Winter Bird Survey of Farmland and Parkland at Balbriggan, North County Dublin

Winter bird survey of farmland and parkland at Balbriggan, North County Dublin.

Prepared by Lesley Lewis, Dick Coombes, Frank Prendergast, Paul Lynch and Brendan Black.

Report commissioned by Fingal County Council and prepared by BirdWatch Ireland

July 2020

Address for correspondence: BirdWatch Ireland, Unit 20 Block D Bullford Business Campus, Kilcoole, Co. Wicklow. Phone: + 353 1 2819878 Email: [email protected]

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ...... 2 2. Methods ...... 2 2.1 Survey area ...... 2 2.2 Field Survey methods ...... 6 2.3 Data compilation, analysis and reporting ...... 7 3. Background to species of conservation interest ...... 8 4. Survey Results ...... 9 4.1 Survey days and conditions ...... 9 4.2 Survey coverage/constraints ...... 9 4.3 Overview of species diversity and species of conservation interest ...... 9 4.4 Species diversity and frequency of occurrence per count section ...... 11 4.5 Overview of habitats ...... 15 4.5.1 Section A ...... 15 4.5.2 Section B ...... 17 4.5.3 Section C ...... 18 4.5.4 Section D ...... 20 4.5.5 Section E ...... 21 5. Survey results per study section ...... 23 5.1 Section A ...... 23 5.2 Section B ...... 24 5.3 Section C ...... 27 5.4 Section D ...... 30 5.5 Section E ...... 32 6. Discussion ...... 34 7. Acknowledgements ...... 35 8. References ...... 35 Appendix 1 ...... 37

Citation: Lewis, L. J., Coombes, D., Prendergast, F., Lynch, P. & Black, B. (2020) Winter bird survey of farmland and parkland at Balbriggan, North County Dublin. Final Report. Report commissioned by Fingal County Council and prepared by BirdWatch Ireland. July 2020.

Front cover and internal photographs: Dick Coombes.

1. Introduction

Fingal County Council is currently undertaking a feasibility study for a coastal walking and cycling route between Skerries and the Delvin river, north of Balbriggan in north County Dublin. The feasibility study will cover all lands between the railway line and the coast with the aim of identifying a preferred route option for the coastal greenway. Although located a few kilometres away from the nearest designated site for nature conservation, the impact of any potential route on designated sites and the associated species needs to be considered. While direct impacts on the birds and habitats of the islands off the Fingal coast are considered unlikely, the birds associated with these designated sites and the estuaries further south might utilise the farmland and parkland at Balbriggan during the winter months, and these potential ‘ex-situ’ impacts need to be considered. To this end, Fingal County Council commissioned BirdWatch Ireland to undertake a winter bird survey of farmland and parkland along the Balbriggan coast. The scope of works as provided by Fingal County Council is as follows:

Scope of works

1. To carry out a winter bird survey of the farmland and parkland at Balbriggan to the Delvin River. The lands are to be divided into sections and further referenced by individual field codes to provide a high level of detail for the baseline information. Every field shall be walked along its boundaries or observed from a distance with binoculars where lands are not easily accessible, and all birds present shall be recorded. The survey work shall be carried out during suitable weather conditions and range of tidal conditions.

2. To prepare a habitat map of the study area and elaborate on the suitability of these lands for the species of Conservation Concern (species featured under the qualifying interest of the Rogerstown Estuary SPA, Lambay SPA and the Skerries Islands SPA, Annex I species under the Bird Directive and the Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland).

3. Prepare maps showing the bird usage of the study area and provide a written description of how these fields are used by the species of Conservation Concern. Species of conservation concern for this study is defined as species featured under the qualifying interest of the Rogerstown Estuary SPA, Lambay SPA and the Skerries Islands SPA, Annex I species under the Bird Directive, and birds listed on Red and Amber listed of Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland (BoCCI) (Colhoun & Cummins, 2013).

The survey took place during February and March 2020 and this report presents the results of this study.

2. Methods

2.1 Survey area

The study area for the winter bird study included farmland and parkland at Balbriggan between the railway line and the coast (Figure 1). The survey area was initially divided into five sections (A- E) (Figure 2). Each section was then subdivided into individual fields or suitable habitat areas for survey (Figure 3a-3e). Although primarily a terrestrial bird survey, because the study areas bordered the coast, coastal waterbirds were also recorded where shoreline was visible.

Figure 1. Study area – Balbriggan, north County Dublin.

Figure 2. Survey area divided into six section A-E.

Figure 3a. Section A – divided into six subsections.

Figure 3b. Section B – divided into six subsections.

Figure 3c. Section C – divided into seven subsections.

Figure 3d. Section D – divided into six subsections.

Figure 3e. Section E – divided into five subsections.

2.2 Field Survey methods

Bird Counts

Two survey days were scheduled for February 2020 and four days during March 2020, equalling six survey days in total. Each survey day was scheduled, at minimum, one week apart. Survey dates were chosen based on suitable weather; for surveys to occur on dry, bright days with no more than a moderate breeze. The surveys encompassed a range of tidal conditions. Terrestrial birds are often surveyed following standard methodology adopted by the Countryside Bird Survey (e.g. Coombes et al. 2009). However, this methodology is best suited to birds of the open countryside where linear transects are walked and birds recorded in distance bands away from the line of the observer. As the current study area comprised a mixture of habitats, including shoreline, farmland, parkland, woodland and scrub, the survey was undertaken using an alternative method called the ‘parks method’ as described by Chamberlain et al. (2007). This method is considered more suitable than a line transect where a mixture of habitats and survey constraints (e.g. noise from roads) results in line transect methodology being less than

6 optimal. This survey methodology has been used previously at St Stephen’s Green (McAvoy & Crowe, 2012; Lewis & Whelan, 2016) and the Phoenix Park (Crowe, 2011).

The parks method required the observers to walk suitable routes that would enable them to record all birds within the fields/subsections. In addition to the delineated survey areas, observers also recorded birds along the adjacent shoreline wherever possible. During each count session, all fields were visited or viewed from a suitable distance, and bird counts made using a telescope or binoculars aiming to ensure complete counts of each entire field. At the start of each section count, the following data were recorded: observer name, date, section, field/subsection code, cloud, wind, rain, visibility and start and end time of the count. All birds were counted and positions of flocks or notable species recorded onto field maps. Terrestrial passerines were recorded by sight and sound (calls/songs), while waterbirds were recorded largely by the scan and look-see method (Bibby et al. 2000). Where possible, observers made a note of passerines in song. For waterbirds, whether the birds were foraging or roosting was recorded. In addition, the habitat within which bird(s) were located was recorded using the habitat coding system provided by Fossitt (2000). Any significant disturbance events that occurred during a count were noted.

Birds flying over and obviously not interacting with the survey area were recorded separately. Care was taken so as not to double count birds. Observers used their own judgement when assigning birds to boundary hedgerows as to which side of the boundary the bird is positioned, and to which subsection the bird count should be assigned to.

Habitat mapping

Overall, the site can be described as coastal, having a length of 6 km, and widths averaging 150 m at the south end (see section E) to as wide as 840 m in Section B. To aid in the understanding of bird distribution, habitats within each of the survey sections were mapped by their respective bird observers. Habitat mapping and classification followed Fossitt (2000).

2.3 Data compilation, analysis and reporting

After each field survey day, data were taken from field notebooks and entered into Microsoft Excel data sheets. At the end of the survey period, all data were compiled and validated and entered into a Microsoft Access database from where data summaries were produced.

Throughout the report text, species common names are used. The Latin names of all bird species recorded during the surveys are given in Table 4. Where other species are mentioned in the text, their Latin names are given at first mention.

3. Background to species of conservation interest

As noted in the scope of works (Section 1), an aim of the study was to assess the suitability of the survey area for species of conservation concern, defined here as:

• Annex I species under the Bird Directive (2009/147/EC),

• Red and Amber species of conservation concern in Ireland (BoCCI) (after Colhoun & Cummins, 2013),

• Bird species featured as Special Conservation Interests (SCIs) for Rogerstown Estuary, Lambay Island and the Skerries Islands Special Protection Areas (SPA (Table 1).

Table 1. Special Conservation Interest species for Rogerstown Estuary, Lambay Island and Skerries Islands SPAs. SPA site codes are given in the table heading. Special Conservation Interests (SCIs) Rogerstown Lambay Island SPA Skerries Islands SPA Estuary SPA (4015) (4069) (4122) Greylag Goose Anser anser √ √ Light-bellied Brent Goose Branta bernicla hrota √ √ Shelduck Tadorna tadorna √ Shoveler Anas clypeata √ Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis √ Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo √ √ Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis √ √ Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula √ Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola √ Knot Calidris canutus √ Dunlin Calidris alpina √ Purple Sandpiper Calidris maritima √ Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa √ Redshank Tringa totanus √ Turnstone Arenaria interpres √ Razorbill Alca torda √ Guillemot Uria aalge √ Puffin Fratercula arctica √ Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla √ Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus √ Herring Gull Larus argentatus √ √ Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla √

4. Survey Results

4.1 Survey days and conditions

Two survey days were scheduled for February and four days for March 2020, equalling six survey days in total. In practice however, and due to time and weather constraints, three of the scheduled survey dates took place over two consecutive days (Table 2). All surveys were completed in favourable weather conditions.

