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Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document Copernicus Global Land Operations – Lot 1 Date Issued: 20.07.2018 Issue: I2.21 Copernicus Global Land Operations “Vegetation and Energy” ”CGLOPS-1” Framework Service Contract N° 199494 (JRC) ALGORITHM THEORETICAL BASIS DOCUMENT TOP OF CANOPY NORMALIZED REFLECTANCE (TOC-R) COLLECTION 1KM VERSION 1.5 Issue 2.21 Organization name of lead contractor for this deliverable: METEO-France Book Captain: Dominique Carrer (METEO-France) Contributing Authors: Bruno Smets, Else Swinnen (VITO) Xavier Ceamanos (METEO-France) Jean-Louis Roujean (former METEO-France) Copernicus Global Land Operations – Lot 1 Date Issued: 20.07.2018 Issue: I2.21 Dissemination Level PU Public X PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Document-No. CGLOPS1_ATBD_TOCR1km-V1.5 © C-GLOPS1 consortium Issue: I2.21 Date: 20.07.2018 Page: 2 of 35 Copernicus Global Land Operations – Lot 1 Date Issued: 20.07.2018 Issue: I2.21 Document Release Sheet Book captain: Dominique Carrer Sign Date 20.07.2018 Approval: Roselyne Lacaze Sign Date 20.07.2018 Endorsement: Michael Cherlet Sign Date Distribution: Public Document-No. CGLOPS1_ATBD_TOCR1km-V1.5 © C-GLOPS1 consortium Issue: I2.21 Date: 20.07.2018 Page: 3 of 35 Copernicus Global Land Operations – Lot 1 Date Issued: 20.07.2018 Issue: I2.21 Change Record Issue/Rev Date Page(s) Description of Change Release 24.06.2014 All First Issue - SPOT/VGT products I1.00 I1.00 16.01.2015 All Clarifications according to external review I1.10 I1.10 22.01.2015 All Adaptation to PROBA-V products I2.00 I2.00 06.07.2015 18 Correct sun zenith angle for normalisation I2.01 I2.01 30.11.2017 All Description of TOC-r Version 1.5 I2.10 I2.10 05.02.2018 15, 31 Update references I2.11 15, 17-19, I2.11 28.06.2018 21-22, 25, Update after external review I2.20 29-30 I2.21 20.07.2018 21 Minor editorial correction I2.21 Document-No. CGLOPS1_ATBD_TOCR1km-V1.5 © C-GLOPS1 consortium Issue: I2.21 Date: 20.07.2018 Page: 4 of 35 Copernicus Global Land Operations – Lot 1 Date Issued: 20.07.2018 Issue: I2.21 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. 10 1 Background of the document ............................................................................................. 11 1.1 Scope and Objectives............................................................................................................. 11 1.2 Content of the document....................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Related documents ............................................................................................................... 11 1.3.1 Applicable documents ................................................................................................................................ 11 1.3.2 Input ............................................................................................................................................................ 11 1.3.3 Output ......................................................................................................................................................... 12 1.3.4 External documents .................................................................................................................................... 12 2 Review of Users Requirements ........................................................................................... 13 3 Methodology Description .................................................................................................. 15 3.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 15 3.2 Input data ............................................................................................................................. 16 3.2.1 Nominal satellite data ................................................................................................................................. 16 3.2.2 Ancillary data .............................................................................................................................................. 19 3.3 Output product ..................................................................................................................... 19 3.4 The retrieval Algorithm ......................................................................................................... 20 3.4.1 Outline ........................................................................................................................................................ 20 3.4.2 Basic underlying assumptions ..................................................................................................................... 21 3.4.3 Related and previous applications .............................................................................................................. 21 3.4.4 Alternative methodologies currently in use ............................................................................................... 22 3.4.5 Methodology pre-processing ...................................................................................................................... 22 3.4.6 Methodology Normalization ....................................................................................................................... 24 3.4.7 Limitations .................................................................................................................................................. 29 3.5 Quality Information ............................................................................................................... 29 3.6 Risk of failure and Mitigation measures ................................................................................. 30 4 References ........................................................................................................................ 31 Annex 1: Inter-calibration coefficients ...................................................................................... 33 Annex 2: Parameters used for the directional normalization ..................................................... 34 Annex 3: Domain of Validity ..................................................................................................... 35 Document-No. CGLOPS1_ATBD_TOCR1km-V1.5 © C-GLOPS1 consortium Issue: I2.21 Date: 20.07.2018 Page: 5 of 35 Copernicus Global Land Operations – Lot 1 Date Issued: 20.07.2018 Issue: I2.21 List of Figures Figure 1: Spectral Response Functions of VGT1, VGT2, and the three PROBA-V cameras, superimposed with a spectrum of green grass (Blue, Red, NIR and SWIR bands, respectively). .............................................................................................................................................. 17 Figure 2: PROBA-V instrument layout ........................................................................................... 18 Figure 3: Flow chart of the TOC-r algorithm. ................................................................................. 20 Figure 4: Angular dependence of the geometric (left) and volumetric (right) scattering kernels of the reflectance model introduced by Roujean et al. (1992). Negative zenith angle values correspond to the back scattering direction (relative azimuth angle =0°) and positive zenith angle values to the forward scattering direction ( =180°). ..................................................... 26 Document-No. CGLOPS1_ATBD_TOCR1km-V1.5 © C-GLOPS1 consortium Issue: I2.21 Date: 20.07.2018 Page: 6 of 35 Copernicus Global Land Operations – Lot 1 Date Issued: 20.07.2018 Issue: I2.21 List of Tables Table 1: WMO Requirements for Earth surface short-wave bidirectional reflectance [source: http://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/variables/view/55]. ................................................................. 14 Table 2: Spectral characteristics of VEGETATION 2 sensor ......................................................... 16 Table 3: Spectral characteristics of the PROBA-V sensor ............................................................. 18 Table 4 : Algorithm differences between successive versions of TOC-r product ........................... 21 Table 5: Quality flag associated with the normalized TOC-r .......................................................... 30 Document-No. CGLOPS1_ATBD_TOCR1km-V1.5 © C-GLOPS1 consortium Issue: I2.21 Date: 20.07.2018 Page: 7 of 35 Copernicus Global Land Operations – Lot 1 Date Issued: 20.07.2018 Issue: I2.21 List of Acronyms AOPC Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate ATBD Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document ADEOS Advanced Earth Observing Satellite AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer B0, B2, B3 Spectral bands of the SPOT/VEGETATION sensor, in the blue, red and near infrared, respectively. BRDF Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function CCD Charge-Coupled Device CGLS Copernicus Global Land Service CYCLOPES Carbon cYcle and Change in Land Observational Products from an Ensemble of Satellites ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts EPTOMS Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer FP-5, -6, -7 5th, 6th, 7th Framework research Program of the European Union GCOS Global Climate Observing System GLC2000 Global Land Cover
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