Robot Spacecraft (Frontiers in Space)
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Mission to Jupiter
This book attempts to convey the creativity, Project A History of the Galileo Jupiter: To Mission The Galileo mission to Jupiter explored leadership, and vision that were necessary for the an exciting new frontier, had a major impact mission’s success. It is a book about dedicated people on planetary science, and provided invaluable and their scientific and engineering achievements. lessons for the design of spacecraft. This The Galileo mission faced many significant problems. mission amassed so many scientific firsts and Some of the most brilliant accomplishments and key discoveries that it can truly be called one of “work-arounds” of the Galileo staff occurred the most impressive feats of exploration of the precisely when these challenges arose. Throughout 20th century. In the words of John Casani, the the mission, engineers and scientists found ways to original project manager of the mission, “Galileo keep the spacecraft operational from a distance of was a way of demonstrating . just what U.S. nearly half a billion miles, enabling one of the most technology was capable of doing.” An engineer impressive voyages of scientific discovery. on the Galileo team expressed more personal * * * * * sentiments when she said, “I had never been a Michael Meltzer is an environmental part of something with such great scope . To scientist who has been writing about science know that the whole world was watching and and technology for nearly 30 years. His books hoping with us that this would work. We were and articles have investigated topics that include doing something for all mankind.” designing solar houses, preventing pollution in When Galileo lifted off from Kennedy electroplating shops, catching salmon with sonar and Space Center on 18 October 1989, it began an radar, and developing a sensor for examining Space interplanetary voyage that took it to Venus, to Michael Meltzer Michael Shuttle engines. -
University of Iowa Instruments in Space
University of Iowa Instruments in Space A-D13-089-5 Wind Van Allen Probes Cluster Mercury Earth Venus Mars Express HaloSat MMS Geotail Mars Voyager 2 Neptune Uranus Juno Pluto Jupiter Saturn Voyager 1 Spaceflight instruments designed and built at the University of Iowa in the Department of Physics & Astronomy (1958-2019) Explorer 1 1958 Feb. 1 OGO 4 1967 July 28 Juno * 2011 Aug. 5 Launch Date Launch Date Launch Date Spacecraft Spacecraft Spacecraft Explorer 3 (U1T9)58 Mar. 26 Injun 5 1(U9T68) Aug. 8 (UT) ExpEloxrpelro r1e r 4 1915985 8F eJbu.l y1 26 OEGxOpl o4rer 41 (IMP-5) 19697 Juunlye 2 281 Juno * 2011 Aug. 5 Explorer 2 (launch failure) 1958 Mar. 5 OGO 5 1968 Mar. 4 Van Allen Probe A * 2012 Aug. 30 ExpPloiorenre 3er 1 1915985 8M Oarc. t2. 611 InEjuxnp lo5rer 45 (SSS) 197618 NAouvg.. 186 Van Allen Probe B * 2012 Aug. 30 ExpPloiorenre 4er 2 1915985 8Ju Nlyo 2v.6 8 EUxpKlo 4r e(rA 4ri1el -(4IM) P-5) 197619 DJuenc.e 1 211 Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission / 1 * 2015 Mar. 12 ExpPloiorenre 5e r 3 (launch failure) 1915985 8A uDge.c 2. 46 EPxpiolonreeerr 4130 (IMP- 6) 19721 Maarr.. 313 HMEaRgCnIe CtousbpeShaetr i(cF oMxu-1ltDis scaatelell itMe)i ssion / 2 * 2021081 J5a nM. a1r2. 12 PionPeioenr e1er 4 1915985 9O cMt.a 1r.1 3 EExpxlpolorerer r4 457 ( S(IMSSP)-7) 19721 SNeopvt.. 1263 HMaalogSnaett oCsupbhee Sriact eMlluitlet i*scale Mission / 3 * 2021081 M5a My a2r1. 12 Pioneer 2 1958 Nov. 8 UK 4 (Ariel-4) 1971 Dec. 11 Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission / 4 * 2015 Mar. -
Information Summaries
TIROS 8 12/21/63 Delta-22 TIROS-H (A-53) 17B S National Aeronautics and TIROS 9 1/22/65 Delta-28 TIROS-I (A-54) 17A S Space Administration TIROS Operational 2TIROS 10 7/1/65 Delta-32 OT-1 17B S John F. Kennedy Space Center 2ESSA 1 2/3/66 Delta-36 OT-3 (TOS) 17A S Information Summaries 2 2 ESSA 2 2/28/66 Delta-37 OT-2 (TOS) 17B S 2ESSA 3 10/2/66 2Delta-41 TOS-A 1SLC-2E S PMS 031 (KSC) OSO (Orbiting Solar Observatories) Lunar and Planetary 2ESSA 4 1/26/67 2Delta-45 TOS-B 1SLC-2E S June 1999 OSO 1 3/7/62 Delta-8 OSO-A (S-16) 17A S 2ESSA 5 4/20/67 2Delta-48 TOS-C 1SLC-2E S OSO 2 2/3/65 Delta-29 OSO-B2 (S-17) 17B S Mission Launch Launch Payload Launch 