Synthetic Aperture Radar in Europe: ERS, Envisat, and Beyond
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AATSR Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
AATSR Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Author : IDEAS+ AATSR QC Team (Telespazio VEGA UK) IDEAS+-VEG-OQC-REP-2117 Issue 3 14 December 2016 AATSR Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Issue 3 AMENDMENT RECORD SHEET The Amendment Record Sheet below records the history and issue status of this document. ISSUE DATE REASON 1 20 Dec 2005 Initial Issue (as AEP_REP_001) 2 02 Oct 2013 Updated with new questions and information (issued as IDEAS- VEG-OQC-REP-0955) 3 14 Dec 2016 General updates, major edits to Q37., new questions: Q17., Q25., Q26., Q28., Q32., Q38., Q39., Q48. Now issued as IDEAS+-VEG-OQC-REP-2117 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 The Third AATSR Reprocessing Dataset (IPF 6.05) ............................................................ 5 1.2 References ............................................................................................................................ 6 2. GENERAL QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................... 7 Q1. What does AATSR stand for? ........................................................................................ 7 Q2. What is AATSR and what does it do? ............................................................................ 7 Q3. What is Envisat? ............................................................................................................. 7 Q4. What orbit does Envisat use? ........................................................................................ -
In Brief Modified to Increase Engine Reliability
r bulletin 102 — may 2000 3rd Space Station ESA, together with a European industrial Element to be Launched consortium headed by DaimlerChrysler (D) and including Belgian, Dutch and French NASA and the Russian Aviation and partners, was responsible for the design, Space Agency (Rosaviakosmos) plan that development and delivery of the core data the next component of the International management system, which provides Space Station (ISS) – the Zvezda service Zvezda’s main computer. module – will be launched on 12 July from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. ESA also has a contract with Rosaviakosmos and RSC-Energia for Following a Joint Programme Review and performing system and interface a General Designers’ Review in Moscow, it integration tasks required for docking with was agreed that Zvezda (Russian for Zvezda by ESA’s Automated Transfer ‘star’) will be launched by a Proton rocket Vehicle (ATV), which will be used for ISS with the second and third stage engines re-boost and logistics support missions In Brief modified to increase engine reliability. from 2003 onwards. Through its ATV industrial consortium led by Aerospatiale Zvezda will provide the early living quarters Matra Lanceurs (F), ESA is also procuring for ISS crew, together with the life sup- some Russian hardware and software for port, electrical power distribution, data use with the ATV. management, flight control, and propul- sion systems for the ISS. On the scientific side, ESA has concluded contracts with Rosaviakosmos and RSC- Energia for the conduct of scientific experiments on Zvezda, including the Global Timing System (GTS) and a radiobiology experiment (called Matroshka) to monitor and analyse radiation doses in ISS crew. -
Status of ESA Missions
ESA Atmospheric Science Conference, Barcelona, 2009 ESA Earth Observation missions Henri Laur ESA EO Missions Management Office EO missions handled by ESA 1990 2000 METEOSAT M-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 2010 METEOSAT Second Generation MSG-1, -2, -3 METEOSAT Third Generation Meteo METOP-1, -2, -3 in cooperation with EUMETSAT ESA Earth Observation 2009 budget Science ~ 600 M€ (16.3% of ESA budget) to better ERS-1, -2 understand the Earth ENVISAT Applications Services to initiate long term monitoring systems and services ERS-1ERS-1 andand ERS-2ERS-2 missionsmissions 18 years of ERS-1/2 SAR data in the archive ERS-2 achieved 14 years in orbit in April 2009 Î ERS-2 was designed for 3 years nominal lifetime ! Platform Î no gyroscopes since 2001 Æ Gyro-less operations Î failure of the Low Bit Rate recorder in 2003 Æ set-up of a collaborative network of acquisition stations Instruments Î all instruments (but ATSR) work satisfactorily and provides useful data Î Good prospect to operate ERS-2 mission until mid-2011 Envisat MERIS (Yesterday, 6 Sep. 2009) Bordeaux Toulouse Bilbao Pyrenees ESA Atmospheric Science Conference 2009 Barcelona Zaragoza ENVISAT mission: Arctic 2007 7 years ! ~2600 Bam earthquake scientific http://www.esa.int/LivingPlanet2010/ projects First images Tectonic uplift (Andaman) + GMES pre- Hurricane operational Katrina projects Global air 09 pollution ber 20 Novem e: 15 Ozone hole 2003 eadlin acts d Abstr Chlorophyll Prestige tanker B-15A concentration oil slick iceberg CO2 map Envisat Envisat Symposium IS ER y Symposium R M R -
