The Ltbrary of al-ía1rtIíálid al-Sahnzirt al-NaqSbandi(d. r z4zf t8 27) A facsimileof the inventory of his hbrary (MS ,Maktabat al-Asad, No. zr9) Presentedfu Frederickde Jong dz Jan Jast Vitkamr

l. INrnopucrroN ever, this would mean that the daftar was completed two days after the session.In this caseit could have 'l-Qa'da On 14 pu 1242 (9 June 1827),the great beencompiled to serve.in conjunction with the legali- Naqóbandria-r.'& 5álid al-Sahrazfiridied of the plague zed copy of the minutes. as a deed of ownership. in Damascusr.He left behind his own branch of the However. the fact that the minutes explicitly refer to Naqibandiyya2,knou'n as the Kálidi1'1'a.r'uhich had the contentsof the dtítur (seee.g. line l2 of the text of ftalíJasall over the Ottoman Empire and be1'ond3. Íhe rrnl.ttlur:,,, k ttrrtttrtttth rrt h i-lu19ld uI - da.í tar . . .) exclu- Shortly before his death. {.álid designatedas his desthis possibilitl: obriouslr the ddiur was presented successorhis faltf'u. Ismá'rl al-Ináránra.Ismá'rl. riho in court. had been acceptedby' all of Kálid's l5ult/usas their Another explanation for the seemingly reversed supreme nturiicl. also died of the plague two weeks chronology of the dates could be that the text prece- after Kálid. In his turn. Ismá'rl had designated ding the inventory was added, on a spacewhich had 'Abd Muhammad b. Alláh al-{ánr as his successor. especiallybeen left blank for the purpose, after the Thereafter, rivalry and conflict between the kaltfas, court session.Here the contentsof the documentswill many of whom had not acceptedIsmá'Il's preference have been known to all partiesanyway. The introduc- 'iddat for al-Kánis, resultedin the disruption of the organiza- tory nature of the text (cf. ba1'an al-kutub al- tion of the {.álidiyya. Eventually, the order broke up ntawguda...) suggests.however, that it was conceived into relativelyisolated clustersó. to be an integral part of the tlaltar from the beginning. In addition to the problem of safeguarding the Also the positionof the sealssuggests that the text of continuity of his tartqa. al-iayf {.álid left posterity the da./'turrvas completed and that the seals were with a problem concerning the 1egal status of his stamped acrossthe written pagesbefore the minutes books. As appearsfrom MS Maktabat al-Asad (Dár were added: seals blur the text of the da/'tar in a al-Kutub al-Tahiriyya)No.2591, Kálid made a family number of cases.while the minutes seemto have been w'aqf of all the books in his possessionin the year written carefully around the seals. Thus, since the 1240i1824-5.The w,aqf'deed, however, had never been introductory text cannot have been added after the registeredin court but had survivedonly, by reasonof court session,and since the daftar cannot have been its being written on the fly-leaf of one of his books, compiled to serveas a deedof ownership,it seemsonly al-Qamusal-Muhrts. The text of the wac1fit'1'aprece- possibleto explain the dating of the legalizedcopy of ding the inventory of Kálid's library was copied on the minutes as a scribalerror. Monday, 7 Óumádà II1270 (7 March 1854).Wac1fiy1,a and inventory were copied by the same copyist. This inventory, which is the core of the manuscript under 2. Tup. Weqnvv.e, discussion,is followed by the minutes (mahdar) of a court sessionwhich was to settle the dispute between As mentioned in the w'aqfivya,al-íayf; Kálid himself Kálid's descendantsover the statusof the books. had written the deed on the fly-leaf of al-Qamus al- The contents of the texts suggestthat the v,aqfiyya Muftl The text of the v'aqf deed,transcribed at the was copied and the inventory made primarily to be beginningof the inventory of the library, is also repro- 'Abd usedin this court session.If the dating of the minutes duced in al-Magid al-KánT's al-Hadà'iq al- (5 Óumádá II 1270/ 5 March 1854)is correct, how- Wardiyl,a, where it is precededby an account by which