Table 2. Summary of completed survey dates (Tidal times given for Dublin Port). Visit Survey dates Start/end time Cloud % Rain Wind Tide time (HT/LT) 1 17.02.20 14.00/16.45 0 - 66 None/showers Breezy 11.50 (LT) 2 24.02.20 09.00/13.55 66 - 100 None/drizzle Breezy 12.11 (HT) 3 01.03.20 09.10/11.05 0 - 33 None Breezy 09.02 (LT) 3 02.03.20 09.00/12.00 0 - 33 None Calm-light breeze 09.51 (LT) 4 08.03.20 09.10/12.15 34 - 66 None Calm-light breeze 10.26 (HT) 5 15.03.20 08.40/10.40 0 - 33 None Light breeze 09.08 (LT) 5 16.03.20 09.25/12.30 0 - 33 None Light breeze 10.12 (LT) 6 22.03.20 08.50/11.15 0 - 33 None Light breeze 10.50 (HT) 6 23.03.20 07.15/12.15 0 - 33 None Light breeze 11.21 (HT)

4.2 Survey coverage/constraints

While every effort was made to survey each area in full, observers found that several fields/count areas were inaccessible for various reasons such as no access (e.g. A1/A3 access flooded by a river during February) or no access due to private gardens (D1, D2, D6, E2). Where possible these areas were surveyed from a distance (Table 3).

Table 3. Count cover of sections and fields Visit Fields with minimal cover Fields with no cover/no access 1 A1, A3 A2, D1, D2, D6, E2 2 A1, A2, A3, D1, D2, D6, E2 3 D6, E2 D1, D2 4 D1, D2, D6, E2 A3 5 D1, D2, D6, E2 6 D1, D2, D6, E2

4.3 Overview of species diversity and species of conservation interest

A total of 68 bird species were recorded within the entire survey area between 17th February and 23rd March 2020 (Table 4). The total species list includes three species listed on Annex I of the EU Bird’s Directive (Great Northern Diver, Merlin and Golden Plover) and 32 species that are listed on the Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland (Colhoun & Cummins 2013), including 11 that are Red-listed and are of highest concern (‘R’ in Table

4), and a further 21 species that are Amber-listed (‘A’ in Table 4). The species list also includes 11 waterbird species listed as Special Conservation Interests (SCIs) for nearby Special Protection Areas (Rogerstown Estuary SPA, Lambay Island SPA and Skerries Islands SPA).

Table 4. Species recorded during the Balbriggan winter bird surveys February – March 2020. The table highlights Annex I species (EU Bird’s Directive) and Red and Amber-listed species under ‘Birds of Conservation Concern’ (BoCCI) (Colhoun & Cummins 2013). * denotes a bird species listed as a Special Conservation Interest (SCI) for Rogerstown Estuary SPA, Lambay Island SPA or Skerries Islands SPA. Annex BoCCI Section Section Section Section Section Common name Latin name I 2013 A B C D E Mute Swan Cygnus olor A √ Light-bellied Brent Goose* Branta bernicla hrota A √ √ √ √ √ Mallard Anas platyrhynchos √ Common Scoter Melanitta nigra R √ Pheasant Phasianus colchicus √ Great Northern Diver Gavia immer √ √ Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus A √ Fulmar* Fulmarus glacialis √ √ Cormorant* Phalacrocorax carbo A √ √ √ √ Grey Heron Ardea cinerea √ √ √ Buzzard Buteo buteo √ √ Kestrel Falco tinnunculus A √ Merlin Falco columbarius √ A √ √ Moorhen Gallinula chloropus √ Haematopus Oystercatcher ostralegus A √ √ √ √ Ringed Plover* Charadrius hiaticula √ √ Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria √ R √ √ √ Grey Plover* Pluvialis squatarola A √ √ Lapwing Vanellus vanellus R √ √ √ √ Purple Sandpiper* Calidris maritima √ √ √ Dunlin* Calidris alpina R √ √ √ Snipe Gallinago gallinago A √ √ Curlew Numenius arquata R √ √ √ √ √ Greenshank Tringa nebularia √ √ √ Redshank* Tringa totanus R √ √ √ √ √ Turnstone* Arenaria interpres √ √ √ √ Chroicocephalus Black-headed Gull ridibundus R √ √ √ Lesser Black-backed Gull* Larus fuscus A √ Herring Gull* Larus argentatus R √ √ √ √ Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus A √ √ √ √ √ Feral Pigeon Columba livia √ √ Stock Dove Columba oenas A √ Woodpigeon Columba palumbus √ √ √ √ √ Streptopelia Collared Dove decaocto √ Magpie Pica pica √ √ √ √ Jackdaw Corvus monedula √ √ √ Rook Corvus frugilegus √ √ √ √ Hooded Crow Corvus cornix √ √ √ √ √ Goldcrest Regulus regulus A √ √ Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus √ √ √ √ Great Tit Parus major √ √ √ √

Coal Tit Periparus ater √ Skylark Alauda arvensis A √ √ √ √ Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus √ Phylloscopus Chiffchaff collybita √ Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla √ Troglodytes Wren troglodytes √ √ √ √ √ Starling Sturnus vulgaris A √ √ √ √ Blackbird Turdus merula √ √ √ √ √ Fieldfare Turdus pilaris √ Song Thrush Turdus philomelos √ √ √ √ Redwing Turdus iliacus √ Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus A √ Robin Erithacus rubecula A √ √ √ √ √ Stonechat Saxicola torquatus A √ √ √ √ √ Dunnock Prunella modularis √ √ √ √ √ House Sparrow Passer domesticus A √ √ √ √ Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea R √ √ √ Pied Wagtail Motacilla alba √ √ √ √ √ Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis R √ √ √ √ √ Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus √ Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs √ √ √ √ Greenfinch Chloris chloris A √ √ Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis √ √ √ √ √ Linnet Carduelis cannabina A √ √ √ √ Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula √ √ √ Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella R √ √ √ Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus √ √ √ √

4.4 Species diversity and frequency of occurrence per count section

Avian species richness (total number of species) per survey section ranged from 48 species (Section A) to 31 species (Section E) (Figure 4).

Figure 4. Total number of species recorded per survey section.

Table 5 shows bird species frequency of occurrence for each section, as well as the overall frequency of occurrence which was calculated as the percentage of total visits across all sections in which a species was recorded. This shows that Blackbird was the most frequently occurring species, closely followed by Wren. Dunnock, Hooded Crow and Robin occurred in over 80% of visits across all sections. In contrast, 18 species were recorded on one visit only, including waterbirds observed on the sea such as Common Scoter and Great Crested Grebe, the bird-of-prey Kestrel, and passerines Coal Tit, Blackcap and Mistle Thrush. Although outside the terrestrial survey area, of note was Redshank, a species of conservation interest, that occurred in 70% of counts along the adjacent shoreline, most frequently in association with the shoreline of Sections B and C.

Redshank Tringa totanus

Table 5. Species frequency of occurrence per section (number of visits a species was recorded in per section) and overall % frequency of occurrence which is the percentage of total counts a species was recorded in. Species name Section A Section B Section C Section D Section E Total % Occurrence Mute Swan 5 16.7 Light-bellied Brent Goose 2 1 2 3 1 30.0 Mallard 2 6.7 Common Scoter 1 3.3 Pheasant 4 13.3 Great Northern Diver 1 3.3 Fulmar 4 3 23.3 Cormorant 1 2 2 1 20.0 Grey Heron 2 3 2 23.3 Great Crested Grebe 1 3.3 Buzzard 3 3 20.0 Kestrel 1 3.3 Merlin 1 1 6.7 Moorhen 1 3.3 Oystercatcher 3 5 5 4 56.7 Golden Plover 1 1 1 10.0 Grey Plover 2 1 10.0 Lapwing 1 2 1 1 16.7 Ringed Plover 3 2 16.7 Curlew 2 5 2 1 5 50.0 Turnstone 1 4 4 1 33.3 Dunlin 3 2 1 20.0 12

Purple Sandpiper 1 1 1 10.0 Greenshank 1 4 1 20.0 Redshank 4 6 6 4 1 70.0 Snipe 5 6 36.7 Black-headed Gull 1 3 1 16.7 Lesser Black-backed Gull 1 3.3 Herring Gull 3 3 6 4 53.3 Great Black-backed Gull 1 3 5 2 1 40.0 Feral Pigeon 4 3 23.3 Stock Dove 2 6.7 Woodpigeon 6 4 3 5 5 76.7 Collared Dove 1 3.3 Magpie 1 2 3 4 33.3 Jackdaw 1 2 1 13.3 Rook 4 6 4 2 53.3 Hooded Crow 6 6 3 6 4 83.3 Goldcrest 5 3 26.7 Blue Tit 5 3 5 5 60.0 Great Tit 2 1 1 2 20.0 Coal Tit 1 3.3 Skylark 4 3 1 6 46.7 Long-tailed Tit 1 3.3 Chiffchaff 1 3.3 Blackcap 1 3.3 Wren 6 6 5 4 6 90.0 Starling 4 2 5 4 50.0 Blackbird 6 6 6 4 6 93.3 Fieldfare 1 3.3 Song Thrush 5 6 1 4 53.3 Redwing 1 3.3 Mistle Thrush 1 3.3 Robin 6 6 5 3 4 80.0 Stonechat 3 1 4 3 3 46.7 Dunnock 6 6 4 4 6 86.7 House Sparrow 1 1 6 3 36.7 Grey Wagtail 1 1 1 10.0 Pied Wagtail 1 3 3 4 1 40.0 Meadow Pipit 6 4 3 3 5 70.0 Rock Pipit 1 3.3 Chaffinch 6 6 2 4 60.0 Greenfinch 5 2 23.3 Goldfinch 6 4 2 3 1 53.3 Linnet 6 5 5 5 70.0 Bullfinch 6 2 1 30.0 Yellowhammer 6 3 1 33.3 Reed Bunting 1 2 1 1 16.7

Overall, a total of 21 waterbird species and one seabird species (Fulmar) were recorded during the survey. Of these, 13 species occurred in both the terrestrial survey area, and along the adjacent shoreline/open water, while four species only occurred in the terrestrial area (Mallard, Moorhen, Snipe and Lesser Black- backed Gull) and nine species occurred in shoreline/open water habitats only (Table 6).

