Telecommunikation Satellites: The Actual Situation and Potential Future Developments
Dr. Manfred Wittig Head of Multimedia Systems Section D-APP/TSM ESTEC NL 2200 AG Noordwijk [email protected]
March 2003 Commercial Satellite Contracts
25
20
15
Europe US 10
5
0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
European Average 5 Satellites/Year US Average 18 Satellites/Year Estimation of cumulative value chain for the Global commercial market 1998-2007 in BEuro
35 27
100% 135
90%
80% 225 Spacecraft Manufacturing 70% Launch 60% Operations Ground Segment 50% Services 40% 365 30%
20%
10%
0% 1 Consolidated Turnover of European Industry Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders
2000 30
2001 25
2002 3 (7) Firm Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders in 2002
Manufacturer Customer Satellite
Astrium Hispasat SA Amazonas (Spain)
Boeing Thuraya Satellite Thuraya 3 Telecommunications Co (U.A.E.)
Orbital Science PT Telekommunikasi Telkom-2 Indonesia Hangar Queens or White Tails
Orders in 2002 for Bargain Prices of already contracted Satellites
Manufacturer Customer Satellite
Alcatel Space New Indian Operator Agrani (India)
Alcatel Space Eutelsat W5 (France) (1998 completed)
Astrium Hellas-Sat Hellas Sat Consortium Ltd. (Greece-Cyprus) Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders in 2003
Manufacturer Customer Satellite
Astrium Telesat Anik F1R 4.2.2003 (Canada) Planned Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders in 2003
SES GLOBAL Three RFQ’s: SES Americom ASTRA 1L ASTRA 1K cancelled four orders with Alcatel Space in 2001
INTELSAT Launched five satellites in the last 13 month average fleet age: 11 Years of remaining life
PanAmSat No orders expected Concentration on cash flow generation
Eutelsat HB 7A HB 8 expected at the end of 2003
Telesat Ordered Anik F1R from Astrium Planned Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders in 2003
Arabsat & are expected to replace Spacebus 300 Shin Satellite (solar-array steering problems)
Korea Telecom Negotiation with Alcatel Space for Koreasat
Binariang Sat. Negotiation with Boeing for BSS 376 and BSS 601 System
Satellite Manufacturers are freesing plant expansion and reduce staff to survive Commercial Fixed Satellite Service Operators
SES Global No sales figures available before end of March Staff reduction in Luxembourg and Princeton 300 Staff of SES Astra reduced by 7-10 % SES expects flat sales for 2003 RFQ for three new Sat’s issued
Intelsat $ 1.1 billion sales in 2001 $ 992 million sales in 2002 = 9.8 % sales decline 2003 considered difficult as well
Point-to-point customers migrate to fiber optic cables Modest investment in WildBlue Plans broadband offering in 2004
PanAmSat $ 870.1 million sales in 2001 $ 812.3 million sales in 2002 cancelled one spacecraft order with Boeing Commercial Fixed Satellite Service Operators
Eutelsat Euro 659 million sales in 2002 Sales forecast for 2003 is 7 % better than 2002
Launched two Satellites in 2002: HB 6 HB 7 Arianne 5 Launch Failure
New Skies $ 200.5 million sales in 2002 Sales forecast for 2003 is 6-11 % better than 2002 Operates a fleet of six Satellites Two launches in 2002 Delivery of NSS 8 delayed from 2003 to 2005 Boeing is late & will replace NSS 703 which saves $ 250 million Global Launch Capabilities
66 Launches per Year 2002 Commercial Launch Deals
Arianespace: 9 Contracts AMC-13,-15 SES Americom Atlantic Bird 1 Eutelsat DirecTV 7S DirecTV Inc. iPSTAR-1 Shin Satellite Public Co. Ltd. Satmex 6 Satellites Mexicanos SA Spainsat Hispasat Star One C1 Star One SA Telkom-2 PT Telkomunikasi Indonesia
Boeing Launch Services: 2 Contracts Inteldat 10-series Intelsat Thuraya-3 Thuraya
