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AATSR Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
AATSR Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Author : IDEAS+ AATSR QC Team (Telespazio VEGA UK) IDEAS+-VEG-OQC-REP-2117 Issue 3 14 December 2016 AATSR Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Issue 3 AMENDMENT RECORD SHEET The Amendment Record Sheet below records the history and issue status of this document. ISSUE DATE REASON 1 20 Dec 2005 Initial Issue (as AEP_REP_001) 2 02 Oct 2013 Updated with new questions and information (issued as IDEAS- VEG-OQC-REP-0955) 3 14 Dec 2016 General updates, major edits to Q37., new questions: Q17., Q25., Q26., Q28., Q32., Q38., Q39., Q48. Now issued as IDEAS+-VEG-OQC-REP-2117 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 The Third AATSR Reprocessing Dataset (IPF 6.05) ............................................................ 5 1.2 References ............................................................................................................................ 6 2. GENERAL QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................... 7 Q1. What does AATSR stand for? ........................................................................................ 7 Q2. What is AATSR and what does it do? ............................................................................ 7 Q3. What is Envisat? ............................................................................................................. 7 Q4. What orbit does Envisat use? ........................................................................................ -
Back to the the Future? 07> Probing the Kuiper Belt
SpaceFlight A British Interplanetary Society publication Volume 62 No.7 July 2020 £5.25 SPACE PLANES: back to the the future? 07> Probing the Kuiper Belt 634089 The man behind the ISS 770038 Remembering Dr Fred Singer 9 CONTENTS Features 16 Multiple stations pledge We look at a critical assessment of the way science is conducted at the International Space Station and finds it wanting. 18 The man behind the ISS 16 The Editor reflects on the life of recently Letter from the Editor deceased Jim Beggs, the NASA Administrator for whom the building of the ISS was his We are particularly pleased this supreme achievement. month to have two features which cover the spectrum of 22 Why don’t we just wing it? astronautical activities. Nick Spall Nick Spall FBIS examines the balance between gives us his critical assessment of winged lifting vehicles and semi-ballistic both winged and blunt-body re-entry vehicles for human space capsules, arguing that the former have been flight and Alan Stern reports on his grossly overlooked. research at the very edge of the 26 Parallels with Apollo 18 connected solar system – the Kuiper Belt. David Baker looks beyond the initial return to the We think of the internet and Moon by astronauts and examines the plan for a how it helps us communicate and sustained presence on the lunar surface. stay in touch, especially in these times of difficulty. But the fact that 28 Probing further in the Kuiper Belt in less than a lifetime we have Alan Stern provides another update on the gone from a tiny bleeping ball in pioneering work of New Horizons. -
In Brief Modified to Increase Engine Reliability
r bulletin 102 — may 2000 3rd Space Station ESA, together with a European industrial Element to be Launched consortium headed by DaimlerChrysler (D) and including Belgian, Dutch and French NASA and the Russian Aviation and partners, was responsible for the design, Space Agency (Rosaviakosmos) plan that development and delivery of the core data the next component of the International management system, which provides Space Station (ISS) – the Zvezda service Zvezda’s main computer. module – will be launched on 12 July from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. ESA also has a contract with Rosaviakosmos and RSC-Energia for Following a Joint Programme Review and performing system and interface a General Designers’ Review in Moscow, it integration tasks required for docking with was agreed that Zvezda (Russian for Zvezda by ESA’s Automated Transfer ‘star’) will be launched by a Proton rocket Vehicle (ATV), which will be used for ISS with the second and third stage engines re-boost and logistics support missions In Brief modified to increase engine reliability. from 2003 onwards. Through its ATV industrial consortium led by Aerospatiale Zvezda will provide the early living quarters Matra Lanceurs (F), ESA is also procuring for ISS crew, together with the life sup- some Russian hardware and software for port, electrical power distribution, data use with the ATV. management, flight control, and propul- sion systems for the ISS. On the scientific side, ESA has concluded contracts with Rosaviakosmos and RSC- Energia for the conduct of scientific experiments on Zvezda, including the Global Timing System (GTS) and a radiobiology experiment (called Matroshka) to monitor and analyse radiation doses in ISS crew. -
SP-717 Cryosat 2013