2ESSA 6 11/10/67 2Delta-54 TOS-D 1SLC-2E S OSO 8/25/65 Delta-33 OSO-C 17B U Name Date Vehicle Code Pad Results 2ESSA 7 8/16/68 2Delta-58 TOS-E 1SLC-2E S OSO 3 3/8/67 Delta-46 OSO-E1 17A S 2ESSA 8 12/15/68 2Delta-62 TOS-F 1SLC-2E S OSO 4 10/18/67 Delta-53 OSO-D 17B S PIONEER (Lunar) 2ESSA 9 2/26/69 2Delta-67 TOS-G 17B S OSO 5 1/22/69 Delta-64 OSO-F 17B S Pioneer 1 10/11/58 Thor-Able-1 –– 17A U Major NASA 2 1 OSO 6/PAC 8/9/69 Delta-72 OSO-G/PAC 17A S Pioneer 2 11/8/58 Thor-Able-2 –– 17A U IMPROVED TIROS OPERATIONAL 2 1 OSO 7/TETR 3 9/29/71 Delta-85 OSO-H/TETR-D 17A S Pioneer 3 12/6/58 Juno II AM-11 –– 5 U 3ITOS 1/OSCAR 5 1/23/70 2Delta-76 1TIROS-M/OSCAR 1SLC-2W S 2 OSO 8 6/21/75 Delta-112 OSO-1 17B S Pioneer 4 3/3/59 Juno II AM-14 –– 5 S 3NOAA 1 12/11/70 2Delta-81 ITOS-A 1SLC-2W S Launches Pioneer 11/26/59 Atlas-Able-1 –– 14 U 3ITOS 10/21/71 2Delta-86 ITOS-B 1SLC-2E U OGO (Orbiting Geophysical -
Venus Aerobot Multisonde Mission
w AIAA Balloon Technology Conference 1999 Venus Aerobot Multisonde Mission By: James A. Cutts ('), Viktor Kerzhanovich o_ j. (Bob) Balaram o), Bruce Campbell (2), Robert Gershman o), Ronald Greeley o), Jeffery L. Hall ('), Jonathan Cameron o), Kenneth Klaasen v) and David M. Hansen o) ABSTRACT requires an orbital relay system that significantly Robotic exploration of Venus presents many increases the overall mission cost. The Venus challenges because of the thick atmosphere and Aerobot Multisonde (VAMuS) Mission concept the high surface temperatures. The Venus (Fig 1 (b) provides many of the scientific Aerobot Multisonde mission concept addresses capabilities of the VGA, with existing these challenges by using a robotic balloon or technology and without requiring an orbital aerobot to deploy a number of short lifetime relay. It uses autonomous floating stations probes or sondes to acquire images of the (aerobots) to deploy multiple dropsondes capable surface. A Venus aerobot is not only a good of operating for less than an hour in the hot lower platform for precision deployment of sondes but atmosphere of Venus. The dropsondes, hereafter is very effective at recovering high rate data. This described simply as sondes, acquire high paper describes the Venus Aerobot Multisonde resolution observations of the Venus surface concept and discusses a proposal to NASA's including imaging from a sufficiently close range Discovery program using the concept for a that atmospheric obscuration is not a major Venus Exploration of Volcanoes and concern and communicate these data to the Atmosphere (VEVA). The status of the balloon floating stations from where they are relayed to deployment and inflation, balloon envelope, Earth. -
Appendix 1: Venus Missions
Appendix 1: Venus Missions Sputnik 7 (USSR) Launch 02/04/1961 First attempted Venus atmosphere craft; upper stage failed to leave Earth orbit Venera 1 (USSR) Launch 02/12/1961 First attempted flyby; contact lost en route Mariner 1 (US) Launch 07/22/1961 Attempted flyby; launch failure Sputnik 19 (USSR) Launch 08/25/1962 Attempted flyby, stranded in Earth orbit Mariner 2 (US) Launch 08/27/1962 First successful Venus flyby Sputnik 20 (USSR) Launch 09/01/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Sputnik 21 (USSR) Launch 09/12/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Cosmos 21 (USSR) Launch 11/11/1963 Possible Venera engineering test flight or attempted flyby Venera 1964A (USSR) Launch 02/19/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Venera 1964B (USSR) Launch 03/01/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Cosmos 27 (USSR) Launch 03/27/1964 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Zond 1 (USSR) Launch 04/02/1964 Venus flyby, contact lost May 14; flyby July 14 Venera 2 (USSR) Launch 11/12/1965 Venus flyby, contact lost en route Venera 3 (USSR) Launch 11/16/1965 Venus lander, contact lost en route, first Venus impact March 1, 1966 Cosmos 96 (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Possible attempted landing, craft fragmented in Earth orbit Venera 1965A (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Flyby attempt (launch failure) Venera 4 (USSR) Launch 06/12/1967 Successful atmospheric probe, arrived at Venus 10/18/1967 Mariner 5 (US) Launch 06/14/1967 Successful flyby 10/19/1967 Cosmos 167 (USSR) Launch 06/17/1967 Attempted atmospheric probe, stranded in Earth orbit Venera 5 (USSR) Launch 01/05/1969 Returned atmospheric data for 53 min on 05/16/1969 M. -