Manuscripts ofthe Middle East 2 (19U7) i Ter Lugt Press.Donkersteeg 19,2312 HA Leiden. Netherlands.1987 ISSN09:0-0401 THE LIBRARYOF AL-SAYKKÁLID AL-NAQSBANDÍ 69

judge. who {álid made it known to his l5ahfasand disciplesthat The text of the deed was presentedto the he had made all his books v'aqf .The wac1fiyyastipula- requested that two persons testify that the books testhat: concerned were v,aqf in accordance with the stipula- le l. the tav'liya and the nazar of rhe w'aqf are to be tions of the waqif mentioned . Al-íayf; Muhammad 'Abdalláh held by eldestsons, and by their sons thereaf- Efendi b. al-S.ánial-Naq5bandr and al-bAgs S.álid's 'Abd terlo: {.idr Efendi b. al-Kanm Efendr al-Kurdr al- 2. in the caseof thesesons and their children being Naq5bandi2otestified that they had known the u'aqif' dead (or indisposed), ï"hetav'lit-a and nazariltya will be and the books, and that the books were the waclfof al- held, in order of precedence.by Ismá'íl al-Ináránr, iayf {àlid on the strength of what was stipulated in 'Abd Muhammad al-Násih, al-Fattáh, and Ismá'ri the waqf deed. The muftt and the court clerk, Alrmad Efendi al-Gaznl t '. Nlri al-Qal'r, attested to the honourable record of 3. when one of the sons losesthe tawli-vaof the',raql'. both witnesses(ta:Ëi-la), and the testimony of both 21. but later qualifiesfor this function again, ï.hetavliva disciplesof al-iayft ISálid was accepted will be restoredto him and will not remain with one of This led the judge to declare Íhe w'aqf legally valid the personsmentioned above; and the contentsof the w'aqf'deedas legallybinding, as 4. in the absenceof sons, the tawliya and nazar wlll claimed by the defendant.He prohibited the plaintiff be held by one of S.álid'sclosest relatives. one after the and the other descendantsol al-íavfr (álid to obstruct other. provided that he has knowledgeand piety; the defendant. 5. thereafter[i.e. in the absenceof qualified persons Thereupon.the plaintiff claimedthat the tlaql'was in the aforementionedcategories]. the most pious. not le-eal11'binding. sincethere was no original deed, righteousand knowledgeablemember of the NaqSban- the tucll had not been registered.and no judge had diyya {álidiyya will assumeÍhe tutrlivtt and nu:urí)'.tct: passedrerdict concerningits legal ralidity when the 6. thereafter.another pious member of the Naqíban- rrriq/- u as established22. diyya, or of any of the other tartqosof the saints,may Eventually. after consultation.the judge gave as hold theseoffices; verdict that the n'aqf'wasvalid and legally binding in 7. all books are made waqf in accordancewith the accordancewith the opinions of the Imáms Abu Y[suf nta/hab of al-Imám al-Sáfi'T12; and Mulrammad,23that it had to be honoured,and 8. no badal is allowed. not even of the smallest that it would be registered2a.Finally, he prohibited the tract1 3. plaintiff to obstruct the defendantin (the management o0 the vaqf2s.