The Use of Sentinel-3 Imagery to Monitor Cyanobacterial Blooms
environments Article The Use of Sentinel-3 Imagery to Monitor Cyanobacterial Blooms Igor Ogashawara Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; [email protected] Received: 6 May 2019; Accepted: 1 June 2019; Published: 3 June 2019 Abstract: Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) have been a concern for aquatic systems, especially those used for water supply and recreation. Thus, the monitoring of CHABs is essential for the establishment of water governance policies. Recently, remote sensing has been used as a tool to monitor CHABs worldwide. Remote monitoring of CHABs relies on the optical properties of pigments, especially the phycocyanin (PC) and chlorophyll-a (chl-a). The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential of recent launch the Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) on-board the Sentinel-3 satellite to identify PC and chl-a. To do this, OLCI images were collected over the Western part of Lake Erie (U.S.A.) during the summer of 2016, 2017, and 2018. When comparing the use of traditional remote sensing algorithms to estimate PC and chl-a, none was able to accurately estimate both pigments. However, when single and band ratios were used to estimate these pigments, stronger correlations were found. These results indicate that spectral band selection should be re-evaluated for the development of new algorithms for OLCI images. Overall, Sentinel 3/OLCI has the potential to be used to identify PC and chl-a. However, algorithm development is needed. Keywords: phycocyanin; chlorophyll-a; water quality; Lake Erie; cyanobacteria; bio-optical modeling 1. -
Cloud Cci ATSR-2 and AATSR Dataset Version 3: a 17-Year Climatology of Global Cloud and Radiation Properties Caroline A
Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2019-217 Earth System Preprint. Discussion started: 11 December 2019 Science c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. Open Access Open Data Cloud_cci ATSR-2 and AATSR dataset version 3: a 17-year climatology of global cloud and radiation properties Caroline A. Poulsen1, Gregory R. McGarragh2, Gareth E. Thomas3,6, Martin Stengel4, Matthew W. Christensen5, Adam C. Povey7, Simon R. Proud5,6, Elisa Carboni3,6, Rainer Hollmann4, and Roy G. Grainger7 1Monash University, Melbourne, Australia 2Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK Now at Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University 3Science Technology Facility Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK 4Deutscher Wetterdienst, Frankfurter Str. 135, 63067, Offenbach, Germany 5Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK 6National Centre for Earth Observation, Reading RG6 6BB, UK 7National Centre for Earth Observation, Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K. Correspondence: Caroline Poulsen ([email protected]) Abstract. We present version 3 (V3) of the Cloud_cci ATSR-2/AATSR dataset. The dataset was created for the European Space Agency (ESA) Cloud_cci (Climate Change Initiative) program. The cloud properties were retrieved from the second Along- Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR-2) on board the second European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-2) spanning 1995-2003 and the Advanced ATSR (AATSR) on board Envisat, which spanned 2002-2012. The data comprises a comprehensive set 5 of cloud properties: cloud top height, temperature, pressure, spectral albedo, cloud effective emissivity, effective radius and optical thickness alongside derived liquid and ice water path. -
Appendix C: Insar
Dirty Little Secrets about InSAR [EarthScope 2009] C-band interferograms are decorrelated over most of the SAF and Cascadia except urban areas. Envisat is almost out of fuel and the C-band replacement is a few years away. L-band ALOS has almost no data on descending tracks. L-band ALOS has ionospheric phase variations are +/- 10 cm on some interferograms. L-band ALOS has poor orbit control (but excellent orbit occuracy). Less than 2% of the 17 Tbytes of GeoEarthScope data has been downloaded. DESDYNI the US InSAR mission will launch in 2019 (40 years after Seasat). Open source InSAR software is not of “geodetic” quality. Dirty Little Secrets about InSAR [Today] C-band interferograms are decorrelated over most of the SAF and Cascadia except urban areas. Sentinel-1A and B are both functioning. They operate in TOPS mode which is a nightmare! < 10 cm accuracy orbits are essential. L-band ALOS-1 has almost no data on descending tracks. L-band ALOS-/2 has ionospheric phase variations are +/- 100 cm on some interferograms. L-band ALOS has poor orbit control (but excellent orbit occuracy). ALOS-2 data ree morerestricted than ALOS-1 NISAR the US InSAR mission will launch in 2021 (43 years after Seasat). NISAR is only a 3-year mission! Open source InSAR software is getting better but contains some ugly code. Need a programmer to remove the deadwood and streamline the installation and testing. X-band 3 cm TerraSAR COSMO-SkyMed interferogram using data from 19 February 2009 and 9 April 2009. Perpendicular baseline is 480 m, and the satellite’s right-looking angle is 37 degrees. -
