the restraint systems can be reduced by milliseconds. Protection of vehicle occupants can therefore be optimized – even before the collision occurs. Passive safety systems | 17

The advanced rollover sensing function can detect the risk even before the vehicle rolls over and is therefore able to trigger the occupant protection systems earlier.

Early pole crash detection: improves Advanced rollover sensing: pro- Secondary collision mitigation: side impact protection tects in the event of vehicle rollover decelerating the vehicle after initial Side crashes expose the occupants Many crashes resulting in passenger collision to the highest risk of injury, particu- fatalities involve the vehicle rolling In the case of accidents, secondary larly when crashing with a tree or over. collisions can often occur after the pole. In this case, it is vital to detect initial collision because the driver has the crash as quickly as possible and The advanced rollover sensing func- lost control of the vehicle. This en- to deploy the side airbags. tion not only uses data provided by dangers both the vehicle occupants the rollover sensor in the airbag control and other road users. The early pole crash detection function unit, but also data from ESP®. By uses sensor signals from ESP® to de- analyzing vehicle movements, the airbag The secondary collision mitigation tect critical lateral motion of the vehi- control unit can recognize critical function is specifically designed for cle and to prepare the airbag control driving situations before a rollover such accidents. In the event of a unit for possible side impact. begins. This allows the function to collision, the airbag control unit for- Should this actually occur, the side trigger the antiroll bar, seatbelt pre- wards this information to the ESP® and head airbags can be triggered tensioners or side and head airbags control unit. ESP® slows down the earlier than previously possible, there- valuable fractions of a second earlier. vehicle through targeted interven- by significantly improving their tion in the brakes or engine, bringing protective function. it to a standstill when required. This can help to avoid or reduce the severity of subsequent collisions. 18 | Chassis Systems Control | Driver assistance systems

Driver assistance systems enable safe, relaxed driving

Driver assistance systems record the vehicle’s surroundings using sensors, such as radar, video and ultrasound, and interpret the information. They enhance driving comfort by taking over monotonous and tedious driving tasks from drivers. Additionally, these systems increase comfort and road safety by supporting drivers in complex or critical situations requiring quick and safe action.

Todayʼs and future driver assistance systems combine information from different sensors in the vehicle. By intelligently fusing data from the incoming sensor information, the benefits of various sensor prin ciples are used to optimum effect. This fusion yields more detailed information about the vehicle’s surroundings than would be possible with individual sensors. Driver assistance systems | 19

Driver assistance systems:  Adaptive cruise control  Road sign assistant  Driver drowsiness detection  Rear cross traffic alert  Parking aid  Parking assistant  Automatic park assist  Near-range camera  Valet parking  Intelligent headlight control  Lane departure warning  Lane keeping support  Lane change assist  Predictive emergency braking system 20 | Chassis Systems Control | Driver assistance systems

Driver assistance systems increase driving comfort

Driving long distances, driving in heavy traffic or maintaining a Adaptive cruise control (ACC): safe distance to the preceding vehicle requires a high level of adapts the speed in line with the flow of traffic concentration and can be tiring over prolonged periods of time. ACC, the adaptive distance and speed Driver assistance systems support drivers with these tasks, control system, actively assists the thereby enhancing comfort and safety when driving. driver in keeping a safe distance from the vehicle in front.

While driving, ACC maintains the speed set by the driver and can automatically adapt this speed to changing traffic by throttling back, braking or accelerating. The ACC Stop & Go version can bring the vehicle to a standstill and will resume automatically when instructed by the driver.

Road sign assistant: can display road signs in the vehicle dashboard When the system detects relevant road signs with the help of a video camera, it displays them on the dashboard display.

Additionally, the display can implement warning functions, for situations such as exceeding the speed limit, attempting to pass another Driver assistance systems | 21

Backing out of a parking space without a clear line of vision is not only stressful, but dangerous. Rear cross traffic alert technology eliminates driver stress by detecting traffic that crosses the vehicle’s path and signaling a warning to the driver if a dangerous situation may occur.

