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Invasive Species in the Pacific: a Technical Review and Draft Regional Strategy Invasive Species in the Pacific: a Technical Review and Draft Regional Strategy

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Invasive Species in the Pacific: a Technical Review and Draft Regional Strategy Invasive Species in the Pacific: a Technical Review and Draft Regional Strategy SPREP South Pacific Regional Environment Programme Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy Technically edited by Greg Sherley Published by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme with funding assistance from the Government of Australia SPREP Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Invasive species in the Pacific: a technical review and draft regional strategy / technically edited by Greg Sherley. - Apia, Samoa : SPREP, 2000. vi, 190 p. ; 29 cm ISBN: 982-04-0214-X 1. Pests - Control. 2. Pests - Integrated control. 3. Alien plants - Oceania. 4. Plant introduction - Oceania. I. Sherley, Greg. II. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). 632.9 Published in June 2000 by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme PO Box 240 Samoa website: www.sprep.org.ws Produced by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme with funding assistance from the Government of Australia Prepared for publishing by SPREP’s Publications Unit Editing and layout by Geoff Gregory, Word Therapy, Paraparaumu, New Zealand Typeset in 11/13.2 Times Roman Printed on 115 gsm Satin Matt Art by Graphic Press & Packaging Ltd, Levin, New Zealand Copies of this publication can be obtained by contacting: The Information Resource Centre Manager South Pacific Regional Environment Programme Ph: (685) 21 929 Fax: (685) 20 231 Email: [email protected] © South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2000. The South Pacific Regional Environment Programme authorises the reproduction of this material, whole or in part, in any form provided appropriate acknowledgement is given. Original text: English Contents Foreword v Draft Invasive Species Strategy for the Pacific Islands Region Compiled by Greg Sherley, Susan Timmins, and Sarah Lowe 1 Towards a regional invasive species strategy for the South Pacific: issues and options Greg Sherley and Sarah Lowe 7 Technical reviews of the status of invasive species in the South Pacific Land vertebrates as invasive species on the islands of the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme Ian A.E. Atkinson and Toni J. Atkinson 19 Preliminary review of the invasive plants in the Pacific islands (SPREP Member Countries) Jean-Yves Meyer 85 Arthropod pests of significance in the Pacific: A preliminary assessment of selected groups Gordon M. Nishida and Neal L. Evenhuis 115 Non-indigenous land and freshwater molluscs in the islands of the Pacific: conservation impacts and threats Robert H. Cowie 143 Non-indigenous freshwater fishes, amphibians, and crustaceans of the Pacific and Hawaiian islands Lucius G. Eldredge 173 iii iv Foreword This publication has been produced to conveniently 2000, for endorsement. Thus the RISS will serve as combine related documents on invasive species in a tool for guiding the RISP and SPREP member the Pacific islands for ease of reference. The pub- countries who wish to use it in deciding priorities lication contains a series of technical reviews of for in-country projects. The scope of the technical land and freshwater invasive species, non-technical reviews has been limited to the South Pacific, includ- summary of the same together with an account of ing the territorial waters of the 22 Pacific SPREP legislation about invasive species, and the path- member countries and territories. However, the del- ways by which these species gain access to coun- egates to the strategy workshop felt that the strategy tries. Also included is a draft regional strategy for was relevant to all Pacific islands and its usefulness invasive species. should not be considered restricted to only the South Pacific. The invasive species reviews were based on desk research using available literature and personal com- The review and draft strategy were restricted to ter- munications. Inevitably there will be omissions in the restrial invasive species and freshwater habitats, and reviews, but at least they may serve as a start for na- to those invasive species which pose threats to con- tional managers and policy makers in their decision- servation values of native species and their habitats. making. The scope of the reviews and the process This is because invasive species in other habitats leading to the creation of the draft regional strategy (such as the ocean) have been largely catered for were planned in collaboration with the IUCN Inva- in the PACPOL Strategy and Workplan (produced sive Species Specialist Group and noted regional by SPREP’s Pacific Ocean Pollution Prevention experts in invasive species. Programme). Also, invasive