The Space Race 3

Week 30 of 32 • Page 4 WEEK 30 The Space Name ______Program

ACROSS 1. U.S. space program that sent men to the moon (two words) 4. city that is our country's spaceport (two words) 5. abbreviation for the official name of the shuttle program 6. schoolteacher who trained to go on a shuttle mission and died with the Challenger crew 7. first man-made object in space 8. first American to orbit Earth 9. first man to walk on the moon 10. first American space program to send people into space

DOWN 2. the first American in space The Space Race 3. space program that first sent two people We’ve come a long way since humans first launched the moon. The Soviets were ahead for most of the race. into orbit things into space. In 1957, scientists from the Soviet They were the first to send people into space and bring Union launched a small silver ball into orbit. They them back home safely, but American scientists kept called their machine Sputnik, and it was the first man- working. We finally won the space race in 1969 when 1. Name the five main phases of the space The Space Missions made object to send a radio message from outer space. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first people to program. This is what started the space race between the United walk on the moon. 2. What was the main States and the Soviet Union. During the 12 years after Florida played a very important part in this race. goal of the Mercury program? Read each of the sentences below. Draw a line that connects Sputnik was launched, American and Soviet scientists Our city of Cape Canaveral was where some of our 3. Who was the first American man to orbit the Earth? each sentence to the NASA space mission that it best describes. raced to see who could be the first to send people to best scientists and engineers worked together to build 4. Who was the first American man in space? 5. What were two of the important things we learned from the one of our planet’s first spaceports. Today, we call Gemini program? this spaceport the Kennedy Space 6. On what day and year did the first man walk on the moon? This mission sent Center. It was built a few miles Who was that man? What were his famous words as he astronauts into Mercury away from Cape Canaveral. It is stepped on the moon’s surface? space for months where we launch rockets, satellites 7. What happened to bring the Skylab project to an end? at a time. 8. What major event occurred in the Soviet Union to start the era and other spacecraft into orbit of space travel? around our planet. 9. Who was the first teacher chosen to take part in an American If you have ever wanted to be an space shuttle flight? astronaut, then Florida is the place 10. How do businesses make money? Millions of people for you! around the world watched as astronauts Gemini Retiring the Shuttle Discovery from this mission continued from Page 1 landed on the in a museum, most likely the Smithsonian Institution. moon. Transporting the shuttle to a museum will cost $28 million! The United States has moved its space exploration responsibility to private businesses like SpaceX, which The space shuttles has been designing and testing rockets for some time. The were a part of SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket may replace the space shuttles. this mission, which NASA and others may be sad to see the shuttles go, but were used almost think of it like this: Getting a new car is always fun! Apollo 130 times to bring people and supplies into space.

Imagine you are at the Space Retiring the Shuttle Discovery Center in 1986. Astronauts from Some bad people Has your family ever had to get rid shuttle Discovery, the last of the in 2010 and 2011. this mission were chase you until of an old car? Maybe it had too many three shuttles to be retired. Since The Discovery retired after traveling some of the first you hide in a small container with many buttons. miles on it or was costing too much 1984, Discovery has been one of five almost 150,000,000 miles. It flew people to go to Skylab Before long, you realize you are hiding inside the money to keep fixed up? Sometimes space Shuttles in regular use. The around the world 4,648 times and spent outer space and Voyager I space probe. Everything starts to rumble it just makes more sense to find other shuttles were the Columbia, a world-record (galaxy-record?) 365 come back. ... Suddenly, you blast off! The vapors in the probe something new. It especially makes Challenger, Atlantis and Endeavor. days in space. It took the Hubble Space make you sleep for 20 years. At last, you awaken sense if you’ve been driving the same Sadly, Challenger was destroyed in a Telescope into space and even went and realize you are not on Earth. You hear strange vehicle for 25 years and logged over terrible accident in 1986, and Columbia back several times to fix it. sounds outside the probe. As you open the door, 150 million miles! met a similar fate in 2003. The three Discovery will spend retirement In 2011, NASA retired the space remaining shuttles ended their service you meet strange-looking aliens. Before you begin This mission continued on Page 4 to write, think about your reaction and what you’ll tested whether do. Now write to tell about your adventure. NASA could get STS Florida Next Generation Sunshine State Standards: SS.4.A.1.1: Analyze primary and secondary resources to identify significant individuals and events throughout Florida history. a spacecraft into SS.4.A.1.2: Synthesize information related to Florida history through print and electronic media. SS.4.A.4.1: Explain the effects of technological advances on Florida. SS.4.A.6.1: Describe the orbit around the economic development of Florida’s major industries. SS.4.A.8.3: Describe the effect of the United States space program on Florida’s economy and growth. SS.4.A.9.1: Utilize timelines to sequence If you’d like to make any editorial comments about our paper, Earth. key events in Florida history. SS.4.FL.1.6: Describe ways that people who own a business can earn a profit, which is a source of income. SS.4.FL.1.7: Entrepreneurs are people who start new please write to us at businesses. Entrepreneurs do not know if their new businesses will be successful and earn a profit. Identify ways in which starting a business is risky for entrepreneurs. SS.4.G.1.1: Identify physical [email protected]. features of Florida. SS.4.G.1.2: Locate and label cultural features on a Florida map. SS.4.G.1.4: Interpret political and physical maps using map elements (title, compass rose, cardinal directions, intermediate directions, symbols, legend, scale, longitude, latitude). Week 30 of 32 • Page 3 ida Flor TIMELINE ida Flor