International Launch Services (ILS): 5 Contracts AMC-10,-11 SES Americom Hellas-Sat Hellas-Sat Intelsat 10 series Intelsat MBSat Mobile Broadcasting Corp. Previous Years Commercial Launches
Arianespace: 2002 9 2001 15 2000 27
Boeing Launch Services: 2002 2 2001 5 2000 4
International Launch Services (ILS): 2002 5 2001 10 The Way Forward
Profit margin of satellite manufacturers have disappeard
New technologies can be introduced in two years
Manufacturers will face a heavy burden to demonstrate that new technology is reliable
Operators are not willing to pay for new technologies, they can do a lot with existing technology
Consolidation of Operators is a way to survive in the short term
Introduction of new services – diversification - is a way to achieve growing business Predicted Payloads 2001
100
80
60
40
Payload Unis 20
0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year
Broadband Mobile Broadcast DBS DAB
Predicted Payloads 2000
140 120 100 80 60 40 Payload Unis 20 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year
Broadband Mobile Broadcast DBS Predicted Payloads 2001
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Payload Unis 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year
Broadcast DBS DAB TV Broadcast -Today
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
DVB compatible High rate link
DVB compatible High rate link
broadcasting centre #1 broadcasting centre #2
MASTER STATION Home Receivers
broadcasting centre broadcasting #3 centre #N Contribution Links DVB-S MULTIPLEXING
DVB SKYPLEX
VIDEO 1 PES VIDEO 1 PES SINGLE CH. AUDIO 1 PES AUDIO 1 PES TRANSPORT DATA 1 PES DATA 1 PES MUX
VIDEO 2 PES VIDEO 2 PES SINGLE CH. AUDIO 2 PES AUDIO 2 PES TRANSPORT DATA 2 PES DATA 2 PES MUX
VIDEO 3 PES VIDEO 3 PES SINGLE CH. AUDIO 3 PES AUDIO 3 PES TRANSPORT DATA 3 PES DATA 3 PES MUX PACKET MULTIPLEXER
TRANSPORT MULTIPLEXER VIDEO N PES VIDEO N PES SINGLE CH. AUDIO N PES AUDIO N PES TRANSPORT DATA N PES MUX DATA N PES
ON- GROUND ON- BOARD DVB-S using Skyplex
SKYPLEX PROCESSOR
High rate link low rate DVB compatible links
broadcasting centre
#1 broadcasting centre broadcasting #2 centre #3 broadcasting Home Receivers centre #N SKYPLEX Architecture SKYPLEX Frequency Plan
BW = 33 MHz BW = 33 MHz BW = 33 MHz
Channel 2
Channel 3
Channel 1 Channel N
Digital Multi- programme TV Digital Multi- programme TV
SKYPLEX SKYPLEX Signal Processing SKYPLEX History
One Skyplex processor developed under ESA contract is in-orbit at Eutelsat's Hot Bird 4 satellite launched in February 1998.
Three second generation processors ordered from Alenia Aerospazio (I) by Eutelsat for the Hot Bird 5 satellite, launched in October 1998.
ESA developement contract for an Enhanced Skyplex with Alenia Aerospazio (I) and SPAR (Cd)
Eigth second generation processors are ordered from Alenia Aerospazio (I) by Eutelsat for the Hot Bird 6 satellite, launched in August 2002. SKYPLEX HB 4 Block Diagram
To Satellite Payload Interface
Phase Demodulator AGC I Interp. Matched Saw f1 A/D DPD Filter Decision Buffer M Q Timing
U Phase Demodulator AGC I Matched Saw f2 A/D DPD Interp. Filter Decision Buffer L Processor Q Timing Controller
T Phase Demodulator AGC I Matched Saw f3 A/D DPD Interp. Filter Decision Buffer I Q Timing 14 14 Conv . Conv . QPSK IMUX P D/A Interl. Encoder Mod Phase Demodulator GHz GHz AGC I Matched Saw f4 A/D DPD Interp. L Filter Decision Buffer
Q Timing
E Demodulator Phase AGC I Matched Saw f5 A/D DPD Interp. Filter Decision Buffer X Q Timing
E Phase Demodulator AGC I Matched Saw f6 A/D DPD Interp. Filter Decision Buffer R Q Timing
Mult . Mult . Mult . Mult . Mult .