NASA's Earth Science Data Systems Program
NASA's Earth Science Data Systems Program Program Executive for Earth Science Data Systems Earth Science Division (DK) Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters February 16, 2016 5/25/2016 1 NASA Strategic Plan 2014 • Objective 2.2: Advance knowledge of Earth as a system to meet the challenges of environmental change, and to improve life on our planet. – How is the global Earth system changing? What causes these changes in the Earth system? How will Earth’s systems change in the future? How can Earth system science provide societal benefits? – NASA’s Earth science programs shape an interdisciplinary view of Earth, exploring the interaction among the atmosphere, oceans, ice sheets, land surface interior, and life itself, which enables scientists to measure global climate changes and to inform decisions by Government, organizations, and people in the United States and around the world. We make the data collected and results generated by our missions accessible to other agencies and organizations to improve the products and services they provide… 5/25/2016 2 Major Components of the Earth Science Data Systems Program • Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) – Core systems for processing, ingesting and archiving data for the Earth Science Division • Competitively Selected Programs – Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) – Advancing Collaborative Connections for Earth System Science (ACCESS) • International and Interagency Coordination and Development – CEOS Working Group on Information -
FAME-C: Cloud Property Retrieval Using Synergistic AATSR and MERIS Observations
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3873–3890, 2014 www.atmos-meas-tech.net/7/3873/2014/ doi:10.5194/amt-7-3873-2014 © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. FAME-C: cloud property retrieval using synergistic AATSR and MERIS observations C. K. Carbajal Henken, R. Lindstrot, R. Preusker, and J. Fischer Institute for Space Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), Berlin, Germany Correspondence to: C. K. Carbajal Henken ([email protected]) Received: 29 April 2014 – Published in Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss.: 19 May 2014 Revised: 17 September 2014 – Accepted: 11 October 2014 – Published: 25 November 2014 Abstract. A newly developed daytime cloud property re- trievals. Biases are generally smallest for marine stratocu- trieval algorithm, FAME-C (Freie Universität Berlin AATSR mulus clouds: −0.28, 0.41 µm and −0.18 g m−2 for cloud MERIS Cloud), is presented. Synergistic observations from optical thickness, effective radius and cloud water path, re- the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) spectively. This is also true for the root-mean-square devia- and the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), tion. Furthermore, both cloud top height products are com- both mounted on the polar-orbiting Environmental Satellite pared to cloud top heights derived from ground-based cloud (Envisat), are used for cloud screening. For cloudy pixels radars located at several Atmospheric Radiation Measure- two main steps are carried out in a sequential form. First, ment (ARM) sites. FAME-C mostly shows an underestima- a cloud optical and microphysical property retrieval is per- tion of cloud top heights when compared to radar observa- formed using an AATSR near-infrared and visible channel. -
The Space-Based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010)
WMO Space Programme SP-7 The Space-based Global Observing For more information, please contact: System in 2010 (GOS-2010) World Meteorological Organization 7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland www.wmo.int WMO Space Programme Office Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 85 19 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 84 74 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.wmo.int/pages/prog/sat/ WMO-TD No. 1513 WMO Space Programme SP-7 The Space-based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010) WMO/TD-No. 1513 2010 © World Meteorological Organization, 2010 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate these publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0)22 730 84 03 P.O. Box No. 2300 Fax: +41 (0)22 730 80 40 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] FOREWORD The launching of the world's first artificial satellite on 4 October 1957 ushered a new era of unprecedented scientific and technological achievements. And it was indeed a fortunate coincidence that the ninth session of the WMO Executive Committee – known today as the WMO Executive Council (EC) – was in progress precisely at this moment, for the EC members were very quick to realize that satellite technology held the promise to expand the volume of meteorological data and to fill the notable gaps where land-based observations were not readily available. -