Table 6. Waterbird and seabird occurrence within terrestrial and shoreline/marine habitats of the study sections. Species Broad habitat Section A Section B Section C Section D Section E Mute Swan coastal √ Mallard terrestrial √ coastal √ √ √ Light-bellied Brent Goose terrestrial √ √ √ Common Scoter coastal √ Great Northern Diver coastal √ Great Crested Grebe coastal √ Fulmar coastal √ √ Cormorant coastal √ √ √ √ coastal √ Grey Heron terrestrial √ √ √ Moorhen terrestrial √ coastal √ √ √ √ Oystercatcher terrestrial √ √ coastal √ √ Ringed Plover terrestrial √ coastal √ Golden Plover terrestrial √ √ Grey Plover coastal √ √ coastal √ √ √ Lapwing terrestrial √ √ Purple Sandpiper coastal √ √ √ coastal √ Dunlin terrestrial √ Snipe terrestrial √ √ coastal √ √ √ Curlew terrestrial √ √ √ √ √ coastal √ √ √ √ √ Redshank terrestrial √ √ √ √ Greenshank coastal √ √ √ coastal √ √ √ √ Turnstone terrestrial √ coastal √ √ Black-headed Gull terrestrial √ √ √ Lesser Black-backed Gull terrestrial √ coastal √ √ √ √ Herring Gull terrestrial √ √ √ √ coastal √ √ √ √ √ Great Black-backed Gull terrestrial √ √

4.5 Overview of habitats

4.5.1 Section A

Section A was dominated by arable fields (BC1) bordered by either hedgerows (WL1) or treelines (WL2) (Figure 5). The fields were largely stubble at the time of survey although Fields A6 and A7 were sown. Field A3 is now built land (BL) surrounded by stone walls and access was not possible for survey. A stream (FW2) flows towards the sea along the eastern boundary of field A2. The adjacent stretch of coastline is dominated by low sedimentary cliffs, and the shoreline is comprised of sand or shingle.

LS1

WL1

LS2 BC1 Stream WL2 WL1 (FW2) WL1

WL1 BL BC1 WL1 BC1

WL1/WL2 WL1 WL1 BC1

BC1

BC1 WL2

Figure 5. Habitats present in Section A

4.5.2 Section B

Section B Fields were arable (BC1) in nature but varied at the time of survey from potato crop (B1), stubble (corn) (B3, B4) to spring sown cereals (B2). Field B4a comprised scrub (WS1). Field boundaries were largely hedgerows (WL1) (Figure 6). The adjacent stretch of coastline is dominated by low sedimentary cliffs, and the shoreline is either comprised of shingle or exposed littoral rock (LR1).

BC1

WL1

BC1 WL2

WL1 BC1

WL1 WS1

WL1

BC1 WL1

BC1

Figure 6. Habitats present in Section B.

4.5.3 Section C

In comparison with the agricultural nature of Sections A and B, Section C is largely recreational land and built surfaces. The largest ‘field’ section, C1, comprised largely parkland (amenity grassland GA2), edged by semi- natural grassland (GS) and bordered by hedgerows (WL1) (Figure 7a). Amenity grassland also dominated fields C2, C4 and C5, while C3 is the car park of Balbriggan FC (built surfaces BL3) (Figure 7b, 7c). Scrub (WS1) occurs within C6 (Figure 7c). Field C7 was a narrow strip of amenity grassland. The remainder of C7 comprised of the built surfaces and structures of Balbriggan Harbour (Figure 7d). The coastal habitats included sedimentary sea cliffs (CS1), shingle (LS1), sand (LS2) and exposed rock (LR1).

Figure 7a. Habitats present in Section C

Figure 7b. Habitats present in Sections C2, C3 and C4.

Figure 7c. Habitats present in Sections C5 and C6.

Figure 7d. Habitats present in Sections C7.

4.5.4 Section D

The northern part of Section D is dominated by private gardens (BC4) that were not accessible for survey. Other habits encountered were arable (BC1) or tilled land (BC3). The seaward side of this section was a continuation of sedimentary sea cliffs (CS1) (Figure 8a). In the mid-section, Field D3 was arable, while D4 was amenity grassland (Figure 8b). The southernmost fields were amenity grassland and private gardens (Figure 8c).

BC4

BC4 BC1/BC3

BC4

Figure 8a. Habitats present in Section D1 and D2.

GA2

BC1

Figure 8b. Habitats present in Section D3 and D4.

GA2 BC4

Figure 8c. Habitats present in Section D5 and D6.

4.5.5 Section E

The northernmost field of Section E was an arable field. E2 is a house and private garden that was inaccessible for survey. Fields E3 and E4 were improved agricultural grassland (GA1) while E5 was amenity grassland. These southernmost fields were bordered by mixed broadleaved woodland and scrub (WD1/WS1) (Figure 9).

BC1

BC4/BL3

GA1

WD1/WS1

WD1/WS1 GA2

Figure 9. Habitats present in Section E.

5. Survey results per study section

5.1 Section A

A total of 48 bird species was recorded while surveying Section A which included 14 waterbirds, one pheasant, one raptor and 32 passerine species. Of the waterbird species, four species were recorded from the shoreline/marine area only, and therefore outside of the terrestrial field sections, and six species were recorded from both the shoreline and terrestrial survey area. Of note were four species (Moorhen, Golden Plover, Lapwing and Snipe) that were only recorded from the terrestrial areas.

Table 7 shows the numbers of species of conservation concern1 in this study recorded within Section A for each of the six survey visits. Count data for all species and all surveys are shown in Appendix 1.

25 species of conservation concern were recorded within Section A which included the Annex I species Golden Plover and eight species red-listed under BoCCI (2013) (Colhoun & Cummins, 2013). A further 14 amber-listed species were recorded.

Notable observations include a flock of 450 Golden Plover roosting within Field A1 (stubble field) on the first visit (17.02.20). This was the largest terrestrial count of Golden Plover made during the entire survey. The Golden Plover roost, and the position of wader and Light-bellied Brent Goose roosts are shown in Figure 10. Snipe were recorded mostly in Field A4 (stubble), the position of the birds shown in Figure 10 (largely central) replicated on other survey visits. All Snipe were recorded foraging. Of further note was the number of Yellowhammer recorded within Section A, higher than in any other section. Field A4 recorded the single largest number of seven birds in a single visit. All Yellowhammer were recorded within hedgerows (positions too numerous to map). In addition to the species of conservation concern, the raptor Buzzard, was recorded within Section A on three survey visits, most often within Field A4.

Table 7. Numbers of species of conservation concern recorded within terrestrial and coastal habitats of Section A for each of the six survey visits. Species listed in alphabetical order. Section Broad habitat Species BoCCI 2013 Visit 1 Visit 2 Visit 3 Visit 4 Visit 5 Visit 6 A Coastal/sea Cormorant A 1 A coastal Curlew R 35 A terrestrial Curlew R 2 A Coastal/sea Great Black-backed Gull A 6 A terrestrial Goldcrest A 3 3 1 1 2 A terrestrial Grey Wagtail R 2 A terrestrial Golden Plover R 450 A terrestrial Greenfinch A 2 1 16 30 1 A Coastal/sea Herring Gull R 42 115 A terrestrial Herring Gull R 2 1 5 A terrestrial House Sparrow A 2 A terrestrial Lapwing R 1

1 Species of Conservation Concern are defined in this report as species featured under the qualifying interest of the Rogerstown Estuary SPA, Lambay SPA and the Skerries Islands SPA, Annex I species under the Bird Directive and the Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland.

A terrestrial Linnet A 36 2 35 6 38 51 A terrestrial Meadow Pipit R 5 1 14 9 26 9 A coastal Oystercatcher A 50 1 30 Light-bellied Brent A coastal Goose A 5 131 A terrestrial Robin A 4 5 12 9 9 23 A coastal Redshank R 20 55 33 A terrestrial Redshank R 1 A terrestrial Skylark A 4 3 5 3 A terrestrial Stonechat A 1 4 3 A terrestrial Stock Dove A 8 4 A terrestrial Starling A 56 52 30 64 A terrestrial Snipe A 10 41 15 55 6 A terrestrial Yellowhammer R 1 4 8 13 11 5 TOTAL NUMBERS 603 26 200 217 347 357

Figure 10. Positions* of selected notable species mapped during surveys. *Note that the size of marker is to ease visibility, and not related to the size of flock. Species Codes: CU Curlew, GK Greenshank, GP Golden Plover, HG Herring Gull, L. Lapwing, OC Oystercatcher, PB Light-bellied Brent Goose, RK Redshank, SN Snipe.

