Surface Temperature Field in the Crozet and Kerguelen Whaling Grounds
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Interactions of Patagonian Toothfish Fisheries With
CCAMLR Science, Vol. 17 (2010): 179–195 INTERACTIONS OF PATAGONIAN TOOTHFISH FISHERIES WITH KILLER AND SPERM WHALES IN THE CROZET ISLANDS EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE: AN ASSESSMENT OF DEPREDATION LEVELS AND INSIGHTS ON POSSIBLE MITIGATION STRATEGIES P. Tixier1, N. Gasco2, G. Duhamel2, M. Viviant1, M. Authier1 and C. Guinet1 1 Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé CNRS, UPR 1934 Villiers-en-Bois, 79360 France Email – [email protected] 2 MNHN Paris, 75005 France Abstract Within the Crozet Islands Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) longline fishery is exposed to high levels of depredation by killer (Orcinus orca) and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). From 2003 to 2008, sperm whales alone, killer whales alone, and the two species co-occurring were observed on 32.6%, 18.6% and 23.4% respectively of the 4 289 hauled lines. It was estimated that a total of 571 tonnes (€4.8 million) of Patagonian toothfish were lost due to depredation by killer whales and both killer and sperm whales. Killer whales were found to be responsible for the largest part of this loss (>75%), while sperm whales had a lower impact (>25%). Photo-identification data revealed 35 killer whales belonging to four different pods were involved in 81.3% of the interactions. Significant variations of interaction rates with killer whales were detected between vessels suggesting the influence of operational factors on depredation. When killer whales were absent at the beginning of the line hauling process, short lines (<5 000 m) provided higher yield and were significantly less impacted by depredation than longer lines. -
Towards the Trophic Structure of the Bouvet Island Marine Ecosystem
Polar Biol (2006) 29: 106–113 DOI 10.1007/s00300-005-0071-8 ORIGINAL PAPER U. Jacob Æ T. Brey Æ I. Fetzer Æ S. Kaehler K. Mintenbeck Æ K. Dunton Æ K. Beyer Æ U. Struck E.A. Pakhomov Æ W.E. Arntz Towards the trophic structure of the Bouvet Island marine ecosystem Received: 6 June 2005 / Revised: 7 September 2005 / Accepted: 14 September 2005 / Published online: 19 October 2005 Ó Springer-Verlag 2005 Abstract Although Bouvet Island is of considerable importance for Southern Ocean species conservation, Introduction information on the marine community species inventory and trophic functioning is scarce. Our combined study Bouvet Island (Bouvetøya, 54°72¢60S, 3°24¢E) is located of stable isotopes and feeding relationships shows that just south of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) and (1) the marine system conforms to the trophic pattern within the Antarctic circumpolar current (ACC, Fig. 1, described for other Antarctic systems within the Ant- Foldvik et al. 1981; Perissinotto et al. 1992). Owing to arctic circumpolar current (ACC); (2) both the benthic its geographical isolation (i.e. 2,590 km downstream of and the pelagic subsystem are almost exclusively linked the South Sandwich Islands, 2,570 km upstream of the via suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM); and Prince Edward Islands and 1,600 km north of Queen (3) there is no evidence of a subsystem driven by mac- Maud Land, Antarctica) the island represents a pristine roalgae. Bouvet Island can therefore be characterized as environment and has been identified as an important a benthic ‘‘oasis’’ within a self-sustaining open ocean case study for the conservation of intact ecosystems pelagic system. -