Master Clock SKYPLEX HB 4 PCB
SKYPLEX Uplink Station
VIDEO
INPUT PES SOURCE ENCODER
AUDIO INPUT SOURCE PES RS QPSK RF SCRAMBLER ENCODER (204,188) MOD FRONT -END
DATA INPUT PES CLK SOURCE ENCODER CONTROL UNIT SINGLE CHANNEL TRANSPORT MUX
CLOCK DRIVE MASTER DVB CLOCK RECEIVER
TO TV MONITOR SKYPLEX System Elements Hot Bird 5 SKYPLEX Performance
SCPC Uplink Rate: 2.292 Mbps, 6.111 Mbps, 6.875 Mbps, 7.333 Mbps TDMA Uplink Rate: From 382 Kbps to 7.333 Mbps
Number of TDMA Uplinks: Up to 6
Demodulator Performance: < BER 10^-5 for Eb/No = 10.6 dB
Frequency: 12.51984/12.53902/12.55820 GHz
Mass: 7 Kg
Power Consumption: 50 W
Hot Bird 5 SKYPLEX Configuration
2 2 RF OUT1 IN1 (F1) 1 4 SKYPLEX 1 1 Filter 4 (F1) 3 F1 (F2) 3
2 2 RF OUT2 IN2 (F2) 1 4 SKYPLEX 2 1 Filter (F2) 3 F2 (F3) 4 3
2 2 RF OUT3 IN3 (F3) 1 4 1 Filter SKYPLEX 3 (F3) F3 (F1) 4 3 3 Hot Bird 5 Coverage
Receive
Transmit Hot Bird 6 SKYPLEX Configuration
2 2 RF OUT1 IN1 (F1) 1 4 SKYPLEX 1 1 Filter 4 (F1) 3 F1 (F2) 3
2 2 RF OUT2 IN2 (F2) 1 4 SKYPLEX 2 1 Filter (F2) 3 F2 (F3) 4 3
2 2 RF OUT3 IN3 (F3) 1 4 1 Filter SKYPLEX 3 (F3) F3 (F1) 4 3 3
2 2 RF OUT4 IN4 (F4) 1 4 1 Filter SKYPLEX 4 (F4) F3 (F1) 4 3 3 HB 6 Launch
21 August 2002 ATLAS V Cap Canaveral Hot Bird 6 Coverage
Receive
Transmit Enhanced SKYPLEX Performance
SCPC Uplink Rate: 2.292 Mbps, 6.111 Mbps, 6.875 Mbps, 7.333 Mbps TDMA Uplink Rate: From 382 Kbps to 7.333 Mbps
Number of TDMA Uplinks: Up to 6
Demodulator Performance: < BER 10^-5 for Eb/No = 10.6 dB
Frequency: 12.51984/12.53902/12.55820 GHz Turbo Decoding Mass: 5 Kg
Power Consumption: 40 W Enhanced SKYPLEX: Processing Overview
PACK. DIG. SYNC. & DEM. 1 BUFF.
PACK. SYNC. & 1 BUFF. RF IN DOWN DIG. MODIFIED 2 CONV. QPSK MOD RF OUT CONV. DEMUX SCRAMBLER INTERL. ENCOD. & UPCONV. & R- S PARITY MUX SCRAMBLER
18 PACK. DIG. SYNC. & DEM. 6 BUFF.
REFER. OSCILL.
Skyplex Turbo Decoder Star Network with a Transparent Payload and Hub Station
AMERHIS Reference Model: Mesh Network with a Regenerative Payload (no Hub Station) AMERHIS Mission
SIT: Satellite Interactive Terminal
NCC
Gateway
SIT SIT Gateway
SIT
America Europe Earth seen by AMAZONAS AMERHIS SYSTEM
OBP
NORTH AMERICAN COVERAGE
BRAZILIAN COVERAGE EUROPEAN COVERAGE
SOUTH AMERICAN COVERAGE AMERHIS Connectivity
Uplink Format: MF-TDMA according to DVB-RCS standard (MPEG-2 option) Granularity: up 64 carriers per transponder (0,5Mbps each) Available Data rates: 0.5, 1, 2, 4 & 8 Mbps , combinable in the same transponder
36
1R1 1R2 1R3 1R4 1R5 1R6 1R7 1R8 1R9 1R10 1R111R12 1R131R14 1R151R16 MHz 8R7 8R8 1R65 1R661R67 1R68 1R691R701R71 1R72 2R25 2R26 2R27 2R28 2R29 2R30 2R31 2R32 2R33 2R34 2R35 2R36 4R13 4R14 4R15 4R16 4R17 4R18
8R9 16R4
Coding Scheme: Turbo Code with 3/4 or 4/5 ratio
Downlink Format: according to DVB-S standard Data rate: 54Mbps (per transponder) FEC: Convolutional coding with1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 or 7/8 ratio
On-Board Operability Interconnectivity: full routing flexibility between input/output transponders Capacity Management: Two modes of operation possible - Quasi-static through telecommand channel (via TTC station) - Dynamic through communication channel (via NCC)
Budgets (4 transponders) Total Processed Capacity: 216Mbps Power Consumption: 156.5 W Mass: 28.5 Kg AMERHIS Architecture
DVB-RCS DVB-S
SPACE SEGMENT
Return Broadcast & Return signaling signaling Return channel TC & signaling TM Forward Return channel & signaling Forward signaling Broadcast & Forward signaling
Satellite Network Service Provider/Gateway Control Center Control Center User Broadcast Network RCST Satellite RCST Signal Gen Operation RCST Operation
TERMINAL SEGMENT CONTROL SEGMENT
The complete AMERHIS System is divided in two segments:
Space Segment: OBP: Down Converters (DOCON), Base- Band Processor (BBP) and Ku Modulators.
