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Interactions of Patagonian Toothfish Fisheries With
CCAMLR Science, Vol. 17 (2010): 179–195 INTERACTIONS OF PATAGONIAN TOOTHFISH FISHERIES WITH KILLER AND SPERM WHALES IN THE CROZET ISLANDS EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE: AN ASSESSMENT OF DEPREDATION LEVELS AND INSIGHTS ON POSSIBLE MITIGATION STRATEGIES P. Tixier1, N. Gasco2, G. Duhamel2, M. Viviant1, M. Authier1 and C. Guinet1 1 Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé CNRS, UPR 1934 Villiers-en-Bois, 79360 France Email – [email protected] 2 MNHN Paris, 75005 France Abstract Within the Crozet Islands Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) longline fishery is exposed to high levels of depredation by killer (Orcinus orca) and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). From 2003 to 2008, sperm whales alone, killer whales alone, and the two species co-occurring were observed on 32.6%, 18.6% and 23.4% respectively of the 4 289 hauled lines. It was estimated that a total of 571 tonnes (€4.8 million) of Patagonian toothfish were lost due to depredation by killer whales and both killer and sperm whales. Killer whales were found to be responsible for the largest part of this loss (>75%), while sperm whales had a lower impact (>25%). Photo-identification data revealed 35 killer whales belonging to four different pods were involved in 81.3% of the interactions. Significant variations of interaction rates with killer whales were detected between vessels suggesting the influence of operational factors on depredation. When killer whales were absent at the beginning of the line hauling process, short lines (<5 000 m) provided higher yield and were significantly less impacted by depredation than longer lines. -
MARC Code List for Countries: Part I
Code Sequence PART II: CODE SEQUENCE Discontinued codes are identified by a hyphen preceding the code aa Albania ce Sri Lanka abc Alberta cf Congo (Brazzaville) -ac Ashmore and Cartier Islands cg Congo (Democratic Republic) ae Algeria ch China (Republic : 1949- ) af Afghanistan ci Croatia ag Argentina cj Cayman Islands -ai Anguilla ck Colombia ai Armenia (Republic) cl Chile -air Armenian S.S.R. cm Cameroon aj Azerbaijan -cn Canada -ajr Azerbaijan S.S.R. cou Colorado aku Alaska -cp Canton and Enderbury Islands alu Alabama cq Comoros am Anguilla cr Costa Rica an Andorra -cs Czechoslovakia ao Angola ctu Connecticut aq Antigua and Barbuda cu Cuba aru Arkansas cv Cape Verde as American Samoa cw Cook Islands at Australia cx Central African Republic au Austria cy Cyprus aw Aruba -cz Canal Zone ay Antarctica dcu District of Columbia azu Arizona deu Delaware ba Bahrain dk Denmark bb Barbados dm Benin bcc British Columbia dq Dominica bd Burundi dr Dominican Republic be Belgium ea Eritrea bf Bahamas ec Ecuador bg Bangladesh eg Equatorial Guinea bh Belize em East Timor bi British Indian Ocean Territory enk England bl Brazil er Estonia bm Bermuda Islands -err Estonia bn Bosnia and Hercegovina es El Salvador bo Bolivia et Ethiopia bp Solomon Islands fa Faroe Islands br Burma fg French Guiana bs Botswana fi Finland bt Bhutan fj Fiji bu Bulgaria fk Falkland Islands bv Bouvet Island flu Florida bw Belarus fm Micronesia (Federated States) -bwr Byelorussian S.S.R. fp French Polynesia bx Brunei fr France cau California fs Terres australes et antarctiques cb Cambodia françaises cc China ft Djibouti cd Chad gau Georgia MARC Code List for Countries page 37 Code Sequence gb Kiribati kz Kazakhstan gd Grenada -kzr Kazakh S.S.R. -
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Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” Jean-Philippe Palasi Director for European policy Averting global biodiversity loss Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” Can we avert global biodiversity loss ? That means addressing 5 direct causes: • Habitat destruction • Over exploitation • Pollution • Invasive species • Climate change Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” Can we avert global biodiversity loss ? That means addressing 5 direct causes: • Habitat destruction • Over exploitation • Pollution • Invasive species • Climate change Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” Can we avert global biodiversity loss ? That means addressing 5 direct causes: • Habitat destruction • Over exploitation • Pollution • Invasive species • Climate change And several root causes: • Demographic growth • Poverty • Poor governance, corruption and conflicts • Unsustainable economic models (production, Photo 1 consumption and supply chains) 4.2” x 10.31” • Lack of awareness & adequate accounting Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” Habitat destruction Climate change species confined to high altitude At 520 ppm (mid-century?) most of coral species in warm waters would scarcely support further growth. Increased droughts in the Amazon basin 2010 vegetation anomalies, Nasa Earth Observatory CC impact on species Chris Thomas (Leeds univ), Nature, 2004 « We predict, on the basis of mid-range climate-warming scenarios for 2050, that 15-37% of species (…) will be committed to exctinction » = 1 million terrestrial species by 2050 Mitigation is key: - Lower climate projections: ~18% - Mid-range: ~24% Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” - Maximum: ~35% Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” Biodiversity loss …is a defining issues of our time …is closely linked to climate change …will carry on for decades, probably centuries …can be mitigated through profound changes in our economic and social systems Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” EU action for global biodiversity Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” EU action for global biodiversity 1. -
Iucn Summary Gough Island (United Kingdom) 2
WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION - IUCN SUMMARY GOUGH ISLAND (UNITED KINGDOM) Summary prepared by IUCN/WCMC (March 1995) based on the original nomination supplied by the Government of the United Kingdom. This original and all documents in support of this nomination will be available for consultation at the meetings of the Bureau and the Committee. 1. LOCATION Located southeast of Tristan da Cunha Island in the south Atlantic Ocean, midway between Africa and South America. 2. JURIDICAL DATA The island and surrounding territorial waters were designated a wildlife area in 1976 under the Tristan da Cunha Conservation Ordinance. 3. IDENTIFICATION The island of Gough (6500ha) represents the eroded core of a Late Tertiary volcano. The east side of the island is dissected by a series of deep steep-sided valleys, which are separated by narrow serrated ridges. Along the west side of the island, rounded slopes extend from the central plateau to the western sea cliffs. Many offshore stacks and rocks are present, mostly within 100m of the main island. Vegetation comprises tussock grass around the coast and wet heath with moss and feldmark, and bog and swamp communities at higher elevations. Knowledge of the flora is incomplete but consists of some 35 native flowering plant and 28 native fern species. Over 30 of Gough's vascular plant taxa are endemic to the Tristan de Cunha islands. A total of 146 bryophytes have been recorded, eight of which are endemic, together with 20 fungi and 24 lichens. Invertebrate fauna also remains poorly known, but comprises 100 species, eight of which are endemic. -
Henderson Island Expedition June 2019 Henderson Island Expedition June 2019
Henderson Island Expedition June 2019 Henderson Island Expedition June 2019 Overview Overarching objectives of the expedition: A) Study the plastic pollution on Henderson Island and raise awareness of the waste in the context of the global problem of ocean plastics; B) Study and raise awareness of the Henderson marine environment – promoting the Pitcairn Island Marine Reserve and the benefits of large, fully protected marine protected areas. A 2015 analysis (published in 2017) found that one of the Pitcairn archipelago’s four islands, Henderson, has >18 tonnes of plastic on its beaches: “the highest density of plastic debris recorded anywhere in the world”. The 38km2 island has >38 million pieces of plastic upon its shores. Conservative estimates suggest that 3,500-13,500 new plastic items wash up on Henderson each day. One of its beaches, the 