MetOp Second Generation Payload

Marc Loiselet, Ville Kangas, Ilias Manolis, Franco Fois, Salvatore d’Addio European Space Agency, ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected]

MetOp-Second Generation Satellite Instruments Instrument Provider The ESA MetOp Second Generation (MetOp-SG) Programme was approved at the ESA Council Meeting at Ministerial level in Naples in Sat-A METimage DLR via EUMETSAT November 2012. IASI-NG CNES via EUMETSAT MetOp-SG is a follow-on to the current, first generation series of MetOp satellites, which is now established as a cornerstone of the global MWS ESA – MetOp-SG network of meteorological satellites. RO ESA – MetOp-SG The MetOp-SG programme is being implemented in collaboration with EUMETSAT. 3MI ESA – MetOp-SG ESA will develop the prototype MetOp-SG satellites (including associated instruments) and procure, on behalf of EUMETSAT, the recurrent Sentinel-5 ESA – GMES satellites (and associated instruments). The overall MetOp-SG space segment architecture consists of two series of satellites (Sat-A, Sat-B), each carrying different suites of instruments and operating in LEO polar orbit. The planned launches of the first of each series of satellites Sat-B SCA ESA – MetOp-SG are at the beginning of 2021 and at end 2022, respectively. MWI ESA – MetOp-SG RO ESA – MetOp-SG More information can be found in the “MetOp Second Generation – Overview” presentation from Graeme Mason, Hubert Barré, Maurizio ICI ESA – MetOp-SG Betto, ESA-ESTEC, The Netherlands. Argos-4 CNES via EUMETSAT

Payload ESA is responsible for instrument design of six instruments, namely the MicroWave Sounder (MWS), Scatterometer (SCA), the Radio Occultation (RO), the MicroWave Imaging (MWI), the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI), and the Multi-viewing, Multi-channel, Multi-polarisation imager (3MI). Four other instruments (addressed in sessions of the ESA Living Planet Symposium) will complete the payload : METimage from DLR, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Instrument New Generation (IASI-NG) from CNES, Sentinel-5 from ESA via GMES Programme and Argos-4 from CNES.

MetOp-SG is required to ensure the continuity of these essential meteorological observations. Its payload will bring improved accuracy / resolution of the measurements, and also add new measurements (frequencies, channels) and missions (MWI, ICI, 3MI).

MicroWave Sounder (MWS) Mission Objectives Scatterometer (SCA) (Instrument Prime: Astrium Ltd. UK) (Instrument Prime: to be selected in 2014) Mission Objectives • Temperature and water vapor profiles in clear and cloudy air • Ocean surface wind vectors • Cloud liquid water columns •Soil moisture • Continuation of AMSU/MHS/ATMS • Snow equivalent water • Sea-ice extent and type • Cross-Track Scanning Microwave Radiometer Main Performances • 24 channels, 23.8 GHz – 229 GHz, single • Horizontal resolution: Nominal: (25km)2, Courtesy of Astrium Ltd. polarisation High: (17-22 km)2 Channel Frequency (GHz) Utilisation name MWS-1 23.8 Water-vapour column MWS-2 31.4 Window, water-vapour column • Nominal Radiometric resolution: MWS-3 50.3 Quasi-window, surface emissivity MWS-4 52.8 Temperature profile MWS-5 53.246±0.08 Temperature profile  3 % for i  25 at 4 m/s cross-wind MWS-6 53.596±0.115 Temperature profile MWS-7 53.948±0.081 Temperature profile (VV) MWS-8 54.4 Temperature profile Main Performances MWS-9 54.94 Temperature profile  (0.175 – 1.375) % for   25 at 4 MWS-10 55.5 Temperature profile i i MWS-11 57.290344 Temperature profile MWS-12 57.290344±0.217 Temperature profile • Small footprint (40km/20km/17km) m/s cross-wind (VV) MWS-13 57.290344 ±0.3222±0.048 Temperature profile 2 MWS-14 57.290344±0.3222±0.022 Temperature profile • Very good NEDT • Wind scatterometer, C-band • Horizontal sampling: Nominal: (12.5km) , MWS-15 57.290344±0.3222±0.010 Temperature profile High: (12.5km)2 MWS-16 57.290344±0.3222±0.0045 Temperature profile • Extremely comprehensive characterisation of • Six antennas (3 on both sides of the satellite MWS-17 89 Window radiometric, spectral and spatial performance • 99% coverage in 48 hours MWS-18 165.5±0.725 Quasi-window, water-vapour profile ground-track), VV polarisation MWS-19 183.311±7.0 Water-vapour profile, precipitation MWS-20 183.311±4.5 Water-vapour profile • More Channels compared to previous • Minimum incidence angle : 20 degrees MWS-21 183.311±3.0 Water-vapour profile • Observation of extreme winds with VH MWS-22 183.311±1.8 Water-vapour profile microwave sounding instruments MWS-23 183.311±1.0 Water-vapour profile polarisation MWS-24 229 Quasi-window water-vapour profile