Ground Segment: Management Station (NCC, NCC- RCST, NMS). Gateway. Different types of Return Channel Satellite Terminals (RCST). AMERHIS Payload
The heart of the system will consist of 4 fully interconnected channels (33MHz each) that will be inserted in the AMAZONAS Ku Band Transparent architecture. The On- Board Processed (OBP) payload will be by-passable on a channel-by-channel basis. ON-Board Hardware (left to right): BBP, Ku MOD and DOCON AMERHIS Payload Footprint On Amazonas Y-Wall ANIK F2
Artist's rendering shows Anik F2, the tenth Hughes 702 satellite to be ordered since the model was introduced in 1995. Anik F2 is the second Hughes 702 to be built for Telesat Canada. The satellite will have 14 kilowatts of payload power at end of life, and carry 108 active transponders, 52 in Ka- band, 32 in Ku- band and 24 C- band. The satellite will provide fixed satellite services to North America, including Internet access and multimedia services, from its orbital position of 111.1 degrees West longitude. Hughes Space and Communications Company is scheduled to ship Anik F2 for launch in late 2002. SPACEMUX ANIK F2 SpaceMux ANIK F2 Beam*Link Functional Block Diagram ANIK F2 Beam*Link Channel Allocation ANIK F2 Beam*Link Processor Mechanical Assembly ANIK F2 Beam*Link Processor Flight Model ANIK F2 Beam*Link Performance Spacemux System Mesh Network Architecture Spacemux Block Diagram ANIK F1
Launched on 21 November 2000 by an ARIANNE 44L ANIK F1R
Telesat Canada has selected Europe’s Astrium to supply a replacement for its defective Anik F1 satellite, which is based on the troubled 702 platform built by Boeing Satellite Systems.
Telesat’s announcement is the first new commercial satellite order announced in 2003, a year in which satellite manufacturers are hoping for at least a modest rebound from the dismal results of 2002, one of the worst years ever for the commercial satellite industry.
The contract, announced Feb. 4, also reflects a shift for Ottawa-based Telesat, which has purchased a number of satellites over the past few years from U. S. suppliers including Boeing of El Segundo, Calif., and Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Systems, Newtown, Pa. Anik F2 is one of several Boeing’s 702 satellites already in orbit that are afflicted with a solar panel malady that is expected to shorten each spacecraft’s lifetime. Boeing has determined the cause of the problem and newer 702 spacecraft will not be affected, according to the satellite manufacturer’s president, Randy Brinkley.
Telesat’s new satellite, dubbed Anik F1R, will carry 24 C-band and 32 Ku-band transponders and is expected to be launched in 2005. The satellite is based on Astrium’s Eurostar E3000 platform, and it will include a substantial amount of equipment from Canadian suppliers, according to a Feb. 4 Telesat statement.