2 km long East Beach, is polluted by 30 million plastic items. The 2015 work served as a reminder that the long-term protection of large areas of ocean needs to be partnered by science and messaging capable of changing attitudes towards the way we live, consume, and discard on land. The Pitcairn Island Council has sanctioned an expedition to Henderson in June 2019 which provides an opportunity for key Pitcairn and ocean stakeholders to effectively communicate the source, scale, range and impacts of ocean debris on Henderson and the Pacific Ocean through on-site science, art and media. The initiative also provides the team an opportunity to study and showcase the beauty and ambition of the Pitcairn Island Marine Reserve Henderson Island Expedition June 2019 MEXICO Timings PACIFIC OCEAN 1 02/06 Arrive at Tahiti Team briefing Tahiti 2 04/06 PERU Depart Tahiti 07:30 a.m. -
Florida Department of Education
FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Implementation Date: DOE INFORMATION DATA BASE REQUIREMENTS Fiscal Year 1995-96 VOLUME II: AUTOMATED STAFF INFORMATION SYSTEM July 1, 1995 AUTOMATED STAFF DATA ELEMENTS APPENDIX C COUNTRY CODES CODE COUNTRY CODE COUNTRY AF Afghanistan CV Cape Verde AB Albania CJ Cayman Islands AG Algeria CP Central African Republic AN Andorra CD Chad AO Angola CI Chile AV Anguilla CH China AY Antarctica KI Christmas Island AC Antigua and Barbuda CN Clipperton Island AX Antilles KG Cocos Islands (Keeling) AE Argentina CL Colombia AD Armenia CQ Comoros AA Aruba CF Congo AS Australia CR Coral Sea Island AU Austria CS Costa Rica AJ Azerbaijan DF Croatia AI Azores Islands, Portugal CU Cuba BF Bahamas DH Curacao Island BA Bahrain CY Cyprus BS Baltic States CX Czechoslovakia BG Bangladesh DT Czech Republic BB Barbados DK Democratic Kampuchea BI Bassas Da India DA Denmark BE Belgium DJ Djibouti BZ Belize DO Dominica BN Benin DR Dominican Republic BD Bermuda EJ East Timor BH Bhutan EC Ecuador BL Bolivia EG Egypt BJ Bonaire Island ES El Salvador BP Bosnia and Herzegovina EN England BC Botswana EA Equatorial Africa BV Bouvet Island EQ Equatorial Guinea BR Brazil ER Eritrea BT British Virgin Islands EE Estonia BW British West Indies ET Ethiopia BQ Brunei Darussalam EU Europa Island BU Bulgaria FA Falkland Islands (Malvinas) BX Burkina Faso, West Africa FO Faroe Islands BM Burma FJ Fiji BY Burundi FI Finland JB Byelorussia SSR FR France CB Cambodia FM France, Metropolitian CM Cameroon FN French Guiana CC Canada FP French Polynesia Revised: -
National Report Norway
HCA9-07.4Ad IHO HYDROGRAPHIC COMMITTEE ON ANTARCTICA (HCA) 9th Meeting, Simon’s Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 12-14 October 2009 NATIONAL REPORT – NORWAY NORWEGIAN HYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE (NHS) 1. General The Norwegian Hydrographic Service (NHS) is responsible for the provision of hydrographic services for Norwegian waters and sea areas, including the Svalbard and Jan Mayen area. In Antarctica the Norwegian geographical area of interest mainly is concentrated in Dronning Maud Land (Queen Maud Land) and the adjacent Kong Håkon VII Hav (King Håkon VII Sea). Peter I Øy (Peter I Island) in the Bellingshausen Sea and Bouvetøya (Bouvet Island) are also Norwegian dependencies. However, the latter is north of the 60 parallel. In July 2008, Norway reached the goal of full ENC coverage for the Norwegian coast. Although this was a major step forwards, there still remains large areas with old data that needs to be replaced with new survey data. In addition, large areas on Svalbard remain to be surveyed and covered with ENCs and papercharts. The NHS has established a fully digital production flowline and all new products and updates are produced from a seamless Primary database. A new chart production system that enables more efficient maintenance of the ENC and chart portfolio is currently being fully implemented. The NHS intends to establish a Tracing service in 2009 and Print on Demand in 2010. Two projects are being carried out in order to develop the services including the technology needed to support it. PRIMAR International ENC service, operated by the Norwegian Hydrographic Service, now includes approx 8400 ENCs from more than 35 countries. -
