Satellites and commercial applications ofspace Technology Environment Satellites Health & Astronomy 1960 the world’s nation. 3rd space faring theUK and operatedby theUK,making experimentsdevised satellite. Itcarries mission andisthefirstinternational 1962: Ariel-1istheworld’s firstsolar meteorological radarfacilities. theworld’s mostadvanced now oneof research station,isfirstopened.It atmospheric important an internationally 1967: TheUK’s ChilboltonObservatory, observation. earth and imagesfor weather forecasts for and continuous data now provide invaluable satellites. Thesesatellites satellite inaseriesof Europe’s first weather the UK,Meteosat-1 is by 1977: Supported with export sales of over £150m. salesof with export itisthe world’sstaff, leadingsmallsatellite company, £40m.With300 giantEADSAstrium for technology systems.satellites andground Itissoldin2008tospace UK-funded research; low cost buildinghigh performance 1985: UKcompany SSTLissetuptocommercialise capacity strategies.capacity over 20years gasflow andisnow and used for usedinthespace community for has beenwidely intheUK,ESASimulationLanguage Developed Seanaturalgas. North extraction andprocessing of Late 1980s:ESA’s simulationsoftware isappliedto 1978 Astrium Group. theworld-leading of which isnow asubsidiary company,private Infoterra, In 1991,itbecomes a Observation. Earth Excellence for Centre of asaGovernment formed Remote SensingCentre is 1980: TheUKNational astronomical satellites. and mostproductive thelongest-lived one of it until 1996,making (IUE). Thisoperated Explorer Ultraviolet the International first highorbittelescope launches theworld’s (ESA) Space Agency the UK,European by 1978: Supported heart andcancer patients.heart medicaluse,tohelptreat for Meteosat-3. Lateritisdeveloped the HubbleSpace Telescope and by REMLtd(Oxford)andusedon measures radiationisdeveloped Late that 1970s:Asmalldevice

of years old. of Halley’s comet isbillions images; confirming back unprecedented space mission.Itsends the firstEuropean deep built intheUK,Giotto is 1985:

unprecedented accuracy. from space with temperature sea-surface the UKtomeasure (ATSR), designedin Scanning Radiometer included theAlong-Track environment. This its climate andchanging data abouttheEarth, provide awealth of (ERS-1) islaunched to Remote Sensingsatellite 1991: ESA’s European With instruments With instruments of thistechnology. of thedevelopment supporting and Chevronare now all Shell, BP, AmeradaHess test rigexperiments, laboratory After successful that canseethrough oil. acamera ERS todevelop such asESA’s and Envisat satellites instruments for designingelectro-optic of Proneta usesitsexperience 1997: UKcompany 990 19 play akey role. and NASA;UKscientists collaboration between ESA Aninternational universe. the expansionof of as calculating therate in astrophysics, such and leadstobreakthroughs space understanding of all time,itchanges our astronomical projects of themostimportant One of Telescope islaunched. 1990: TheHubbleSpace ultimately save lives. save ultimately and efforts assist relief theworld to of part any detailed imagesof The DMCprovides countries. a numberof involvement of active (SSTL) andbuiltwiththe Satellite Technology Ltd. UK company Surrey satellites designedby (DMC) isanetwork of Monitoring Constellation theDisaster UK funding, by 2000: Supported

Medical, for €40millionin2001. Medical, for acquired by amajorUKcompany, Lombard thistechnology, issubsequently back of Anson Medical,acompany created onthe teeth. broken bonesandrepositioning of of alloys arememory now usedintherepair by Mid 1990s:Firstdeveloped ESA,shape remote sensing. andconduct multipoint in formation low-cost satellitesthatcanfly clusters of using of It demonstratesthefeasibility is theUK’s firstnanosatellitemission. Centre andSSTL,theSNAPprogram by2000: Conceived theSurrey Space Astrium istheprimecontractor. The UKplays asignificant role and systems. warning lead role inearly forecast space playing weather; a and revolutionises to ourability (SOHO)islaunched Observatory 1995: TheSolar&Heliospheric malaria control. systemsdecision for making malaria transmission,supporting affecting can highlightfactors ecological datafrom satellites 1996: UKscientists show that pollution inHongKong. ancient Roman remains tomonitoring usesfrom mapping of awidevariety found High Resolution ImagingSpectrometer) has CHRIS instrumentonboard (Compact years. FundedandbuiltintheUK, inrecent Earth the bestsatelliteimagesof Autonomy (Proba-1), produces someof theProjectOnBoard for 2001: Launch of 1996 now extendedto2017. proven thatitis sosuccessful the original4year missionhas instruments designedintheUK, projectSpace Agency with A jointNASA/ESA/Italian Saturn. of study long-term the firstmissiontomakea 1997: Cassini-Huygens is over a period of 12-14years. over aperiodof Earth’s radiationbalance, and willoperate the provide accurate measurements of instruments, four GERBisdesignedto of aseries launches onMeteosat-8. Part of andbuiltintheUK, is developed Budget(GERB)instrument Radiation Earth 2002: ThefirstGeostationary mission isEADSAstriumLtd. and floods. Theprimeforthe contractor and therisksfrom earthquakes, volcanos seaice, theozone hole,theextentof of environmental dataonairquality, thesize invaluable This provides tenyears of satellite. world’s observation largestearth ESA’s 2002: Launch of the Envisat,