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Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” Jean-Philippe Palasi Director for European policy Averting global biodiversity loss Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” Can we avert global biodiversity loss ? That means addressing 5 direct causes: • Habitat destruction • Over exploitation • Pollution • Invasive species • Climate change Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” Can we avert global biodiversity loss ? That means addressing 5 direct causes: • Habitat destruction • Over exploitation • Pollution • Invasive species • Climate change Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” Can we avert global biodiversity loss ? That means addressing 5 direct causes: • Habitat destruction • Over exploitation • Pollution • Invasive species • Climate change And several root causes: • Demographic growth • Poverty • Poor governance, corruption and conflicts • Unsustainable economic models (production, Photo 1 consumption and supply chains) 4.2” x 10.31” • Lack of awareness & adequate accounting Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” Habitat destruction Climate change species confined to high altitude At 520 ppm (mid-century?) most of coral species in warm waters would scarcely support further growth. Increased droughts in the Amazon basin 2010 vegetation anomalies, Nasa Earth Observatory CC impact on species Chris Thomas (Leeds univ), Nature, 2004 « We predict, on the basis of mid-range climate-warming scenarios for 2050, that 15-37% of species (…) will be committed to exctinction » = 1 million terrestrial species by 2050 Mitigation is key: - Lower climate projections: ~18% - Mid-range: ~24% Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” - Maximum: ~35% Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” Biodiversity loss …is a defining issues of our time …is closely linked to climate change …will carry on for decades, probably centuries …can be mitigated through profound changes in our economic and social systems Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” EU action for global biodiversity Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” EU action for global biodiversity 1. -
Biological Survey of the Prince Edward Islands, December 2008
Research Letters South African Journal of Science 105, July/August 2009 317 drafted in 2006 to replace the current plan adopted in 1996; the Biological survey of the declaration of a large Marine Protected Area, including all terri- torial waters out to 12 nautical miles (nm) and extending in Prince Edward Islands, several directions to the limit of the islands’ 200-nm Exclusive December 2008 Economic Zone; and the nomination of the islands as a Natural Site to the World Heritage Convention4–8 (see also http://whc. unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1923). J. Coopera,b*, M.N. Besterc, S.L.Chownb, In the main, biological research conducted on the Prince a,d e e Edward Islands has been restricted to the larger Marion Island, R.J.M. Crawford , R. Daly , E. Heyns , d f b which supports a combined weather and research station, T. Lamont , P.G. Ryan and J.D. Shaw relieved annually.9 Visits to uninhabited Prince Edward Island occur more rarely and normally only during the annual relief voyages to Marion Island in April/May. Such visits are subject to strict controls on party size, duration and interval.4,5 In addition, A biological survey of the Prince Edward Islands took place in most physical, chemical and biological oceanographic research December 2008. The survey repeated an earlier survey of the conducted in the vicinity of the islands has been carried out populations of surface-nesting seabirds on both islands and of fur during annual relief voyages. seals (Arctocephalus spp.) and alien plants on Prince Edward The Prince Edward Islands are internationally-important Island in December 2001. -
Investigation of Weather Anomalies in the Low-Latitude Islands of the Indian Ocean in 1991 Anne Réchou, S
Investigation of weather anomalies in the low-latitude islands of the Indian Ocean in 1991 Anne Réchou, S. Kirkwood To cite this version: Anne Réchou, S. Kirkwood. Investigation of weather anomalies in the low-latitude islands of the Indian Ocean in 1991. Annales Geophysicae, European Geosciences Union, 2015, pp.789-804. 10.5194/angeo- 33-789-2015. hal-01173951 HAL Id: hal-01173951 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01173951 Submitted on 21 Oct 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ann. Geophys., 33, 789–804, 2015 www.ann-geophys.net/33/789/2015/ doi:10.5194/angeo-33-789-2015 © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Investigation of weather anomalies in the low-latitude islands of the Indian Ocean in 1991 A. Réchou1 and S. Kirkwood2 1Laboratoire de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones, UMR8105, CNRS, Météo-France, Université de La Réunion, Réunion, France 2Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, 981 28 Kiruna, Sweden Correspondence to: A. Réchou ([email protected]) Received: 15 November 2014 – Revised: 13 April 2015 – Accepted: 10 June 2015 – Published: 02 July 2015 Abstract. Temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration should be more widespread, it seems unlikely that Pinatubo measurements at meteorological stations across the southern was the cause. -
