Archaeological assessment

Dalguise Monkstown Road Monkstown County Dublin

Planning and Development (Housing) and Residential Tenancies Act 2016 Planning and Development (Strategic Housing Development) Regulations 2017

RPS No. 870

By

Franc Myles MUBC MIAI Archaeology and Built Heritage Spade Enterprise Centre St. Paul's Smithfield Dublin 7

For Lulani Dalguise Ltd.

24 July 2019

Contents

List of figures

Introduction 1 Proposed SHD and existing site description 3 Archaeological and historical contexts 6 Projected impact of the proposed development 13 Conclusion and recommendations 15

Appendix RMP sites in vicinity of proposed development List of figures

Figures

Figure 1 Site location (ASI, Historical Environment Viewer) Figure 2 Development site (Google Earth) Figure 3 Proposed SHD masterplan Figure 4 Recorded monuments in the vicinity of the development site (ASI, Historical Environment Viewer) Figure 5 Extract from the Down Survey map 1654-56. Approximate site location circled Figure 6 John Rocque, An actual survey of the county of Dublin … 1760. Approximate site location indicated Figure 7 Ordnance Survey, Dublin, sheet 23, 1838 Figure 8 Ordnance Survey, Blackrock Township, sheet XXIII.33, 1870 Figure 9 Ordnance Survey, Dublin, sheet XXIII, 1909 Figure 10 Proposed basement layout

Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

1 Introduction

1.1 This document constitutes an archaeological assessment of a c. 3.72ha development site comprising the grounds of Dalguise, Monkstown Road, Monkstown, Co. Dublin (Figure 1). It is being submitted to An Bord Pleanála as part of a Strategic Housing Development application on behalf of Lulani Dalguise Ltd.

Dalguise lies within an extensive curtilage to the south of the Monkstown Road. The site of the proposed SHD is surrounded by modern developments, where the northern boundary (excepting the existing and proposed access routes to the Monkstown Road), is formed by the Rochestown Stream (sometimes referred to as the Monkstown Stream), which flows along the base of a steep slope. The eastern and southern boundaries are those first depicted on the Ordnance Survey in the 1830s; to the west the grounds of Carrick Brennan (which were possibly laid out at the same time as the grounds of Dalguise) have been developed for housing.

Figure 1 Site location (ASI, Historical Environment Viewer)

1.2 Dalguise is listed in the Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown Record of Protected Structures (RPS No. 870),1 where it is described as ‘House’ with an address given as Clifton Lane. The house has been heavily altered since its initial cartographic iteration on the 1836 Ordnance Survey as Richmond Cottage, with the name suggestive of a villa-style structure typical of the type of development undertaken across the area from the early nineteenth century. The property incorporates extensive mature landscaped grounds and lawns, a walled garden, greenhouse,

1 Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Development Plan 2016-2022. Appendix 4, Record of Protected Structures.

24.07.2019 1 Lulani Dalguise Ltd. Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

out-buildings and a separate coachyard. Also within the development footprint are two gate lodges, one of which served an adjacent house, Carrick Brennan.

There are no recorded archaeological monuments within the proposed SHD footprint, with the nearest relevant monuments located some 550m to the southeast within two clusters, the medieval ecclesiastical complex at Carrickbrennan and the late medieval towerhouse and settlement complex just to the south of the church.

1.3 The assessment involved a desk-based examination of the available documentary and cartographic sources relating to the site. In addition, a site inspection was undertaken on 2 July 2019 to assess the ground across the open areas and nothing of significance was noted. The assessment did not involve the excavation of archaeological test trenches, however ground investigation logs were consulted.

Figure 2 Development site (Google Earth)

24.07.2019 2 Lulani Dalguise Ltd. Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

2 Proposed SHD and existing site description

2.1 The proposed SHD comprises inter alia a scheme of eight apartment blocks arranged around the site (Figure 3). Three blocks (Blocks A, B and C) are to be located cut into the slope to the Rochestown Stream and will accommodate 23 and 32 and 32 residential units respectively. The remaining blocks (Blocks D to H) will accommodate 187 apartments around a series of landscaped communal amenity spaces, where 21 terraced and semi-detached houses are also included in the proposed scheme.