New Idea for Dyson Sphere Proposed 30 March 2015, by Bob Yirka
New idea for Dyson sphere proposed 30 March 2015, by Bob Yirka that the massive amount of material needed to build such a sphere would be untenable, thus, a more likely scenario would be a civilization building a ring of energy capturing satellites which could be continually expanded. But the notion of the sphere persists and so some scientists continue to look for one, believing that if such a sphere were built, the process of capturing the energy from the interior sun would cause an unmistakable infrared signature, allowing us to notice its presence. But thus far, no such signatures have been found. That might be because we are alone in the universe, or, as Semiz and O?ur argue, it might be because we are looking at the wrong types of stars. They suggest that it would seem to make more sense for an advanced civilization to build their sphere around a white A Dyson Sphere with 1 AU radius in Sol system. Credit: dwarf, rather than a star that is in its main arXiv:1503.04376 [physics.pop-ph] sequence, such as our sun—not only would the sphere be smaller (they have even calculated an estimate for a sphere just one meter thick—1023 (Phys.org)—A pair of Turkish space scientists with kilograms of matter) but the gravity at its surface Bogazici University has proposed that researchers would be similar to their home planet (assuming it looking for the existence of Dyson spheres might were similar to ours). be looking at the wrong objects. ?brahim Semiz and Salim O?ur have written a paper and uploaded Unfortunately, if Semiz and O?ur are right, we may it to the preprint server arXiv, in which they suggest not be able to prove it for many years, as the that if an advanced civilization were to build a luminosity of a white dwarf is much less than other Dyson sphere, it would make the most sense to stars, making it extremely difficult to determine if build it around a white dwarf. -
Pyramid Volume 3 in These Issues (A Compilation of Tables of Contents and in This Issue Sections) Contents Name # Month Tools Of
Pyramid Volume 3 In These Issues (A compilation of tables of contents and In This Issue sections) Contents Name # Month Name # Month Tools of the Trade: Wizards 1 2008-11 Noir 42 2012-04 Looks Like a Job for… Superheroes 2 2008-12 Thaumatology III 43 2012-05 Venturing into the Badlands: Post- Alternate GURPS II 44 2012-06 3 2009-01 Apocalypse Monsters 45 2012-07 Magic on the Battlefield 4 2009-02 Weird Science 46 2012-08 Horror & Spies 5 2009-03 The Rogue's Life 47 2012-09 Space Colony Alpha 6 2009-04 Secret Magic 48 2012-10 Urban Fantasy [I] 7 2009-05 World-Hopping 49 2012-11 Cliffhangers 8 2009-06 Dungeon Fantasy II 50 2012-12 Space Opera 9 2009-07 Tech and Toys III 51 2013-01 Crime and Grime 10 2009-08 Low-Tech II 52 2013-02 Cinematic Locations 11 2009-09 Action [I] 53 2013-03 Tech and Toys [I] 12 2009-10 Social Engineering 54 2013-04 Thaumatology [I] 13 2009-11 Military Sci-Fi 55 2013-05 Martial Arts 14 2009-12 Prehistory 56 2013-06 Transhuman Space [I] 15 2010-01 Gunplay 57 2013-07 Historical Exploration 16 2010-02 Urban Fantasy II 58 2013-08 Modern Exploration 17 2010-03 Conspiracies 59 2013-09 Space Exploration 18 2010-04 Dungeon Fantasy III 60 2013-10 Tools of the Trade: Clerics 19 2010-05 Way of the Warrior 61 2013-11 Infinite Worlds [I] 20 2010-06 Transhuman Space II 62 2013-12 Cyberpunk 21 2010-07 Infinite Worlds II 63 2014-01 Banestorm 22 2010-08 Pirates and Swashbucklers 64 2014-02 Action Adventures 23 2010-09 Alternate GURPS III 65 2014-03 Bio-Tech 24 2010-10 The Laws of Magic 66 2014-04 Epic Magic 25 2010-11 Tools of the -
The Quest to Understand the Pioneer Anomaly