3. Tur couRl pRocEEDt\(;sA\t) THEvERDIcr '1. Tllr I\\ EvroR\ .\\D ITS CoNTENTS 'Alï The court waspresided over by' Ridá. the Chief Judge (qadt ctl-qutlclt)ol Damascus.while the mtítí of The inventoryis describedbi' Muhammad Riyád al- Damascusta.Muhammad Táhir Efendïls, was also Máiih in his catalogueof the S[Íi manuscriptsin the present.The dispute involved two femaledescendants Táhiriyya Library (Dár al-Kutub al-7áhiriyya) in of al-íayft Kálid: al-say.vidaKadïfá Hánim binÍ al- DamascusT.It seemsthat the entire holdings of this ia-r( Yrlsuf Efendi al-Kurdr al-NaqSbandiand al-halfia library were recentlyincorporated into a larger organi- 'Abdalláh ÀftaU bint r6. The plaintiff, ctl-sa1'fida zaÍion,namely the Assad National Library (Maktabat {adr!a, was representedby al-.íarli Yahyá b. Asad al-Asad,P.O.Box 3639. Damascus). so calledafter the Alláh al-Harráti. The legal representativeof the defen- Presidentof the SyrianArab Republic.In this library 'Umar dant, at-haggaÁftab. was Efendi b. Y[suf al- the MS has retainedits original number. 259. The Kurdrl?. Legal representationof both women was presentstud-v and facsimileedition were made on the certifiedby the judge. in accordancewith the testimony basisof a microfilm presentedby the Assad National concerningthe proper legalstatus of the representation Library to the Library of the University of Leiden in 'Abd in the case of each representativegiven by al- the courseof October 1985,through the servicesof the 'Abd Qàdir b. Sams al-Drn al-Kurdr and Dá'[d b. Dutch embassy in Damascus2ó.According to the Alláh al-Kurdï. 7áhiriyya Library catalogue,the original MS measures Al-sayyída [adi[a claimed that the books of al-íay-ft 40 x 14 cm to the page.The facsimileis thereforenot Kálid had beenthe property of his deceasedson Na[m given in actual size,but somewhatreduced. It contains al-Drn Efendtr8, who had been her legal representa- 14 numberedfolios; of these/. la is the title-pageand tive, and that she was now entitled to her mandatory f. l4b would seemto be blank. On"ff. lb and 74a are shareofthese books. The defendant.however. obstruc- the legal texts concerningthe status of the w,aqfof al- ted her from obtaining her share by denying that the iayft \álid' s manuscript collection. On the title-page is books were property, claiming instead that on the a v'aqf stamp, containing the name of al-iayl {.álid al- strength of the waqf-deed written in the Qamus these Naq5bandi.This stamp is repeatedtwo or three times constituted a family w'aqf esrablishedby al-iayf; Kálid. on everyopening of the inventory in the inner margins 70 MANUSCRIPTSOF THE MIDDLE EAST2 (I91J7) of the pages,giving it the impressionof a legal docu- (...). Whoevermakes a substitutefor evena tiny tract. ment, which it was, not to be tampered with. In this may he be cursed by God, the Angels and Man respect also it is clear, that the inventory owes its together.(...) This is in the year 1240.(...) This he said existenceto the legal action previouslydescribed. with his own tongue and he has signed,writing with 'the The material in the inventory is arrangedaccording his own fingers: poor servant of God, {.álid al- to subject.and each subjectis provided with headings, Naqóbandral-Mufaddidi al-Qádiri(...)'