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Sufism I Sverige Sufism i Sverige – En lägesrapport från Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö och Stockholm, Göteborg från – En lägesrapport Sverige i Sufism Sufism i Sverige – En lägesrapport från Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö Simon Sorgenfrei Sufism brukar beskrivas som den gren av islam som lägger särskild ton- vikt vid själslivet och strävan att genom andliga övningar nå upplevelser Sufism i Sverige av gudsnärvaro. Sufier har vanligen organiserat sig i ordnar som finns spridda över nästan hela världen – och sträcker mer än tusen år tillbaka – En lägesrapport från Stockholm, i tiden. Göteborg och Malmö I Sufism i Sverige – En lägesrapport från Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö ges för första gången en mer övergripande presentation av hur sufism organiseras och praktiseras i Sverige. Publikationen är framtagen av Simon Sorgenfrei, lektor vid Södertörns högskola. Simon Sorgenfrei Simon Box 14038 • 167 14 Bromma • www.sst.a.se SST:s skriftserie ISBN: 978-91-983453-0-8 Nr 6 Nämnden för statligt stöd till trossamfund Nämnden för statligt stöd till trossamfund (SST) är en statlig nämnd- myndighet. Syftet med det statliga stödet är att det ska bidra till att tros- samfunden (vid sidan av Svenska kyrkan, som får stöd av staten på annat sätt) kan bedriva aktiv och långsiktigt inriktad religiös verksamhet. SST:s uppdrag är att • Förmedla statsbidrag • Ge allmänt stöd till trossamfund • Samordna samfundens roll i krisberedskapssamordning • Vara ett dialogforum kring bland annat värderingar, respekt och tolerans • Vara ett expertorgan åt regeringen när det gäller allmänna trossamfunds- och religionsfrågor och projekt. – 1 – SST:s skriftserie: Nr 1 Klas Borell: ”Islamofobiska fördomar och hatbrott: En kunskapsöversikt” 2012 Nr 2 Trudy Fredriksson: ”Uppvaknandets vägar, från buddhistisk historia till nutidens utövning och gemenskapsliv” 2013 Nr 3 Göran Larsson och David Thurfj ll: ”Shiamuslimer i Sverige — en översikt” 2013 Nr 4 Göran Larsson: ”Islam och muslimer i Sverige - en kunskapsöversikt” 2014 Nr 5 Thomas Arentzen: ”Ortodoxa och österländska kyrkor i Sverige” 2015 – 2 – Sufism i Sverige – En lägesrapport från Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö Simon Sorgenfrei Nämnden för statligt stöd till trossamfund, Stockholm 2016 – 3 – Simon Sorgenfrei Sufism i Sverige – En lägesrapport från Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö SST:s skriftserie, nr 6 Nämnden för statligt stöd till trossamfund Box 14038, 167 14 Bromma Tel 08-453 68 70, fax 08-453 68 29 [email protected], www.sst.a.se Form: Helena Wikström, HewiDesign – www.hewistuff.se Tryck: DanagårdLitho , 2016 ISBN: 978-91-983453-0-8 – 4 – n Innehåll Förord ..........................................................................................................................................7 Inledning ........................................................................................................................................8 1. Metodologiska avvägningar...............................................................................................9 Hur avgränsas sufism i rapporten? ......................................................................................9 Metod och frågeställningar.................................................................................................12 Termer och transkription....................................................................................................14 2. Historisk bakgrund ...............................................................................................................15 Vad är sufism?.......................................................................................................................15 Ordensväsende..................................................................................................................16 Figur 1. Framträdande sufiordnar................................................................................18 Relationen lärare – elev....................................................................................................19 Praktiker............................................................................................................................19 Sufisk fi osofi och poesi .......................................................................................................20 Sufismens senare historia....................................................................................................21 Sufism i svensk historia .......................................................................................................22 Sufisk litteratur på svenska..................................................................................................23 Senare översättningar av sufisk litteratur.......................................................................26 Svensk forskning om sufism .............................................................................................27 3. Sufigrupper i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö .............................................................29 Figur 2. Sufigrupper i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö ............................................. 29 Chishtiyya ............................................................................................................................30 Darqawiyya...........................................................................................................................37 Mevleviyya ............................................................................................................................39 Mouridiyya ............................................................................................................................40 MTo Shahmaghsoudi.........................................................................................................45 Naqshbandiyya.....................................................................................................................47 Qadiriyya ...............................................................................................................................50 Rifa’iyya .................................................................................................................................55 Shadhiliyya............................................................................................................................58 Tijaniyya................................................................................................................................60 – 5 – 4. Tendenser och teman ............................................................................................................65 Hur många sufier finns det i Sverige? ................................................................................65 När etablerade sig grupperna i Sverige? ............................................................................66 Från ad hoc-grupper till starka organisationer ................................................................67 Genus .....................................................................................................................................69 Etnicitet .................................................................................................................................70 Vad gör man inom grupperna? ..........................................................................................71 Relationer mellan sufi-grupperna ......................................................................................73 Religiös orientering ..............................................................................................................73 Relationer till andra muslimska grupper ..........................................................................75 5. Avslutande ord .......................................................................................................................79 6. Referenser ...............................................................................................................................81 Appendix ......................................................................................................................................89 Frågeformulär .......................................................................................................................89 O rdlista ..................................................................................................................................91 Bildregister: Sid. 35: Foto: Max Dahlstrand Sid. 42: Foto: Abdou Diagne Sid. 64-65: Foto: Max Dahlstrand Sid. 66: Foto: Abdou Diagne Sid. 67: Foto: Simon Sorgenfrei Sid. 67: Foto: xamxamle.com Sid. 68: Foto: Simon Sorgenfrei Sid. 69: Foto: Amer El-Jechi Sid. 70: Foto: Max Stockman Sid. 71: Foto: Max Dahlstrand Sid. 74: Foto: Ebrima John Sid. 75: Foto: Ebrima John – 6 – n Förord I detta korta förord vill jag passa på att tacka några av de personer som bidragit till att föreliggande text blivit möjlig. Först och främst vill jag ut- trycka min uppskattning till Andreas Ali Jonasson och Atilla Pişkin Drug- ge – som båda var mastersstudenter i religionsvetenskap vid Södertörns högskola under arbetet med rapporten – som assisterat mig. Arbetet hade varit mycket svårare, och framför allt mycket tråkigare, att genomföra utan er hjälp. Jag vill också speciellt tacka Göran Larsson, professor i reli- gionsvetenskap vid Göteborgs universitet, som läst och kommenterat un- der arbetets gång. Det har som alltid varit värdefullt att få bolla texter och idéer med dig. Max Stockman, handläggare på SST, har varit
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