The quest to understand the Pioneer anomaly I Michael Martin Nieto, Theoretical Division (MS-8285) Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alarnos, New Mexico 87545 USA E-mail: [email protected] +a l1 l I l uring the 1960's, when the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Pioneer 10 was launched on 2 March 1972 local time, aboard D first started thinking about what eventually became the an Atlas/Centaur/TE364-4launch vehicle (see Fig. l).It was the "Grand Tours" of the outer planets (the Voyager missions of the first craft launched into deep space and was the first to reach an 1970's and 1980's),the use of planetary flybys for gravity assists of outer giant planet, Jupiter,on 4 Dec. 1973 [l, 21. Later it was the first spacecraft became of great interest. The concept was to use flybys to leave the "solar system" (past the orbit of Pluto or, should we now of the major planets to both mowthe direction of the spacecraft say, Neptune). The Pioneer project, eventually extending over and also to add to its heliocentric velocity in a manner that was decades, was managed at NASAIAMES Research Center under the unfeasible using only chemical fuels. The first time these ideas were hands of four successive project managers, the legendary Charlie put into practice in deep space was with the Pioneers. Hall, Richard Fimrnel, Fred Wirth, and the current Larry Lasher. While in its Earth-Jupiter cruise, Pioneer 10 was still bound to the solar system. By 9 January 1973 Pjoneer l0 was at a distance of 3.40 AU (Astronomical Units'), beyond the asteroid belt. -
Atmospheric Mining in the Outer Solar System: Mining Design Issues and Considerations,” AIAA 2009- 4961, August 2009
Atmospheric Mining in the Outer Solar System: Resource Capturing, Storage, and Utilization Bryan Palaszewski* NASA John H. Glenn Research Center Lewis Field MS 5-10 Cleveland, OH 44135 (216) 977-7493 Voice (216) 433-5802 FAX [email protected] Fuels and Space Propellants Web Site: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/Fuels-And-Space-Propellants/foctopsb.htm Abstract Atmospheric mining in the outer solar system has been investigated as a means of fuel production for high energy propulsion and power. Fusion fuels such as Helium 3 (3He) and hydrogen can be wrested from the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune and either returned to Earth or used in-situ for energy production. Helium 3 and hydrogen (deuterium, etc.) were the primary gases of interest with hydrogen being the primary propellant for nuclear thermal solid core and gas core rocket-based atmospheric flight. A series of analyses were undertaken to investigate resource capturing aspects of atmospheric mining in the outer solar system. This included the gas capturing rate for hydrogen helium 4 and helium 3, storage options, and different methods of direct use of the captured gases. Additional supporting analyses were conducted to illuminate vehicle sizing and orbital transportation issues. Nomenclature 3He Helium 3 4He Helium (or Helium 4) AMOSS Atmospheric mining in the outer solar system CC Closed cycle delta-V Change in velocity (km/s) GCR Gas core rocket GTOW Gross Takeoff Weight H2 Hydrogen He Helium 4 IEC Inertial-Electrostatic Confinement (related to nuclear fusion) ISRU In Situ Resource Utilization Isp Specific Impulse (s) K Kelvin kWe Kilowatts of electric power LEO Low Earth Orbit MT Metric tons MWe Megawatt electric (power level) NEP Nuclear Electric Propulsion NTP Nuclear Thermal Propulsion NTR Nuclear Thermal Rocket OC Open cycle O2 Oxygen PPB Parts per billion STO Surface to Orbit ________________________________________________________________________ * Leader of Advanced Fuels, AIAA Associate Fellow I. -
Mariner to Mercury, Venus and Mars
NASA Facts National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 91109 Mariner to Mercury, Venus and Mars Between 1962 and late 1973, NASA’s Jet carry a host of scientific instruments. Some of the Propulsion Laboratory designed and built 10 space- instruments, such as cameras, would need to be point- craft named Mariner to explore the inner solar system ed at the target body it was studying. Other instru- -- visiting the planets Venus, Mars and Mercury for ments were non-directional and studied phenomena the first time, and returning to Venus and Mars for such as magnetic fields and charged particles. JPL additional close observations. The final mission in the engineers proposed to make the Mariners “three-axis- series, Mariner 10, flew past Venus before going on to stabilized,” meaning that unlike other space probes encounter Mercury, after which it returned to Mercury they would not spin. for