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Notes on the Vegetation of the Auckland Islands E GODLEY: VEGETATION OF AUCKLAND Is. 57 REFERENCES KENNY, R., and HAYMAN, N., 1962. Ecology of rocky shore organisms at Mflcquarie Island. Paci/. Sci. 16: BRODIE, J. VV., and DAWSON, E. W. (in press). Mor- 245-263. phology of North Macquarie Ridge, Nature. KNOX, G. A., 1960. Littoral ecology and biogeography BURLING, R. W., 1961. Hydrology of circumpolar waters of the southern oceans. Proc. Roy. Soc. Land. B, south of New Zealand. N.Z. D.S.I.R. Bull. 143; t52, 577-624. 1-66 (N.Z. Oceanagr. Inst. Mem. 10). CLARK, A. M., 1962. Asteroidea. B.A.N.Z.A.R. Exped. KNOX, G. A., 1963. The biogeography and intertidal Rep. (B) 9, t-t04. ecology of the Australasian coasts. Oceanogr. !lIar. D WSON, E. W., 1963. Oceanography in the Sub- BioI. Ann. Rev. 1: 341--404. antarctic. Antarctic 3; 312-314. McKNIGHT, D. G. (in press). An outline distribution of n\'\VSON, E. W., 1964. Antarctic oceanography. Antarc- the New Zealand Shelf fauna; the Echinoidea. tic 3;430-432. N.z. Oceanogr. Imt. Mem. 37. DAWSON, E. W. (in press). The marine benthic fauna McKNIGHT, D. G. (in prep.). An outline distribution of Foveaux Strait, Southern New Zealand. N.Z. of the New Zealand Shelf fauna: the Asteroidea. Oceanogr. Inst. Mem. 34. N.Z. Oceanogr. Inst. Mem. 44. DELL, R. K., 1952. Marine biology. In The Antarctic MAWSON, D., 1943. Macquarie Island. Its geography Today, ed. Simpson, pp. 129-150. Reed, Wellington. and geology. Austral. Antarct. Exped. 1911-14. Sci. DELL, R. K., 1956. The archibenthal mollusca of New Rep. (A) 5, t-t94. Zealand. Bull. Dam. Mus. 1S: 1-235. MORTENSEN,TH., 1921. Echinoderms of New Zealand DELL, R. K., 1962. New Zealand marine provinces~do and the Auckland and Campbell Islands. Part 1. they exist? Tuatara 10; 43-52. Echinoidea. Vidensk. Medd. dansk. naturh. Foren. DELL, R. K., 1963a. The littoral marine mollusca of 73, 139-t98. the Snares Islands. Rec. Dam. Mus. 4: 221-229. MORTENSEN, TH., 1925. Echinoderms of New Zeala~d DELL, R. K., 1963b. Archibenthal mollusca from nor- and the Auckland and Campbell Islands. Parts III thern New Zealand. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. Zool. -V. Asteroidea, Holothuroidea and Crinoidea. 3, 205-216. Vidensk. Medd. dansk. naturh. Foren. 79: 261--420. DELL, R. K., 1964. Marine mollusca from Macquarie MORTENSEN, TH., 1926. Goniocidaris umbraculum, a and Heard Islands. Rec. Dam. Mus. 4: 267-301. brood-pl'otecting species. N.z.J. Sci. Tech. S: 192. FELL, H. B., 1953. Echinoderms from the Subantarctic OUVER, R. L., FINLAY, H. J., and FLEMING, C. A., 1950. islands of New Zealand: Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea The geology of Campbell Island. N.Z. D.S.l.R. Cape and Echinoidea. Rec. Dom. Mus. 2: 73-111. Exped. Ser. Bull. 3: 1-62. FELL, H. B., 1962a. A dangerou3 sea-urchin. Tuatara 9, 84. PARROTT,A. W., 1958. Fishes from the Auckland and FELL, H. B., 1962b. West-wind drift dispersal of Campbell Islands. Rec. Dam. Mus. 3: 109-119. echinoderms in the Southern Hemisphere. Nature PAWSON, D. i L., 1964. A new Cidaroid from New Zea- t93, 759-761. land waters. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.z. Zool. 5: 67-70. FELL, H. B., 1962c. Native Sea Stars. Reed, Wellington. PAWSON, D. L. (in press). Echinozoa from the New FINLAY, H. J., 1925. Some modern concepts applied Zealand Subantartic, Macquarie Island, and the to the study of Cainozoic Mollusca from New ZeQ- Chatham Rise. N.Z. Oceanogr. Inst. Mem. 41. land. Verbeek Mem. Birthday Vol.: 161-172. POWELL, A. W. B., 1951. Antarctic and Subantarctic FLEMING, C. A., REED, J. J., and HARRIS, W. F., 1953. Mollusca. "Discovery" Rep. 15: 151-222. The geology of the Snares Islands. N.z. D.S.I.R. POWELL, A. W. B., 1955. Mollusca of the Southern Cape Exped. Ser. Bull. 13;1-42. Islands of New Zealand. N.Z. D.S.I.R. Cape Exped. GARNER, D. M., 1959. The sub-tropical convergence in Sa. Bull. 15: 1-152. New Zealand surface waters. N.Z.J. Geol. Geophys. POWELL, A. W. B., 1957. Mollusca of Kerguelen and 2, 315-337. Macquarie Islands. BA.N.z.A.R. Exped. Rep. (B) HOUTMAN, TH. J. (in press). Water masses and fronts 6, 107-t50. in the Southern Ocean, south of New Zealand. POWELL, A. W. B., 1961. New Zealand biotic provinces. N.Z. Oceanogr. Inst. Mem. 36. Tuatara 9: 1-S. NOTES ON THE VEGETATION OF THE AUCKLAND ISLANDS E. J. GODLEY Botany Division, D.S.l.R., Christchurch The following observations on the vegetation ALTITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION of the Auckland Islands, made between 26 December 1962 and 20 January 1963, are Hooker (1847: 2) made the following impor- additional to or amplify those of Hooker tant note on the vegetation in the north of (1847), Cockayne (1904, 1909) and Moar Auckland 1. "It is especially towards the sum- (1958a, b). mits