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Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 Mission Overview and Status Craig Donlon – Sentinel-3 Mission Scientist and Ferran Gascon – Sentinel-2 QC manager and others @ESA IOCCG-21, Santa Monica, USA 1-3rd March 2016 Overview – What is Copernicus? – Sentinel-2 mission and status – Sentinel-3 mission and status Sentinel-3A OLCI first light Svalbard: 29 Feb 14:07:45-14:09:45 UTC Bands 4, 6 and 7 (of 21) at 490, 560, 620 nm Spain and Gibraltar 1 March 10:32:48-10:34:48 UTC California USA 29 Feb 17:44:54-17:46:54 UTC What is Copernicus? Space Component In-Situ Services A European Data Component response to global needs 6 What is Copernicus? – Space in Action for You! • A source of information for policymakers, industry, scientists, business and the public • A European response to global issues: • manage the environment; • understand and to mitigate the effects of climate change; • ensure civil security • A user-driven programme of services for environment and security • An integrated Earth Observation system (combining space-based and in-situ data with Earth System Models) Components & Competences Coordinators: Partners: Private Space Industries companies Component National Space Agencies Overall Programme EMCWF EMSA Mercator snd Ocean Coordination FRONTEX Service Services operators Component EUSC EEA JRC In-situ data are supporting the Space and Services Components Copernicus Funding Funding for Development Funding for Operational Phase until 2013 (c.e.c.): Phase as from 2014 (c.e.c.): ~€ 3.7 B (from ESA and € 4.3 B for the EU) whole programme (from EU) ~€ 3 B ~€ 0.7 B for space for services € 2.3 B Space Component funding by ESA (ESA’s entrusted tasks) € 3.1 B € 0.8 B by EU (FP7, GIO and Grant) Planned Sentinel Schedule Etna slopes sentinel-2 Sentinel-2 Mission Overview • Spacecraft: 2 operating in twin configuration • Orbit: Sun-synchronous at 786 km (14+3/10 revs per day), with LTDN 10:30 AM • MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI): operating in pushbroom principle, filter based optical system • Spectral bands: 13 (VIS–NIR–SWIR spectral domains) • Spatial resolution: 10m / 20m / 60m • Swath: 290 km Sentinel-2 A/B/C/D Sentinel-2 Second Generation A/B Sentinel-2 swath & coverage SPOT5 60 x 60 km2 High revisit time (5 days at equator) assured by twin 2 IRS P6 LISS III 141x141 km satellite observations Landsat ETM+ 180 x 172 km2 performed over a very large swath Sentinel-2 290 x 290 km2 !! Geographical Coverage: • All land masses 56° S bis 83° N incl. major islands All EU Islands < 20 km off the coast • All Mediterranean • Inland waters and all closed seas Satellite and Instrument MultiSpectral instrument Satellite • Filter based push broom imager (280 kg, 1 m3) • Satellite mass: 1200 kg • Three mirrors silicon carbide telescope, with • Satellite power consumption: 1250 W dichroic beam splitter • Hydrazine propulsion system (120 kg - including • Focal plane arrays: Si CMOS VNIR detectors, provision for safe mode, debris avoidance and EOL HgCdTe SWIR detectors. orbit decrease for faster re-entry) • Onboard wavelet compression (divided by 3) • Accurate AOCS based on multi-head Star Tracker and fiber optic gyro • Integrated video & compression electronics (state of the art wavelet compression) • X band mission data distribution (520 Mbits/sec) • Radiometric resolution 12bits • Mission data onboard storage: 2.4 Tbits • Daily generated telemetry: 1.4 TB Sentinel-2 Mission Highlights • 2 Satellites in twin formation, • Sun-synchronous orbit at 786 km (14+3/10 revs/day), with LTDN 10:30 AM • Revisit: 5 days at equator (with 2 satellites) under same viewing conditions; • Multispectral Instrument: pushbroom with 13 bands in the VNIR and SWIR • High spatial resolution: 10m, 20m and 60m; • Wide field of view: 290 km • Duty cycle: average 17 min/orbit, maximum 32 min/orbit • Lifetime: 7.25 years, extendable to 12 years Sentinel-2A Launch last night! June 