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DRIVE PILOT: an Automated Driving System for the Highway Introducing DRIVE PILOT: an Automated Driving System for the Highway Table of Contents

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DRIVE PILOT: an Automated Driving System for the Highway Introducing DRIVE PILOT: an Automated Driving System for the Highway Table of Contents Introducing DRIVE PILOT: An Automated Driving System for the Highway Introducing DRIVE PILOT: An Automated Driving System for the Highway Table of Contents Introduction 4 Validation Methods 36 Our Vision for Automated Driving 5 Integrated Verification Testing 36 The Safety Heritage of Mercedes-Benz 6 Field Operation Testing 38 Levels of Driving Automation 8 Validation of Environmental Perception and Positioning 40 On the Road to Automated Driving: Virtual On-Road Testing 42 Intelligent World Drive on Five Continents 12 Validation of Driver Interaction 44 Final Customer-Oriented On-Road Validation 44 Functional Description of DRIVE PILOT 14 How does DRIVE PILOT work? 16 Security, Data Policy and Legal Framework 46 Vehicle Cybersecurity 46 General Design Rules of DRIVE PILOT 18 Heritage, Cooperation, Continuous Improvement 47 Operational Design Domain 18 Data Recording 48 Object and Event Detection and Response 20 Federal, State and Local Laws and Regulations 49 Human Machine Interface 23 Consumer Education and Training 50 Fallback and Minimal Risk Condition 25 Conclusion 52 Safety Design Rules 26 Safety Process 28 Crashworthiness 30 During a Crash 32 After a Crash 35 Introduction Ever since Carl Benz invented the automobile in 1886, Mercedes-Benz vehicles proudly bearing the three-pointed star have been setting standards in vehicle safety. Daimler AG, the manufacturer of all Mercedes-Benz vehicles, continues to refine and advance the field of safety in road traffic through the groundbreaking Mercedes-Benz “Intelligent Drive” assistance systems, which are increasingly connected as they set new milestones on the road to fully automated driving. 4 Introduction Our Vision for Automated Driving Mercedes-Benz envisions a future with fewer traffic accidents, less stress, and greater enjoyment and productivity for road travelers. We are working to achieve this vision through automation, electrification and connectivity. Automation is one of the biggest drivers of change in the transportation sector today – with the potential to make mobility safer for all, while reducing traffic congestion. Thanks to automated driving, a vehicle can also be a private retreat that enables us to use at least some of our time on the move as we wish. Introduction 5 The Safety Heritage PRE-SAFE® PLUS of Mercedes-Benz Collision Prevention Assist DISTRONIC PLUS with Steering Assist and Stop & Go function ATTENTION ASSIST Active Brake Assist standard with pedestrian protection Active Lane Keeping Assist Active Brake Assist Active Blind Spot Assist with cross-traffic function with congestion emergency braking function Blind Spot Assist Evasive Steering Assist Mercedes-Benz can proudly point to decades of Active Lane Change Assist PRE-SAFE® Brake innovation in automotive safety systems, many of which Active Emergency Stop Assist are now standard equipment on vehicles across the ABS Brake Assist System BAS PLUS Active Speed Limit Assist industry. The figure below shows the timeline of safety Car-to-X Communication systems introduced on Mercedes-Benz vehicles. It ranges from the introduction of the Crumple Zone in Intelligent Light System Rear Cross-Traffic Assist 1959 to current systems that can reduce the risk of Route based speed adjustment ® DISTRONIC inner ear injuries: The PRE-SAFE Sound feature emits Vehicle exit warning function a short interference signal via the sound system in the Brake Assist System vehicle when there is a risk of collision. This can condi- Active Stop-and-Go Assist tion the passengers’ hearing by triggering a reflex in ASR Turning maneuver function the ears, and thus lessen the risk of hearing discomfort ESP End of traffic jam function or damage. ACTIVE SAFETY FUTURE PASSIVE SAFETY 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2016 2018 2020 2030 Safety steering column Active PRE-SAFE Impulse Side Bonnet PRE-SAFE Sound Airbag Sidebag PRE-SAFE Impulse Crumple Zone Belt Tensioner Beltbag PRE-SAFE Active Buckle Lifter Automatic Rollover Bar NECK-PRO Head Restraint 6 Introduction PRE-SAFE® PLUS Collision Prevention Assist DISTRONIC PLUS with Steering Assist and Stop & Go function ATTENTION ASSIST Active Brake Assist standard with pedestrian protection Active Lane Keeping Assist Active Brake Assist Active Blind Spot Assist with cross-traffic function with congestion emergency braking function Blind Spot Assist Evasive Steering Assist Active Lane Change Assist PRE-SAFE® Brake Active Emergency Stop Assist ABS Brake Assist System BAS PLUS Active Speed Limit Assist Car-to-X Communication Intelligent Light System Rear Cross-Traffic Assist DISTRONIC Route based