satellites or even causingpowersatellites oreven cuts ontheground. -damaging solar wind,which cancauseelectricalstorms outby theClustermission.Thisinvestigates being carried the11majorinvestigations 2000: TheUKmanages3of particularly land-surface temperature. land-surface particularly data from meteorological satellites, year, arecorrelated with significantly Africansa thousandsof tensof killing flies, which transmitsleepingsickness tsetse ratesof that themortality 2000: UKscientists demonstrate change the way astronomers think of thecosmos. change theway astronomers thinkof by (UKSA)andcontinues theUKSpace Agency to launched. ever Itisnow supported ray observatory gamma (INTEGRAL)isthemostsensitive Laboratory Astrophysics GammaRay 2002: TheInternational contributed tothespace probe andlander. the Comet67Pin2014.UKresearchers have undertaken andisduetorendezvousever with themostchallenging missions quarters. Itisoneof acomet atclose of to make study along-term 2004: Rosetta launches andisthefirstspacecraft climate change. UKscientists leadthemission. clouds andaerosols in to examinetherole of 2004: ESA’s mission isselected EarthCARE launched in2018. European GPSsystem, duetobe thisnew equipmentfor the navigation UK scientists. They are now building UK company from SSTL,withsupport satellite tobelaunched andisbuiltby 2005: GIOVE-A isthefirstGalileo environment andsecurity. concerning the disseminating information anetwork Copernicus; of sea ice. Thisispart about information Ocean withtimely Southern toprovide using satelliteimagery shipsinthe Antarctic Polar service, View 2006: Launch of temperature andoceanas seasurface colour. onareas focusing such atPlymouth, data analysis StationandremoteSatellite Receiving sensing attheDundee bringing togethertheexpertise launches, Service Acquisition andAnalysis 2006: NERC Data Observation Earth dust’s wake. inthe that oftenfollow meningitis epidemics more learn aboutlethal satellites inorder to Africa’s Sahelbeltusing blowing acrossstorms researchers totrack dust medical 2005: ESAfunds international contracts.international a much stronger positiontowin capabilities thatwillputtheUKin andindustrial scientific expertise Board andRCUK. Itbringstogether Industry, theTechnology Strategy from (CEOI) issetupwithsupport Instrumentation Observation 2007: TheCentreEarth for