Terrestrial Invasions on Sub-Antarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands
Bothalia - African Biodiversity & Conservation ISSN: (Online) 2311-9284, (Print) 0006-8241 Page 1 of 21 Original Research Terrestrial invasions on sub-Antarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands Authors: Background: The sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (PEIs), South Africa’s southernmost 1 Michelle Greve territories have high conservation value. Despite their isolation, several alien species have Rabia Mathakutha1 Christien Steyn1 established and become invasive on the PEIs. Steven L. Chown2 Objectives: Here we review the invasion ecology of the PEIs. Affiliations: Methods: We summarise what is known about the introduction of alien species, what 1Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of influences their ability to establish and spread, and review their impacts. Pretoria, South Africa Results: Approximately 48 alien species are currently established on the PEIs, of which 26 are 2School of Biological Sciences, known to be invasive. Introduction pathways for the PEIs are fairly well understood – species Monash University, Australia have mainly been introduced with ship cargo and building material. Less is known about establishment, spread and impact of aliens. It has been estimated that less than 5% of the PEIs Corresponding author: is covered by invasive plants, but invasive plants have attained circuminsular distributions on Michelle Greve, [email protected] both PEIs. Studies on impact have primarily focussed on the effects of vertebrate invaders, of which the house mouse, which is restricted to Marion Island, probably has the greatest impact Dates: on the biodiversity of the islands. Because of the risk of alien introductions, strict biosecurity Received: 01 Aug. 2016 regulations govern activities at the PEIs. These are particularly aimed at stemming the Accepted: 05 Dec. -
The EU and Its Overseas Entities Joining Forces on Biodiversity and Climate Change
BEST The EU and its overseas entities Joining forces on biodiversity and climate change Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 8.74”, y: .18” Azores St-Martin Madeira St-Barth. Guadeloupe Canary islands Martinique French Guiana Reunion Outermost Regions (ORs) Azores Madeira French Guadeloupe Canary Guiana Martinique islands Reunion Azores St-Martin Madeira St-Barth. Guadeloupe Canary islands Martinique French Guiana Reunion Outermost Regions (ORs) Azores St-Martin Madeira St-Barth. Guadeloupe Canary islands Martinique French Guiana Reunion Outermost Regions (ORs) Anguilla British Virgin Is. Turks & Caïcos Caïman Islands Montserrat Sint-Marteen Sint-Eustatius Greenland Saba St Pierre & Miquelon Azores Aruba Wallis Bonaire French & Futuna Caraçao Ascension Polynesia Mayotte BIOT (British Indian Ocean Ter.) St Helena Scattered New Islands Caledonia Pitcairn Tristan da Cunha Amsterdam St-Paul South Georgia Crozet Islands TAAF (Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises) Iles Sandwich Falklands Kerguelen (Islas Malvinas) BAT (British Antarctic Territory) Adélie Land Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) Anguilla The EU overseas dimension British Virgin Is. Turks & Caïcos Caïman Islands Montserrat Sint-Marteen Sint-Eustatius Greenland Saba St Pierre & Miquelon Azores St-Martin Madeira St-Barth. Guadeloupe Canary islands Martinique Aruba French Guiana Wallis Bonaire French & Futuna Caraçao Ascension Polynesia Mayotte BIOT (British Indian Ocean Ter.) St Helena Reunion Scattered New Islands Caledonia Pitcairn Tristan da Cunha Amsterdam St-Paul South Georgia Crozet Islands TAAF (Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises) Iles Sandwich Falklands Kerguelen (Islas Malvinas) BAT (British Antarctic Territory) Adélie Land ORs OCTs Anguilla The EU overseas dimension British Virgin Is. A major potential for cooperation on climate change and biodiversity Turks & Caïcos Caïman Islands Montserrat Sint-Marteen Sint-Eustatius Greenland Saba St Pierre & Miquelon Azores St-Martin Madeira St-Barth. -