Figure 3 Proposed SHD masterplan

24.07.2019 3 Lulani Dalguise Ltd. Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

The conservation and conversion of the existing structures within the coach yard is also proposed to provide a single residential unit, where the conservation and conversion of the upper levels and west wing of Dalguise will provide a further two residential units and a crèche.

The application is described as thus:

The proposals comprise of a residential development on the lands at Dalguise House (Protected Structure RPS No. 870). The proposed development will comprise of 299 dwelling units within a site area of circa 3.72 hectares. The proposals include: • 274 apartments in a mix of 1, 2 and 3-bed units arranged in 8 no. blocks around a series of landscaped communal amenity spaces; • 21 no. terrace/semi-detached housing (18 no. houses located at the site's Southern perimeter and 3 no. houses located to the North-West of the site); • the conversion of the existing structures within the Stable Yard to the South-West of the site to 1 no. 3-bed house; • the conversion of Dalguise House to 2 no. houses & Crèche in the basement; • the conversion of the existing gate lodge to a Concierge/ Site Manager’s office; • the refurbishment of an existing single storey brick gate lodge; • the relocation and refurbishment of an existing Vinery and Greenhouse within the site; • the demolition of an existing modern dwelling, known as the White Lodge, located at the end of the Dalguise Avenue to the North-West of the site; • the demolition of a modern swimming pool structure adjoining the East wing of Dalguise House and the removal of a non-original, residential garage structure adjoining the walled garden to the South-West of Dalguise House; • circa. 234 no. car parking spaces located in basement & undercroft locations, with 62 no. surface parking spaces; • 388 bicycle parking spaces in secure basement undercroft, 205 at surface level; • residents’ Leisure Suite located on the ground floor of Block E; • associated site works including 2 no. ESB substations, plant areas, refuse storage facilities. Vehicle access and egress is facilitated at Monkstown Road. All access, landscaping, open space, servicing and associated infrastructure will be provided within the red line boundary.

2.2 The site is approached via a tree-lined extending to the south of Monkstown Road. The entrance here is marked by granite pillars inscribed with Dalguise, with fine primary iron railings and gate opening to a narrow avenue which crosses the Rochestown Stream on a modern bridge. A gate lodge to the west of the entrance appears to be derelict andhas a slightly different footprint to the structure depicted on the first edition Ordnance Survey mapping.

On crossing the stream, one approaches Dalguise along a driveway which extends diagonally across the slope, passing two further lodges. The house, situated back beyond the height up to the right, reveals itself slowly through the planting, where the stream flows along the bottom of the slope to the left within mature vegetation. Dalguise itself is being examined by ARC Architectural Consultants Ltd. and sits behind an extensive area under lawn. To the rear of the house a slight slope extends to the south, with an extensive walled garden immediately to the southeast. An access road follows the western site boundary leading to the coachyard and associated outbuildings located in the southwestern corner of the site. Where the architect of

24.07.2019 4 Lulani Dalguise Ltd. Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

Dalguise is unknown, the coachyard and the surviving greenhouse just to the east are by the partnership formed by William Mansfield Mitchell and John McCurdy.

The site boundaries are marked by mature trees and it is likely that at least some of the vegetation was planted by Joshua M. Chaytor, the occupant of Richmond Cottage in 1848 at the time of the tenement valuation.2

2 Primary Valuation of Tenements. Barony of Rathdown, parish and townland of Monkstown, 93.

24.07.2019 5 Lulani Dalguise Ltd. Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

3 Archaeological and historical contexts

3.1 Where the development site is located in an area with a relatively low density of known sites and a paucity of useful archaeological excavations, the sub-surface survival of archaeological features and settlement evidence dating to different time periods cannot be ruled out. This is especially true in the vicinity of a watercourse and in this particular case, where the site is located on what must have been a significant topographical feature, one certainly noted by John Rocque in 1760 prior to the beginnings of development in the area (see Figure 6). The presence of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers elsewhere on the Dublin Bay coastline and in the valley of the Liffey has been well established, as has the settlement of the general area throughout the remainder of the pre-historic period.