ANALYSIS OF THE IN-FLIGHT INJECTION OF THE LISA PATHFINDER TEST-MASS INTO A GEODESIC Daniele Bortoluzzi (1,2) on behalf of the LISA Pathfinder Collaboration(*), Davide Vignotto (1), Andrea Zambotti (1), Ingo Köker(3), Hans Rozemeijer(4), Jose Mendes(4), Paolo Sarra(5), Andrea Moroni(5), Paolo Lorenzi(5) (1) University of Trento, Department of Industrial Engineering, via Sommarive, 9 - 38123 Trento, Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (2) Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, Italy. (3) AIRBUS DS GmbH, Willy-Messerschmitt-Strasse 1 Ottobrunn, 85521, Germany, Email: [email protected] (4) European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany, Email: [email protected], [email protected] (5) OHB Italia S.p.A., via Gallarate, 150 – 20151 Milano, Italy, Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (*) Full list and affiliations attached in the end of the document ABSTRACT surroundings housing. The sensing body, from the locked condition, has then to LISA Pathfinder is a mission that demonstrates some key be released into free-fall to start the in-flight operations; technologies for the measurement of gravitational waves. as a consequence, the release into free-fall of the proof The mission goal is to set two test masses (TMs) into mass is a critical aspect for these missions, since it is a purely geodesic trajectories. The grabbing positioning necessary step to start the science phase. Different and release mechanism (GPRM) grabs and releases each technologies are nowadays available to perform a release TM from any position inside its housing. -
Roll Calibration for Cryosat-2: a Comprehensive Approach
remote sensing Technical Note Roll Calibration for CryoSat-2: A Comprehensive Approach Albert Garcia-Mondéjar 1,* , Michele Scagliola 2 , Noel Gourmelen 3,4 , Jerome Bouffard 5 and Mònica Roca 1 1 isardSAT S.L., Barcelona Advanced Industry Park, 08042 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 2 Aresys SRL, 20132 Milano, Italy; [email protected] 3 School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK; [email protected] 4 IPGS UMR 7516, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France 5 ESA ESRIN, 00044 Frascati, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: CryoSat-2 is the first satellite mission carrying a high pulse repetition frequency radar altimeter with interferometric capability on board. Across track interferometry allows the angle to the point of closest approach to be determined by combining echoes received by two antennas and knowledge of their orientation. Accurate information of the platform mispointing angles, in particular of the roll, is crucial to determine the angle of arrival in the across-track direction with sufficient accuracy. As a consequence, different methods were designed in the CryoSat-2 calibration plan in order to estimate interferometer performance along with the mission and to assess the roll’s contribution to the accuracy of the angle of arrival. In this paper, we present the comprehensive approach used in the CryoSat-2 Mission to calibrate the roll mispointing angle, combining analysis from external calibration of both man-made targets, i.e., transponder and natural targets. The roll calibration approach for CryoSat-2 is proven to guarantee that the interferometric measurements are exceeding the expected performance. -
Download The
Research. Innovation. Sustainability PLANS FOR A NEW WAVE OF EUROPEAN SENTINEL SATELLITES The most ambitious and comprehensive plans ever for the European space sector, were approved at the end of 2019, with a total budget of ¤14.5 billion for the European Space Agency for the next three years – a 20% increase over the previous three-year budget. The decision allows a direct uplift to Europe’s Earth observation capability, expanding Copernicus – the European Union’s flagship Earth observation programme – with a suite of new, high-priority satellite missions. In this explainer we delve into the improvements and what they mean for sustainability and climate science. What is the Copernicus Programme? Copernicus is the European Union’s Earth observation programme, coordinated by the European Commission in partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA), EU Member States and other EU Agencies. Established in 2014, it builds on ESA’s Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme. Copernicus encompasses a system of satellites, airborne data, and ground stations supplying global monitoring data and operational services on a free-of-charge basis across six themes: atmosphere, marine, land, climate, emergency response and security. The Sentinel System – new and improved At the centre of the programme sits the Copernicus Space Component, which includes a family of satellites known collectively as Sentinels. These spacecraft provide routine atmospheric, oceanic, cryosphere and land global monitoring data, which are made freely available for Copernicus Services and major research and commercial applications such as precision farming, environmental hazards monitoring, weather forecasting and climate resilience. The soon-to-be-expanded Sentinel system will incorporate six high-priority missions. -