TB inresource-poor settings. that can be used to device detect massspectrometry a portable Mars, UKresearchers develop on mission tosearch life for 2,the2003 Beagle for developed 2007: Basedonthetechnology epidemic inEastAfrica. to prevent aRiftValley fever allows pre-emptive measures population multiplication.This mosquito agentsfor causative air,sustained rainsandwarmer and Ocean, bringingheavy theIndian of equatorial part temperatures inthe in surface 2007: Satellitesdetectarise supplied withoxygen. base could becost-effectively how amannedmoon of research, addressing theissue will commercialise funded Cambridgespin-out of Ltd.ThisUniversity Metalysis commercialised intheUKby process being iscurrently metal production 2009: Aground-breaking 2008 exploitation of thismission. exploitation of scientists are leadingthe the instrumentsandUK a majorcontribution to light.TheUKmade of unexplored wavelengths galaxies atpreviously starsand of formation the Herschel, tostudy 2009: ESAlaunches involvement. mission hasastrong UK from theBigBang. This theartefacts to observe 2009: ESAlaunches Planck global change andnaturalhazards.global at looking environment, particularly andthe observation to Earth research pointfor a focal related (NCEO)toprovideObservation National Centre Earth for 2008: NERC launches the and ledby UKscientists. ice. Themissionisconceived polar shape andthickness of Cryosat-2 tomeasure the 2010: ESAlaunches help people who suffer fromhelp peoplewhosuffer muscle wasting. control inspaceflight and muscle degradation demonstrating thatthiscould beusedto geneexpression indiseasedtissue, regulator of organism 2009: UKscientists treat amulticellular £9.1bn contribution totheeconomy. building ontheBritishspace industry’s sectorand global growing in arapidly providing theUKwithincreased leadership space projects,biggest andmostlucrative Europe’s space insomeof investment a£1.2bnpackage for UKSA, agrees 2012: TheGovernment, through the access.internet increased leadtogreatly potentially satellites. Thework could capabilities of to increase thetelecom andantenna istestingways Queen’s Belfast University TechnologiesSecure Information at 2012: Research attheCentre for inspace withRNAi,a (C.elegans) processing activities. and thedata imaging instrument contributing tothe energy. TheUKis dark to study Euclid, amission 2011: ESAapproves children’s health. related to neighbourhood factors assessmentson undertake virtual to mappingtechnology Google the SSOi-Tour, which uses 2010: UKscientists develop using Earth observation data. observation using Earth products infrastructure new and services todevelop inIT investment Space (CEMS).Thisisamajornew ClimateandEnvironmental Monitoringfrom for facility 2011: UKgovernment the approves for funding changes lives. andhow thesewillinfluence ourdaily changing, therole played inthese by humanactivities onhow ourplanetanditsclimate are information providingEuropean monitoringtheEarth; system for operations. starts Thisisa Programme, Observation 2011: Copernicus, thejointEU/ESAEarth market. intheinternational sensing programme space-based radarremote new competitive and highly This enablesUKcompany SSTLtolaunch aninnovative 2011: UKgovernment intheNovaSAR invests satellite. high street asitson-board processor. you a smartphone canbuyonthe spacetechnologies research for using Cubesat which aimstotestnormal a Demonstrator (STRaND-1), Research andNanosatellite launches theSurrey Training, Surrey of Centre attheUniversity 2013: Ateamfrom Surrey Space impossible. virtually onEarth life know itwould not exist,rendering without which theatmosphere aswe itsprotective magneticfield, study Inparticular, theEarth. itwill of aspects satellites designedtostudy mission islaunched; atrioof 2013: TheUK-supported Swarm 2012 and significantly reduce the costs of accessing space. reduce the and significantly costs of propulsion andlauncher technology, revolutionise thefields of aBritishdesignedrocket(SABRE) isagreed; enginewhich could theSynergetic Air-Breathing for Rocket2013: UKfunding Engine over thenextdecade. more than£60bn potential of things-which aglobal have of internet energy, -transport, programmes on four andthe security focusing intheUK,withCatapult space relatedwill support activities (ECSAT), openatHarwell OxfordCampusspace cluster. Thesecentres the European andTelecommunications CentreSpace Applications for 2013: TheTSB’s Space Catapultaswell asESA’s intheUK, facility first won theClimate-KICAward atecoConnect’s Cleantech Innovate 2013. They managingtheircarbonfootprint. for information decision-making which provides business platform organisationswithglobal observation 2013: UKcompany Rezatec auniqueremote develops sensing,Earth sleeping sickness. human epidemiological riskof which may present anelevated villagesinAfrica the areas outsideof system tocharacterise information cost-effective geographic new 2012: UKscientists a develop years ago. billionsof Earth the meteoritesthatcollided with that thesewere contained within suggesting onearth; life block of RNA,thebuilding the production of metals thatplayed acrucial role in 2012: UKscientists identifythe systems, electronic circuits andpower grids. and infrastructure, including communications technologies cause disruption toarangeof identifies thatsevere space weather can space weather by theGovernment. Itnow Emergencies isamendedtoinclude Civil 2012: TheNationalRiskRegister of the Magnetometerinstrument. outer SolarSystem. TheUKSAisfunding our stepintheexplorationof important atmosphere andmagnetosphere; an (JUICE) will make observations of Jupiter’s willmakeof observations (JUICE) selected; the Jupiter Icy MoonsExplorer selected; theJupiterIcy 2013: ESA’s firstLargeClassmissionis Astrium. Leicester andEADS of the University Laboratory,(lead) andRutherfordAppleton STFC’s UKAstronomy Technology Centre UKinstitutionsare involved, inparticular of withNASA.Anumber UK inpartnership tenEUcountries, ledby the consortium of Telescope. MIRIisdesignedandbuiltby a Webb intotheJames integrated successfully 2013: impact of deforestation andlanduse. impact of about changes inforeststructure, andthe questions scientists address fundamental biomass from space. Thesemapswillhelp forest produce thefirstaccurate mapsof withaUKsciencedeveloped leadandwill scheduled tolaunch in2020.Thisisbeing Biomassmission, 2013: Go-aheadfor The Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) is The MidInfrared Instrument(MIRI)is 2013 human brainscans. thatanalysed program was usedtocreate a ESA’sfor satellite, Envisat The tool,basedonsoftware Alzheimer’s disease. wide-scalescreeningfor for to establishasimplemethod helping medicalresearchers taken from space isnow processing satellitepictures 2013: Software for