Improved Quality Control for Quikscat Near Real-Time Data
JP4.6 Improved Quality Control for QuikSCAT Near Real-time Data S. Mark Leidner, Ross N. Hoffman, and Mark C. Cerniglia Atmospheric and Environmental Research Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts Abstract errors. We will illustrate the types of errors that occur due to rain contamination and ambiguity removal. SeaWinds on QuikSCAT, launched in June 1999, We will also give examples of how the quality of the provides a new source of surface wind information retrieved winds varies across the satellite track, and over the world’s oceans. This new window on global varies with wind speed. surface vector winds has been a great aid to real- SeaWinds is an active, Ku-band microwave radar time operational users, especially in remote areas operating near ¢¤£¦¥¨§ © and is sensitive to centimeter- of the world. As with in situ observations, the qual- scale or capillary waves on the ocean surface. ity of remotely-sensed geophysical data is closely These waves are usually in equilibrium with the wind. tied to the characteristics of the instrument. But Each radar backscatter observation samples a patch remotely-sensed scatterometer winds also have a of ocean about . The vector wind is re- whole range of additional quality control concerns trieved by combining several backscatter observa- different from those of in situ observation systems. tions made from multiple viewing geometries as the The retrieval of geophysical information from the raw scatterometer passes overhead. The resolution of satellite measurements introduces uncertainties but the retrieved winds is . also produces diagnostics about the reliability of the Backscatter from capillary waves on the ocean retrieved quantities. -
Highlights in Space 2010
International Astronautical Federation Committee on Space Research International Institute of Space Law 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren c/o CNES 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren UNITED NATIONS 75015 Paris, France 2 place Maurice Quentin 75015 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 Tel. + 33 1 44 76 75 10 E-mail: : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. + 33 1 44 76 74 37 URL: www.iislweb.com OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS URL: www.iafastro.com E-mail: [email protected] URL : http://cosparhq.cnes.fr Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and assisting developing countries in using space science and technology. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs P. O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-4950 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5830 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unoosa.org United Nations publication Printed in Austria USD 15 Sales No. E.11.I.3 ISBN 978-92-1-101236-1 ST/SPACE/57 *1180239* V.11-80239—January 2011—775 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law Progress in space science, technology and applications, international cooperation and space law UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 UniTEd NationS PUblication Sales no. -
The CMEMS Globcolour Chlorophyll a Product Based on Satellite Observation: Multi-Sensor Merging and flagging Strategies
Ocean Sci., 15, 819–830, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-819-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. The CMEMS GlobColour chlorophyll a product based on satellite observation: multi-sensor merging and flagging strategies Philippe Garnesson, Antoine Mangin, Odile Fanton d’Andon, Julien Demaria, and Marine Bretagnon ACRI-ST, Sophia Antipolis, 06904, France Correspondence: Philippe Garnesson ([email protected]) Received: 21 December 2018 – Discussion started: 2 January 2019 Revised: 20 May 2019 – Accepted: 21 May 2019 – Published: 24 June 2019 Abstract. This paper concerns the GlobColour-merged will require a better characterisation and additional inter- chlorophyll a products based on satellite observation (SeaW- comparison with in situ data. iFS, MERIS, MODIS, VIIRS and OLCI) and disseminated in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Service (CMEMS). This work highlights the main advantages provided by the 1 Introduction Copernicus GlobColour processor which is used to serve CMEMS with a long time series from 1997 to present at The Copernicus Marine Environmental Service (CMEMS) the global level (4 km spatial resolution) and for the Atlantic provides regular and systematic reference information on the level 4 product (1 km spatial resolution). physical state and on marine ecosystems for global oceans To compute the merged chlorophyll a product, two major and for European regional seas, including temperature, cur- topics are discussed: rents, salinity, sea surface height, sea ice, marine optical properties and other such parameters. – The first of these topics is the strategy for merging This capacity encompasses satellite and in situ data- remote-sensing data, for which two options are consid- derived products, the description of the current situation ered.