MicroWave Imager (MWI) Multi-viewing, Multi-channel, Multi-polarisation Imaging mission (3MI) (Instrument Prime: Compagnia Generale per lo Spazio CGS S.p.A. IT) (Instrument Prime: Selex ES IT) Mission Objectives Mission Objectives • Conically Scanning Microwave Radiometer • 2D pushbroom imager • Aerosol characterisation for NWP, climate • Cloud and Precipitation Products • 26 Channels, 18.7 GHz – 183 GHz • Filter wheel (33 filter slots) monitoring, atmospheric chemistry and air quality • Water Vapour and Temperature Gross Profiles • Channels up to 89 GHz have dual • Detectors: CCD for VNIR, HgCdTe for SWIR • Cloud detection/phase/optical thickness polarisation • All weather surface imagery including: • Aerosol effective radius/height/optical • Channels 118 GHz – 183 GHz have V • Sea surface wind polarisation only depth/type • Sea ice coverage (and type) • New instrument with heritage from Polder Channel Frequency (GHz) Utilisation name • Snow coverage, depth and water equivalent MWI-1 18.7 Precipitation over sea MWI-2 23.8 Total column water vapour over sea • Continuation of SSMI/TMI/SSMIS

MWI-3 31.4 Precipitation over sea and (marginally) land Channel Central Channel Polarization Wavelength Spectral (*) MWI-4 50.3 (µm) Width MWI-5 52.61 Precipitation over sea and land including Main Performances (µm) drizzle, snowfall, height and depth of the (**) MWI-6 53.24 melting layer 3MI-2 0.410 0.02 Y Main Performances Courtesy of Selex ES. MWI-7 53.75 • Good NEDT 3MI-3 0.443 0.02 Y 3MI-4 0.490 0.02 Y MWI-8 89 Precipitation (sea & land) & snowfall 3MI-5 0.555 0.02 Y • High polarisation sensitivity MWI-9 118.7503±4.0 • Internal calibration targets 3MI-6 0.670 0.02 Y VNIR MWI-10 118.7503±2.1 Precipitation over sea and land including 3MI -7 0.763 0.01 N light precipitation and snowfall, height and • Very stringent straylight requirements MWI-11 118.7503±1.4 depth of the melting layer 3MI -8 0.754 0.02 N MWI-12 118.7503±1.2 • Extremely comprehensive characterisation 3MI -9 0.865 0.04 Y 3MI-9a 0.910 0.02 N • SSD: 4km Quasi-window, water-vapour profile, of radiometric, spectral and spatial MWI-13 165.5±0.725 3MI -10 1.370 0.04 Y precipitation over land, snowfall performance 3MI -11 1.650 0.04 Y SWIR • Swath: 2200 km MWI-14 183.31±7.0 3MI -12 2.130 0.04 Y MWI-15 183.31±6.1 3MI Spectral Channel Definition MWI-16 183.31±4.9 Water vapour profile and snowfall • Large number of channels (118 and 183 • 14 views for VNIR, 12 views for SWIR MWI-17 183.31±3.4 (*) N (resp. Y) stands for unpolarised (resp. polarised) channels (**) Reduced performances MWI-18 183.31±2.0 Courtesy of CGS S.p.A. GHz)

Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) Radio Occultation (RO) Mission Objectives (Instrument Prime: EADS CASA Espacio ES) Mission Objectives (Instrument Prime: RUAG Space SW) • Temperature Profile • Cloud Ice Retrieval • Atmospheric limb sounder for NWP and • Conically Scanning mm/sub-mm • Water Vapour Profile Radiometer • Cloud Ice Water Path climate monitoring • Tropopause height • 13 Channels, 183 GHz – 664 GHz • Cirrus Clouds • Two occultation antennas • Height of planetary boundary layers • Dual polarisation for channels 243 GHz and • Water Vapour • One zenith antenna • Surface Pressure 664 GHz, others V polarisation only • GPS, Galileo, Compass, GLONASS signals

Channel name Frequency (GHz) Utilisation

ICI-1 183.31±7.0

Water vapour profile and Main Performances ICI-2 183.31±3.4 GNSS signals snowfall Courtesy of EADS CASA Espacio for navigation ICI-3 183.31±2.0 • Bending angle accuracy: 0.5µrad at

Quasi-window, cloud ice 35km altitude ICI-4 243.2±2.5 retrieval, cirrus clouds Main Performances Flight • 1100 occultations per day (GPS+Galileo) MetOp-SG direction ICI-5 325.15±9.5 • New spectral range (all channels at/above • Closed loop and Open loop on L1 and L5 ICI-6 325.15±3.5 Cloud ice effective radius 243GHz are new) GNSS signals GNSS signals ICI-7 325.15±1.5 for occultation for occultation Courtesy of RUAG Space AB • Minimum SLTA: -300km ICI-8 448±7.2 • Footprints of 15km for all channels Cloud ice water path and ICI-9 448±3.0 • Use of Pilot signals cirrus • Good NEDT ICI-10 448±1.4 • Ionospheric information Cirrus clouds, • Extremely comprehensive characterisation of ICI-11 664±4.2 cloud ice water path radiometric, spectral and spatial performance