speed adjustment Vehicle exit warning function Brake Assist System Active Stop-and-Go Assist ASR Turning maneuver function ESP End of traffic jam function ACTIVE SAFETY FUTURE PASSIVE SAFETY 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2016 2018 2020 2030 Safety steering column Active PRE-SAFE Impulse Side Bonnet PRE-SAFE Sound Airbag Sidebag PRE-SAFE Impulse Crumple Zone Belt Tensioner Beltbag PRE-SAFE Active Buckle Lifter Automatic Rollover Bar NECK-PRO Head Restraint Introduction 7 Levels of Driving Automation In order to better understand the capabilities of the In addition to offering a wide range of Level 0 warning We also offer a Level 1 steering assistance feature next generation of Mercedes-Benz automated driving and active safety features (many of them are standard called Active Steering Assist that, when engaged, will technologies, it’s helpful to begin with an explanation equipment on Mercedes-Benz vehicles), as of the publica- help the driver maintain the vehicle’s position within of the differences in the Levels of Driving Automation. tion of this document in February, 2019, Mercedes-Benz its lane of travel. However, similar to the Active Distance vehicles offer Level 1 and Level 2 driving automation Assist DISTRONIC feature, Active Steering Assist is SAE International (SAE) is a technical standards devel- features. These assistance features support the driver’s not able to handle all traffic situations and thus requires opment organization that leverages the professional operation of the vehicle but do not replace him or her. an alert and engaged human driver to supervise the expertise of its engineering members in the automotive We offer, for example, a Level 1 adaptive cruise control feature’s performance and to steer as needed to main- industry to develop consensus-based Standards, Re- feature called Active Distance Assist DISTRONIC. tain safe operation of the vehicle. Active Steering commended Practices, and Information Reports. Among It automatically maintains desired following distance to Assist can only be activated in conjunction with Active the many technical documents published by SAE is one a vehicle ahead in the same lane. While engaged, Active Distance Assist DISTRONIC. When both of these describing six levels of driving automation (Levels 0 – 5)1, Distance Assist DISTRONIC will automatically brake and Level 1 driving automation features are active they consti- along with supporting terms and definitions. This tax- accelerate the vehicle under normal operating condi- tute a Level 2 driver support feature. This Level 2 onomy classifies driving automation system features (or tions. However, it is not able to handle all traffic situations, feature automates braking, accelerating, and steering vehicles, in some cases) in terms of the degree to and thus requires an alert and attentive human driver under normal conditions, while still requiring an alert which they replace human operation of vehicles in traffic. to supervise the feature’s performance and to brake or and attentive human driver to supervise the vehicle’s accelerate if needed, as well as to steer the vehicle. performance in real time – to manually steer, brake, The chart on the following page from SAE describes those and/or accelerate as needed to maintain safe operation. six Levels in simplified terms to assist non-automotive Mercedes-Benz also offers a Level 2 Active Parking engineers in understanding how driving automation fea- Assist feature that will automatically park the vehicle tures (or vehicles designed to be operated exclusively while the driver supervises the parking maneuver. by an Automated Driving System rather than a human driver) are classified within the Levels. 1J3016 – Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles (June 2018) 8 Introduction SAE J3016TM LEVELS OF DRIVING AUTOMATION LEVEL 0 LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4 LEVEL 5 What does the You are driving whenever these driver support features You are not driving when these automated driving human in the are engaged – even if your feet are off the pedals and features are engaged – even if you are seated in driver’s seat you are not steering “the driver’s seat” have to do? You must constantly supervise these support When the feature These automated driving features features; you must steer, brake or accelerate requests, will not require you to take as needed to maintain safety over driving you must drive These are driver support features These are automated driving features What do these These features These features These features These features can drive the vehicle This feature features do? are limited provide steering provide steering under limited conditions and will can drive the to providing OR brake/ AND brake/ not operate unless all required vehicle under warnings and acceleration acceleration conditions are met all conditions momentary support to support to assistance the driver the
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