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Europe's Earth Observation, Satellite Navigation and Communications Europe’s Earth Observation, Satellite Navigation and Communications Missions and Services for the benefit of the Arctic Inventory of current and future capabilities, their synergies and societal benefits Boniface, K., Gioia, C. Pozzoli, L., Diehl, T., Dobricic, S., Fortuny Guasch, J., Greidanus, H., Kliment, T., Kucera, J., Janssens- Maenhout, G., Soille, P., Strobl, P., and Wilson, J. 2021 EUR 30629 EN This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contact the referenced source. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Contact information Name: Karen Boniface Address: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate E: Space, Security and Migration Email: [email protected] Tel.: +39-0332-785295 EU Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC121206 EUR 30629 EN PDF ISBN 978-92-76-32079-1 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/270136 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2021 © European Union, 2021 The reuse policy of the European Commission is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not owned by the EU, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. All content © European Union, 2021, except: Cover page, Jean-Christophe André. Source: www.pexels.com How to cite this report: Boniface, K., Gioia, C. Pozzoli, L., Diehl, T., Dobricic, S., Fortuny Guasch, J., Greidanus, H., Kliment, T., Kucera, J., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Soille, P., Strobl, P., and Wilson, J., Europe’s Earth Observation, Satellite Navigation, and Satellite Communications Missions and Services for the benefit of the Arctic - Inventory of current and future capabilities, their synergies and their societal benefits, EUR 30629 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2021, ISBN 978-92-76-32079-1, doi:10.2760/270136, JRC121206. Contents 1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................................................9 Purpose of the study .......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Study structure ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 2 Policy context ........................................................................................................................................................................ 12 2.1 Arctic Policy: current and future perspectives ............................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 EU Arctic Policy ............................................................................................................................................ 12 2.1.2 International legal framework in the Arctic ........................................................................................ 12 2.1.3 The future of EU Arctic role and strategy ........................................................................................... 14 2.2 EU Space Policy ........................................................................................................................................................ 15 2.2.1 Budget repartition and main goals ........................................................................................................ 16 2.2.2 Galileo and EGNOS (EGNSS) ............................................................................................................... 17 2.2.3 Copernicus ...................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.2.4 EU GovSatCom ............................................................................................................................................ 19 2.2.5 Space and Situational Awareness (SSA) .......................................................................................... 19 3 Users’ needs ......................................................................................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Science users ............................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.2 Operational users ...................................................................................................................................................... 24 3.2.1 Resources ....................................................................................................................................................... 24 3.2.2 Navigation and operations ....................................................................................................................... 24 3.2.3 Communications ........................................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.4 Disaster and emergency management ............................................................................................... 26 3.2.5 Security ............................................................................................................................................................ 26 3.3 Indigenous and local community users ............................................................................................................ 27 4 Inventory of current and future capabilities in EO ................................................................................................. 29 4.1 Copernicus ................................................................................................................................................................... 29 4.1.1 Copernicus structure .................................................................................................................................. 29 4.1.2 Copernicus Sentinel missions ................................................................................................................ 29 4.1.3 Copernicus contributing missions ......................................................................................................... 35 4.1.4 Overview of user-required functions versus Sentinels ................................................................. 36 4.1.5 Copernicus Services ................................................................................................................................... 38 4.2 Other EO satellite missions................................................................................................................................... 49 4.2.1 ESA Earth Explorer missions .................................................................................................................. 49 4.2.2 Other European satellite missions ........................................................................................................ 50 4.2.3 EUMETSAT satellite missions and facilities ..................................................................................... 51 i 4.2.4 International Missions ................................................................................................................................ 52 4.3 Other EO Capabilities .............................................................................................................................................. 54 4.3.1 Services and Platforms .............................................................................................................................. 54 4.3.2 Relevant R&D Actions ............................................................................................................................... 57 4.4 Future missions .......................................................................................................................................................... 59 4.4.1 Copernicus High Priority Candidate and Expansion Missions .................................................. 59 4.4.2 Commercial missions ................................................................................................................................
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