The Soviet The Space Program Union launches put two people in space? Could astronauts and even rode around in special electric 1. Mercury: Pioneers in a 5. STS: Commuting to Space reaches of outer Sputnik into walk in space outside their capsules? “moon buggies” called Lunar Rovers. space, these brave orbit, New World Could two spaceships come together out There are currently three Lunar Rovers The Apollo and Skylab missions weren’t the astronauts will be 1957 The main goal of the Mercury program there? These questions were all answered still parked on the moon. Astronauts end of our adventures in space. Not by a long was simply to get someone into space. A by the second phase of manned spaceflight placed a metal plaque on the moon’s shot! Plans were made for a spacecraft that could remembered as heroes. small, one-man capsule rode high on top in America, the Gemini program. In surface that says, “We came in peace for be used again and again, taking off for space and landing safely on Earth again. The result? The Columbia of a tall the Gemini program, each capsule held all mankind.” President STS, which stands for “Shuttle Transportation rocket. two astronauts and included new space The morning of Feb. 1, 2003, dawned clearly John F. System.” That was the official title for the space The six experiments. What were the answers to 4. Skylab: Living in Space and brightly. Before sunrise, stargazers as far west Kennedy is Mercury their questions? Yes, yes, yes and yes. shuttle program. The shuttles took off with the as California and Utah watched a bright streak assassinated, flights were Our space program didn’t stop after we help of huge rockets but landed by themselves heading east across the sky. It was the space shuttle Nov. 22, generally 3. Apollo: landed on the moon. The last few Apollo on runways, much like jet planes. They carried Columbia, returning to Earth after more than 1963 anything that needed to get into orbit — up to pretty short Shoot for the Moon missions were used to send a space two weeks in outer space. Its payload included, — the first station into orbit. The station was called 65,000 pounds. The first shuttle, Columbia, was among other things, science experiments by few only The Gemini program was a great Skylab. It was a place where astronauts launched in 1981. More than 130 shuttle missions school children all over the planet. Its brave crew lasted 15 success. After that, it seemed like all we could live and work in outer space for took place over 30 years, and astronauts became members were anxious to get home to their waiting minutes — had to do was build a rocket that would go long periods of time. Three groups of more comfortable living and working in outer the Mercury astronauts families. It looked like another perfect shuttle Neil but even to the moon. The moon is 240,000 miles astronauts worked in Skylab between space than ever before. However, NASA decided mission. Then, over Texas, just before 8 o’clock, Armstrong so, this was the beginning of America’s away, farther than anywhere on Earth, and 1973 and 1974. They did scientific to end the space shuttle program, and the last flight the unthinkable happened. The shuttle lost contact and Buzz adventures in space. Alan Shepard, a Navy it became the job of the Apollo program experiments, miles and miles above the took place in 2011. with mission control for a moment and then simply Aldrin walk test pilot, was the first American in space. to get us there. Until then, the rockets that Earth’s surface. broke apart. Traveling at more than 12,000 miles on the moon, He did it with a quick suborbital flight in took people into outer space had been Skylab fell from orbit on July 11, Challenger per hour and more than 30 miles high, something July 20, his capsule called Freedom 7. “Suborbital” about 100 feet tall. Do you want to guess 1979, after solar storms hit the Earth’s Brave men and women of the space program had gone horribly wrong. In just moments, there 1969 means the capsule flew into outer space how tall Apollo’s Saturn V rockets were? atmosphere. Pieces of the station fell have always understood that space exploration is was nothing left of Columbia but tiny pieces, but not into orbit around the Earth. John They were almost 400 feet high — as tall into the ocean. Thankfully, nobody dangerous. Every once in a while, someone pays strewn from California to Alabama. The shocked Glenn was the first American to orbit the as a 40-story building! Inside was enough was hurt, but it put an and saddened public was warned to report any the highest price anyone can pay for the cause of Disney Earth in Friendship 7. You may have heard fuel to get astronauts as far as they needed end to American space shuttle pieces they found but not to touch them knowledge and exploration: his or her own life. World opens of Glenn. He went up into space again in to go and in style. Some Apollo missions stations for a while. Near the visitor center at Spaceport U.S.A. is a because of the danger of toxic fuels and other in Florida, 1998 in the space shuttle. were test flights, traveling farther and Skylab prepared harmful chemicals that might cover the wreckage. monument to astronauts who have died in the 1970 faster than ever before, just to see if the the way for the space program. Our country will always remember Each piece was an important part of a mysterious 2. Gemini: Twice the ships could do what they needed to do. International Space the tragedy of the space shuttle Challenger in 1986 and horrifying puzzle, helping NASA to unravel Then, on July 20, 1969, 500 million people Station. For example, Adventure! that killed all seven crew members, including the mystery of what went wrong. Columbia was watched on television as Neil Armstrong scientists from Canada Christa McAuliffe, who would have been the the oldest surviving member of NASA’s five- The Mercury program proved a person became the first human being to walk on built a large robot arm first schoolteacher shuttle fleet, and its crew that day included six could be sent into orbit and land again the moon. Everyone listened as his voice for the space shuttle to travel in space. brave American astronauts and the first Israeli ever safely. But was that all there was to came through loud and clear: “That’s one that helped put the new As long as people to go into space, a war hero named Ilan Ramon. The Miami exploring space? No way! Could we steer small step for man, one giant leap for space station together. continue to explore Dolphins a spacecraft in orbit, instead of just sending mankind.” On later Apollo missions, from the far it up and bringing it back down? Could we 1969 to 1972, astronauts collected rocks crew members play an of the space undefeated shuttle season, Challenger 1972

