GLOSSARY1

Alamamy (Futa Toro & Mauritania from Arabic Imam)—Imam, religious and elected leader; title used by leaders of the Marabout class Alfa (alfaa jo, Peul)—title given to the literate, hence scholar Balaal (coulée de banco, Fr.)—a technique in mud construction that does not use bricks Bambara (Mande)—or Bambaranke, pl. wabambarankoBe—Bambara Baraka—from Arabic: blessing Borom—master; god Bourou (Made-Diula)—large hut where prayers and reunions take place (e.g. in Kong, Marrabasou and Kokosou)2 Bour (Wolof)—king, leader or sometimes village chief Ceddo/ Tieddo/Tyeddo (Wolof)—slaves of the crown recruited by the Damel as soldiers; by extension it means animist Ceerno pl. ceernaajo (Fulfulde)—title given to those who have received a good religious education in the Senegalese Fouta. When they teach, it becomes their title ‘master’. In Wolof and Sereer it is seriñ Dammel (Wolof)—king; specifically king of Cayor Fajar (from Arabic fajr)—dawn prayer Geye (gewe)—fifth prayer Ibadou (Wolof/Ar. ‘slave’)—The local adaptation of the term is used to denote those who wear the headscarf or a beard and do not follow a marabout Jakhat—The use of the word can also be used to mean mixing of the two sexes—in the context of the mosque, the space in is often

1 Unless otherwise indicated, words in Wolof and their definitions are either taken or adapted from J.L. Diouf’s Dictionnaire Wolof, Paris: Karthala, 2003. While many are used in the text, I have added some related terms in other languages. 2 See Le Capitaine Binger Du Niger au Golfe de Guinée par le pays de Kong et le Mossi, 1887–1889, p. 298. 372 glossary

too crammed and therefore women risk mixing with the men. < jakhase–mixed; mixed up; jakhasoo—mix with Jakka—(Wolof) lit. to face East; small mosque for five daily prayers; ~ Ibadou: an Ibadou mosque. From the verb, jakk: to look face-to- face; n. jakka w—cane. Jakkalaarlu—to face a direction; syn. Sappe b—row of people gathered to pray: ‘Dafarleen sappe yi’: align your- selves correctly! Jama/jumaa (Wolof from Arab. ‘jami’a’)—Friday or congregational mosque Jàngu b—church; v. to wash one’s feet and arms Jànj b—termite mound Jàpp (Wolof)—to make ablutions Julli (Wolof)—to pray following a ritual also n. prayer; jullit—to be pious; Muslim. Derives from the Peul juldo, ‘man of prayer’ Jullit j (from Pulaar juldo, ‘man of prayer’)—Muslim Jigeen j (Wolof)—woman; jakka ~ : women’s mosque Karamoko (Made)—lit. ‘educated man’ Karamokhoddin—(Mande) students Khaburu—from Ar. ‘tomb’ Khalifa—from Ar. ‘Calif’ used for the leader of a tariqa Keur—houses surrounded by a mud enclosure; house and by exten- sion family, hence naka sa wa keur-ga? How is your house/family? Korité < kori—10th month of the Muslim calendar; celebration of the end of the month of Ramadan. Derives from the Tokolor radical kor (from Diouldé-korba) fast, gives Wolof ‘Id ul-Fitr. The Foula have a similar name diouldé-soumaya which includes the Arabic term som, fast3 Magal < vb. To enlarge, glorify Marabout (French)—Muslim religious teacher Missidi/misida, pl. missidaji (Pulaar)—small mosque (derived from the Arabic masjid) Misiriba (Mande-Diula)—Great mosque Mousso (Mande/Bambara)—woman; mousso-missiri—women’s mosque Muru (vb)—to cover; white shawl worn by women for funerals, mourning and going to the mosque

3 Gouilly, A. 1952: 198.