.'This is what in red ink. The titles within each subject are mostly Í.heia,vft said. Thus registeredon Monday, the seventh shortened,with a summary indication of the author, day of Gumádá II of the year 1270.' the number of volumes.and their size.The latter was Then follow the titles. For each subjectthe subtotal important for the preciseidentification of the manu- of volumes is indicated. For some of these subject I scripts, especiallyas they were the object of a legal mention titles of someof the books found there.I have action. The formats mentioned are qat' al-nisf (folio), also indicated the approximate number of different qat' al-ruh'(quarto),c1aí' ul-tumn (octavo) qat' ol-kamil titles, although the summarily noted tities do (the 'perfect' size.possibly a large sizein betweenfolio not always allow an unequivocal identification. The 'l). and quarto; royal octavo al-kamilkabír (apparently following subjectsare distinguished: in exceptional a format larger than kclmi[)2'. Only []/. 1b.Copies of the Qur'an.Number of items:6: casesare more details added to the entries.The titles numberof volumes: 10. are written. in black ink. in graphic unities ol an t2l fí', |b-la. Bookson Qur'aniceregesis. Number of approximateequal height and width, so that the pages items:,57:nutrber of r.olumes:82; numberof different usually contain ten or elevencolumns and Íour hori- titles:,ll. A number of copiesof the commentariesby zontal rows. It is a method of presentingbook invento- al-Zania\iarrand al-Balclllriris mentioned.No speci- ries which was widespreadin the Middle East. and ficall1 mr stical Qur'attic corttmentarrrs mentioned. which permitseasy browsingtt.Although printedAra- Book: or.ln-l\slicism. xre lllL-lttionedunder a special bic books of Islamiccontents $ere. to a limited e\teltt heading(.í. -b-Eb). Ercn rl thc-i contain a significant (in both numberof copiesand of titles).arailable irl amr)Llnto1' Sull inttrpretatirtt.tof rersesof the Qur'an, the Ottoman Ernpirerqduring the ouner's lilètinle 'Arabi's like Ibn ttl-Iirtilltut ul-'llttkkí.t'.yn.or some of (1779-1827).the inrenton containsonlr tttrtnttscript.. the mr.sticalnorks of al-Gazzáli.they are not conside- This is. once again.an illustrationof hou long the red to belong to the literary genreof tq/su'. manuscriptage in lact continuedto last in the Middle Number of items: East: till u'ell into the l9th centur.v. 3l rt. 2b-3b.Books on Tradition. 108; number of volumes: 153; number of different On /. lb is an introductory text which reads as 'LisÍ of al-Bu\ári's Saftil is follows. after the buvrtalu and hamdala: of the titles: 98. One complete copy of fragments of the number of books found in the library oi (...) al-iay'f mentioned and also a number work. One copy of the Sunanby Ab[ Dáwld, and one al-NaqSbandial-Mugaddidï (. .. ), whichhe institutedas The other so-calledcanonic a religious endowment for his children. He explained copy of Muslim's $afirfi. present. the conditions of this endowment in a cop) ol ul- collectionsare not in Qamusal-Mul.ut in his own hand*riting and uith his t1l l: ib Books on the technicalterminology used 'I own words: haveendou'ed this book irnd the restol Tradition.Number ol'itents:ll: numberof volumes:' my books for God Almi-eht1'.uith this prorision that ll: nurnberof drllèrenttitles: 19. nu--uri.t'.1'ctare Íor rn,vchildren in ï.heteirlil'a and the él í1. aa-b.Books on dogmatics.Number of items: order of seniority.and then for their children and their 86: number of volumes:94: numberof differenttitles: offspring, then for my companion Ismá'rl al-Ináránï. 