Like Movies? Jackson and Do you want Earning a Leon Counties to be an Proft There are many terrific movies about outer space. astronaut? Jackson County: Don’t miss the limestone cave at Businesses earn money by selling goods and services that Some are just science fiction, but others are based on Florida Caverns State Park in Jackson County, the true stories. Maybe you’ve seen the film “Apollo 13,” which people need or want. A grocery store is a business. The store buys only Florida county that touches two other states. is about a nearly disastrous mission that never made it The astronauts who were part of the Mercury food from farms and sells that food to people nearby. Businesses (Can you name them?) Visit Blue Springs Recreation to the moon. In some scenes of the film, the actors seem and Gemini programs proved it was possible to make money, or a profit, by charging more for food than they Area, home to a first-magnitude spring. That means weightless, just like in outer space. Those aren’t special travel to space and back. Apollo astronauts went an enormous volume of water bubbles up out of the paid to buy it. Customers effects! The makers of “Apollo 13” filmed some weightless all the way to the moon. Others have lived in aquifer every second. In other words, water rules all are willing to pay the scenes in a special training jet used to train real-life space stations for months at a time. It takes a here. Spend a laid-back afternoon fishing or canoeing in the higher prices because it is astronauts. The jet takes off and flies nearly straight up, lot of hard work to become one of these brave Chipola River. Marianna is the county seat. right close to the top of Earth’s atmosphere, then turns people, and it can be risky. The Apollo 13 mission easier and faster to get Leon County: This county is home to Tallahassee, the state sharply around and heads back to Earth again. Right at is famous because an explosion almost killed three everything at one place. capital and county seat. There are many museums and the top of that trip, everyone aboard the jet is weightless astronauts. You have also read about how two of An entrepreneur historic sites here. Did you know that the first reading of the for about a minute. America’s space shuttles were lost in accidents. is someone who Emancipation Proclamation in Florida took place in Tallahassee Even with these challenges, people still want to see starts a new business. on May 20, 1865? Do what we can learn by visiting outer space. Apollo 13 astronauts Entrepreneurs have from left to right: Fred you remember when What are some of the challenges that Haise, Jack Swigert and President Lincoln issued astronauts face? Do you think you would like to be to take a big risk. Jim Lovell it? Leon is home to an astronaut? Why or why not? Does anyone in They do not know if Florida State University your class feel differently than you do? Find out their business will be and Florida Agricultural why. able to earn money. and Mechanical (A&M) University. Quick — Entrepreneurs find a cover this paragraph want or need in a town and spell Tallahassee! or city. If enough people want the new business, the entrepreneur may be able to make a profit. Week 30 of 32 • Page 4 WEEK 30 The Space Name ______Program