vehicle where there are restrictions, and/or audible signal that he/she is Traffic jam assist: can guide the ve- and when driving through a stop sign tiring and risks nodding off at the hicle automatically in traffic jams or no entry sign. The road sign assis- wheel. Traffic jam assist helps drivers arrive tant works alongside the vehicles nav- more relaxed at their destination, igation system to accurately deter- When using this system in conjunc- even in dense traffic or in traffic jams. mine if the recognized road sign is tion with a navigation system, the The partially automated system al- relevant to the driver. nearest location can be displayed lows the vehicle to brake, acceler- where the driver can take a break, ate, and stay within its lane automati- Driver drowsiness detection: can such as a parking area or roadside cally. The system requires the driver detect the onset of drowsiness stop. to be ready to take back control of Monotonous driving, for example, on the vehicle at any time. In the future, the freeway, is tiring and can quickly Rear cross traffic alert: warning traffic jam assist will be able to func- lead to a drop in concentration. Based of vehicles crossing when backing tion at higher speeds and in more on steering-angle data, the driver out of a parking space complex driving situations, including drowsiness detection function contin- Backing out of a parking space at right automatically changing lanes. Sys- uously analyzes the driver’s steering angles to the traffic can sometimes tems such as traffic jam assist are behavior to identify phases during be a challenge – especially if the driver paving the way, step by step, to fully which the driver does not steer for cannot see the crossing vehicles be- automated driving. a brief moment but then suddenly cor- hind his or her own vehicle. Rear cross rects – often a sign of failing concen- traffic alert makes backing out of park- tration and the onset of tiredness. ing spaces set perpendicular to the The function combines the frequency road easier. If vehicles crossing to the and strength of these reactions with left or right behind the driver’s vehi- other data such as vehicle speed, cle are detected, the function issues time of day and use of blinking pat- an audible and/or visual warning to terns to calculate a tiredness index. alert the driver of any impending risk If this index exceeds a predefined of collision. value, the driver is warned by a visual 22 | Chassis Systems Control | Driver assistance systems

Driver assistance systems enable convenient and safe parking and maneuvers

For many drivers, parking is stressful. There is often restricted Parking aid: can warn of surround- vision inside the vehicle, little room to maneuver, tight spaces, ing obstacles while parking Using ultrasonic sensors integrated in- and frantic traffic conditions making parking not only a difficult, to the vehicle’s bumper, the system but dangerous task. Park assist systems relieve driver stress by monitors the area immediately ahead determining the maneuvers needed in order to park safely and of and/or behind the vehicle, and rec- comfortably. ognizes obstacles in real time. If an object is detected, the system sends a signal to the driver indicating the As technology advances, vehicles will be able to park without driver distance of that object. supervision. Parking assistant: guides the vehicle into a suitable space An ultrasonic sensor integrated into the side of the front bumper scans the side of the road to detect a suitable parallel or perpendicular space. Once a parking space is detected, the system alerts the driver. If the driver activates the assistant, the system calculates the best possible path into the space as well as the necessary steering maneuver. Once complete, the parking assistant takes control by allowing the driver to let go of the steering wheel and only control the parking maneuver by accelerating and braking. Driver assistance systems | 23

The automatic parking assistant technology enables automatic parking for pulling into and out of a selected parking space. The driver has the option to remain inside the vehicle as it parts or observe outside the vehicle by remote control.

The assistant also helps with pulling roundings. The parking maneuver on- when the steering wheel must be out of the parking space. Parking as- ly continues as long as the driver turned. sistant technology takes control of all presses the button on the remote key. steering maneuvers in order to direct Valet parking: the vehicle navigates the car into a position from which the Near-range camera: a new perspec- automatically to the desired parking driver can safely pull out of the tive on parking and maneuvering space space. Modern vehicles often offer the driver In the future, “valet parking” solutions only a limited view of the car’s sur- will completely relieve drivers of the Automatic park assist: can automati- roundings. Increasingly smaller side search for parking spaces and the tasks cally move the vehicle into and out and rear windows, combined with of parking and pulling out. The vehi- of parking spaces a vehicle shape that is strongly influ- cle will receive information on any free The system enables automatic parking enced by aerodynamics and pedestri- parking spaces as it approaches a for pulling into and out of selected an protection, is making safe and pre- parking garage. Once a parking space parking spaces. Drivers have the op- cise maneuvering extremely difficult. is determined, the driver is able to tion to remain in the car or get out A near-range camera located in the stop the car at the entrance and get ahead of time while the vehicle parks back of the vehicle assists drivers out. After the function has been acti- itself. Even spaces so tight that the reversing by displaying the image on- vated, the vehicle will drive itself to car doors will barely open will soon to the vehicles dashboard. The camera the designated parking space, and be no hindrance. In this case, drivers in the vehicle’s rear is automatically when requested by the driver, also can get out of their car, in front of the activated when reverse gear is en- drive itself back out to a designated selected space, and start the parking gaged and allows the driver to deter- pick-up spot. maneuver remotely, by pressing a mine in real time whether the path is button on their car key or smartphone. clear. Optionally, the vehicle’s path The vehicle then parks and pulls itself can be shown dynamically on the out of the space on its own, without camera image with the help of color- the need for anyone at the wheel. ed lines. These display the vehicle’s The driver remains responsible at all trajectory according to the current times for monitoring the vehicle’s sur- steering wheel angle and indicate 24 | Chassis Systems Control | Driver assistance systems

