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ARCTIC OCEAN ARCTIC OCEAN ARCTIC OCEAN Alert Franz Josef Land Svalbard (RUSSIA) Severnaya Zemlya d (NORWAY) l a n (Northern Land) I s Komsomolets I. e Axel Heiberg e r Northeast Land October Revolution I. Island Spitsbergen s m Ellef Ringes I. e Bolshevik I. l l Qaanaaq (Thule) Longyearbyen Edge I. Queen Elizabeth Islands E Novosibirskiye Ostrova Prince Patrick I. Laptev Sea (New Siberian Islands) Bathurst I. Novaya Zemlya Melville Island Cornwallis I. Devon Island Ban (New Land) Kotelny I. New Siberia I. Resolute Bay Greenland Bear I. Barents Sea East Siberian Sea (NORWAY) Dikson Banks Greenland Prince of Somerset Arctic Bay Pond Inlet Upernavik Beaufort Sea Island Island (DENMARK) Sea Kara Sea Wrangel Island Wales Island Khatanga Wrangel Island (RUSSIA) Barrow Tiksi (RUSSIA) Jan Mayen B Chokurdakh Prudhoe Bay Victoria a f (NORWAY) Chukchi f i Norwegian Island n Tromsø a Taloyoak I Noril'sk n Sea Igloolik s Le Pevek King William I. l Sea Y a e Murmansk n a Inuvik n D Lofoten Is. irk Cherskiy i g d it s di a e Prince ra In a Ma v St Vorkuta y Verkhoyansk Kolym cke Great Kugluktuk Charles I. i Kotzebue n s rk RUSSIA zi Bear Lake Sisimiut a Zhigansk e Arctic Circle (66°34' N) Repulse Bay m Arctic Circle (66°34' N) S n t e Fort Good Hope r D Luleå ora a Akureyri White Sea Pech i Oulu Yukon Fairbanks n t Anadyr' Provideniya Nome Thelo Southampton ICELAND Arkhangel'sk Low NORWAY er Tun Dawson City Island Reykjavík guska Alaska Iqaluit Nuuk (Godthåb) FINLAND Trondheim SWEDEN (U.S.) Great No Oymyakon Chestereld rt Slave Lake Vaasa her St. Lawrence Inlet n D Sundsvall v Ob Island Yellowknife Gulf Lake in ’ RUSSIA a Vychegda Yakutsk Tórshavn (DEN.) of Onega Anchorage Tampere Surgut Valdez Narsarsuaq Bothnia Lake Bethel Whitehorse Lensk na Shetland Is. Bergen Ladoga kho Fort Smith Hudson (U.K.) Helsinki Su 60° N Oslo 60° N Magadan Vänern Stockholm Tallinn Saint Petersburg a n en lda Churchill Bay O L A Okhotsk e Kirov b Juneau Peac Lake Athabasca ESTONIA ’ Angara Kuujjuaq a Aldan Bering Sea Reindeer Labrador Rockall Pskov Rybinsk Res. Perm' Kodiak Lake (U.K.) Outer Göteborg e Yaroslavl' Irty Ust’-Ilimsk f Al Hebrides sh ulf o aska Gotland S a Tyumen' G Fort Fort McMurray Sea Rīga LATVIA Volg Nizhniy Izhevsk Yekaterinburg Kodiak Tomsk St. John Nelson Nain North Novgorod Alexander Peace River c l y Kamchatka Bering Sea Island o e Bratsk Fort Severn DENMARK i is Archipelago Glasgow Moscow Kazan' b n t o e Peninsula l T Kemerovo Y Krasnoyarsk Kuujjuarapik Sea Copenhagen a LITHUANIA Da B ug Omsk Cold Bay UNITED ava Smolensk Ryazan' Ufa Chelyabinsk Sea of a CANADA Belfast RUSSIA Vilnius Novosibirsk Prince Rupert Prince thabasc Ul'yanovsk George A a Grand Gdańsk Minsk Novokuznetsk Lake Okhotsk Commander n L e Abakan chewa Isle of KINGDOM Hamburg Okha Islands skat Labrador