5.2 Section B

A total of 45 bird species was recorded while surveying Section B which included 17 waterbirds, three raptors (Buzzard, Kestrel and Merlin) and 25 passerines (Table 8). Of the waterbird species, eight species were recorded from the shoreline/marine area only, and therefore outside of the terrestrial field sections, and six species were recorded from both the shoreline and terrestrial survey area. Of note were three species (Light- bellied Brent Goose, Grey Heron and Black-headed Gull) that were only recorded from the terrestrial survey areas. 24

25 species of conservation concern were recorded within Section B including Annex I species Golden Plover and Merlin. In addition, the section supported a total of ten species red-listed under BoCCI (2013) (Colhoun & Cummins, 2013) and a further 15 species that are amber-listed.

Notable observations include Curlew with a peak count of 51 recorded during Visit 2. Section B was used more regularly by Curlew than any other survey section; Fields B3, B4 and B5 being used to forage and roost (Figure 11). These fields are arable but were stubble at the time of survey.

During Visit 2, a single observation was made of 70 Light-bellied Brent geese foraging in Field B1 (former crop potato field) (Figure 12). Fields B4 and B5 supported flocks of foraging Redshank during Visit 1, the fields were flooded at the time of survey. Section B (Fields B4 and B5) also supported foraging Redshank during the survey, on one occasion with a small number of Greenshank (Figure 12). A single Merlin was observed chasing a Meadow Pipit within Field B1 during Visit 3. A Grey Wagtail was observed within a ditch between Fields B3 and B4.

Table 8. Numbers of species of conservation concern recorded within terrestrial and coastal habitats of Section B for each of the six survey visits. Species listed in alphabetical order. Section Broad habitat Species BoCCI 2013 Visit 1 Visit 2 Visit 3 Visit 4 Visit 5 Visit 6 B terrestrial Black-headed Gull R 1 B coastal Cormorant A 4 13 B coastal Curlew R 29 B terrestrial Curlew R 20 51 1 1 4 B coastal Dunlin R 10 1 19 B coastal Great Black-backed Gull A 4 1 B terrestrial Great Black-backed Gull A 3 B terrestrial Goldcrest A 1 2 1 B terrestrial Grey Wagtail R 1 B coastal Golden Plover R 200 B terrestrial Greenfinch A 1 7 B coastal Grey Plover A 1 5 B coastal Herring Gull R 125 B terrestrial Herring Gull R 5 19 6 B terrestrial House Sparrow A 1 B terrestrial Kestrel A 1 B coastal Lapwing R 50 B terrestrial Lapwing R 1 B terrestrial Linnet A 46 5 34 19 23 B terrestrial Merlin A 1 B terrestrial Meadow Pipit R 6 8 6 3 B coastal Oystercatcher A 1 14 30 69 49 Light-bellied Brent B terrestrial Goose A 70 B terrestrial Robin A 3 3 14 10 12 9 B coastal Redshank R 6 20 14 9 B terrestrial Redshank R 46 4 22 4 B terrestrial Skylark A 2 1 4

B terrestrial Stonechat A 1 B coastal Starling A 30 B terrestrial Starling A 28 B terrestrial Yellowhammer R 6 1 4 TOTAL NUMBERS 402 218 88 149 64 305

Figure 11. Positions of Curlew (CU) mapped during surveys. *Note that the size of marker is to ease visibility, and not related to the size of flock.

Grey Wagtail

Figure 12. Positions* of selected notable species mapped during surveys. *Note that the size of marker is to ease visibility, and not related to the size of flock. Species Codes: CA Cormorant, DN Dunlin, GK Greenshank, GP Golden Plover, OC Oystercatcher, RK Redshank.

5.3 Section C

A total of 42 bird species was recorded while surveying Section C which included 16 waterbirds and 26 passerines. Of the waterbird species, eight species were recorded from the shoreline/marine area only, and therefore outside of the terrestrial field sections, and six species were recorded from both the shoreline and terrestrial survey area. Of note were two species (Golden Plover and Curlew) that were only recorded from the terrestrial survey areas.

20 species of conservation concern were recorded within Section C including the Annex I species Golden Plover. The section supported a total of nine species red-listed under BoCCI 2013 (Colhoun & Cummins, 2013) and a further 11 species that are amber-listed (Table 9).

The red-listed wader, Curlew, was observed within Field C1 on two survey occasions (Figure 13). This species occurred in a ponded (flooded) area of the amenity grassland as shown in Figure 13; one individual on Visit 1 and 6 individuals on Visit 2. This damp area also supported other wader species such as Redshank (23 on

Visit 1, 4 in Visit 2), Light-bellied Brent Goose (69 on Visit 2), Oystercatcher (109 individuals Visit 2), Ringed Plover (35 individuals Visit 2) and gull species. The shoreline adjacent Field C1 also supported a wader roost on rocks on more than one survey visit (Figure 13). Roosting species included Dunlin, Great Black-backed Gull, Grey Plover, Greenshank, Herring Gull and Lapwing on Visit 1, and Golden Plover, Light-bellied Brent Goose, Oystercatcher, Redshank, Ringed Plover and Turnstone on Visit 4. Waterbirds of conservation concern were also recorded within Field C2 (amenity grassland), and a rocky roost site was also located off Field C4 (Figure 14). Most passerines were confined to the woodland habitat around the carpark of C3, and woodland inside the railway line. Overall Fields C5 and C6 supported fewer birds than fields further north, the scrub in the northern part of C6 perhaps most notable for numbers of passerines. Within survey area C7, birds were largely associated with the shoreline (sandy beach) and harbour area, Grey Wagtail observed within the harbour area on Visit 3 also. Waterbirds recorded here included Turnstone, Mute Swan, Herring Gull. Rook and Feral Pigeon dominated the passerines. The amber-listed Stonechat was observed on the edge of the sports field (amenity grassland) of Field C1 on Visit 1, and a pair was recorded in courtship/display within C6 on Visit 1 and Visit 6 (Figure 15). Two individuals were also recorded in C7 at the edge of the beach.

Table 9. Numbers of species of conservation concern recorded within Section C for each of the six survey visits. Section Broad Habitat Species BoCCI 2013 1 2 3 4 5 6 C coastal Black-headed Gull R 6 3 11 C terrestrial Black-headed Gull R 12 1 C terrestrial Curlew R 1 6 C coastal Dunlin R 129 87 Great Black-backed C coastal Gull A 2 3 5 3 5 C terrestrial Grey Wagtail R 1 C terrestrial Golden Plover R 7 C coastal Grey Plover A 2 C coastal Herring Gull R 10 2 65 5 28 22 C terrestrial Herring Gull R 32 40 2 39 17 1 C terrestrial House Sparrow A 13 10 15 18 1 14 C coastal Lapwing R 31 C terrestrial Mistle Thrush A 2 C terrestrial Meadow Pipit R 3 5 3 C coastal Mute Swan A 2 2 2 2 2 C coastal Oystercatcher A 2 43 C terrestrial Oystercatcher A 55 137 1 1 Light-bellied Brent C coastal Goose A 9 Light-bellied Brent C terrestrial Goose A 69 C terrestrial Robin A 1 1 4 1 1 C coastal Redshank R 31 5 17 C terrestrial Redshank R 23 4 3 2 3 C terrestrial Skylark A 1 C coastal Stonechat A 2 C terrestrial Stonechat A 2 1 2 C coastal Starling A 1 1 C terrestrial Starling A 7 6 19 3 TOTAL NUMBERS 150 486 127 254 62 51

Figure 13. Areas supporting significant concentrations of birds in Field C1.

Figure 14. Positions* of selected notable species mapped during surveys. *Note that the size of marker is to ease visibility, and not related to the size of flock. Species Codes: BH Black-headed Gull, HG Herring Gull, OC Oystercatcher, PS Purple Sandpiper, RK Redshank, TT Turnstone.

Figure 15. Positions of Stonechats (SC) in C1 and C6.

5.4 Section D

A total of 35 bird species was recorded while surveying Section D which included 15 waterbirds, one seabird (Fulmar) and 19 passerines. Of the waterbird and seabird species, six species were recorded from the shoreline/marine area only, and therefore outside of the terrestrial field sections, and six species were recorded from both the shoreline and terrestrial survey area. Of note were four species (Light-bellied Brent Goose, Mallard, Curlew and Lesser Black-backed Gull) that were only recorded from the terrestrial survey areas.

17 species of conservation concern were recorded within Section D. No Annex I species were recorded within this section. Section D supported a total of six species red-listed under BoCCI (2013) (Colhoun & Cummins, 2013) and a further 11 species that are amber-listed (Table 10).

The red-listed wader, Curlew, was observed foraging in amenity grassland on Visit 4 (Figure 16), the only record of Curlew either terrestrial or coastal associated with this survey section. Herring Gulls were recorded terrestrially on four survey visits. On Visit 2, 95 Herring gulls roosted centrally within Field D3 (arable) (Figure 16). On Visit 3, twelve roosted in a similar position, 51 roosted in the same place on Visit 4, and 27 roosted similarly during Visit 6. Such consistency in field use was also observed for Oystercatcher and Light-bellied Brent Goose (Figure 16 & Figure 17).

Figure 16. Positions* of selected notable species mapped during surveys. *Note that the size of marker is to ease visibility, and not related to the size of flock. Species Codes: CU Curlew, HG Herring Gull, OC Oystercatcher.