FAME-C: Cloud Property Retrieval Using Synergistic AATSR and MERIS Observations
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3873–3890, 2014 www.atmos-meas-tech.net/7/3873/2014/ doi:10.5194/amt-7-3873-2014 © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. FAME-C: cloud property retrieval using synergistic AATSR and MERIS observations C. K. Carbajal Henken, R. Lindstrot, R. Preusker, and J. Fischer Institute for Space Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), Berlin, Germany Correspondence to: C. K. Carbajal Henken ([email protected]) Received: 29 April 2014 – Published in Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss.: 19 May 2014 Revised: 17 September 2014 – Accepted: 11 October 2014 – Published: 25 November 2014 Abstract. A newly developed daytime cloud property re- trievals. Biases are generally smallest for marine stratocu- trieval algorithm, FAME-C (Freie Universität Berlin AATSR mulus clouds: −0.28, 0.41 µm and −0.18 g m−2 for cloud MERIS Cloud), is presented. Synergistic observations from optical thickness, effective radius and cloud water path, re- the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) spectively. This is also true for the root-mean-square devia- and the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), tion. Furthermore, both cloud top height products are com- both mounted on the polar-orbiting Environmental Satellite pared to cloud top heights derived from ground-based cloud (Envisat), are used for cloud screening. For cloudy pixels radars located at several Atmospheric Radiation Measure- two main steps are carried out in a sequential form. First, ment (ARM) sites. FAME-C mostly shows an underestima- a cloud optical and microphysical property retrieval is per- tion of cloud top heights when compared to radar observa- formed using an AATSR near-infrared and visible channel. -
Highlights in Space 2010
International Astronautical Federation Committee on Space Research International Institute of Space Law 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren c/o CNES 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren UNITED NATIONS 75015 Paris, France 2 place Maurice Quentin 75015 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 Tel. + 33 1 44 76 75 10 E-mail: : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. + 33 1 44 76 74 37 URL: www.iislweb.com OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS URL: www.iafastro.com E-mail: [email protected] URL : http://cosparhq.cnes.fr Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and assisting developing countries in using space science and technology. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs P. O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-4950 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5830 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unoosa.org United Nations publication Printed in Austria USD 15 Sales No. E.11.I.3 ISBN 978-92-1-101236-1 ST/SPACE/57 *1180239* V.11-80239—January 2011—775 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law Progress in space science, technology and applications, international cooperation and space law UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 UniTEd NationS PUblication Sales no. -
Sentinel-1A Launch
SENTINEL-1A LAUNCH Arianespace’s seventh Soyuz launch from the Guiana Space Center will orbit Sentinel-1A, the first satellite in Europe’s Earth observation program, Copernicus. The European Space Agency (ESA) chose Thales Alenia Space to design, develop and build the satellite, as well as perform related tests. Copernicus is the new name for the European program previously known as GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security), and is the European Commission’s second major space program, following Galileo. Copernicus is designed to give Europe continuous, independent and reliable access to Earth observation data. With the Soyuz, Ariane 5 and Vega launchers at the Guiana Space Center (CSG), Arianespace is the only launch services provider in the world capable of launching all types of payloads into all orbits, from the smallest to the largest geostationary satellites, from satellite clusters for constellations to cargo missions for the International Space Station (ISS). Arianespace sets the launch services standard for all operators, whether commercial or governmental, and guarantees access to space for scientific missions. Sentinel-1A is the 50th satellite with an Earth observation payload to be launched by Arianespace. Arianespace has seven more Earth observation missions in its order book, including four commercial missions (signed in 2013 and 2014). The Copernicus program is designed to give Europe complete independence in the acquisition and management of environmental data concerning our planet. ESA’s Sentinel programs comprise five satellite families: Sentinel-1, to provide continuity for radar data from ERS and Envisat. Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3, dedicated to the observation of the Earth and its oceans. -