The earliest significant artefactual evidence of occupation in the vicintiy is the high cross at Blackrock with its distinctive carved head (DU023-005). Traditionally high crosses were used as boundary markers during the early medieval period mainly to delineate the territory of monasteries or ecclesiastical settlements and enclosures. This example is suggested to date from the eighth to ninth centuries and may have been used as a boundary marker for the territory or Timpeall of the ecclesiastical settlement at Monkstown, an element fossilised in the townland name.

The development site is mostly located on a townland officially designated Part of Monkstown, which with Monkstown itself, another detatched Part of Monkstown, Monkstown Housefarm (containing the ecclesiastical site) and Monkstown Housefarm (containing the castle, gatehouse and bawn) formed the demesne farm of the at the centre of the grange, which possibly had the same extent as the civil parish of Monkstown.

3.2 Where the proposed SHD site can certainly be located within a mutable archaeological landscape, there are no known archaeological monuments within the site boundary which enjoy statutory protection. The landscape itself is a relatively diffuse one in terms of archaeological sites listed on the statutory RMP (Record of Monuments and Places),3 with only eleven RMP sites within a 1km radius (see Table 1, Appendix and Figure 4).

3.3 A search of the online Excavations Bulletin for previous archaeological investigations within the immediate vicinity of the proposed SHD has produced no results (www.excavations.ie). Investigative work undertaken on the Martello tower at Seapoint (Christiaan Corlett, 03E0228) is of little relevance to the site under discussion.

3.4 The topographical files held by the National Museum have several finds from within 2000m of the proposed development. One, a stone axe (NMI 1940:49), was recovered nearby in a garden on the southern side of Monkstown Road and illustrates the potential for the recovery of pre-

3 Archaeological monuments afforded statutory protection listed on the Record of Monuments and Places, maintained by the National Monuments Service of the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

24.07.2019 6 Lulani Dalguise Ltd. Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

historic activity in the area. Further away, a bronze bell recovered near Monkstown Castle (NMI 1947:36) may indicate an early medieval ecclesiastical settlement at this location.

Figure 4 Recorded monuments in the vicinity of the development site (ASI, Historical Environment Viewer)

3.5 Prior to the arrival of the Anglo-Normans, the lands containing Monkstown were in the possession of the MacGiolla Mo Cholmóc sept; however it would apper that the monastic grange or farm was part of an earlier endowment to St. Mary’s Abbey, founded opposite Dublin on the northern bank of the Liffey opposite the Hiberno-Norse town in 1139.4 The centre of the grange was usually a defended enclosure and in this case a towerhouse within a bawn accessed through a gatehouse was constructed. St. Mary’s Carrickbrennan (as Monkstown was referred to until the sixteenth century) may have developed as a small setttlement from this, however its existing plan is a secondary iteration.

It is not clear however the extent to which the lands were cultivated, and timber may have been an important product of the grange. In 1302-03 an official, William de Moenes, charged with outfitting a fleet of ships to carry horses to the Earl of Ulster’s army in Scotland, identified St. Mary’s Carrickbrennan as a source of timber.5 The townland name Glenageary suggests additionally that the grange kept flocks of sheep. The location of the proposed development site is perhaps more significant from an archaeological perspective when the watercourse is

4Murphy, M. and Potterton, M. (eds). 2010. The Dublin region in the Middle Ages. Dublin. 68. 5 Ibid. 363.