An Early Sophisticated East Polynesian Voyaging Canoe Discovered on New Zealand’S Coast
An early sophisticated East Polynesian voyaging canoe discovered on New Zealand’s coast Dilys A. Johnsa,1, Geoffrey J. Irwina, and Yun K. Sungb aAnthropology Department, School of Social Sciences, and bSchool of Architecture and Planning, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand Edited by Patrick V. Kirch, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved August 19, 2014 (received for review May 9, 2014) The colonization of the islands of East Polynesia was a remarkable wide at its widest point and 76 cm at the butt end. Lashing holes episode in the history of human migration and seafaring. We around all edges have been chiseled transversely through the timber report on an ocean-sailing canoe dating from close to that time. and the canoe averages 5-cm thick at lashing holes. The internal A large section of a complex composite canoe was discovered surface is finished with regular adzing and the outside surface recently at Anaweka on the New Zealand coast. The canoe dates carefully smoothed to prevent drag through the water. The edges to approximately A.D. 1400 and was contemporary with continu- are flat and evenly finished by abrasion or possibly sawing (15, 16), ing interisland voyaging. It was built in New Zealand as an early where they were attached to adjoining parts of the canoe. adaptation to a new environment, and a sea turtle carved on its Striking features of the hull are four transverse ribs carved at hull makes symbolic connections with wider Polynesian culture intervals along the hull, and a straight longitudinal stringer or and art. -
Investigation of Weather Anomalies in the Low-Latitude Islands of the Indian Ocean in 1991 Anne Réchou, S
Investigation of weather anomalies in the low-latitude islands of the Indian Ocean in 1991 Anne Réchou, S. Kirkwood To cite this version: Anne Réchou, S. Kirkwood. Investigation of weather anomalies in the low-latitude islands of the Indian Ocean in 1991. Annales Geophysicae, European Geosciences Union, 2015, pp.789-804. 10.5194/angeo- 33-789-2015. hal-01173951 HAL Id: hal-01173951 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01173951 Submitted on 21 Oct 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ann. Geophys., 33, 789–804, 2015 www.ann-geophys.net/33/789/2015/ doi:10.5194/angeo-33-789-2015 © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Investigation of weather anomalies in the low-latitude islands of the Indian Ocean in 1991 A. Réchou1 and S. Kirkwood2 1Laboratoire de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones, UMR8105, CNRS, Météo-France, Université de La Réunion, Réunion, France 2Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, 981 28 Kiruna, Sweden Correspondence to: A. Réchou ([email protected]) Received: 15 November 2014 – Revised: 13 April 2015 – Accepted: 10 June 2015 – Published: 02 July 2015 Abstract. Temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration should be more widespread, it seems unlikely that Pinatubo measurements at meteorological stations across the southern was the cause. -
Table 1 Comprehensive International Points List
Table 1 Comprehensive International Points List FCC ITU-T Country Region Dialing FIPS Comments, including other 1 Code Plan Code names commonly used Abu Dhabi 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Aden 5 967 YE include with Yemen Admiralty Islands 7 675 PP include with Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Arch'p'go.) Afars and Assas 1 253 DJ Report as 'Djibouti' Afghanistan 2 93 AF Ajman 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area 9 44 AX include with United Kingdom Al Fujayrah 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Aland 9 358 FI Report as 'Finland' Albania 4 355 AL Alderney 9 44 GK Guernsey (Channel Islands) Algeria 1 213 AG Almahrah 5 967 YE include with Yemen Andaman Islands 2 91 IN include with India Andorra 9 376 AN Anegada Islands 3 1 VI include with Virgin Islands, British Angola 1 244 AO Anguilla 3 1 AV Dependent territory of United Kingdom Antarctica 10 672 AY Includes Scott & Casey U.S. bases Antigua 3 1 AC Report as 'Antigua and Barbuda' Antigua and Barbuda 3 1 AC Antipodes Islands 7 64 NZ include with New Zealand Argentina 8 54 AR Armenia 4 374 AM Aruba 3 297 AA Part of the Netherlands realm Ascension Island 1 247 SH Ashmore and Cartier Islands 7 61 AT include with Australia Atafu Atoll 7 690 TL include with New Zealand (Tokelau) Auckland Islands 7 64 NZ include with New Zealand Australia 7 61 AS Australian External Territories 7 672 AS include with Australia Austria 9 43 AU Azerbaijan 4 994 AJ Azores 9 351 PO include with Portugal Bahamas, The 3 1 BF Bahrain 5 973 BA Balearic Islands 9 34 SP include -
ISO Country Codes
COUNTRY SHORT NAME DESCRIPTION CODE AD Andorra Principality of Andorra AE United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates AF Afghanistan The Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan AG Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda (includes Redonda Island) AI Anguilla Anguilla AL Albania Republic of Albania AM Armenia Republic of Armenia Netherlands Antilles (includes Bonaire, Curacao, AN Netherlands Antilles Saba, St. Eustatius, and Southern St. Martin) AO Angola Republic of Angola (includes Cabinda) AQ Antarctica Territory south of 60 degrees south latitude AR Argentina Argentine Republic America Samoa (principal island Tutuila and AS American Samoa includes Swain's Island) AT Austria Republic of Austria Australia (includes Lord Howe Island, Macquarie Islands, Ashmore Islands and Cartier Island, and Coral Sea Islands are Australian external AU Australia territories) AW Aruba Aruba AX Aland Islands Aland Islands AZ Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan BA Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina BB Barbados Barbados BD Bangladesh People's Republic of Bangladesh BE Belgium Kingdom of Belgium BF Burkina Faso Burkina Faso BG Bulgaria Republic of Bulgaria BH Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain BI Burundi Republic of Burundi BJ Benin Republic of Benin BL Saint Barthelemy Saint Barthelemy BM Bermuda Bermuda BN Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam BO Bolivia Republic of Bolivia Federative Republic of Brazil (includes Fernando de Noronha Island, Martim Vaz Islands, and BR Brazil Trindade Island) BS Bahamas Commonwealth of the Bahamas BT Bhutan Kingdom of Bhutan -
Torr, 2002. Eradication of Rabbits and Mice from Subantarctic Enderby and Rose Islands. in Turning
Eradication of rabbits and mice from subantarctic Enderby and Rose Islands N. Torr Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 29, Te Anau, New Zealand. Current address: 64 Mokonui Street, Te Anau, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In 1993 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus) were eradicated from Enderby (700ha) and Rose (80ha) islands in the New Zealand subantarctic Auckland Island group. This was achieved by a widespread poison campaign followed by an intensive second phase which included hunting with a dog, spotlighting and trapping. During the poison campaign a helicopter was used to apply a cereal pelleted bait incorporating the anticoagulant toxin brodifacoum to both islands. Mice (Mus musculus), which were present on Enderby, disappeared during the poison campaign and appear to have been eradicated during this phase. The potential impacts to non-target species were assessed prior to the operation. Although the poisoning had a notable short-term impact on skua (Stercorarius skua lonnburgi) numbers there has been no obvious long-term impact on any non-target species. Rabbits and mice were the last of several introduced mammal species to be removed from Enderby and Rose. Without them the unique ecological values of these islands have a chance to recover. Keywords Eradication; rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus; mice, Mus musculus; Auckland Islands; Enderby Island. INTRODUCTION Plan for these islands, to eradicate all alien animals as soon as is feasible (Penniket et al. 1987). Goats were eradi- The Auckland Islands are an uninhabited subantarctic cated from Auckland Island between 1989 and 1991 (A. group lying 460 km south of New Zealand, at approxi- Cox pers.