61. then Muhammad al-Násih,then'Abd al-Fattálr,then 161.ff.5a-6a. Books on law, accordingto the school Ismá'rl al-Gazzt Whenever one of my children beco- of al-Safiï.Number of items:I l3; numberof volumes: mes, once again, qualified for the tan'liya after he has 178: number of different titles: 104. A number of lost it, ïhe tatt'liva wiil be returned to him from the copies of the TulLfaby lbn Hagar is given. From the hands of the persons mentioned by me with their number of books on Sáf i law in this and the two names. If the immediate family has died out the following sectionsit is, once more. clear that al-iayll taw'li,vaand nazar will go to my closestrelatives, in was a follower of the Sáfi'rntaQhab. order of closeness.provided he has learningand piety. Kàlid according Thereafter the taw'li1'awill be held by the most pious. l7l/.6a. Books on the law of inheritance, items: 20; number righteous and learned member of the Naq5bandiyya to the schoolof al-Saf i. Number of of volumes:20: number of differenttitles: 20. Books of {.álidiyya order, and thereafterit will be for any of the given under sincereMuslims in this order and the other orders of arithmetic contents by Ibn al-Há'im are the Saints. I have endowed these books. both the this headingas well. preciousones and those that are not precious.accor- tSl/. 6b. Books on the theory of law, according to dins to the rulesin the schoolof the imarn(...) al-San'l the schoolof al-Sáf i. Number of items:32; numberof THE LIBRARY OF Ar-SAYK KÁLID AL-\AeSeaNoï 11 volumes: 38; number of different titles: 28. A Sarh ll9lfr'. 11a-b.Books on logic and philosophy.Num- Gam' al-Gav'ami'by at-ia,vftIíálid himself is mention- ber of items: 36: number of volumes:41: number of ed. different titles: 35. Severalglosses and commentaries on tracts on logic (e.g. at-lsagugr and al-Samsíyya) are 19).f.6b. Books on the theory of law, according to the school of Ab[ Hanïfa. Number of items: 9; num- mentioned.A work on calendarcomputation (f. lla: ber of volumes:9; number of differenttitles: 9. Istiftra! al-Hilal ...) is enteredunder this heading,and Óagminr'swork on astronomy is given here as well. 7a. Books on law, accordingto the schoolof [10]/. The greaterphilosophical textbooks, like Ibn Srná'sa/- Ab[ Hanifa. Number of items: 27; number of volu- Sifa' andhis at-Iiarat y:a-al-Tanbrhat,or works by al- mes:27: number of differenttitles: 24. FáràbI or al-KindTare not representedin this section, Ullí.7a. Books on law, accordingto the schoolof nor any of Ibn Srná'ssmaller and more popular works Ibn Hanbal. Number of items:2; numberof volumes: for that matter. Schooltexts. commentaries and glosses 7: number of different titles: 2. of recent date are mentioned. but none of the sreat ll2l.tr. 7b-8b. Books on Islamic mysticism.Number works of the classicalperiod. of items 128 number of volumes: 134 number of 'Arabr, L20l.f.llb. Books on arithmetic.Number of items: different titles: l2l. Severalworks by lbn 'Abd l6; numberof volumes:l7; number of differenttitles: al-Gazzá\t. Suhrawardi. Ibn a1-Fárid. al-Qàdir 'Abd 17. Under this heading some books on medicine, al-Grlánï, al-Ganï al-Nábulusr, Sadr al-Dïn geometryand Qur'anic variant readingsare mentioned al-Qunawi and numerous other S[fi authors, are as well. mentioned. This part of the collection makes, not l1b-12a. Persianbooks. Number of items: surprisingly.the most varied and many-sidedimpres- l2ll tr. 68: numberof volumes:79: numberof differenttitles: sion. The last item (/. 8b) is a treatisecontaining the 68. Here the great Persianmrstics. and classicsof the Sil.silaof the [álidiyya order. Severaltexts in Persian Persianliterature are mentioned: the .Vutn(ttr bv Óalál are included under this headingas well. al-Drn R[mi. the Drvc7tt of Hàfi2. the Kantsa of 'Attàr's tl3l /: 9a. Books on history.Number of items: f6: NizàmT. the Guli.stt1nof Sa'dr, Tadkirat al- numberof volumes:271number of differenttitles:16. ,{vli.t'tl' and severalcollections of letters (maktubat). A number of biographicaldictionaries is mentioned 'un Sel'eralworks in Turkish are also given. under this heading Há[gi (alTfa's Ku.