species which threaten human health and agriculture, and other economic After the technical reviews had been completed, they interests, have already received extensive funding were summarised in a paper (including sections on and mention in technical reports. By contrast, inva- legislation and ‘pathways’) which was circulated to sive species which threaten native species and their SPREP member countries together with an invita- habitats have historically received little attention or tion to participate in a workshop to draft a regional funding. Thus the focus of these technical reviews strategy to mitigate the threat from invasive species. and the RISS is on the issue of invasive species with This draft strategy is here presented verbatim from respect to the conservation of terrestrial and fresh- the workshop (except for format editing and the cor- water native species and their habitats. rection of some typographical errors). The programmes which paid the consultants who The draft strategy also meets SPREP’s obligations undertook the technical reviews of invasive species to its governing body—the SPREP Meeting—dur- in the South Pacific, the workshop which generated ing its tenth meeting in Apia, 1998, which required the Draft Regional Invasive Species Strategy, and the the Regional Invasive Species Programme (RISP) to position of Programme Officer Avifauna Conserva- produce a Regional Invasive Species Strategy (RISS) tion and Invasive Species, were funded by the Gov- through a regional workshop. The draft strategy will ernments of New Zealand and Australia. be submitted to the 11th SPREP Meeting in Guam, Tamari’i Tutangata Director South Pacific Regional Environment Programme v Acknowledgements Thanks are due to the Australian Government, which vasive Species Strategy by allowing Susan Timmins funded under its AusAID programme the technical to attend the workshop. Her expert advice and help review and regional workshop which produced the in facilitating the workshop was invaluable. NZDOC Regional Invasive Species Strategy. The New Zea- also released Dr Greg Sherley on Special Leave land Government had the foresight to fund a Pro- Without Pay to fill the POACIS position in keeping gramme Officer Avifauna Conservation and Invasive with the Memorandum of Understanding between Species (POACIS) for the south Pacific region. This it and the South Pacific Regional Environment enabled the co-ordination of the technical review and Programme. workshop and subsequent instigation of in-country Thanks are due to the authors of the review papers projects to implement the Regional Invasive Species for their co-operation in writing the papers and dur- Strategy. ing their review. Special acknowledgement is due to The International Union for the Conservation of Dr Jean-Yves Meyer and to his employer, the French Nature’s Invasive Species Specialist Group has Polynesian Government, which allowed Dr Meyer provided valuable advice in designing the technical time to write the plant review free of charge. review and helped to organise and run the Regional Finally, Mr Geoff Gregory (Word Therapy) expertly Invasive Species Strategy Workshop. Particular edited the original manuscripts to SPREP specifica- thanks in this regard are due to Ms Sarah Lowe. tions and significantly improved the quality of the The New Zealand Department of Conservation writing in the publication. The SPREP publishing (NZDOC) assisted the creation of the Regional In- team also improved the text. vi Draft invasive species strategy Draft Invasive Species Strategy for the Pacific Islands Region Written by delegates1 to the Regional Invasive Species Workshop, Nadi, Fiji, 1999 Compiled by Greg Sherley2, Susan Timmins1, and Sarah Lowe1 1Contact details may be found in Annex II 2Contact for further information on the published version: PO Box 240, Apia, Samoa. Ph: +685 21-929. Fax: +685 20-231. Email: [email protected] 1. Introduction The workshop restricted itself to invasive species Pacific island countries are particularly vulnerable to issues related to conservation of native biodiversity the effects of invasive species. After habitat destruc- on land and freshwater habitats, to the SPREP mem- tion or modification, invasive species are responsi- ber countries, and to the development of strategic re- ble for more species extinctions than any other cause. sponses. The strategy has been produced exactly as Further, the rate of extinction of native species has written by the workshop except for some formatting been higher on islands than anywhere else in the and editing of this section and the acknowledgements. world. Invasive species have also degraded native ecosystems. The strategy will be used immediately for implement- ing the Regional Invasive Species Programme (and Mitigation of the effects of invasive species on bio- other programmes administered by SPREP). It will diversity is best coordinated regionally. In
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