23rd 2015 Sentinel-2 Products Name High-level Description Production Preservation Volume Strategy Level-1B Top-of-atmophere Systematic Long-term ˜27 MB radiances in sensor (each 25x23km2) geometry Level-1C Top-of-atmosphere Systematic Long-term ˜500 MB reflectances in cartographic (each 100x100km2) geometry Level-2A Bottom-of-atmosphere On user N/A ˜600 MB reflectances in cartographic side* (each 100x100km2) geometry (prototype (using product) Sentinel-2 Toolbox**) *: The possibility of a systematic global production of L2A is currently being explored. **: https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/toolboxes/sentinel-2 Level-1C / Algorithm Level-0 Level-0 Level-1A Level-1B Level-1C Consolidated TELEMETRY ANALYSIS DECOMPESSION RESAMPLING RADIOMETRIC - Geometry interpolation CORRECTIONS grid computation, - Resampling (B-splines). - Inv. on-board equalization, - Dark signal correction, - Blind pixels removal, - Cross-talk correction, PRELIMINARY QUICK- SWIR PIXELS - Relative response correction, LOOK AND CLOUD REARRANGEMENT - Defective/no-data correction, MASK GENERATION - Deconvolution/Denoising, CONVERSION TO - Binning of 60m bands. REFLECTANCES PREVIEW IMAGE AND MASKS GENERATION GEOMETRIC VIEWING (defective pixels, cloud & MODEL REFINEMENT land/water) - Refining of the viewing model using a global set of reference images, - Registration between VNIR and SWIR focal planes (optional). algorithms developed in cooperation with S2 assumption on coastal acquisitions 20 km offshore 280 km swath – lots of data. https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/web /sentinel/missions/sentinel- 2/acquisition-plans Products Qualification On-going data quality report on-line athttps://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/685 211/Sentinel-2+Data+Quality+Report Level-1 Products Pre-Qualification Absolute geolocation performances (without geometric refinement) measured over 17 test sites. Measurements in line with requirements. Level-1 Products Pre-Qualification Multi-spectral registration performances measured show that the mean circular error over all band couples and detectors is lower than 0.23 pixel of the coarser band. Level-1 Products Pre-Qualification Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) calculated from images of the MSI sun diffuser. Measured SNR values largely exceeding requirements. REQUIREMENTS S2-MPC RESULTS SNR@Lref Lref SNR Margin Band/Unit - W/m2/Sr/μm - % B01 129 129.0 1016,50 688 B02 154 128.0 201,90 31 B03 168 128.0 228,60 36 B04 142 108.0 214,50 51 B05 117 74.5 238,50 104 B06 89 68.0 206,10 132 B07 105 67.0 208,80 99 B08 174 103.0 208,10 20 B8A 72 52.5 153,10 113 B09 114 9.0 164,70 44 San Francisco Bay Coastal Monitoring Algae bloom, Baltic Sea Venice boats breakwater surface effects Courtesy K. Ruddick, D. V.d. Zande, RBINS Copernicus Sentinel data 2015, RBINS processing Coral Reefs Monitoring London Wind Turbine Array (E. Channel) (Quinten Vanhellemont & Kevin Ruddick, RBINS) 490nm native 10m resolution Hartog/Dorre Island, West Australia Sentinel–3 Mission Overview • Operational mission in high-inclination, low Earth orbit • Full performance achieved with 2 satellites in orbit (S-3A,-3B) Topography Mission Payload Optical Mission Payload providing providing Sea surface topography data, Sea and land color data, through a Topo P/L including a Ku-/C- through OLCI (Ocean and band Synthetic Aperture Radar Land Color Instrument) Altimeter (SRAL), a bi-frequency Sea and land surface MicroWave Radiometer (MWR), and temperature, through the a Precise Orbit Determination SLSTR (Sea and Land (POD) including Surface Temperature . GNSS Receiver Radiometer) . DORIS . Laser Retro-Reflector In addition, the payload design will allow Data continuity of the Vegetation instrument (on SPOT4/5), Enhanced fire monitoring capabilities Sentinel-3a launch from Plesetsk Cosmodrome 16th February 2016 Sentinel-3a launch from Plesetsk Cosmodrome 16th February 2016 (Credit: Antero