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Plug-In Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure at GM CASPA Presentation, 3 April 2013

Frankie James, Ph.D. Managing Director, GM Advanced Technology Silicon Valley Office

Slides sourced from: Britta K. Gross Director, Advanced Vehicle Commercialization Policy (with a Range-Extender)

Designed for40 miles BATTERY Electric Drive (typically 25-50 mile EV range)

Designed +for over300miles EXTENDED RANGE Driving on

EPA label: EV @ 98mpge (38 miles) + Gas @ 37mpg comb (344 miles) = Overall 60mpg (382 miles) New Plug-in Products …

Chevrolet Spark EV (with DC fast-charge capability – SAE J1772) Summer 2013 and

Cadillac ELR (Extended Range EV) Model Year 2014 Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs): Includes PHEVs, EREVs and BEVs

PHEV EREV BEV

Plug-in with Battery Electric Electric Vehicle “Extended-Range” Vehicle

Plug-in Prius Chevy Spark EV

Tesla S RAV4 EV

Ford C-MAX Energi Cadillac ELR Honda Fit Ford Focus Increasing EV Range (Increasing Charge Times) Sales (U.S.) Solid sales growth Launch Monthly to date

12 12

10 10

8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

0 0

Chevrolet Volt Awards

TOP 10 VEHICLES AWARD TECHNOLOGY

“Best Engineered Vehicle of 2011″ by SAE International’s Automotive Engineering International (AEI)

Ampera - Rallye Monte-Carlo Des Énergies Nouvelles OnStar RemoteLink Volt Mobile App 2011 World Green Car

Consumer Electronics Show “TOP PRODUCTS” Award

EDITOR’S CHOICE AWARD

AUTOMOTIVE EXCELLENCE Breakthrough Technology Award

TOP SAFETY PICK Vehicle Learnings OnStar Data Collected through January ¶ Volt Customers are primarily driving electrically ¶ 2/3 of miles driven are electric ¶ 133 million electric miles to date ¶ 7 million gallons of gas saved ¶ Driving 900 miles between fill ups ¶ Volt is being used as expected ¶ is critical to Volt’s success CHARGING AND INFRASTRUCTURE Where are the Cars?

Fleet Distribution during week

Home Residence Work School & Church Commercial Other Driving

100.00%

90.00%

80.00%

70.00%

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00% Friday 00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Friday Friday Friday Friday Friday Friday Sunday 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday 00:00 Sunday Monday 00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 00:00 Monday 04:00 Monday 08:00 Monday 12:00 Monday 16:00 Monday 20:00 Monday Tuesday Tuesday Tuesday Tuesday Tuesday Tuesday Saturday 00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Thursday 00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Thursday Thursday Thursday Thursday Thursday Thursday Wednesday 00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Wednesday Wednesday Wednesday Wednesday Wednesday Wednesday

Source of Data - 2001 National Household Travel Survey ; GM Data Analysis (Tate/Savagian) - SAE paper 2009-01-1311 Charging Infrastructure: Home … Work … Public

• Public charging – High Visibility – Destination – Public education and outreach Public ¶ Workplace – Corporate Parking Lots, Workplace Municipal Parking Lots • Residential (majority) – Satisfying consumer-driven home installation process Residential – Permits, electricians, inspections, meters, rates Volt Infrastructure Learnings:

• ~50% of Volt customers charge at 120V ($0)

• 240V grant programs likely driving some 240V demand

• 240V installation costs range from $500 to $6,000 (avg. ~$1500 + h/w)

• 2nd Meters (to access time-of-use rates) = 20% of home installs • Average 2nd meter installation adds $900 to the cost (CA, early MI,…)

• 70% of 240V installs are in Single Family Homes • Multi-family residences more complex • DC fast-charging (SAE compliant) may provide a better “neighborhood” solution

• Little evidence nationally of local grid issues with 3.3kW • Some concern, but no data, for >3.3kW charging

• Important role of 120V (level 1) charging • Workplace charging key to vehicle/technology promotion (and more daily electric miles driven) Key Enabler: Continue to leverage Stakeholders

DOE/EERE Community Utilities Readiness Efforts

• States (50% of states have an EV incentive) • Municipalities (e.g. Indianapolis) • Advocacy: • EDTA and EEI (national campaigns) • Plug-in America (nat’l plug-in day) • Rocky Mountain Institute (EV-ready city)

DOE/EERE Clean Cities GM / EPRI / Utility Collaboration: • Largest existing auto-utility collaborative effort -- formed in 2007 • Over 50 utility members and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) • Focus areas: Vehicle-to-Grid Technology, Aligned Messaging and Policy Priorities, New Business Opportunities (EV-to-Grid)