FEASIBILITY and DESKTOP STUDIES REGARDING HA 04 FINAL 03.1 Summary and Recommendations
FEASIBILITY AND DESKTOP STUDIES REGARDING HA 04 FINAL 03.1 Summary and Recommendations P repa red f or: P repa ra t ory C om m i s s i on f or t h e C om preh e n s i v e N u c lea r - Te s t - Ban T r e at y O rg a n i z a t i on ( C T B T O ) P rov i s i on a l T e c h n i c a l S ec ret a ri a t C T B T O , Vi e nna I nte r na ti o na l C e ntr e P . O . B ox 1 2 0 0 , W a g ra m ers t ra s s e 5 A - 1400 V i e n n a , Au s t r i a P repa red b y : M a l l i n C o ns ul ta nts L t d . 3 3 0 T em pe C res c en t N ort h V a n c ou v er B . C . V 7 N 1 E 6 C an ad a 12 A pri l 2012 Summary and Recommendations - Page 1 GLOSSARY: AC Air Conditioning ATP Acceptance Test Plan BMH Beach Manhole CAT Commission Acceptance Tests CD 1.0 Continuous Data Format and Protocol CD 1.1 Formats and Protocols for Continuous Data (CD1.1) COTS/NDI Commercial Off-The-Shelf/Non-Development Items CRF Central Recording Facility CRL Certificate Revocation List CRS Cable Route Survey CTA Cable Termination Assembly CTBT Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty CTBTO Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization (Commission) DASS Data Acquisition and Storage Segment dB Decibel dBV/µPa Decibels with respect to one volt per micro Pascal DDFI Digital Data Formatter and Interface DSA Digital Signature Algorithm DSS Digital Signature Standard ESA European Space Agency FAT Factory Acceptance Test hrs. -
First Records of Aphid-Pathogenic Entomophthorales in the Sub-Antarctic Archipelagos of Crozet and Kerguelen Bernard Papierok, Charles-Antoine Dedryver, Maurice Hullé
First records of aphid-pathogenic Entomophthorales in the sub-Antarctic archipelagos of Crozet and Kerguelen Bernard Papierok, Charles-Antoine Dedryver, Maurice Hullé To cite this version: Bernard Papierok, Charles-Antoine Dedryver, Maurice Hullé. First records of aphid-pathogenic Ento- mophthorales in the sub-Antarctic archipelagos of Crozet and Kerguelen. Polar Research, Co-Action Publishing, 2016, 35 (1), pp.28765. 10.3402/polar.v35.28765. hal-01425789 HAL Id: hal-01425789 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01425789 Submitted on 27 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Polar Research ISSN: (Print) 1751-8369 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/zpor20 First records of aphid-pathogenic Entomophthorales in the sub-Antarctic archipelagos of Crozet and Kerguelen Bernard Papierok, Charles-Antoine Dedryver & Maurice Hullé To cite this article: Bernard Papierok, Charles-Antoine Dedryver & Maurice Hullé (2016) First records of aphid-pathogenic Entomophthorales in the sub-Antarctic archipelagos of Crozet and Kerguelen, Polar Research, 35:1, 28765, DOI: 10.3402/polar.v35.28765 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v35.28765 © 2016 B. -
414 the VOYAGE of HMS CHALLENGER. Chart 2. from England
414 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Chart 2. From England to the Canary Islands; also from Cape Verde Islands towards England. 3. In. the vicinity of Lisbon. 4. In the vicinity of Madeira. 5. In the vicinity of the Canary Islands. 6. From Canary Islands to St. Thomas, St. Thomas to Bermuda, Bermuda to the Azores, Azores t' Madeira, Madeira to Cape Verde Islands; also from Cape Verde Islands towards England. 7. In the vicinity of the Virgin Islands. 8. In the vicinity of Bermuda. 9. From Bermuda to Halifax, and Halifax to Bermuda. 10. In the vicinity of the Azores. 11. In. the vicinity of the Cape Verde Islands. 12. From Cape Verde Islands to Bahia; also from Ascension to Cape Verde Islands. 13. In the vicinity of St. Paul's Rocks. 14. In the vicinity of Fernando Noronha. 15. In the vicinity of the Coast of Brazil. 16. From Bahia to the Cape of Good Hope; also from Monte Video to Ascension. " 17. In. the vicinity of the Tristan da Cunha Islands. 18. From the Cape of Good Hope to the parallel of 60° S. 19. In. the vicinity of Prince Edward and Marion Islands. 20. In. the vicinity of the Crozet Islands. 21. In the vicinity of Kerguelen Island. 22. In the. vicinity of Heard Island. 23. In. the neighbourhood of the Antarctic Circle, between the meridians of 78° and 98° E. 24. From a position in lat. 59° 56' S., long. 99° 14' E., to Melbourne. 25. From Melbourne to Sydney. 26. In the vicinity of Sydney. -