Figure 17. Positions* of selected notable species mapped during surveys. *Note that the size of marker is to ease visibility, and not related to the size of flock. Species Codes: L. Lapwing, OC Oystercatcher, PB Light-bellied Brent Goose, RK Redshank, SC Stonechat.

Table 10. Numbers of species of conservation concern recorded within Section D for each of the six survey visits. Section Broad habitat Species BoCCI 2013 Visit 1 Visit 2 Visit 3 Visit 4 Visit 5 Visit 6 D coastal Black-headed Gull R 36 D terrestrial Black-headed Gull R 1 D coastal Cormorant A 1 1 D terrestrial Curlew R 1 D coastal Great Black-backed Gull A 1 1 D terrestrial Great Black-backed Gull A 4 D coastal Great Crested Grebe A 2 D coastal Herring Gull R 3 51 D terrestrial Herring Gull R 95 12 55 27 D terrestrial House Sparrow A 1 5 9 D coastal Lapwing R 1 Lesser Black-backed D terrestrial Gull A 2 D terrestrial Linnet A 3 5 1 3 2 D terrestrial Meadow Pipit R 3 5 2 D coastal Oystercatcher A 35 5 12 D terrestrial Oystercatcher A 15 31 14 10 Light-bellied Brent D terrestrial Goose A 8 6 7 D terrestrial Robin A 2 3 3 D coastal Redshank R 2 3 6 2 D terrestrial Redshank R 3 D terrestrial Stonechat A 1 1 5 D terrestrial Starling A 27 13 17 1 TOTAL NUMBERS 243 104 118 37 43

5.5 Section E

A total of 31 bird species was recorded while surveying Section E which included 9 waterbirds, one seabird (Fulmar), one raptor (Merlin), and 20 passerines. Of the waterbird and seabird species, five species were recorded from the shoreline/marine area only, and therefore outside of the terrestrial field sections, and two species were recorded from both the shoreline and terrestrial survey area. Of note were two species (grey Heron and Snipe) that were only recorded from the terrestrial survey areas.

Fifteen species of conservation concern were recorded within Section E. One Annex I species (Merlin) was recorded within this section. Section E supported a total of six species red-listed under BoCCI (2013) (Colhoun & Cummins, 2013) and a further 9 species that are amber-listed (Table 11).

A Merlin was observed hunting over an arable field (E1) during Visit 1. Field E1 also supported foraging Curlew on four survey occasions (Figure 18). Of note, and likely related to the arable nature of the habitats, was relatively large numbers of Linnet on two survey occasions (peak number of 150). These birds foraged over arable Fields E1 and E2. Small numbers of snipe foraged with improved agricultural grassland and arable land of fields E1, E3 and E4, throughout the survey (peak number 3). A single Dunlin roosted at the edge of the arable Field E1 during Visit 1 (Figure 19).

Table 11. Numbers of species of conservation concern recorded within Section E for each of the six survey visits. Section Habitat2 Species BoCCI_13 1 2 3 4 5 6 E coastal Cormorant A 5 E coastal Curlew R 1 E terrestrial Curlew R 92 21 2 25 E coastal Common Scoter/marine R 40 E terrestrial Dunlin R 1 E coastal Great Black-backed Gull A 2 E terrestrial Linnet A 4 101 150 3 1 E terrestrial Merlin A 1 E terrestrial Meadow Pipit R 6 61 60 31 35 Light-bellied Brent E coastal Goose A 22 E terrestrial Robin A 2 6 5 1 E coastal Redshank R 5 E terrestrial Skylark A 1 4 4 13 13 8 E terrestrial Stonechat A 2 1 7 E terrestrial Snipe A 1 1 1 3 1 1 E terrestrial Yellowhammer R 1 TOTAL NUMBERS 106 26 173 270 77 93

Figure 18. Positions* of selected notable species mapped during surveys. *Note that the size of marker is to ease visibility, and not related to the size of flock. Species Codes: CU Curlew, ML Merlin.

Figure 19. Positions* of selected notable species mapped during surveys. *Note that the size of marker is to ease visibility, and not related to the size of flock. Species Codes: DN Dunlin.

6. Discussion

Recreational use of coastal and inland wetlands and adjacent habitats is widespread and increasing (Stigner et al. 2016). Recreation brings important benefits to human well-being and allowing people to experience nature in protected areas can be important in raising biodiversity awareness, as well as providing support for conservation initiatives. However, not all recreational activities are compatible with environmental management goals and where human use and biodiversity value coincide, conservation conflicts can easily arise (Redpath et al. 2013). While the Balbriggan survey scope was initially for a terrestrial bird survey, we widened the scope to include the adjacent shoreline and nearshore marine area, because, depending on where the proposed coastal greenway is located, there may be a potential for impact upon birds of these habitats too. This would particularly apply to waders roosting at high tide along the upper shoreline, which borders the eastern side of the survey area. These roosts should not be disturbed.

Overall, this survey showed that a large number and good diversity of bird species were present within the survey area during winter 2020. Of the total 68 bird species recorded, three are listed on Annex I of the EU Bird’s Directive (Great Northern Diver, Merlin and Golden Plover) and 32 species are listed on the Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland (Colhoun & Cummins 2013), including 11 that are Red-listed and are of highest concern and a further 21 species that are Amber-listed. The species list also included 11 waterbird species listed as Special Conservation Interests (SCIs) for nearby Special Protection Areas (Rogerstown Estuary SPA, Lambay Island SPA and Skerries Islands SPA). Importantly, several species listed as Special Conservation Interests (SCIs) for nearby Special Protection Areas were recorded within terrestrial survey areas, including Light-bellied Brent Goose, Dunlin, Redshank, Lesser Black-backed Gull and Herring Gull, while Annex I Golden Plover, although infrequently occurring, could occur in relatively good numbers (450 maximum recorded). The survey also recorded some coastal waterbird roost sites, some utilised on a regular basis (e.g. roost adjacent to Field C1).

Of the passerine species, Yellowhammer was particularly notable. Northwards of Section C, the fields which constitute Sections A and B are clearly the richest in terms of diversity of species and the quality of their hedgerows. This would explain the high numbers of Yellowhammer present. It is also clearly evident that the variety of species in the hedgerows is enhanced by the relative remoteness and inaccessibility attaching to this northern end of the survey area. The survey area is delimited by the railway line to the west and the maritime boundary to the east. These qualities result in near total lack of disturbance except for tillage related activities by farm machinery. It was also apparent during site survey visits that the variability in land use, being either sown with crops, lying fallow or recently ploughed had an influence on the data collected. For example, exceptional numbers of Snipe were encountered in Field A4 being fallow and with ground cover. This also favoured Skylark and Meadow Pipit, both also recorded. Moving southwards, Section C and beyond are non-agricultural sections, contains playing pitches or amenity grass. However, these areas appear to provide important winter grazing for Light-bellied Brent geese and feeding resources for Curlew and Oystercatchers. There is local movement by these three species into Sections A and B as well as towards the amenity areas located adjacent to Hampton Cove housing estate in Balbriggan.

Clearly the survey area is important for birds, both waterbird and terrestrial species of conservation concern. Proposals for a coastal greenway and associated impact assessment must therefore proceed with great care, especially as we are in a period of time when evidence of bird declines and past impacts are becoming more and more evident (e.g. Burke et al. 2018; BirdWatch Ireland, 2019). It is hoped that the results from this survey can be used as a baseline from which not only a preferred greenway route can be identified, but any future change or mitigation measures can be monitored.

7. Acknowledgements

We thank the Fingal Branch of BirdWatch Ireland who coordinated the survey and collected the data analysed in this report. The observers who participated in the fieldwork are, in alphabetical order, Brendan Black, Cathal Copeland, Belinda Connell, Paul Denny, Jim English, Barney Johnston, John Lovatt, Paul Lynch, Pat Lynders, Seamus Murray, Sean Pierce, Frank Prendergast, Patrick Veal.

8. References

Bibby, C. J., Burgess, N. D., Hill, D. A. & Mustoe, S. H. 2000. Bird Census Techniques. Academic Press. BirdWatch Ireland 2019. BirdWatch Ireland Submission to the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Culture and Heritage. July 2019. Burke, B., Lewis, L. J., Fitzgerald, N., Frost, T., Austin, G. & Tierney, T. D. 2018. Estimates of waterbird numbers wintering in Ireland, 2011/12 – 2015/16. Irish Birds 11, 1-12. Chamberlain, D. E., Gough, S., Vaughan, H., Vickery, J. A. & Appleton, G. F. (2007) Determinants of bird species richness in public green spaces. Bird Study 54, 87-97. Colhoun, K. & S. Cummins. 2013. Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland 2014–2019. Irish Birds 9, 523–544. Coombes, R. H., Crowe, O., Lauder, A., Lysaght, L., O’Brien, C., O’Halloran, J., O’Sullivan, O., Tierney, T. D., Walsh, A. J. & Wilson, H. J. 2009. Countryside Bird Survey Report 1998-2007. BirdWatch Ireland. Crowe, O. 2011. The Birds of the Phoenix Park, County Dublin: results of a survey in summer 2007 and winter 2007/08. Irish Birds 9, 209-218.