Dublin Bryansk Penza Samara Baikal s Queen Edmonton Sa City Happy Valley- Man V BELARUS Rūdnyy Barnaul Bukachacha (RUSSIA) Attu Island d Lake istu n F Goose Bay IRELAND (U.K.) la Petropavlovsk- a Charlotte Is. r Winnipeg Birmingham Amsterdam Berlin Warsaw l a Saskatoon Brest Homyel' Pavlodar Kamchatskiy A s s O Irkutsk Chita l I e de Łódż Voronezh l Orenburg Kyzyl Ulan-Ude e u n r NETH. E r Saratov Ura t i a London lb i a n u t Moosonee GERMANY e Astana r r l e Calgary POLAND u u I s A Lake Brussels m (U.S.) l a n d Regina Celtic Cologne m A Sakhalin s Manitoba Zhytomyr Kyiv Qaraghandy A Blagoveshchensk Lake Lille BELGIUM Frankfurt Prague Kraków a L'viv g (Karaganda) Vancouver Nipigon Sea LUX. l Aqtōbe Öskemen Winnipeg Guernsey (U.K.) Le Havre S Kharkiv o Selenga Island Vancouver Anticosti I. ein Luxembourg CZECHIA Dn V Jersey (U.K.) e UKRAINE iep Erdenet s Paris be er Volgograd Hailar Victoria Thunder Bay Timmins Island of e nu SLOVAKIA d Gulf of n a Bei’an Lake i D Munich Bratislava Donets'k Hovd Ulaanbaatar Khabarovsk n St. Lawrence h Vienna KAZAKHSTAN Altay re R LIECH. a Seattle Spokane Superior St. John’s Loi Choybalsan Budapest MOLDOVA Rostov Atyraü Qiqihar l Olympia Missoula Bismarck Fargo Québec Bern AUSTRIA Lake Balkhash Jiamusi Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk s Vaduz Chişinaŭ Odesa I Sault Ste. Marie North Bay Charlottetown FRANCE SWITZ. HUNGARY Helena Sydney SLOV. Sea of Azov Astrakhan' Aral Sea Ulanhot l olumbia Billings Lyon Ljubljana MONGOLIA Harbin i C M Montréal St. Pierre Milan Zagreb ROMANIA Russian r Portland is Ottawa Bay of S Jixi u sis and Miquelon CROATIA Crimea claim Krasnodar Stavropol' yr Minneapolis si n Lake Bordeaux Belgrade D K pp a Halifax (FRANCE) Turin SAN ar i g Burlington Biscay Bucharest y Dal'negorsk Pierre i Huron Augusta Genoa BOS. & HER. Simferopol’ Qyzylorda a h MARINO Constanța Yining L. Khanka c Dan Changchun Jilin i Toronto SERBIA ube Ürümqi Boise Sioux Falls io Sable I. Toulouse MONACO Sarajevo Nal'chik C Aqtaū Dalandzadgad Administered by RUSSIA, M Ontar Groznyy Almaty L. (CAN.) Sochi a Vladivostok Sapporo Hokkaidō claimed by JAPAN Milwaukee e e Casper Syracuse s Taraz Turpan Hami Snak k Bilbao Marseille ITALY Pristina Sofia Varna B l a c k S e a Nukus M a Detroit Bualo Boston Podgorica p A Shymkent Kushiro i L KOS. GEORGIA Chifeng s Des ie BULGARIA i m Bishkek NORTH s r ANDORRA Chicago e E E Corsica MONT. u Issyk L. o Moines ak Providence b Rome Skopje Tbilisi a D Shenyang u L ro (FR.) ar Omaha r VATICAN MAC. Istanbul n y Cheyenne i NORTH Porto Tirana Trabzon a KYRGYZSTAN Eureka Elko Great Salt Salt Lake City Cleveland Barcelona Naples Tashkent Huludao CITY ALB. Thessaloníki Baotou Lake Pittsburgh New York Madrid AZERBAIJAN S Bursa ARMENIA Türkmenbaşy UZBEKISTAN Dunhuang Datong Beijing Sea of PACIFIC Denver Indianapolis Philadelphia