Anik F1 was launched in late 2000 to an orbital slot at 107.3 degrees west longitude, where it serves users in North and South America. ANIK F3
• Anik F3 primary aim is coverage of Anik F2 in Ka Band
• Anik F2 will introduce DVB-RCS services to Canadians in the Ka Band
• Anik F2 piggy back payload has limited networking capabilities
• The West program has taken the Anik F2 concept to the next step
• Industry needs a mechanism to demonstrate the West concept in a flight mission
• European primes are in a good position for Anik F3
• Anik F3 could host a demonstration
• This could tie in with the later launch of an operational Canadian SecureSat based on proven DVB-RCS technology
• Anik F3 could be the Canadian Payload of a joint Canadian/ESA GEO Cluster networking demonstration Potential Multimedia Flight Missions
Operator SES-ASTRA EUTELSAT Telesat ANIK F3
System Name NGS KaSaT
System Type Transparent Ka-Band Satellite Piggyback Payload With OBP and Ground And Ground Segment and Ground Segment Segment Air I/F UL: DVB-RCS like UL: DVB-RCS-MPEG DL: DVB-S DL : DVB-S
Capacity 6000 M Hz 0.5-1 Gbps 10 % of 8 beams Mesh Connectivity Mesh Mesh plus Transparent Bypass
Schedule 2005 in orbit 32-36 month 2006 in orbit
Cost * Estimated
Potential Astrium, Alcatel, Alenia, Astrium, Astrium, EMS, Supplier Alenia Alcatel Alcatel, Alenia
Status Specification Prepared RFI issued August 2001 Three offers received and Decision expected evaluated end 2003 MoU with Alenia SATMODE
Objective: To replace LNB by iLNB for 50 € For iTV Application
SATELLITE
I5 I4 I1
Interactiv ADD ON ILN HUB e BOX B STB I3 I2 I6
TV VC RC BROADCAST R ER SATMODE Competitors
Interactive television by satellite competes with the following existing terrestrial channels: 56K modem, GSM, GPRS, xDSL and ISDN and cable modem.
From the consumer point of view, iTV over satellite has the following advantages : - Ease to install (wiring the set-top box to the PSTN, sometimes distant, can be an issue) - The PSTN line remains available - ITV over satellite provides an « always-on » solution - No PSTN link is needed (in reference to the general trend to keep only GSM service and to stop fixed telephone services)
From the broadcaster and Service Provider point of view : - Additional revenue from new services - Piracy control - Audience metering and statistics Increase of forward bandwidth SATMODE Transponder Capacity Requirements
Datarate: 4 KSymbols/s
9000 Connections/36 MHz Transponder
Slotted ALOHA 3000 Simultaneous Connections
Multiplexing Factor 100 300,000 Subscribers/Transponder
10 Transponder 3,000,000 Subscriber SATMODE Specification
G/T EIRP Antenna NF P OUT Rx-IF DC- diameter (SAT) power
IODU 14-16 dB/K 22 - 28dBW 60-75 cm < 1.2 20 mW L-band 14-28 V (Ka/K dB Typical 2 W u)
ILNB - - - < 1.2 20 mW L-band 14-28 V (Ka/K dB Typical 2 W u)
ITRM - 22 dBW 30-40 cm - - - 14-28 V (Ka) Typical 2 W SATMODE Link Budget
6 dBW per Carrier and 9000 Carrier = 45 dBW SAT EIRP SATMODE ODU Configurations SATMODE IDU Configurations
ADD ON BOX (FPGA VERSION) Programmable transport IC DVB Tuner demodulator IC TS demux IC
27MHz VCXO
Processor core
TDMA scheduler I Q quadrature TX + RX + PS triplexer / waveform mixer + PLL +DisecQ generator synthesizer FPGA
Data + M&C From STB RS232 PHY
Power supply From STB or mains PS L band + PS control + DisecQ From STB SATMODE Hub
SATMODE CONTOUR
BROADCASTER return BURST Ka DATA CENTRE traffic LAN,WAN, DEMODULATOR BAND PSTN… BANK LNB LAN return traffic
NETWORK MONITORING LAN & HUB LOGGING MANAGEMENT UNIT AND CONTROL LAN ASI CENTRE FREQUENCY SCHEDULER AND TIME Ku SUBSYSTEM BAND 10MHz, 1pps BROADCAST TWTA & NTP CONTENT
ASI Forward signalling DVB- MODULATOR Ku BAND Contribution MUX BLOCK link, MPEG NCR UPCONVERTER distribution INSERTER ASI ASI ASI network, LAN, WAN, PSTN… SATMODE Target Prices
Retail prices for different components: · Hub: 3 M€ · Add-on: 80 € · iLNB only: 30 € · iLNB + antenna: 60 € · iTransmitter: 50 €