Doogue, D., Tiernan, D. & Visser, H. 2004. Ecological study of the coastal habitats in County Fingal Phase I and II. Habitats and Flora. Fingal County Council. November 2004. Fossitt, J.A. 2000. A Guide to the Habitats of Ireland. The Heritage Council, Ireland. Lewis, L. J. & Whelan, R. 2016. The birds of St Stephen’s Green, Dublin: results of a breeding bird survey in 2016. Unpublished BirdWatch Ireland report to the Office of Public Works, Kilcoole, Co. Wicklow. McAvoy, S. and Crowe O. 2012. Birds of St Stephen’s Green in autumn and winter 2012. Unpublished BirdWatch Ireland report to the Office of Public Works Kilcoole, Co. Wicklow. Redpath, S.M., Young, J., Evely, A., Adams, W.M., Sutherland, W.J., Whitehouse, A. et al. 2013. Understanding and managing conservation conflicts. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 28: 100–109. Stigner, M. G., Beyer, H. L., Klein, C. J. & Fuller, R. A. 2016. Reconciling recreational use and conservation values in a coastal protected area. Journal of Applied Ecology 53: 12-6-1214.

Appendix 1

Count data by section, field, and visit (1-6).

Section A

Section Field Species Code Habitat 1 2 3 4 5 6 Light-bellied Brent A A1 Goose PB coastal 5 131 A A1 Great Northern Diver ND coastal 4 A A1 Cormorant CA coastal 1 A A1 Oystercatcher OC coastal 1 A A1 Golden Plover GP terrestrial 450 A A1 Redshank RK coastal 55 33 A A1 Herring Gull HG coastal 42 95 A A1 Great Black-backed Gull GB coastal 6 A A1 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 4 1 2 A A1 Skylark S. terrestrial 1 A A1 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 2 A A1 Rock Pipit RC coastal 1 A A1 Pied Wagtail PW terrestrial 2 A A1 Wren WR terrestrial 6 3 2 6 A A1 Dunnock D. terrestrial 1 3 3 A A1 Robin R. terrestrial 1 3 2 3 5 A A1 Stonechat SC terrestrial 1 2 A A1 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 1 A A1 Song Thrush ST terrestrial 1 1 A A1 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 2 1 A A1 Magpie MG terrestrial 1 A A1 Rook RO terrestrial 200 6 A A1 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 3 4 7 2 A A1 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 2 2 2 5 A A1 Goldfinch GO terrestrial 3 2 A A1 Linnet Li terrestrial 6 5 13 A A2 Great Northern Diver ND coastal 1 A A2 Buzzard BZ terrestrial 1 A A2 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 2 2 A A2 Skylark S. terrestrial 2 1 3 2 A A2 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 2 4 3 3 A A2 Grey Wagtail GL terrestrial 1 A A2 Pied Wagtail PW terrestrial 2 A A2 Wren WR terrestrial 2 2 A A2 Dunnock D. terrestrial 2 2 A A2 Robin R. terrestrial 1 1 2 2 A A2 Stonechat SC terrestrial 1 3 A A2 Blackbird B. terrestrial 3 1 A A2 Song Thrush ST terrestrial 1 A A2 Goldcrest GC terrestrial 3 A A2 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 2 2 A A2 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 2 2 A A2 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 2 4 A A2 Greenfinch GR terrestrial 15 A A2 Goldfinch GO terrestrial 4 A A2 Linnet LI terrestrial 20 17 20 A A3 Pheasant PH terrestrial 1 A A3 Great Northern Diver ND coastal 6 A A3 Buzzard BZ terrestrial 1 A A3 Stock Dove SD terrestrial 2 4 A A3 Wren WR terrestrial 2 1 A A3 Dunnock D. terrestrial 2 2 A A3 Robin R. terrestrial 2 2 A A3 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1

Section Field Species Code Habitat 1 2 3 4 5 6 A A3 Goldcrest GC terrestrial 2 A A3 Starling SG terrestrial 2 A A3 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 7 A A3 Goldfinch GO terrestrial 2 A A3 Linnet LI terrestrial 30 A A4 Pheasant PH terrestrial 1 A A4 Great Northern Diver ND coastal 2 A A4 Buzzard BZ terrestrial 1 1 2 A A4 Moorhen MH terrestrial 1 A A4 Oystercatcher OC coastal 50 30 A A4 Snipe SN terrestrial 10 40 15 55 6 A A4 Curlew CU coastal 35 A A4 Redshank RK coastal 20 A A4 Redshank RK terrestrial 1 A A4 Greenshank GK coastal 8 A A4 Turnstone TT coastal 20 A A4 Herring Gull HG coastal 20 A A4 Herring Gull HG terrestrial 2 1 A A4 Stock Dove SD terrestrial 4 A A4 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 2 6 2 1 1 A A4 Skylark S. terrestrial 2 2 1 A A4 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 1 3 5 18 2 A A4 Grey Wagtail GL terrestrial 1 A A4 Wren WR terrestrial 1 1 3 2 2 A A4 Dunnock D. terrestrial 2 3 7 13 1 7 A A4 Robin R. terrestrial 2 1 2 3 4 A A4 Stonechat SC terrestrial 1 A A4 Blackbird B. terrestrial 4 5 20 1 3 A A4 Song Thrush ST terrestrial 1 1 2 1 A A4 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 1 4 2 A A4 Rook RO terrestrial 7 A A4 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 12 1 4 5 5 A A4 Starling SG terrestrial 4 34 A A4 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 2 1 3 19 4 7 A A4 Greenfinch GR terrestrial 2 1 30 A A4 Goldfinch GO terrestrial 20 10 1 4 A A4 Linnet LI terrestrial 1 11 13 18 A A4 Bullfinch BF terrestrial 2 A A4 Yellowhammer Y. terrestrial 7 2 3 A A4 Reed Bunting RB terrestrial 1 A A5 Stock Dove SD terrestrial 1 A A5 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 2 2 1 1 A A5 Wren WR terrestrial 1 1 1 2 1 A A5 Dunnock D. terrestrial 3 2 4 1 A A5 Robin R. terrestrial 1 2 2 1 2 A A5 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 1 A A5 Song Thrush ST terrestrial 1 A A5 Goldcrest GC terrestrial 2 1 A A5 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 2 1 A A5 Great Tit GT terrestrial 1 A A5 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 10 6 4 2 A A5 Starling SG terrestrial 5 A A5 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 2 3 3 A A5 Greenfinch GR terrestrial 1 A A5 Goldfinch GO terrestrial 10 3 2 5 5 A A5 Linnet LI terrestrial 1 A A5 Bullfinch BF terrestrial 4

Section Field Species Code Habitat 1 2 3 4 5 6 A A5 Yellowhammer Y. terrestrial 1 1 1 A A6 Pheasant PH terrestrial 1 A A6 Curlew CU terrestrial 2 A A6 Herring Gull HG terrestrial 1 A A6 Stock Dove SD terrestrial 1 A A6 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 1 3 2 A A6 Skylark S. terrestrial 1 A A6 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 6 3 2 A A6 Wren WR terrestrial 2 1 5 2 A A6 Dunnock D. terrestrial 1 2 5 4 1 A A6 Robin R. terrestrial 1 1 4 A A6 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 4 3 4 3 A A6 Song Thrush ST terrestrial 1 3 A A6 Redwing RE terrestrial 1 A A6 Goldcrest GC terrestrial 1 A A6 Long-tailed Tit LT terrestrial 2 A A6 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 2 4 2 A A6 Coal Tit CT terrestrial 1 A A6 Jackdaw JD terrestrial 1 A A6 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 6 2 1 2 8 A A6 Starling SG terrestrial 6 1 3 A A6 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 2 6 2 5 4 A A6 Goldfinch GO terrestrial 4 14 A A6 Linnet LI terrestrial 6 4 3 A A6 Bullfinch BF terrestrial 1 A A6 Yellowhammer Y. terrestrial 6 2 2 1 A A7 Pheasant PH terrestrial 2 A A7 Buzzard BZ terrestrial 1 A A7 Lapwing L. terrestrial 1 A A7 Snipe SN terrestrial 1 A A7 Herring Gull HG terrestrial 4 A A7 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 1 2 4 1 A A7 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 5 3 2 A A7 Wren WR terrestrial 1 5 1 7 5 A A7 Dunnock D. terrestrial 2 2 2 1 3 A A7 Robin R. terrestrial 1 2 2 3 4 A A7 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 1 2 2 2 1 A A7 Song Thrush ST terrestrial 2 A A7 Goldcrest GC terrestrial 1 A A7 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 2 2 2 1 A A7 Great Tit GT terrestrial 1 A A7 Magpie MG terrestrial 1 A A7 Rook RO terrestrial 6 1 A A7 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 2 4 4 5 4 2 A A7 Starling SG terrestrial 50 42 30 25 A A7 House Sparrow HS terrestrial 2 A A7 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 1 1 5 2 13 5 A A7 Greenfinch GR terrestrial 1 A A7 Goldfinch GO terrestrial 1 1 3 A A7 Bullfinch BF terrestrial 2 2 1 1 A A7 Yellowhammer Y. terrestrial 4 2 4 6