24.07.2019 7 Lulani Dalguise Ltd. Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

considered. St. Mary’s Carrickbrennan certainly had a watermill by the first decade of the fourteenth century although its exact location is unknown.6

3.6 The grange remained in the abbey’s possession until its supression in 1539-40, after which a twenty-one year lease was granted to John Travers, master of the king’s ordnance.7 Travers lived at Monkstown Castle from 1557 to his death in 1562 and is buried in the adjacent medieval graveyard. Monkstown was inherited by James Eustace, 3rd Viscount Baltinglass through his marriage to Mary Travers, however following Baltinglass’s defeat in rebellion, Monkstown Castle was awarded to Sir Henry Wallop the vice treasurer of Ireland. The lands were later returned to Travers and on her death in 1610 the castle and lands were transferred to the Chevers family through the marriage of Mary’s sister Catherine to John Chevers. The property passed directly to his second son Henry and on his demise in 1640, the castle and lands passed to their eldest son, Walter. Walter Cheevers and family were ordered to vacate Monkstown in 1653 by the Cromwellian Commissioners and were transplanted to Killyan, County Galway. After making representations he was restored to his Monkstown estate in 1660 which he enjoyed until his death in 1678. The Down Survey mapping (Figure 5) does not depict any settlement features across the immediate area of the proposed development, where the one building depicted in the vicinity to the northeast may represent the mill.

Figure 5 Extract from the Down Survey map 1654-56. Approximate site location circled

6 Mills, J. (ed.) 1914. Calendar of the justiciary rolls, or proceedings in the court of the justiciar of Ireland, 1305-07. Vol. 2, 478. The pond which survived in Monkstown Castlefarm until relatively recently is an obvious candidate for a millpond, with the mill itself located north of today’s Mounttown Road Upper. 7 Ó Conbhuí, C. 1962. ‘The lands of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin’, in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 62C3, 57-8.

24.07.2019 8 Lulani Dalguise Ltd. Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

3.7 Monkstown remained a rural backwater throughout the eighteenth century up until the development of the harbour at Dunleary in the early years of the nineteenth. By this time the area was becoming popular with the city elites who began building summer residences across the sloping fields, in some cases within planned landscapes designed to capture the sea views. The development site can be located on Rocque’s 1760 county map where it appears as enclosed farmland, with the sharp slope to the Rochestown Stream (running along its original course) well delineated (Figure 6).

Figure 6 John Rocque, An actual survey of the county of Dublin … 1760. Approximate site location indicated

3.8 The first modern mapping of the area was undertaken by the Ordnance Survey c. 1835-6 to the scale of six inches to one mile (Figure 6). Where the Ordnance Survey can generally be expected to map surface anomalies which may have an archaeological provenance, there is nothing obviously annotated on the first edition.

The mapping suggests that Richmond Cottage and its neighbour Carrickbrennan Lodge were developed at the same time on the basis of the layout of the extensive gardens. Although the morphology of Richmond Cottage and its later iteration as Dalguise are outside the scope of an archaeological report, it would appear that it was developed from the beginning as a central component of a planned landscape, indeed one which essentially survives to this day.

24.07.2019 9 Lulani Dalguise Ltd. Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

Figure 7 Ordnance Survey, Dublin, sheet 23, 1838

The first recorded occupant of Richmond Cottage in 1837 was R. Grey, Esq.8 who was possibly the banker Robert Grey, with premises at 3 College Green. He is listed in the 1842 Gentleman's and Citizen's Almanack and again in the 1849 Dublin Almanac and General Register of Ireland as living in nearby Temple Hill.

As referred to previously, Joshua M. Chaytor was the occupant of Richmond Cottage in 1848 when the tenement valuation was undertaken. Chaytor held Richmond Cottage, its outhouses and its 3 acres, 2 roods and 12 perches from the Lords de Vesci and Longford. The property was valued at £170, with the buildings valued at £130, a substantial valuation for the period, indicative of a relatively new house of some size. Chaytor also held Drayton Lodge, Glenville, Purbeck Lodge and Heathville,9 houses constructed on the southern side of the Monkstown Road within the primary curtilage of Richmond Cottage.

At the time of his occupancy, Chaytor was a director and treasurer of the Patriotic Assurance Company of Ireland, founded in 1824 at 9 College Green10 and also directed a provisions merchant’s based in Belview off James’s Street.11 He was entered into the Dublin Guild of Merchants in 1822.12 Chaytor appears to have been something of a horticulturalist and took

8 Lewis, S. 1837. Topographical Dictionary of Ireland. Monkstown parish. 9 Primary Valuation of Tenements. Barony of Rathdown, parish of Monkstown, townland of Dunleary, 84. 10 The Freeman’s Journal, 29 September 1856. 11 Gentleman's and Citizen's Almanack 1842, 597. 12 ‘Appendix to Report from the Select Committee of Fictitious Votes, Ireland’. In Parliamentary Papers: 1780-1849, Volume 11, Part 2. London, 169.