í./ttl-Zuniln l2b-13b. Tracts of varied contents.Number Asantíal-Kutub x'u-al-Furnhi.in tuo parts in one bind- l22l tr. of items: 85; number of volumes: 85; number of ing, is mentioned here as we11. different titles: 85. All the titles in this section could 9a-b. Books of philological tl4l ÍJ. contents.Number easily have been entered under one of the previous of items: 26; number of volumes: 29; number of headings.None of the works of this sectionstands out differenttitles: 26. A copy of and commentaries on al- for a specialreason: it is apparently the remainder of Harrrr's Durrat al-Gav'v'asare mentioned.The text of al-.íu.rfr{.álid's collectionthat is brought togetherhere. al-Harïrr's Maqamat is mentioned with several Total number of items: 959: total number of volu- commentarieson it. A copy of the Drw.anal-HantcTsct mes: ll75: total number of differenttitles: 872. On by al-Bulrturl(/.9a) is mentioned.which is a very rare l3b of the inr,entory MS indeed30. /. the total number of volumesis (incorrectly)indicated by the copyist as I166. Apart Books on Arabic syntax. 'philology' Ll5l tr'.9b-10a. Number of from the works mentioned under very few items:47; numberof volumes:561 number of different of the books in the collection were written in the titles: 45. Several commentaries on the Kaftta are classicalperiod of Arabic literature.The main impres- mentioned. sion one has of this library is that it containeda great tl6l.í. l0a. Books on Arabic morphology. Number number of commentaries and supercommentaries of items:9; number of volumes:l6; number of differ- which at most date back to the fifteenth century, but ent titles:9. are usually much more recent.From the striking num- ll7) í. l0b. Arabic lexicons.Number of items: 18; ber of doubles it could be concluded that the library numberof volumes:22; numberof differenttitles: 15. was usedas a study collectionwhich could be used by The Íirst item is al-Qamusal-Muhït, in two parts in one more personsthan the owner alone. The legal docu- binding, which is the copy in which the original w,aqf' ments which are attached to the inventory do not, note was contained,written in the hand of the v,àqd'.Iï however,offer information on the actual use that was is a luxuriously executed manuscript, with text in made of the collection during al-íay11Kálid'slifetime. columns or frames (mugadv.a[)and with gold ink used After the sum total of volumesfollows the protocol of in it (mu/ahhab). the previouslydescribed law suit (ff. l3b-l4a), written in nasta'líqscript. The protocol is dated 5 Óumádá II 118)tr. 10b-1la. Books on the theory of style and 1270(5 March 1854).The signaturesunder proto- rhetoric.Number of items:19;number of volumes:30; the col (f 14a) are number of different titles: 18. written in the hand of the copyist and l2 MANUSCRIPTSOF THE MIDDLE EAST] {I9E7)

were probably 11 copied by him from the court minutes. All four were kaly'asof Kálid: seeal-Káni. pp. 244, Finally, 'Abd one may ask where the manuscriptsof aÀ 248, 259. 260f.; al-Bagdádi. p. 67; and al-Raz záq al- 'Aiar, izr'( 6álid's collectionare today. The inventory which Baytàr. Hilt'at al-Baiar Ji Ta'ríft ol-Qarn al-Tàlít is published here somehow came in the Záhiriyya Damascus1957. vol I, p.881. ' 'z Library. but then. it probably was never kept together Kálid himselffollowed rhe Sáf i rnadhab.which is also with the manuscripts.The descriptionsof the inventory illustrated by the relatively large number of books in his library on are too scantto aliow positiveidentifications. Only two Sáfi'itelaw. However. the explicit statementthat the v'aqf'was establishedin accordancewith manuscriptscould be singledout and searchedfor in this ntadhab may have been inspired by the fact that the other schools cataloguesof other collections.These are the special restrictthe kinds of moveableproperty which may be made copy of al-Qumu.sal-Muhít with the x.adi1,t,ain it. and v'ac11l'.cf . A.Y. Massouda. Contríhutíon à l'étutle du Ilad en al-Buhtun's Dry'un ctl-Huntosa. The cataloguesof the Droit Egt'ptren.Paris 1925.p. l13: and Clavel.vol. I. pp. Library. 