PORTUGAL Tagus Sardinia Ankara Yerevan Baku e Jiayuguan NORTH KOREA Reno Valencia (IT.) a Buxoro Kashi (Kashgar) NORTH Kansas City Saint Cincinnati Baltimore SPAIN Balearic Is. TURKMENISTAN Zhangye Pyongyang Japan Louis ATLANTIC (SP.) GREECE AZER. (Bukhara) Yinchuan Tianjin Dalian Charleston İzmir TURKEY L. Van TAJIKISTAN Shache Yulin Bo Sea Sacramento hio Washington, D.C. Lisbon Palermo Athens O Konya Diyarbakır Tabrīz Ashgabat Dushanbe Wuwei Shijiazhuang Richmond Azores Seville Yantai Seoul OCEAN San Francisco Sicily L. Urmia Qinghai L. Taiyuan JAPAN PACIFIC Fresno o (PORT.) Ponta Delgada Adana Gaziantep Mary Hotan ad UNITED STATES Norfolk Málaga Algiers (IT.) lor OCEAN Mosul Golmud Xining ) Jinan SOUTH Honshū Las Vegas Co Nashville Aleppo Mashhad Mazār-e Sharīf w Tulsa Knoxville (U.K.) Tunis llo Constantine MALTA Eu 1972 line Houma e Qingdao KOREA Santa Fe Ar Ceuta (SP.) Valletta p Erbil Tehran Lanzhou Tokyo kan ee h (Y Flagsta Amarillo sa Memphis ss Charlotte Oran Nicosia r T of control g Yellow Busan Nagoya s ne a i an Linyi Oklahoma Ten TUNISIA t g Hu OCEAN Albuquerque Melilla (SP.) Crete es r Yokohama Santa Barbara SYRIA i Qom Kabul Sea Hiroshima City (GR.) s Herāt Indian Xi'an Los Angeles Atlanta Rabat Mediterranean Sea LEBANON Peshāwar Line of claim Zhengzhou Ōsaka Phoenix Wilmington Beirut Kermānshāh actual CHINA Suzhou Fukuoka Channel Is. i Casablanca Fès Damascus Shikoku San Diego p Tripoli West Bank Baghdad AFGHANISTAN Islamabad control Nanyang Ft. Worth Dallas p Ankang i Madeira Is. Ghardaïa Eşfahān Jammu Tucson s Jackson Montgomery Hamilton Nanjing s Savannah Funchal Tel Aviv-Yafo (PORT.) Nantong N Tijuana El Paso Shreveport i Amman Kyushū Izu s (U.K.) Marrakech Benghāzī Kandahār Lahore s ISRAEL IRAQ Ahvāz Hefei a Islands i Alexandria ngtz Ciudad R Jerusalem IRAN Faisalābād Ludhiāna Ya e Shanghai i M Nogales o Chengdu Wuhan m Juárez G Austin New Jacksonville Gaza Strip JORDAN ra San Orleans MOROCCO Al Başrah Quetta Multān Hangzhou n Houston Cairo Ningbo p 30° N d Antonio Suez Lhasa 30° N e Xigazê ō Hermosillo Canary Islands Al Jīzah KUWAIT Shīrāz s Zāhedān Chongqing Yueyang ( Kuwait East China J (SP.) d A Orlando Tabūk New Delhi BHUTAN I City P Chihuahua Las Palmas NEPAL Nanchang Wenzhou n s Midway Islands Tampa ALGERIA Xichang Sea A Laredo Changsha a N l N Bandar 'Abbās s a (U.S.) Sabhā i u Jaipur Āgra Kathmandu Thimphu l ) LIBYA l BAHRAIN d Laayoune e s n Freeport n Guiyang I Okinawa Persian Jodhpur Lucknow a I ) Bir Lehlú tr d SAUDI Kānpur apu Fuzhou N H Torreón Monterrey Miami EGYPT Luxor Manama OMAN Allahābād Patna rahm Naha A Daito Is. a Gulf Hyderābād B y u P s w Matamoros Nassau Western Abu Kota G d Baoshan Kunming Guilin Taipei y JA a Gulf of Mexico Doha an d Shaoguan ( (JAPAN) Minamitori Shima i Riyadh Dhabi ge Vārānasi a k Iwo Jima ‘ THE Sahara Medina Gulf of Oman s w u i La Paz Al Jawf