Driver assistance systems improve vision in the dark

A camera-based headlight controller increases the driver’s field Intelligent headlight control: of vision without blinding other road users. The improved vision ensures optimum illumination of the road makes driving at night much safer and more comfortable. The intelligent headlight control uses a video camera to measure the ambi- ent brightness and to estimate the distance from vehicles in front and oncoming traffic. This data is used to implement a variety of light functions.

The low beam activation function can automatically activate or deactivate the vehicle’s low beam lights in accor dance with the current lighting con ditions. High beam control improves driver visibility at night by automatically controlling the on/off function of the vehicle high beams through traffic detection. Driver assistance systems | 25

Intelligent headlight control ensures optimum illumination of the road at all times without distracting other road users.

Using video data, the range of the low With continuous high beam control, the beam or high beam lights can also driver can leave the high beam on con- be automatically adjusted. The adap- tinuously without disturbing other vehi- tive low beam control function can cles. It uses headlights that are swivel- constantly adapt the level of the low mounted horizontally and vertically or beam lights to the contours of the full LED headlights in which the entire road. Particularly in the case of inclines light distribution is controlled in seg- or bumpy road surfaces, this ensures ments so that road users who could that the road remains well illuminated potentially be distracted are not ex- without blinding other drivers. posed to the light cone while the re- mainder of the area can be optimally The adaptive high beam control not illuminated by the high beam. The light only controls the range or segmenta- distribution from the high beams re- tion of the light, but also the width main virtually unchanged for opposing of the beam according to traffic con- vehicles, while the drivers visual range ditions. This can illuminate curves in is considerably increased. advance or a wider light cone, which can effectively illuminate the edges of the road in urban areas, ultimately helping the driver to spot any potentially vulnerable pedestrians. 26 | Chassis Systems Control | Driver assistance systems

Driver assistance systems help drivers stay in and change lanes

Even just a momentary lapse in concentration can cause the driver to unintentionally stray from the lane. During overtaking maneuvers and lane changes, vehicles in the driver’s blind spot are an especially high-risk factor – even if the driver checks his side mirror. Driver assistance systems | 27

Lane change assist warns drivers if there are vehicles in an area critical to changing lanes.

Lane departure warning: warns Lane keeping support: actively Lane change assist: warning of unintentional straying from the assists the driver to remain in the against impending collisions when marked lane marked lane changing lane The lane departure warning function The lane keeping support function Lane change assist can prevent criti- uses a video camera to detect lane also uses a camera to detect lane cal situations from occurring when markings ahead of the vehicle and to markings in front of the vehicle. When changing lanes, thereby reducing the monitor the vehicle’s position within the system detects that the vehicle risk of accidents. The system works the lane. When the system detects is not maintaining a minimum distance by using radar sensors that monitor that the vehicle is about to leave its from the lane marking, the system the areas next to and diagonally be- lane unintentionally, it warns the driv- gently but noticeably countersteers hind the vehicle. When the lane change er by means of an audible, visual and/ to keep the vehicle in the lane. The assist system detects vehicles in or tactile signal, for example, through driver is always responsible for the the driver’s blind spot or approaching a vibration in the steering wheel. control of the vehicle and can over- rapidly from the rear, it gives the These warnings alert the driver that ride the countersteering at any time. driver a visual warning, for example, the vehicle is drifting off course, al- When the driver activates the turn an illuminated symbol in the area of lowing him/her to countersteer accord- signal before a lane change, the func- the side mirrors. When the driver ac- ingly. When the driver activates the tion does not intervene. tivates the turn signal to indicate a turn signal before a lane change, the lane change, the system can also give function does not issue a warning. an audible and/or tactile warning to make the driver aware of potential hazards. 28 | Chassis Systems Control | Driver assistance systems

Driver assistance systems assist the driver in the event of impending rear-end collisions

Collisions are typically the result of a moment’s inattention or the mis- Predictive emergency braking system judgment of a critical situation: fumbling for something in the glove In critical situations, seconds are critical in determining whether a compartment or having an animated discussion with a passenger is collision is avoidable. The predic- often enough to distract the driver briefly from what is happening on tive emergency braking system is the road ahead. based on the networking of surround sensors with the electronic stability program (ESP®) and supports the driver in avoiding an impending collision with a vehicle or any potentially vulnerable road users or, at minimum, reducing the consequences of the accident. Driver assistance systems | 29

A predictive emergency braking system helps to significantly reduce the risk and consequences of collisions with vehicles or other potentially vulnerable road users.