of these hills that the most striking plants 58 ECO'LOGY OF SUBANTARCTIC ISLANDS are found, vying in brightness of colour with speciosum, Polystichum cystostegia, Ranunculus the Arctic Flora, and unrivalled in beauty by pinguis, Rostkovia magellanica, and Schizeilema those of any other Antarctic country. Such reniforme. (A larger list could be made of are the species of Gentian, and a Veronica species confined to lower altitudes.) with flowers of the intensest blue, several magnificent Compositae, a Ranu"nculus, a As most visitors to the Auckland Is. do not Phyllachne and a Liliaceous plant whose dense go far from the coast these striking endemics spikes of golden flowers are often so abundant are seldom seen and it is natural that their as to attract the eye from a considerable exceptional occurrence at a low altitude in distance. " an easily accessible position should become noted. Such a situation occurs at "Fairchild's Cockayne (1904) accepted this statement Garden", on Adams I. at the western entrance but in 1909 wrote as follows: "Although there to Carnley Harbour, described by Chapman is a well-marked zonal distribution of the vege- (1891) as follows: tation~ the majority of the species may occur at any altitude, from sea-level to the highest "It extends from the strait at the north \vest summits." And he italicised the following: end of the island along the shore to the first "It is the formations-i.e. the distinct physio- piece of bush, and thence up to and over the gnomic combinations-which mark the zones, summit of the hill-in all perhaps 400 acres- and not the occurrence of special species for one of the most wonderful natural gardens the the first time." He mentions four exceptions extra-tropical world can show." This area to this statement~ namely Grammitis pumila, of open ground can be clearly seen in Falla's Plantago aucklandica and M arsippospermum figure 12 (1948). Presumably because of the gracilis at higher altitudes, and Ranunculus exposed situation inimical to tree growth, the aucklandicus near the shore. My observations upland species have here been able to descend confirm those of Hooker as the following field to sea-level. noteS show. These points are reinforced by a perusal of the list of plants collected by Moar (1958 b). "28.12.62. We went from Ranui Cove via Meg's Hill as far as the base of Mount Eden. During this Such striking endemics as Anisotome antipoda, time we did not see Bulbinella rossii, Celmisia Celmisia vernicosa, PleurophyZZum criniferum, vernicosa or any Pleurophyllum species." P. speciosum and Hebe benthamii were not "29.12.62. Suddenly, as we climbed above the recorded from the northern coastal areas visited, scrub, we came upon many of the species that we had been seeking. We entered a New Zealand sub- and only one plant of Bulbinella rossii was antarctic species zone. Below this most of the plants observed. All these species were recorded how- had been mainland species, but now we found Hebe ever from "Adams Island", and the actual benthamii, Celmisia vernicosa and Abrotanella locality was Fairc.hild's Garden, as shown on spathulata. However not until we reached the extensive rock outcrop which forms the summit of the map given by Leamy and Blakemore Mt. Eden did we at last see Bulbinella rossii, (1960). Pleurophyllum hookeri, P. criniferum and many other sub-antarctic endemics." The northern slopes of Adams 1. should be examined further. to see whether the situation In my experience, there exists in the north at Fairchild's Garden is exceptional. The other of the Auckland Is. (if not throughout the striking occurrence at sea~level- that of whole group) a distinctive group of species BulbineZZa rossij on Enderby- I.-is discussed charac.teristic of or confined to the higher later. altitudes, and these include many of the endemics of the New Zealand subantarctic LOWLAND SCRUB AND Oreobolus LANES islands. Lowland scrub quickly replaces coastal rata I place at least 18 species in this category: forest, which is usually no more than 50 yards Abrotanella spathulata, Anisotome anlipoda, in depth even on the valley floors at the heads Bulbinella rossii, Cardamine subcarnosa, Carpha of sheltered inlets. On the steep sides of tbe alpina, Celmisia vernicosa, Gaimardia pallida V-shaped valleys scrub is at its densest (Fig. (a new record for the Auckland Is.), Geum 1) but on the long tongue of gradually rising parviflorum var. albiflorum, Hebe benthamii, land stretching inland from Ranui Cove Helichrysum bellidioides, Marsippospermum towards Mt. Eden, the vegetation is a combina- gracilis, Plantago aucklandicus, P. hooken', P. tion of two entirely different communities. GODLEY: VEGETATION OF AUCKLAND Is. 59 Coastal Rata Forest Scrub Chionochloa Tussock Grassland Fell-field FIGURE 1.
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