Isola) Sentinel-3: Satellite Orbit details S3B has a 180° phase separation on the same orbital plane Instrument Swath Patterns Ground Track Patterns S3-A S3-B SRAL tracks at the equator: S3A = 104 km track separation S3A+B = 52 km separation 2 days SRAL (>2 km) and MWR (20 km) nadir track 1400 km SLSTR (nadir) 1 Repeat Cycle 740 km SLSTR (oblique) 1270 km OLCI (27 days) SRAL orbit drivers: • Ground track repeatability, Orbit type Repeating frozen SSO • Dense spatial sampling Repeat cycle 27 days (14 + 7/27 orbits/day) Orbit control requirement: LTDN 10:00 • Ground track dead-band ±1km Average altitude 815 km Inclination 98.65° Sentinel-3 Optical Coverage (2 satellites with 180° phase separation) OLCI mean 2.0 revisit time with 2 Days satellites 0.5 1.0 SLSTR nadir- view mean revisit time Days with 2 satellites 0.2 S3 OLCI: Technical details Basic configuration similar to MERIS: • 5 Camera Optical Sub Assemblies (COSA), • 5 Focal Plane Assemblies (FPA), • 5 Video Acquisition Modules (VAM), • 1 Scrambling Window Assembly (SWA), • 1 OLCI Electronic Unit (OEU) managing all the instrument functions, • 1 calibration assembly allowing radiometric and spectral calibration. Optical layout Ocean and Land Colour Imager λ center Width Compared to MERIS: MERIS Bands Yellow substanace/detrital 412.5 10 100% overlap with SLSTR pigments • Chl. Abs. Max 442.5 10 • More spectral bands (from 15 to Chl & other pigments 490 10 21): 400-1020 nm Susp. Sediments, red tide 510 10 Chl. Abs. Min 560 10 • Broader swath: 1270 km Suspended sediment 620 10 Chl. Abs, Chl. fluorescence 665 10 • Full res. 300m acquired Chl. fluorescence peak 681.25 7.5 systematically for land & ocean Chl. fluorescence ref., Atm. Corr. 708.75 10 Vegetation, clouds 753.75 7.5 • Improved characterization, e.g. O2 R-branch abs. 761.25 2.5 straylight, camera boundary O2 P-branch abs. 778.75 15 characterization Atm corr 865 20 Vegetation, H2O vap. Ref. 885 10 • Timeliness: 3 hours NRT Level 2 H O vap., Land 900 10 product 2 New OLCI bands λ center Width Aerosol, in-water property 400 15 Reduced sun glint by camera tilt in Fluorescence retrieval 673.75 7.5 Atmospheric parameter 764.375 3.75 west (12.6°) Cloud top pressure 767.5 2.5 Atmos./aerosol correction 940 20 Atmos./aerosol correction 1020 40 Multi-sensor time series Band Set of OLCI in the Visible and the Near Infra-Red SLSTR (After S.
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    ESPInsights The Global Space Activity Monitor Issue 6 April-June 2020 CONTENTS FOCUS ..................................................................................................................... 6 The Crew Dragon mission to the ISS and the Commercial Crew Program ..................................... 6 SPACE POLICY AND PROGRAMMES .................................................................................... 7 EUROPE ................................................................................................................. 7 COVID-19 and the European space sector ....................................................................... 7 Space technologies for European defence ...................................................................... 7 ESA Earth Observation Missions ................................................................................... 8 Thales Alenia Space among HLS competitors ................................................................... 8 Advancements for the European Service Module ............................................................... 9 Airbus for the Martian Sample Fetch Rover ..................................................................... 9 New appointments in ESA, GSA and Eurospace ................................................................ 10 Italy introduces Platino, regions launch Mirror Copernicus .................................................. 10 DLR new research observatory ..................................................................................