Karachi a Xiamen (Marcus I.) a Aswān r y Andros I. r Xi R n Tropic of Cancer (23°26' N) MEXICO BAHAMAS (MOROCCO) QATAR UNITED ARAB Muscat Dhaka I Shantou TAIWAN Tropic of Cancer (23°26' N) (JAPAN) I Havana Ahmadābād Gejiu Guangzhou s Mazatlán San Luis Turks and Tamanrasset EMIRATES Bhopāl Jamshedpur Khulna Nanning Kaohsiung l a Tampico ARABIA n Potosí Caicos Islands (U.K.) Small Caribbean island capitals Indore Kolkata Mandalay Jeddah Rājkot Chittagong Hong Kong d León CUBA and administrative centers Sūrat Nāgpur Bhilai (Calcutta) Zhanjiang s Mérida Virgin (U.K.) Nouadhibou Mecca Hanoi Macau S.A.R. Honolulu Guadalajara Cancún DOMINICAN – The Valley Atar OMAN MYANMAR Luzon Islands Bhubaneshwar (BURMA) Haiphong S.A.R. Hilo Campeche Santiago de Cuba REPUBLIC (U.S.) Anguilla (U.K.) and Barbuda – Saint John’s Strait Mexico City Port Sudan n Toluca Port-au- Saint-Martin (FR.) Sint Maarten (NETH.) Aruba – Oranjestad Red Nay Pyi Taw e Philippine Hawaii Cayman Is. San Dongola e Gulf of Santiago Mumbai G LAOS Hainan Wake Island Prince Barbados – Bridgetown MAURITANIA o w Hawai‘i (U.K.) Juan Saint Barthélemy (FR.) Pune l Northern Revillagigedo Is. Puebla JAMAICA Sea dā (U.S.) (U.S.) (Bombay) v a Vientiane Tonkin Island ST. KITTS AND Bonaire – Kralendijk Nouakchott a S Chiang M Sea Mariana (MEXICO) Santo r e Tuxtla HAITI Puerto British Virgin Islands – Road Town MALI Hyderābād i Vishākhapatnam Mai k Islands Oaxaca BELIZE Kingston Domingo ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 'Ayoūn el o Gutiérrez Rico (U.S.) – George Town Sénéga Timbuktu Kolhāpur Yangon n Paracel (U.S.) Johnston Atoll l 'Atroūs g Luzon Acapulco Belmopan C Navassa Island Gao NIGER Islands (U.S.) a Guadeloupe (FR.) Curaçao – Willemstad Kaédi SUDAN ERITREA Vijayawāda (Rangoon) Da Nang GUATEMALA San Pedro Sula r (U.S.) Khartoum Kassala Sanaa i b (U.K.) DOMINICA Dominica – Roseau CABO VERDE YEMEN Hubli THAILAND Saipan b Tahoua B Arabian Bay of e Grenada – St. George’s l Asmara Manila HONDURAS a Martinique (FR.) Dakar CHAD u VIETNAM n Praia Kayes r e S e a Guadeloupe – Basse-Terre SENEGAL e Tegucigalpa g Guatemala City i Zinder Lake Bangkok MARSHALL Curaçao ST. VINCENT AND ST. LUCIA N Djenné Niamey Abéché N Mek’elē Bengalūru Saint Barthélemy – Gustavia i Sea Bengal Siem Reap Banjul Chad l El Obeid e (Bangalore) South China San Salvador (NETH.) THE GRENADINES BARBADOS St. Kitts and Nevis – Basseterre Bamako Assab de n Mangalore Chennai Andaman Hagåtña Guam ISLANDS NICARAGUA Aruba (NETH.) THE GAMBIA Ouagadougou Sokoto Gonder Aden f A (Madras) Islands CAMBODIA PHILIPPINES (U.S.) EL SALVADOR St. Lucia – Castries Kano N'Djamena Nyala lf o Socotra Bonaire (NETH.) GRENADA DJIBOUTI Gu (INDIA) G Bikini Managua L. Nicaragua Saint-Martin – Marigot Bissau L. Tana (YEMEN) Sea Samar R BURKINA FASO Maiduguri Kozhikode Port Blair u Phnom a Barranquilla