SATELLITES VS. PROBES SATELLITES
• The space age began in 1957 when the former Soviet Union used a rocket to send Sputnik 1 into space
• Sputnik – was the first artificial satellite • Satellite – any object that revolves around another object SATELLITES
• When an object enters in space it will travel a straight line unless a force acts on it such as gravity • Orbit – the curved path in which the objects travel around Earth
• Sputnik 1 – traveled for 57 days before it was brought back into the atmosphere and burned up SATELLITE USES
• Sputnik 1 – an experiment to show that objects can be put into orbit around Earth
• Today there is approximately 3,000 satellites orbiting Earth SATELLITE USES
• Communication • Transmit radio and television programs
• Gather scientific data
• Weather – constantly monitor Earth’s global patterns SPACE PROBES
• Space Probe – an instrument that gathers information an sends it back to Earth • Space probes travel far into the solar system or even out of the solar system MARINER 2
• August 1962
• Venus
• Verified high temperatures in Venus’s atmosphere PIONEER 10
• March 1972
• Jupiter
• Sent back photos of Jupiter – first probe to encounter an outer planet VIKING 1
• August 1975
• Mars
• Orbiter mapped the surface of Mars; lander searched for life on Mars MAGELLAN
• May 1989
• Venus
• Mapped Venus’s surface and returned data on the composition of Venus’s atmospher VOYAGER AND PIONEER PROBES
Voyager 1 and 2 Pioneer 10 • Space Probes Voyager • Pioneer 10 was the first 1 and Voyager 2 were probe to survive going launched in 1977 and through the asteroid are now heading belt toward deep space • Scientists expect these • As of 2000, the pioneer two probes to transmit is more than 11 billion data for the next 20 km from Earth years GALILEO
• Launched in 1989 – Galileo reached Jupiter in 1995 • Galileo then released a smaller probe in which was suppose to reach Jupiter • This probe was crushed but did transmit information about Jupiter’s composition, temperature and pressure
• Galileo studied Jupiter’s Moons, rings, and magnetic fields • Major Finding: Jupiter’s moon Europa has an ocean of water on it.