24.07.2019 10 Lulani Dalguise Ltd. Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

several prizes at the Horticultural Society of Ireland’s 1834 show at the Rotunda. 13 Given Grey’s occupancy in 1837, it possible that Chaytor used the grounds of Richmond Cottage to undertake exotic planting prior to his own occupancy. Chaytor died at his home in April 185714 and it is likely that it was the next occupant who undertook significant work to the original structure to create Dalguise.

Sheet XXIII.44 of the Blackrock Township 5ft. mapping (Figure 8) depicts what was still Richmond Cottage in some detail in 1868.

Figure 8 Ordnance Survey, Blackrock Township, Sheet XXIII.44, 1868

In this regard, architectural drawings were prepared by Mitchell and McCurdy in 1880 and 1881 for a Miss Hart, which included the stable yard and a design for the red brick gate lodge which was exhibited in the Royal Hibernian Academy in 1881.15 Further drawings for a ‘vinery’ and greenhouse appear to match the eastern two bays of the existing structure. It is quite possible that Richmond Cottage/Dalguise had by this stage earned a reputation for its planting. The agriculturalist Sir Horace Plunkett appears to have been a frequent visitor and he overnighted at Dalguise on two occasions in 1895, visiting ‘dear old T. Fitzgerald & “Miss Minnie”’16 Three

13 For example see The Irish Farmer’s and Gardener’s Magazine, Volume 1, November 1833 to December 1834. Chaytor’s main period of horticultural excellence was in the 1850s, presumably after his retirement, where he is referred to frequently in the press as a prize winner in various competitions. 14 Dublin Evening Post, 21 April 1857. 15 The drawings are in the collection of the Irish Architectural Archive. 16 ‘1895 Diary of Sir Horace Curzon Plunkett’. National Library of Ireland, pdf accessed 23.07.2019.

24.07.2019 11 Lulani Dalguise Ltd. Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

years later Dalguise was given as the residence of the lately deceased Conway Edward Dobbs, sometime Examiner of the Landed Estates Court, who left £5462.13.1 in his will.17

It is likely that Dalguise by this stage was being rented by a succession of wealthy retirees. In 1912 for example, Amelia Kennedy, late of Dalguise, left £24005.3.2 which was later resworn to £26132.3.3.18 The 25-inch mapping of 1909 (Figure 9) depicts Dalguise over this period

Figure 9 Ordnance Survey, Dublin, sheet XXIII.44, 1909

17 Calendars of Wills and Administrations 1900, 123. 18 Calendars of Wills and Administrations 1912, 323.

24.07.2019 12 Lulani Dalguise Ltd. Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

4 Projected impact of the proposed development

4.1 The proposed SHD will require a considerable alteration of existing ground levels across the site, principally occasioned by the construction of the eight apartment blocks where there will be a further impact occasioned by the provision of service trenches, ducting and landscaping.

A ground investigation report undertaken by Ground Investigations Ireland Ltd. in September 2018 detailed the results of 7 soakaway pits and 4 cable percussion boreholes across the site. Where archaeological features are rarely, if ever, recorded in such investigations, they are useful is establishing the levels of natural undisturbed boulder clay. Here the natural subsoil appears at 200-300mm sub surface across the site. The boulder clay appears to be thinner across the slope to the stream, where shattered bedrock was located within 500mm of the surface.

On this basis, the survival of archaeological levels within the topsoil would be highly unlikely, where only features cutting the subsoil would survive. These would likely take the form of enclosure ditches which could date from any period, however the main area of occupation within the medieval grange is some distance to the southeast and any structures outside of this area would in all likelihood leave an extremely ephemeral trace.