7áhiriyya however, do not mention these 195ff. In the case of books made into a family x.at11f. manuscripts3r. If thesetwo manuscriptare not in the usufruct rests with the members of the family. The books 7áhíriyyacollections they could be anywhere.and the may not be mor,edfrom the library; Massouda,pp. ll4 f. 13 samegoes for the rest ol al-iat'k Kálid's libran,. On hutlul i.ytihdltl(exchangeof the part or the whole of a x'at1ffor similar goods or money), see e.g. Muhammad Zayd al-Ib1ánr.Kirclh Mahahí1 al-Wac1f. Cairo 1924.59 ff.; Norls cf. Clavel.rol. I. p. 259. '+ On the ollces oÍ'trtuÍ'tt * and qc\dral-qutlàr. see e.g.'Abd Paragraphsl-l of thisintroductorv articlc arc uritten al-Karrnr Rriliq. ul-',1ruh ta'l-'L'ttnàni.t'.t.un,l5I6-lgl7, by Frederickde Jong.parrrgraph 4 is b;:Jen Jusr \\'itkam. Damascus197;1. pp. -il 1'.. t anil also H.A.R. Gibb & H. For biographicaldata anclfurther references.see A. Bo*cn. LslatttitSor,rr,/.t ttntl Íht' Il.ast.I ii. p. I 14. Hourani.'Shaikh F Khalid and the NaqshbandiOrder. in: This is MuharnmirdTrrlrir Etèndr al-Ámidi. the nrul tt S.M. Stern,A. Hourani& V. Brown rcàs.1.Istantit.philo.so_ ilho rvasexiled from Damascus.together with a number of ph.t' 'ulctnrà', ctncírhe r.las.sical tradition. Oxford 1972.pp. g9_lb3; and as part ol the punitive actions taken by the Otto- B. 'shaikh Abu-Manneh, Khalidand the Khalidiyya' in: A. man Foreign Minister Fu'àd Pàià following the massacreof Popovic & M. Gaborieau(eds.). Lt,s N,aqshbendies.paris: Christiansin Damascusin 1860;see Muhammad Adrb al- Eds.du CNRS 1988tin rhepress;. 'Umar Seeeiso rhe references Hisn1.Muntallahat al-Ta'rtk li-Díntu.íq,Damascus 1934. vol. givenby' Ridá Kahhala.líu'surrt ul-jf u'ctlliÍïn.vol. II, p. 267. (Damascus 1ó IV 1377l9-:7). p.9j. The granddaughterof al-iatI and the daughter : 'Abd Kálid For an outlrnt-ol- the histor.r o1-thc \aqibancirrra ancl of trneof his kuhfos. Alláh al-Hirràwr.cf. al-Bagdádr. referencesto the rcler.rnr .thc literJrLrrc.:cr- H. .flg;i. p. 70. I havc not beenable to establishthe rrrecisefamilv NaqshbandiOrclcr: A prcliminar\ sur\e\of irshistorl ancl relationshipbetueen Klclrgl and 4ftab. significance'in: SrudiuLtluntit'u ,l.l ( I 976).pp. I I t_I -ii. r- \crther 3 'Abd ol-thesctno legalrcprescntati\es ismentioned al-Magidb. Muhammadal-Kanr. ttl-[{udtj iu ul- br al-Kani.al-Bagcludi. rtr al-Bartar. Wttrtli.r)a lï Huqtt iq '- .lgli' ul-lluq.ihtttrtlrrr,r. D,rnrureu: n.cl . Klrlrd hacltbur sttns.ancl one c-lau-ehter:see al_Kánr, pp. 258ff. l5r + P. Ibib..p.248. rq T$o testintonies s br ntalc u,itnessesare suÍllcientto Muhammad b. Sulaymàn al- al-Bagdádi. aË prove a ttttll: cf. MassoLrda.pp.274 f.; al-Ibyánr.p. 154. I.Iadrqaal-lladí.tt'a AdAb 20 'Abd fi ul-Tarrqa al-lVaqíbantli1.1,av.u,l_ On Muhammad b. Alláh al-Kànr.see al-Bavtár. Bahga al-{alídiy,va.Cairo n.d.. p. 67. vol. III. p. 1210.Kidr Efendiis ó not menrionedin unuoiih. M.M. van Bruinessen.Aghu, Shaikh,ancl State. On the published sourcesmentioned in the preceding noies. His Sot'íalcmtl Politit'al Orgoni:utiort of Kurtlí,stan.Utrecht 197g. testimonyimplies that he must have known at-ia1.ftKálid as p. 286. least as well I as the other witnessdiit. This makes it fairly For a descriptionof the manuscript, seeMuhammad certainthat he was