a total of three flybys. The next-to-last, Mariner Each of the Mariner projects was designed to have 9, became the first ever to orbit another planet when two spacecraft launched on separate rockets, in case it rached Mars for about a year of mapping and mea- of difficulties with the nearly untried launch vehicles. surement. Mariner 1, Mariner 3, and Mariner 8 were in fact lost The Mariners were all relatively small robotic during launch, but their backups were successful. No explorers, each launched on an Atlas rocket with Mariners were lost in later flight to their destination either an Agena or Centaur upper-stage booster, and planets or before completing their scientific missions. -
2001 Mars Odyssey 1/24 Scale Model Assembly Instructions
2001 Mars Odyssey 1/24 Scale Model Assembly Instructions This scale model of the 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft is designed for anyone interested, although it might be inappropriate for children younger than about ten years of age. Children should have adult supervision to assemble the model. Copyright (C) 2002 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Permission for commercial reproduction other than for single-school in- classroom use must be obtained from JPL Commercial Programs Office. 1 SETUP 1.1 DOWNLOAD AND PRINT o You'll need Adobe Acrobat Reader software to read the Parts Sheet file. You'll find instructions for downloading the software free of charge from Adobe on the web page where you found this model. o Download the Parts file from the web page to your computer. It contains paper model parts on several pages of annotated graphics. o Print the Parts file with a black & white printer; a laser printer gives best results. It is highly recommended to print onto card stock (such as 110 pound cover paper). If you can't print onto card stock, regular paper will do, but assembly will be more difficult, and the model will be much more fragile. In any case, the card stock or paper should be white. The Parts file is designed for either 8.5x11-inch or A4 sheet sizes. o Check the "PRINTING CALIBRATION" on each Parts Sheet with a ruler, to be sure the cm or inch scale is full size. If it isn't, adjust the printout size in your printing software. -
Titan and Enceladus $1 B Mission
JPL D-37401 B January 30, 2007 Titan and Enceladus $1B Mission Feasibility Study Report Prepared for NASA’s Planetary Science Division Prepared By: Kim Reh Contributing Authors: John Elliott Tom Spilker Ed Jorgensen John Spencer (Southwest Research Institute) Ralph Lorenz (The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory) KSC GSFC ARC Approved By: _________________________________ Kim Reh Dr. Ralph Lorenz Jet Propulsion Laboratory The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Study Manager Physics Laboratory Titan Science Lead _________________________________ Dr. John Spencer Southwest Research Institute Enceladus Science Lead Pre-decisional — For Planning and Discussion Purposes Only Titan and Enceladus Feasibility Study Report Table of Contents JPL D-37401 B The following members of an Expert Advisory and Review Board contributed to ensuring the consistency and quality of the study results through a comprehensive review and advisory process and concur with the results herein. Name Title/Organization Concurrence Chief Engineer/JPL Planetary Flight Projects Gentry Lee Office Duncan MacPherson JPL Review Fellow Glen Fountain NH Project Manager/JHU-APL John Niehoff Sr. Research Engineer/SAIC Bob Pappalardo Planetary Scientist/JPL Torrence Johnson Chief Scientist/JPL i Pre-decisional — For Planning and Discussion Purposes Only Titan and Enceladus Feasibility Study Report Table of Contents JPL D-37401 B This page intentionally left blank ii Pre-decisional — For Planning and Discussion Purposes Only Titan and Enceladus Feasibility Study Report Table of Contents JPL D-37401 B Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Study Objectives and Guidelines............................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Relation to Cassini-Huygens, New Horizons and Juno.......................................... 1-1 1.3 Technical Approach...............................................................................................