4.2 Figure 10 below illustrates the extent of the bulk excavation required across the site. Blocks A, B and C will share a single footprint which will involve a considerable intervention into the natural slope. Similarly, Blocks D – G will share a basement level which will involve a significant bulk excavation truncating natural deposits directly to the front (north) of Dalguise. The proposed basement level will sit below and between Blocks G and F and will extend to the north and northwest to link with Blocks E and D. Basement levels are also proposed for the 21 houses included on the application.

4.3 From a visual perspective, the proposed SHD will not impact on the vista from any of the archaeological monuments in the vicinity.

24.07.2019 13 Lulani Dalguise Ltd. Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

Figure 10 Proposed basement layout

24.07.2019 14 Lulani Dalguise Ltd. Archaeological assessment Dalguise, Monkstown, Co. Dublin ______

5 Conclusion and recommendations

5.1 The site inspection, cartographic analysis and historical background would all suggest that the risk of encountering archaeological deposits or artefacts on the site is medium to low; however, the lack of any modern ground works or construction disturbance over the area to the north of Dalguise would serve to protect any sub-surface stratigraphy present.

5.2 On the basis of there being a) a Protected Structure on the site and b) the size of the area being developed (c. 3.72ha), is recommended that a licensed assessment be undertaken to identify and quantify any archaeological deposits which may have a sub-surface survival. Due to the granite bedrock underlying the site, geophysical prospection is unlikely to produce any valid responses.

The assessment will involve the excavation of trenches along the centre line of the proposed apartment blocks under licence from the National Monuments Service of the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. A report should be submitted to the NMS on completion of the test trenching for further comment.

______

Franc Myles MUBC MIAI Archaeology and Built Heritage Spade Enterprise Centre St. Paul's, Smithfield North King Street Dublin 7

24.07.2019 15 Lulani Dalguise Ltd.

Appendix

RMP sites in vicinity of proposed SHD development

RMP No. Townland Classification Description DU023-028 Newtown, Castle The present residence is shown as 'Castle Byrn' on the Blackrock 1843 OS 6-inch map (Stokes 1895, 8). A castle described in the Civil survey (1654-6) as a slated castle located at Newtown. It was held by Walter Cheevers in the Civil survey (1654-6) (Simington 1945, 267). DU023-009 Newtown, Holywell (Site of) Situated on a N facing cliff edge overlooking a grassy field Blackrock adjacent to the coastline and the railway line. A holy well consisting of a brick-built vault partially covering a chamber which leads into a lintelled recess. This originally led into a further passage, the opening to this inner passage is now blocked. The well is known as 'Tobernea'. Traditionally, the waters from the well are thought to cure sore eyes. The site is no longer venerated (O'Reillly 1902, 178-186; O'Danachair 1958, 234). DU023-048 Seapoint or Castle Site of a castle, The Down Survey (1655-6) map shows a Templehill (Unclassified) castle in the immediate area of Seapoint Station. Not precisely located. DU023-010 Seapoint or Martello Tower Situated on a small promontory to the SE of the Railway Templehill Station at Seapoint the E facing slope offers views over the coastline. A circular Martello tower with an entrance from Brighton Vale Road down to the sea. Free-standing, the tower is built of dressed granite blocks. Machicolation in place over doorway on the NW side. Stairs led to an entrance above ground floor level. A double offset or string course marks the parapet level (Turner 1983, 94). DU023-005 Newtown, Cross Situated at the S end of Blackrock Village on a plinth in a Blackrock cobbled area opposite the Bank of Ireland off Main Street. A cross comprising of an upper portion of granite cross set on a later plinth. The granite cross section measures L 0.66m, W 0.51m, T 0.20-0.24m and tapers from top to bottom. The two arms differ in size and are unaligned. On the E face is a rude carving of a human head in high relief (Healy 1958, 108-109). On the opposite face is an incised oval with three vertical lines under a horizontal band. There is a smaller oval below this. Dated to the 12th- century (Turner 1983, 69). This cross was a boundary marker on the franchises of Dublin (Clarke 2002, 12). DU023- Monkstown Church This medieval church occupies the location of an earlier 013001 Housefarm site associated with the 6th century St. Mochonna, who was attached to the early monastery of Hompatrick, Skerries (Ball 1902, 41). It was held as the chapel of Carrickbrennnan by St. Mary's Abbey in the 12th-13th centuries. After the dissolution of St. Mary's, the church and tithes were given to Sir John Travers. In 1668 Sir Edward Corker re-built the church for the parish, and further works took place in the 19th century (Turner 1983, 28-29). DU023- Monkstown Graveyard Trapezoidal walled graveyard (N-S 60.2m, E-W 68.8m) 013002 Housefarm accessed through a pointed arched gateway off the Carrrickbrennan Road, associated with DU023-013001. Contains 18th and 19th century memorials. DU023- Monkstown Charnel house The W gable of the medieval church is incorporated into 013003 Housefarm a 17th century charnel-house (Turner 1983, 28-29). The entrance doorway in the W gable is blocked, it has a round-arch with a dropped keystone under a hood- moulding of sandstone. Above the doorway is a wide round arched window with a granite sill. DU023- Monkstown Castle - Tower house of coursed granite blocks in the SW corner 014001 Castlefarm towerhouse of the bawn wall, projecting beyond it towards the road. Three storeys in height with a parapet level containing two upper battlements. In the NE corner of the N wall is an inserted doorway. The doorway opens onto a spiral stairs, under the stairs is an arched recess with shows signs of wicker-centring. The original entrance in the E wall is blocked but has a semi-elliptical head. The ground floor (L 8.7m; W 5.1m) is lit by a slit ope in the N wall. First floor is entered through a lintelled granite doorway with dressed limestone jambs. This door is