Section B

Section Field Species Code Habitat 1 2 3 4 5 6 Light-bellied Brent B B1 Goose PB terrestrial 70 B B1 Merlin ML terrestrial 1 B B1 Oystercatcher OC coastal 1 2 69 49 B B1 Redshank RK coastal 3 B B1 Redshank RK terrestrial 4 B B1 Greenshank GK coastal 3 B B1 Turnstone TT coastal 1 25 B B1 Herring Gull HG terrestrial 3 19 B B1 Great Black-backed Gull GB terrestrial 3 B B1 Skylark S. terrestrial 2 1 B B1 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 3 3 4 B B1 Wren WR terrestrial 1 2 1 3 1 B B1 Dunnock D. terrestrial 3 4 5 7 4 B B1 Robin R. terrestrial 2 1 1 2 B B1 Blackbird B. terrestrial 4 3 1 1 B B1 Song Thrush ST terrestrial 1 1 B B1 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 1 B B1 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 4 3 5 3 4 B B1 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 1 B B1 Greenfinch GR terrestrial 7 B B1 Goldfinch GO terrestrial 6 6 B B1 Linnet LI terrestrial 6 4 28 10 23 B B1 Yellowhammer Y. terrestrial 4 1 2 B B2 Grey Heron H. terrestrial 2 B B2 Buzzard BZ terrestrial 1 B B2 Ringed Plover RP coastal 1 1 B B2 Purple Sandpiper PS coastal 2 B B2 Dunlin DN coastal 1 B B2 Redshank RK coastal 6 14 B B2 Greenshank GK coastal 9 2 B B2 Turnstone TT coastal 27 B B2 Great Black-backed Gull GB coastal 2 B B2 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 2 1 1 B B2 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 1 B B2 Wren WR terrestrial 1 1 1 1 2 B B2 Dunnock D. terrestrial 1 1 4 1 1 B B2 Robin R. terrestrial 2 1 2 1 2 2 B B2 Blackbird B. terrestrial 19 1 8 3 3 B B2 Song Thrush ST terrestrial 3 3 4 1 2 B B2 Goldcrest GC terrestrial 1 1 B B2 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 1 2 1 B B2 Great Tit GT terrestrial 2 B B2 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 8 4 2 B B2 Starling SG terrestrial 28 B B2 House Sparrow HS terrestrial 1 B B2 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 4 6 7 6 7 3 B B2 Goldfinch GO terrestrial 3 2 B B2 Linnet LI terrestrial 3 B B2 Bullfinch BF terrestrial 1 B B2 Yellowhammer Y. terrestrial 2 B B3 Buzzard BZ terrestrial 1 B B3 Grey Plover GV coastal 1 B B3 Curlew CU coastal 6 B B3 Herring Gull HG coastal 125

Section Field Species Code Habitat 1 2 3 4 5 6 B B3 Great Black-backed Gull GB coastal 2 B B3 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 1 B B3 Grey Wagtail GL terrestrial 1 B B3 Pied Wagtail PW terrestrial 1 3 B B3 Wren WR terrestrial 2 1 1 1 1 B B3 Dunnock D. terrestrial 1 1 1 B B3 Robin R. terrestrial 1 2 2 3 B B3 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 3 6 7 7 2 B B3 Song Thrush ST terrestrial 1 1 B B3 Goldcrest GC terrestrial 1 1 B B3 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 2 1 B B3 Magpie MG terrestrial 2 B B3 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 2 1 2 B B3 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 3 6 4 2 4 B B3 Goldfinch GO terrestrial 2 2 B B3 Linnet LI terrestrial 40 1 6 4 B B3 Yellowhammer Y. terrestrial 2 B B4 Cormorant CA coastal 13 B B4 Grey Plover GV coastal 5 B B4 Dunlin DN coastal 19 B B4 Curlew CU terrestrial 1 1 B B4 Redshank RK coastal 6 B B4 Redshank RK terrestrial 43 17 B B4 Greenshank GK coastal 4 5 B B4 Turnstone TT coastal 23 B B4 Turnstone TT terrestrial 1 B B4 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 1 4 B B4 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 1 B B4 Pied Wagtail PW terrestrial 4 2 B B4 Wren WR terrestrial 2 B B4 Dunnock D. terrestrial 2 3 1 1 B B4 Robin R. terrestrial 3 3 3 B B4 Blackbird B. terrestrial 5 2 2 4 B B4 Song Thrush ST terrestrial 2 B B4 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 3 2 B B4 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 1 7 3 B B4 Greenfinch GR terrestrial 1 B B4a Ringed Plover RP coastal 20 B B4a Golden Plover GP coastal 200 B B4a Lapwing L. coastal 50 B B4a Dunlin DN coastal 10 B B4a Curlew CU coastal 23 B B4a Black-headed Gull BH terrestrial 1 B B4A Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 2 2 B B4a Wren WR terrestrial 1 2 B B4a Dunnock D. terrestrial 1 1 4 2 2 5 B B4A Robin R. terrestrial 1 3 2 2 1 B B4A Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 4 2 1 2 B B4a Magpie MG terrestrial 2 1 B B4A Hooded Crow HC coastal 1 B B4a Starling SG coastal 30 B B4A Chaffinch CH terrestrial 2 1 1 B B4A Bullfinch BF terrestrial 2 B B4a Reed Bunting RB terrestrial 2 1 B B5 Cormorant CA coastal 4 B B5 Grey Heron H. terrestrial 1 B B5 Buzzard BZ terrestrial 2

Section Field Species Code Habitat 1 2 3 4 5 6 B B5 Kestrel K. terrestrial 1 B B5 Oystercatcher OC coastal 14 28 B B5 Lapwing L. terrestrial 1 B B5 Curlew CU terrestrial 20 51 1 3 B B5 Redshank RK coastal 20 B B5 Redshank RK terrestrial 3 4 5 B B5 Turnstone TT coastal 34 B B5 Herring Gull HG terrestrial 2 6 B B5 Great Black-backed Gull GB coastal 1 B B5 Skylark S. terrestrial 4 B B5 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 2 5 1 2 B B5 Wren WR terrestrial 2 2 5 B B5 Dunnock D. terrestrial 2 2 3 6 B B5 Robin R. terrestrial 1 2 3 2 1 B B5 Stonechat SC terrestrial 1 B B5 Blackbird B. terrestrial 2 4 1 3 7 B B5 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 2 B B5 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 1 6 1 2 B B5 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 1 3 3 1 B B5 Linnet LI terrestrial 2 B B5 Bullfinch BF terrestrial 1 1

Section C

Section Field Species Code Habitat 1 2 3 4 5 6 Light-bellied Brent C C1 Goose PB coastal 9 Light-bellied Brent C C1 Goose PB terrestrial 69 C C1 Oystercatcher OC coastal 41 C C1 Oystercatcher OC terrestrial 55 109 1 2 C C1 Ringed Plover RP coastal 12 C C1 Ringed Plover RP terrestrial 35 C C1 Golden Plover GP terrestrial 7 C C1 Grey Plover GV coastal 2 C C1 Lapwing L. terrestrial 31 C C1 Dunlin DN coastal 128 87 C C1 Curlew CU terrestrial 1 6 C C1 Redshank RK coastal 17 C C1 Redshank RK terrestrial 23 4 3 2 C C1 Greenshank GK coastal 6 C C1 Turnstone TT coastal 8 C C1 Black-headed Gull BH terrestrial 11 C C1 Herring Gull HG terrestrial 38 2 7 C C1 Great Black-backed Gull GB coastal 2 C C1 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 2 C C1 Skylark S. terrestrial 1 C C1 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 3 5 2 C C1 Pied Wagtail PW terrestrial 2 C C1 Wren WR terrestrial 4 2 4 C C1 Dunnock D. terrestrial 2 C C1 Robin R. terrestrial 2 C C1 Stonechat SC terrestrial 1 C C1 Blackbird B. terrestrial 2 1 3 1 3 C C1 Blackcap BC terrestrial 1 C C1 Chiffchaff CC terrestrial 1

Section Field Species Code Habitat 1 2 3 4 5 6 C C1 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 1 3 1 C C1 Magpie MG terrestrial 1 C C1 Rook RO terrestrial 1 3 5 3 C C1 House Sparrow HS terrestrial 2 C C1 Bullfinch BF terrestrial 2 C C1 Reed Bunting RB terrestrial 2 C C2 Oystercatcher OC terrestrial 28 C C2 Black-headed Gull BH terrestrial 1 1 C C2 Herring Gull HG terrestrial 1 5 C C2 Wren WR terrestrial 1 C C2 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 1 C C2 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 2 2 C C2 Magpie MG terrestrial 2 C C2 House Sparrow HS terrestrial 3 3 9 1 C C3 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 1 1 C C3 Wren WR terrestrial 1 1 2 C C3 Dunnock D. terrestrial 1 2 C C3 Robin R. terrestrial 1 2 1 C C3 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 2 3 C C3 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 1 2 C C3 Great Tit GT terrestrial 1 C C3 Magpie MG terrestrial 2 C C3 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 1 C C3 House Sparrow HS terrestrial 1 4 2 4 C C3 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 1 1 C C3 Goldfinch GO terrestrial 5 C C4 Oystercatcher OC coastal 2 1 C C4 Purple Sandpiper PS coastal 4 C C4 Dunlin DN coastal 1 C C4 Redshank RK coastal 31 4 C C4 Redshank RK terrestrial 3 C C4 Turnstone TT coastal 7 6 4 C C4 Black-headed Gull BH coastal 1 C C4 Herring Gull HG coastal 36 C C4 Herring Gull HG terrestrial 26 1 9 12 1 C C4 Great Black-backed Gull GB coastal 2 2 C C4 Feral Pigeon FP terrestrial 4 1 C C4 Wren WR terrestrial 1 1 C C4 Mistle Thrush M. terrestrial 2 C C4 Hooded Crow HC coastal 1 C C5 Black-headed Gull BH coastal 4 C C5 Herring Gull HG terrestrial 6 23 C C5 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 C C5 Rook RO terrestrial 3 C C6 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 2 1 C C6 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 1 C C6 Wren WR terrestrial 2 3 2 C C6 Dunnock D. terrestrial 2 1 C C6 Robin R. terrestrial 1 1 C C6 Stonechat SC terrestrial 2 2 C C6 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 3 2 C C6 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 1 1 C C6 Rook RO terrestrial 4 1 C C6 Starling SG terrestrial 7 6 9 3 C C6 House Sparrow HS terrestrial 7 6 12 7 10 C C6 Goldfinch GO terrestrial 4 C C7 Mute Swan MS coastal 2 2 2 2 2