Bahir Dar Djibouti Coimbatore l Panay t Sint Maarten – Philipsburg GUINEA-BISSAU Maroua f a Maracaibo Caracas Port of Spain Kankan Penh Ho Chi Minh City Liberia Cartagena St. Vincent and The Grenadines – Kingstown GUINEA BENIN Lakshadweep Andaman o Iloilo Cebu k Clipperton Island San José TRINIDAD AND Madurai f (Saigon) Palawan Valencia e Kochi C NIGERIA l Addis TOBAGO i Hargeysa (INDIA) T (FRANCE) Colón Martinique – Fort-de-France Parakou Sea h Conakry N ue N Jana h Negros L. Maracaibo Ciudad ig n Ababa Spratly a Panama City Montserrat – Plymouth er Abuja Be Moundou ite Dire a Kwajalein COSTA David Guayana W h Laccadive SRI i i N'Délé n Mérida – Grand Turk Freetown CÔTE TOGO Dawa la Islands Sulu Sea Yap R RICA Cúcuta Wau Sea LANKA n a Virgin Islands – Charlotte Amalie Nicobar Malay d Mindanao Melekeok l i PANAMA a SIERRA LEONE D'IVOIRE Ibadan Chuuk k n SOUTH ETHIOPIA Palikir Majuro e Georgetown Colombo Islands Zamboanga C l VENEZUELA Yamoussoukro Enugu CENTRAL Peninsula Davao Pohnpei Kingman Reef (U.S.) Medellín a Lomé Lagos (INDIA) h d Paramaribo Monrovia a g SUDAN AFRICAN REPUBLIC Disputed i a o Puerto Ayacucho GUYANA Abidjan Accra Porto- Warri Banda S Bandar Seri FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA n Palmyra Atoll (U.S.) Cocos Island c LIBERIA Obo boundary PALAU M t Manizales o Cayenne Novo Juba SOMALIA ra George Town Begawan (COSTA RICA) n Aceh Bogotá i i r Bangui t Douala o

O BRUNEI Male f Kuala Malpelo Island SURINAME French Guiana Malabo Uele Medan M Celebes Cali Yaoundé a Lumpur (FRANCE) EQUATORIAL GUINEA MALDIVES l Tarakan (COLOMBIA) Boa Vista i a Kiritimati g L. Turkana cc Sea G n Bumba a i (Christmas Island) COLOMBIA Gulf of Guinea a UGANDA l b b L Saint Peter and U Mogadishu e Pasto Tarawa r Howland Island (U.S.) SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE Borneo Ternate Kapingamarangi t Saint Paul Archipelago REP. OF SINGAPORE Halmahera i Kisangani Kampala Pekanbaru I (BRAZIL) Libreville KENYA Yaren s Baker Island (U.S.) Jarvis Equator (0°) Macapá Equator (0°) THE Mbandaka Pontianak Equator (0°) l n Galapagos Quito Sâo Tomé Gorontalo a 0° Island N Meru Molucca District n 0° Islands eg Port CONGO Lake Samarinda d (U.S.) e ro GABON Sea Biak s (ECUADOR) apurá Belém Gentil DEMOCRATIC Victoria Nairobi ECUADOR J on Annobon o Goma NAURU az (EQUA. GUI.) g Kigali Sumatra Guayaquil Am São Luís n RWANDA Sulawesi o REPUBLIC Phoenix I Cuenca Bismarck Manaus Santarém C Palembang Jayapura Islands Amazon Fernando De Banjarmasin Ceram Archipelago s Iquitos Fortaleza OF THE CONGO Bujumbura u Noronha Islands Arusha Leticia g Brazzaville K BURUNDI Mombasa Rabaul l M as ara n (BRAZIL) a Kasongo Victoria KIRIBATI ñón s i i ó Pointe-Noire Tanjungkarang- INDONESIA j X Mahé I. New Guinea a a Teresina Kinshasa a p Marabá Telukbetung Piura ir a ANGOLA Matadi Kikwit Kananga Lake Makassar de