rebated with bar holes present. Interiors of first and second floors are lit by slit opes. Corbels project from the E wall on the second floor. The parapet level contains two caphouses, stepped crenellations and a wall-walk. There is a dripstone and guttering present. W section of tower lies beyond the bawn wall and is not tied into it. In the NE corner of the tower house there are chamfered limestone jambs from another building re-used as quoins (Healy 1975, 1-19; Turner 1983, 82; Harbison 1970, 79). The tower house was associated with the Cistercian grange of St Mary's Abbey. After the dissolution in the sixteenth century the lands at Monkstown were given to Sir John Travers, Master of the Ordnance of Ireland. Walter Cheevers had it in 1641, then Ludlow Cromwell, Master of the House, who is said to have repaired the castle and laid out the gardens (Ball 1902, I, 1-12). A drawing by Beranger dated 1766 shows two towers placed either end of a courtyard flanked by a multi- chimneyed mansion on the one side and a show wall on the other (Harbison 1998, 60-1). DU023- Monkstown Gatehouse The gatehouse is in the NW corner of the bawn wall 014002 Castlefarm (DU023-014003-) enclosure. It has a base batter. The masonry of the bawn wall on the N side of the gatehouse displays a series of building phases. It has a round external arch and a pointed internal arch with a wicker centred vault. There is one chamber with a parapet level above it. This chamber is lit by a single light, cusped, ogee-headed, window in the S and a plain loop in the W wall. A lintelled doorway below a pointed arch survives in the NW corner and this provided access to the upper battlements with a projecting turret in the NW angle. There are stepped crenellations. An entrance off the passageway leads into what survives of an E wing. This was lit by rectangular opes. There are some brick-faced insertions. External stairs are present in the SE corner. The site was associated with the Cistercian grange of St Mary's Abbey. After the dissolution in the sixteenth century the lands at Monkstown were given to Sir John Travers, Master of the Ordnance of Ireland. Walter Cheevers had it in 1641, then Ludlow Cromwell, Master of the House, who is said to have repaired the castle and laid out the gardens (Ball 1906, I, 1-12). A drawing by Beranger dated 1766 shows two towers placed either end of a courtyard flanked by a multi-chimneyed mansion on the one side and a show wall on the other (Harbison 1998, 60-1). DU023- Monkstown Bawn Bawn wall built of coursed granite blocks. Remaining 014003 Castlefarm section is L shaped (SE-NW c. 26m; SW-NE c. 17.5m).

© Archaeology and Built Heritage 2019