At speeds above 30 km/h (18 mph) not braking hard enough, it increases braking system for a potential emer- If the predictive emergency braking the braking pressure to the required gency braking procedure. If the system detects that the distance to level so that the driver can attempt driver fails to react to the dangerous a relevant obstacle is becoming crit- to bring the vehicle to a standstill situation, the system can automati- ically close at a vehicle speed over before a collision occurs. cally trigger full braking to prevent a 30 km/h (18 mph), it prepares the collision. If the rear-end collision is braking system for a potential emer- Should the driver fail to react at all to unavoidable, this action can at least gency braking procedure. If the the immediate risk of collision and the minimize the severity of the colli- driver fails to react to the critical situ- system assesses the collision to be sion, reducing the risk of injury to ation, the system warns the driver unavoidable, it initiates full braking in everyone involved. by means of a visual and/or audible order to mitigate the consequences signal followed by a brief but clearly of the crash. Protecting potentially vulnerable perceptible brake jerk. road users At speeds below 30 km/h (18 mph) Consumer protection organizations Following the collision warning, the Many rear-end collisions occur at such as the NCAP (New Car Assess- emergency braking system can initiate speeds below 30 km/h (18 mph), ment Program) take accident-preven- partial braking in the detected rear- such as while driving in city centers tion systems into account in their end collision situation. This interven- or in slow-moving traffic. Fortunately, vehicle assessments, making these tion decelerates the vehicle and gives the consequences of such crashes organizations an important driving the driver more time to react. are usually limited to bodywork dam- force behind greater road safety. As age, but in some cases, expensive of 2016, comprehensive, predictive As soon as the driver presses the brake repairs still may be required. pedestrian protection is a prerequisite pedal, the system provides braking for being awarded Euro NCAP’s high- support. To do this, the system contin- If the predictive emergency braking est score of five stars. uously calculates the degree of vehi- system detects that the distance to cle deceleration needed to avoid the a relevant obstacle is becoming criti- collision. When the emergency brak- cally close at a vehicle speed under ing system detects that the driver is 30 km/h (18 mph), it prepares the 30 | Chassis Systems Control

Perspectives of automated, connected mobility

Vehicles will be facing major changes in coming years. Partially automated systems, which take control of driving tasks, are already available (e.g. traffic jam assist). In the future, even more powerful systems will provide drivers with ever greater support, paving the way, step by step, to fully automated driving. | 31

Being able to reliably locate the topography. The “connected vehicle” vehicle based on digital maps and makes it possible to provide drivers precise GPS tracking data is a key with enhanced or new services that requirement to achieving this state. represent a direct added value. The second prerequisite is the inter action of different sensors, such as Experts today agree on one thing: radar, ultrasound and camera, in connecting vehicles to each other order to detect all vehicles and ob- and to the transport infrastructure jects in the immediate vicinity. will be the driving force to boosting Another essential feature is connect- road safety and traffic efficiency ing the vehicle to the outside world – over the coming years. the surroundings, transport infrastructure and internet. By having For all the potential there is in such this connection, future vehicles will applications, it is also still important be able to communicate with traffic to sustainably change the driver’s lights and interact with other vehi- workplace. Convenient human-machine cles, thereby allowing drivers to get interfaces (HMI) that can be intui up-to-date information about traffic tively operated make it possible to conditions, such as road works, clearly structure and manage the or the end of a traffic jam behind a widely diverse range of information bend. Drivers can also receive ad- available. They take the stress and vanced warning of critical weather strain off the driver in accepting and situations, such as fog or black ice. using many different types of information by providing easy-to-use head New traffic services and systems pro- units and display systems, which vide a precise preview of the current are operated using natural gestures traffic situation, accurate information and voice control without distracting on the course of the road and route drivers. Robert Bosch GmbH Chassis Systems Control

Postfach 13 55 74003 Heilbronn Germany www.bosch-mobility-solutions.com www.bosch-motorcycle.com

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Road traffic crashes take the lives of nearly 1.3 million people every year, and injure millions more. The goal of the Decade of Action for Road Safety is to stabilize and reduce the number of lives lost by 2020, ensuring that the vision of a world in which mobility is safe for all who use the world’s roads becomes a reality. www.decadeofaction.org

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