Section Field Species Code Habitat 1 2 3 4 5 6 C C7 Redshank RK coastal 1 C C7 Turnstone TT coastal 4 C C7 Black-headed Gull BH coastal 2 3 10 C C7 Herring Gull HG coastal 10 2 29 5 28 22 C C7 Great Black-backed Gull GB coastal 2 1 3 1 5 C C7 Feral Pigeon FP coastal 7 C C7 Feral Pigeon FP terrestrial 16 12 14 C C7 Grey Wagtail GL terrestrial 1 C C7 Pied Wagtail PW coastal 1 2 C C7 Stonechat SC coastal 2 C C7 Jackdaw JD coastal 1 C C7 Jackdaw JD terrestrial 2 C C7 Rook RO coastal 4 1 C C7 Rook RO terrestrial 5 C C7 Hooded Crow HC coastal 1 C C7 Starling SG coastal 1 1 C C7 Starling SG terrestrial 10

Section D

Section Field Species Code Habitat 1 2 3 4 5 6 D D1 Fulmar F. coastal 1 1 D D1 Magpie MG terrestrial 1 D D1 Jackdaw JD coastal 2 D D2 Fulmar F. coastal 3 4 3 D D2 Grey Heron H. coastal 1 D D2 Herring Gull HG coastal 51 D D2 Robin R. terrestrial 1 D D2 Rook RO terrestrial 1 D D3 Mallard MA terrestrial 2 1 D D3 Fulmar F. coastal 6 6 1 9 D D3 Redshank RK terrestrial 1 D D3 Turnstone TT coastal 15 D D3 Lesser Black-backed Gull LB terrestrial 2 D D3 Herring Gull HG terrestrial 95 12 55 27 D D3 Great Black-backed Gull GB terrestrial 4 D D3 Feral Pigeon FP terrestrial 30 3 1 D D3 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 10 4 7 D D3 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 3 1 D D3 Pied Wagtail PW terrestrial 1 1 5 2 D D3 Wren WR terrestrial 3 D D3 Dunnock D. terrestrial 1 3 1 2 D D3 Robin R. terrestrial 1 1 D D3 Stonechat SC terrestrial 3 D D3 Blackbird B. terrestrial 3 1 3 2 D D3 Magpie MG terrestrial 2 D D3 Rook RO terrestrial 1 1 D D3 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 2 2 2 1 1 D D3 Starling SG terrestrial 15 1 D D3 House Sparrow HS terrestrial 1 5 7 D D3 Goldfinch go terrestrial 10 2 D D3 Linnet LI terrestrial 5 1 3 2 D D4 Great Crested Grebe GG coastal 2 D D4 Cormorant CA coastal 1 D D4 Oystercatcher OC terrestrial 15 25

Section Field Species Code Habitat 1 2 3 4 5 6 D D4 Curlew CU terrestrial 1 D D4 Black-headed Gull BH terrestrial 1 D D4 Great Black-backed Gull GB coastal 1 D D4 Collared Dove CD terrestrial 1 D D4 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 2 1 D D4 Rook RO terrestrial 2 D D4 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 1 1 D D4 Starling SG terrestrial 12 6 D D4 House Sparrow HS terrestrial 2 Light-bellied Brent D D5 Goose PB terrestrial 8 6 7 D D5 Cormorant CA coastal 1 D D5 Grey Heron H. coastal 1 D D5 Grey Heron H. terrestrial 1 D D5 Oystercatcher OC coastal 35 5 12 D D5 Oystercatcher OC terrestrial 6 14 10 D D5 Lapwing L. coastal 1 D D5 Purple Sandpiper PS coastal 2 D D5 Redshank RK coastal 2 3 6 2 D D5 Redshank RK terrestrial 2 D D5 Black-headed Gull BH coastal 36 D D5 Herring Gull HG coastal 3 D D5 Great Black-backed Gull GB coastal 1 D D5 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 2 D D5 Pied Wagtail PW terrestrial 1 D D5 Wren WR terrestrial 1 1 1 1 D D5 Dunnock D. terrestrial 1 D D5 Robin R. terrestrial 1 1 D D5 Stonechat SC terrestrial 1 2 D D5 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 D D5 Magpie MG terrestrial 1 1 D D5 Rook RO terrestrial 6 2 D D5 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 2 D D5 Starling SG terrestrial 7 16 1 D D5 Goldfinch GO terrestrial 1 D D5 Linnet LI terrestrial 3 D D6 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 10 4 5 D D6 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 1 D D6 Wren WR terrestrial 1 D D6 Robin R. terrestrial 2 1 D D6 Stonechat SC terrestrial 1 D D6 Song Thrush ST terrestrial 2 D D6 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 2 1 1

Section E

Section Field Species Code Habitat 1 2 3 4 5 6 Light-bellied Brent E E1 Goose PB coastal 22 E E1 Cormorant CA coastal 2 E E1 Grey Heron H. terrestrial 2 E E1 Merlin ML terrestrial 1 E E1 Dunlin DN terrestrial 1 E E1 Snipe SN terrestrial 1 1 1 E E1 Curlew CU terrestrial 90 21 2 25 E E1 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 2 7 E E1 Skylark S. terrestrial 1 2 2 2 E E1 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 3 46 11 8 1 E E1 Pied Wagtail PW terrestrial 1 E E1 Wren WR terrestrial 1 1 E E1 Dunnock D. terrestrial 1 1 1 E E1 Stonechat SC terrestrial 1 E E1 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 1 1 E E1 Fieldfare FF terrestrial 2 E E1 Song Thrush ST terrestrial 1 1 E E1 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 2 1 E E1 Great Tit GT terrestrial 1 E E1 Rook RO terrestrial 1 3 E E1 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 1 2 1 E E1 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 1 E E1 Linnet LI terrestrial 4 60 150 3 1 E E1 Reed Bunting RB terrestrial 2 E E2 Wren WR terrestrial 1 1 E E2 Dunnock D. terrestrial 1 E E2 Robin R. terrestrial 1 1 1 1 E E2 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 E E2 Song Thrush ST terrestrial 1 E E2 Great Tit GT terrestrial 1 E E2 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 2 1 E E2 Linnet LI terrestrial 40 E E3 Common Scoter CX coastal 40 E E3 Fulmar F. coastal 2 2 2 E E3 Cormorant CA coastal 3 E E3 Snipe SN terrestrial 1 2 1 E E3 Curlew CU coastal 1 E E3 Curlew CU terrestrial 2 E E3 Redshank RK coastal 4 E E3 Great Black-backed Gull GB coastal 2 E E3 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 1 E E3 Skylark S. terrestrial 2 2 10 11 7 e E3 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 2 8 32 18 15 E E3 Wren WR terrestrial 2 1 1 E E3 Dunnock D. terrestrial 1 E E3 Robin R. terrestrial 1 1 E E3 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 2 1 1 1 E E3 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 1 E E3 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 1 2 E E3 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 2 E E3 Goldfinch GO terrestrial 2 E E3 Linnet LI terrestrial 1 E E3 Yellowhammer Y. terrestrial 1 E E4 Grey Heron H. terrestrial 1

Section Field Species Code Habitat 1 2 3 4 5 6 E E4 Snipe SN terrestrial 1 E E4 Redshank RK coastal 1 E E4 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 10 1 E E4 Skylark S. terrestrial 1 2 1 E E4 Meadow Pipit MP terrestrial 1 7 17 5 19 E E4 Wren WR terrestrial 1 2 1 1 2 E E4 Dunnock D. terrestrial 1 1 2 1 E E4 Robin R. terrestrial 2 E E4 Stonechat SC terrestrial 7 E E4 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 1 1 E E4 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 1 1 2 3 E E4 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 1 E E4 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 2 2 1 1 E E5 Woodpigeon WP terrestrial 2 1 5 E E5 Wren WR terrestrial 1 2 3 3 1 E E5 Dunnock D. terrestrial 1 1 1 2 E E5 Robin R. terrestrial 3 3 E E5 Stonechat SC terrestrial 2 E E5 Blackbird B. terrestrial 1 1 1 2 1 E E5 Song Thrush ST terrestrial 1 1 2 E E5 Blue Tit BT terrestrial 2 2 1 1 E E5 Great Tit GT terrestrial 1 E E5 Hooded Crow HC terrestrial 1 1 E E5 Chaffinch CH terrestrial 1 1