About the Consistency Between Envisat and Cryosat-2 Radar Freeboard Retrieval Over Antarctic Sea Ice
The Cryosphere, 10, 1415–1425, 2016 www.the-cryosphere.net/10/1415/2016/ doi:10.5194/tc-10-1415-2016 © Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License. About the consistency between Envisat and CryoSat-2 radar freeboard retrieval over Antarctic sea ice Sandra Schwegmann1, Eero Rinne2, Robert Ricker1, Stefan Hendricks1, and Veit Helm1 1Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany 2Finnish Meteorological Institute, Marine Research, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland Correspondence to: Sandra Schwegmann ([email protected]) Received: 26 June 2015 – Published in The Cryosphere Discuss.: 16 September 2015 Revised: 6 June 2016 – Accepted: 8 June 2016 – Published: 8 July 2016 Abstract. Knowledge about Antarctic sea-ice volume and its 1 Introduction changes over the past decades has been sparse due to the lack of systematic sea-ice thickness measurements in this Over the last 3 decades, sea-ice extent (SIE) in the Arctic remote area. Recently, first attempts have been made to de- has decreased and submarine ice draft measurements indi- velop a sea-ice thickness product over the Southern Ocean cate that also sea-ice volume is declining (Rothrock et al., from space-borne radar altimetry and results look promising. 1999, 2008; Lindsay and Schweiger, 2015). In the Antarctic, Today, more than 20 years of radar altimeter data are poten- in contrast, SIE is increasing, but little is known about the tially available for such products. However, the characteris- changes in sea-ice volume. This is due to the lack of system- tics of individual radar types differ for the available altimeter atic sea-ice thickness measurements in the Southern Hemi- missions. -
Exploring the Benefits of Using Cryosat-2'S Cross-Track
JULY 2013 D I B A R B O U R E E T A L . 1511 Exploring the Benefits of Using CryoSat-2’s Cross-Track Interferometry to Improve the Resolution of Multisatellite Mesoscale Fields G. DIBARBOURE CLS, Ramonville St-Agne, France P. Y. LE TRAON IFREMER, Plouzane, France N. GALIN Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Manuscript received 7 August 2012, in final form 12 January 2013) ABSTRACT Sea surface height (SSH) measurements provided by pulse-limited radar altimeters are one-dimensional profiles along the satellite’s nadir track, with no information whatsoever in the cross-track direction. The anisotropy of resulting SSH profiles is the most limiting factor of mesoscale SSH maps that merge the 1D profiles. This paper explores the potential of the cross-track slope derived from the Cryosphere Satellite-2 (CryoSat- 2)’s synthetic aperture radar interferometry (SARin) mode to increase the resolution of mesoscale fields in the cross-track direction. Through idealized 1D simulations, this study shows that it is possible to exploit the dual SARin measurement (cross-track slope and SSH profile) in order to constrain mesoscale mapping in the cross-track direction. An error-free SSH slope allows a single SARin instrument to recover almost as much SSH variance as two coordinated altimeters. Noise-corrupted slopes can also be exploited to improve the mapping, and a break- through is observed for SARin errors ranging from 1 to 5 mrad for 150-km-radius features in strong currents, and 0.1–0.5 mrad for global mesoscale. -
Treaties and Other International Acts Series 94-1115 ______
TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTS SERIES 94-1115 ________________________________________________________________________ SPACE Cooperation Memorandum of Understanding Between the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and CANADA Signed at Washington November 15, 1994 with Appendix NOTE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE Pursuant to Public Law 89—497, approved July 8, 1966 (80 Stat. 271; 1 U.S.C. 113)— “. .the Treaties and Other International Acts Series issued under the authority of the Secretary of State shall be competent evidence . of the treaties, international agreements other than treaties, and proclamations by the President of such treaties and international agreements other than treaties, as the case may be, therein contained, in all the courts of law and equity and of maritime jurisdiction, and in all the tribunals and public offices of the United States, and of the several States, without any further proof or authentication thereof.” CANADA Space: Cooperation Memorandum of Understanding signed at Washington November 15, 1994; Entered into force November 15, 1994. With appendix. MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING between the UNITED STATES NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION and the CANADIAN SPACE AGENCY concerning COOPERATION IN THE FLIGHT OF THE MEASUREMENTS OF POLLUTION IN THE TROPOSPHERE (MOPITT) INSTRUMENT ON THE NASA POLAR ORBITING PLATFORM AND RELATED SUPPORT FOR AN INTERNATIONAL EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM 2 The United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (hereinafter "NASA") and the Canadian Space Agency (hereinafter "CSA")