T (Cabinda) Kalemie British Indian Chagos Jakarta Sea Mt. Hagen n a Dodoma Banda Sea Aru New Britain Bougainville U M s a Ocean Territory Archipelago S c n Mbuji- Islands o i b l d a t João Pessoa Dar es Salaam o y a (U.K.) m n Mayi l Bandung a Surabaya PAPUA NEW GUINEA o Cruzeiro do Sul a a Diego Garcia Semarang n l SOLOMON i c s Trujillo u I s o Recife L Bali Bima l T (U.K.) Java Díli a Funafuti Marquesas Luanda Arafura Port n ISLANDS Nukunonu Islands Chimbote Porto Velho Sobradinho Aldabra Is. Denpasar d (N.Z.) Malanje Timor TIMOR-LESTE Moresby Honiara s TUVALU Caroline I. PERU Rio Branco Reservoir Maceió Torres Strait Petrolina Agaléga Kupang Sea Guadacanal Ji-Paraná BRAZIL Lake Christmas Island Sumba Santa Cruz Northern Riberalta Kolwezi COMOROS () Nyasa Glorioso Is. (AUSTL.) Islands Cook Islands Lubumbashi Moroni Timor Huancayo ANGOLA (FRANCE) Cocos (Keeling) Ashmore and Lima Barreiras Feira de Santana Islands G o Benguela Cartier Islands r Wallis and Vilhena c Huambo Antsiranana Sea Wallis and SAMOA s Pemba (AUSTL.) e i Ndola (AUSTL.) Darwin a Futuna Cusco c Salvador Mayotte Futuna n t Savai‘i Apia T u a Lilongwe (administered by FRANCE, (FRANCE) Matâ‘- a Ica r Gulf of B (FRANCE) Rangiroa m F claimed by COMOROS) a Coral Sea Pago Pago Katherine utu o Menongue Nacala r t Trinidad o INDIAN Vitória da Conquista r u ã Lubango Carpentaria Espiritu N American Namibe i A S e Lake Zambezi e Cook Islands r Cuiabá Brasília Lusaka Juan da r Santo Samoa w c Titicaca Tete Blantyre Tromelin I. h BOLIVIA R Vanua Levu (U.S.) (N.Z.) i Nova I. Mahajanga p (FRANCE) La Paz Goiânia Montes Claros (U.K.) e e Arequipa (FRANCE) i Cairns l a e a Cochabamba u OCEAN FIJI Papeete f Society g g Livingstone Harare Coral Sea H Lau a o r Islands Tahiti Tacna Broome Islands Port-Vila e Viti Levu Group Santa Cruz a MOZAMBIQUE b Aitutaki P Uberlândia Antananarivo (AUSTL.) r Suva Alofi Sucre Townsville i Corumbá Belo Grootfontein Mozambique d TONGA Niue Southern Horizonte Beira Rodrigues e F r e n c h P o l y n e s i a Potosí Campo Port Louis s FIJI (N.Z.) Iquique Bulawayo Channel MADAGASCAR (MAURITIUS) Lo Cook Islands (FRANCE) Grande Vitória Trindade Martin Vaz Karratha Mount Isa New ya Saint-Denis MAURITIUS lty Nuku‘alofa Avarua Ribeirão Preto (BRAZIL) (BRAZIL) Bassas da India Tarija á Fianarantsoa Caledonia Is Rarotonga n (FRANCE) Reunion . Tongatapu ra (FRANCE) a (FRANCE) P Rio de Windhoek Campinas Janeiro Walvis Bay Serowe Europa I. Nouméa A SOUTH (FRANCE) Rockhampton u (U.K.) Tropic of Capricorn (23°26' S) PARAGUAY Toliara Tropic of Capricorn (23°26' S) Longreach s t São Paulo r a Antofagasta Alice Springs l Henderson I. Salta Santos Gaborone I Asunción Xai-Xai s Pitcairn I. Curitiba Windorah l a ATLANTIC Pretoria n Formosa Maputo d San Félíx I. Joinville s Salas y Gómez I. San Ambrosio I. Lüderitz Johannesburg Easter Island (CHILE) San Miguel Mbabane (Rapa Nui) (CHILE) (CHILE) Copiapó Rapa de Tucumán Florianópolis SWAZILAND Brisbane (CHILE) Posadas Welkom SOUTH OCEAN O Upington range Geraldton Bloemfontein Norfolk Island Springbok Maseru La Serena Porto Alegre Bourke (AUSTL.) PACIFIC 30° S Durban Armidale 30° S SOUTH Kalgoorlie ng Kermadec Islands á rli (N.Z.) Córdoba n a OCEAN a Pelotas D Lord Howe Island CHILE r AFRICA Ball’s Pyramid a Perth Dubbo (AUSTL.) P Broken Hill (AUSTL.) Mendoza Rosario Whyalla Valparaíso Orange Newcastle URUGUAY Worcester East London Busselton Santiago Cape Town Murray Sydney Juan Fernández Buenos Aires Port Elizabeth Islands Adelaide Canberra Wollongong (CHILE) La Plata Montevideo Albany Murra Great Australian y Concepción Kangaroo I. Bendigo ARGENTINA Bight Auckland Los Ángeles (U.K.) Amsterdam Island Melbourne Hamilton Portland Bahía Blanca Mar del Plata Neuquén Colorado Saint Paul Island NEW North Island Valdivia Ne gro ZEALAND San Carlos Gough Island Tasman Sea Countries of the World de Bariloche (U.K.) Devonport Wellington Puerto Montt SOUTH Tasmania South Capital The bounding lines around scattered Chiloé Island Hobart Island island groups, drawn for clarity, are not Rawson Christchurch CAMBODIA Independent state (N.Z.) actual maritime boundaries. PACIFIC Anguilla (U.K.) Dependency or area of Chonos Queenstown special sovereignty Archipelago French Southern and Antarctic Lands Dunedin Coihaique Comodoro Crozet Islands (FRANCE) Rivadavia OCEAN Prince Edward Scale at Equator Islands (SOUTH AFRICA) Snares Islands (N.Z.) (N.Z.) 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000Mi. Kerguelen Islands a Cruz 0 1,000 2,000 3,000Km. Sant (Islas Malvinas) (N.Z.) (administered by U.K., Auckland Islands West claimed by ARGENTINA) Falkland (N.Z.) 1:35,000,000, Patterson projection Queen Adelaide Río Gallegos Archipelago Stanley Campbell East Heard Island and Island Punta Arenas Falkland McDonald Islands (N.Z.) Map available at www.shadedrelief.com/political • Version 1.0.5, December 12, 2016 (AUSTL.) Tierra Macquarie del Fuego Bouvet Island (NORWAY) Island South (AUSTL.) Georgia Scotia Sea South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (administered by U.K., South claimed by ARGENTINA) Sandwich Islands Drake Passage 60° S 60° S

South Orkney Islands

Antarctic Circle (66°34' S) Antarctic Circle (66°34' S) Larsen Ice Shelf

Antarctic Amery Ice Shelf Bellingshausen Sea Peninsula Alexander Amundsen Sea Island

Ross Sea Weddell Sea

A n t a r c t i c a Ronne Ice Shelf Berkner Antarctica has no government, although various countries claim Island sovereignty in certain regions. There is no universal recognition of these claims. The Antarctic Treaty of 1959 preserves Antarctica Ross Ice Shelf Ross Ice Shelf for scienti c research by all nations.

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