National Involvement in the Indian Ocean Region
5 December 2011 France: National Involvement in the Indian Ocean Region Bruno de Paiva Future Directions International Research Intern Indian Ocean Research Programme Key Points France has traditionally held a high degree of influence in the western Indian Ocean region and uses its cultural ties, external territories and military power to maintain its regional presence. The region is important to France, due to its strategic location and energy security needs. France’s regional influence is under threat from growing economies such as China, India and Brazil. While current French tactics will increase France’s influence in the Indian Ocean region in the short- and medium- terms, it is likely to lose influence over the longer term. Summary France has a long-standing presence in the western Indian Ocean. Despite the loss of its colonial possessions in India, Mauritius, Madagascar and the Seychelles, France retains the territories of La Réunion, Mayotte and the French Southern and Antarctic Territories. The former colony of Djibouti remains economically and militarily close to France, while relations with the United Arab Emirates have progressed to the hosting of a French military base in Abu Dhabi. For France, the Indian Ocean region – or, at least, its western reaches – continues to be of strategic importance. Over the longer term, however, the increasing interest in the region from growing economies, and the potential competition for resources and influence, may very well lead to a reduction in French influence. Analysis French Activities in the Indian Ocean Region Defence Much of France’s activities in the region have been defence related, with Paris operating a number of military bases in the region. -
Population Trends of Penguins in the French Southern Territories
Author's personal copy Polar Biology (2020) 43:835–850 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02691-6 ORIGINAL PAPER Population trends of penguins in the French Southern Territories Christophe Barbraud1 · Karine Delord1 · Charles A. Bost1 · Adrien Chaigne2 · Cédric Marteau2 · Henri Weimerskirch1 Received: 31 July 2019 / Revised: 21 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 May 2020 / Published online: 3 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract Penguins are important top consumers in marine food webs and are one of the most threatened bird families, especially by climate change and food web alterations by marine fsheries. Yet, long-term population trends are lacking or are uncertain for many populations. Seven species of penguins breeding at the French Southern Territories in the southern Indian Ocean on the Crozet, Kerguelen, Saint-Paul–Amsterdam archipelagos and in Terre Adélie/Adelie Land, Antarctica are monitored regularly. This monitoring started in the early 1950s and most populations have been surveyed during the past four years, allowing assessments of population trends. King penguins increased at nearly all breeding sites within the Crozet and Ker- guelen archipelagos. Emperor penguins have decreased at Terre Adélie/Adelie Land, with a partial recovery of the colony during the 2010s. Gentoo penguin populations at Crozet and Kerguelen are highly variable but stable. Adélie penguins have been increasing in Terre Adélie/Adelie Land. The trends in eastern rockhopper penguins vary between colonies and archipelagos. Northern rockhopper penguins have continuously decreased in numbers at Amsterdam Island, but appear to have increased at the nearby Saint-Paul Island. Macaroni penguins have frst increased and then stabilized since the 2000s at Kerguelen and are stable at the Crozet Islands.