one of Kálid's disciples.if not one of his Riyàd al-Màlih. Fitrri.t.l4ttktfitttr Dur ul-Kutuhol-Ziltirirrtt. lalíf as. Al-Tctsav'wu.f,vol. I (Damascus 21 l39g l97g).p. 549,No.764. For a comprehensivediscussion of Ío:kit,a, seee.g. D. 8 This copy of al-Flrlzábádr's dictionaryfigures in the Santillana. In.stitu:ionidí díritto rnu,sulmanomalichita con inventory as the firsr item in the rubric kutuh at-lugaí. l0b). riguardo ant' .sistennscíufiita. Roma 1938.vol. II, pp. An explicit mention of the x.aqt't.n.ais part of the descrip_ 600rï. tion ol thisitem. 22 SeeClavel. vol. I. pp. 'q 268 tr. for establishedpractice al-(.áni. al-Hada'iq.p.248. and for different opinions I0 concerningthe need for registra_ The function of tax'lít,aof a v,aq/',exercised by the tion of the v'aqlf'deed. mutuy'allt,implies the 23 administration of a x.ac1f. The muta_ I.e. the Imám Ab[ Yusuf al-Ansàri al-Kufi and the v'allr is sometimes referred to as ntuiríf of the taqf. The Imám Muhammad al-Saybáni. Both are disciples of the duties of nazariyl.a, exercisedby the na:ír. concern the Imàm Ab[ Han]fa. conservation of the x.aqf. 2a Often. the ntutatr.a//l is looked The fact that Hanafï law is followed in the caseof a as the one who controls the 'Àbidin,flon na:ir. According to Ibn dispute over a l'aqlestablished by an adherentof the Sáfi.i neither mutatrullt nor na:ír can act independently;'la madhab seems to reflect the rise of the Hanafi ntaclhabin cf. E. 'Ulon.lu. Clavel. Le uttcl/ou huhoti cl'uprèsltr dotlrrinect Damascusin the l8th cenrury:cf. J. Voll, 'Old jurisprudence. Cairo 1896.vol. II, pp. 6 ff. Families and Ottoman Influence in Eighteenth-Century THE LIBRARY OF AL-SAYII {ÀLID AL-NAQSBANDI 73

Damascus'in'. AntericanJournal of Arahic'Studies 3 (1975), of Arabic ManuscripÍs(2nd edition. The Hague etc. 1980). pp.48-49. pp. 413-4. 2s The witnessesmentioned at the end ol the mahdar are 2e Wahid Gdoura, Le debut de I'imprímerie arabe à Istan- 'Abd Ahmad Nlri al-Qaf i (the court clerk); al-Qádir Efendr hul eÍ en Syrie: ëvolutíonde I'envíronnenlenÍculÍurel (1706- (one-time head of the clerks in the Mahkamat al-Bàb in 1787).Tunis 1985,pp.208 ff. Damascus; Muhammad Óamrl al-Satti, A'1'an Dimaiq, 30 According to C. Brockelmann,GAL S I, 4l and Fuat Damascus 1972,pp.49); Háfï Efendr Ma\dlmi (?); savyid Sezgin, Gl.S II. pp. 72-3. the Leiden MS Or. 889 (P. 'Abd a|-Razzàq al-. Ahmad al-Warránr, al-iay,l Voorhoeve,Handlist, p. 108),is the only known MS of this Ahmad al-{atib (a llahfa of al-iayl1(álid; seeal-{.áni, pp. anthology. 275.259: al-Bagdádi.p. 52). 31 Asmá' al-Himsr, Fihris Maf,tutat Dar al-Kutub al- 2ó Microfilm registeredin the Oriental Departmentof the Zahíriy)'a.'Lilum al-Luga al-'Arabi1,ya.Damascus 1393r Library as F.Or. A 1039. 1973,pp. l7-34.mentions twenty-two copies of al-Qantusal- 2? In fact, theseare not indicationsof fixed formats. but Mullty. severalof which would fit with the descriptionof the rather of the number of times a sheet was folded for copy in al-iarl1 {.álid's library. Although the 7àhiriyya obtaining leaves.One fold produces folio. two folds gives catalogueoccasionally mentions ownership notes, no men- quarto and three folds givesoctavo. The sizeof the original tion is made of a copy of the Qamus with the w'ac1fiy1'ain tt. 'IzzaÍHasan, sheet.of course.determined the format of the leaves. Filtris Malgnnt Dar al-Kutub al-Zahíríyya. Al- 28 Similarly executedbooklists are. for instance,the Lei- Sii. Damascus1384.1964. does not mention al-Buhtun's den MSS Or. ll28 and Or. 1069,cf . P. Voorhoeve,Handlist Dtv'an ol-Hunttl.sa. MANUSCRIPTSOF THE MIDDLE EAST2 (1987)

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