BC Hydro Manitoba Hydro Snohomish County PUD No. 1 Seattle City Light Hydro-Québec Avista Corp. Portland General Electric PacifiCorp NY ISO Great River Energy Central Hudson UPPCO Hydro One Northeast Utilities Dairyland Power CMS Rochester G&E United Illuminating NStar We Energies LBW&L EnWin NYPA ConEd Madison G&E PJM LIPA Nebraska Public Power Dist. WPS DTE I&M FirstEnergy PSEG Sacramento Municipal UD Constellation Energy NV Energy Lincoln Electric ComEd AEP PECO Hetch Hetchy W&P Tri-State G&T Great Plains Energy Hoosier Appalachian Pepco IP&L Power Pacific Gas & Electric Ameren Kentucky Dominion Southern California Edison Services Power Duke Energy Progress Energy LA DWP Salt River Project Tennessee Valley Authority Arizona Public Service OG&E Arkansas San Diego Gas & Electric PSO Southern Company - TEP Electric Coop Power Mississippi Power SWEPCO Oncor Alabama Power Gulf Power Austin Energy Golden Valley Progress Energy CenterPoint Energy OUC Electric Assn. CPS Energy TECO FPL

Hawaiian Electric Co. Infrastructure Learning: Engaged Partners

EEI with the Volt at the Congressional Ballgame at Nationals Stadium

PJM CEO Terry Boston - with his Volt

DTE’s Volt Pres. EEI Tom Kuhn TVA’s Volt with his Volt license tag

TECO Outreach Event EPRI with Volt at NV Energy Volt charging 2011 Tampa, FL Plug-in 2011 DTE Residential Program

Incentive: Up to $2,500 to 2,500 Edison customers for EVSE & home installation.

Two separately metered PEV rates offered – Flat Rate and Time-of-Use

1,390 Qualified 1,133 L2 EVSEs 1,038 2nd Meters Applications Installed Installed

• YTD 2012 Average installation cost $2,155 ($2,500 incentive covers total cost for majority of customers)

• Flat Rate fully subscribed at 250 customers

• Vehicles enrolled include: Volt: 86.2% Leaf: 2.2% Focus/C-max: 0.5% Prius: 0.5% Other: 10.6% Department of Energy: EV Everywhere Initiative A Grand Challenge in Plug-In Electric Vehicles

• Goal: to produce plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) that are as affordable and convenient for the average American family as today’s gasoline-powered vehicles within the next 10 years.

• Announced March 7, 2012

• To enable innovation to rapidly develop and commercialize the next generation of vehicle, component, and charging infrastructure technologies to achieve sufficient PEV cost, range, and charging infrastructure to assure widespread PEV deployment without subsidies. DOE – Workplace Charging Challenge

• Announced 31 January 2013 at DC Autoshow • Goal: expand access to workplace charging stations by 10x in 5 years • First 13 Partners: 3M, Chrysler Group, Duke Energy, Eli Lilly and Company, Ford, GE, GM, Google, Nissan, San Diego Gas & Electric, Siemens, Tesla, and Verizon • The Partners pledge: assess workforce PEV charging demands, and then develop and implement a plan to install workplace charging infrastructure for at least one major worksite location • Additional Ambassadors: California PEV Collaborative, CALSTART, Electric Drive Transportation Association, Electrification Coalition, International Parking Institute, NextEnergy, , and Rocky Mountain Institute. • Supports the broader DOE EV Everywhere Grand Challenge announced in March 2012 GM Workplace Charging GM New York Sites 239 Workplace Charge Spots (plus 400 GM private and 5,200 Ardsley dealership charge stations nationwide for Chevy customers) - 3 Workplace (2 @240V)

Warren Tech Center: - 113 Workplace (68@240V) Pontiac (20 are Solar) - 32 Workplace (16@240V) - 15 Private (incl. 2 DC) - 8 Private

Milford Proving Grounds: - 22 Workplace (240V) (18 are Solar) - 358 Private (incl. 9 DC)

Hamtramck Plant - 10 Workplace (all Solar) GM California Sites Palo Alto N. Hollywood - 1 Workplace (1@240V) - 2 Workplace (120V)

Thousand Oaks Glendale GM Ren Cen - - 33 Workplace (30@240V) 4 Workplace (4@240V) - 1 Workplace (120V) - 2 “showcase” @240V Torrance Santa Fe Springs - 8 Private - 17 Workplace (13@240V) - 1 Workplace (240V) Incentives

¶ Federal $7,500 (max) tax credit for PEV purchase ¶ State incentives promoting EV technology

– About 50% of the states have some type of EV incentive ¶ Incentives are both monetary and non-monetary – Rebate – Income Tax Credit – Excise Tax Credit – Infrastructure Incentives – EVSE and installations – HOV – Free Parking – Charging Current State and Local PEV Incentives

WA MT ND ME No Session No Session OR in 2012 in 2012 VT Rebate $4,000MN NH HOV Lane AccessID Tax Credit WI Rebate $1,500 - $3,000 WY SD $7,500 NY MA Free MI CT No Regular RI Session Waiver PA in 2012 Emission NE IA NV Testing NJ No Session MD OH DE in 2012 UT IL IN CO WV DC CA KS MO VA KY NC TN AZ OK AR NM No Regular SC Session in 2012 AL GA AK MS HOV Lane TX LA Access No Session in 2012 FL Vehicle HI Retirement

Some State or Local Incentives In Place Applicable to the Volt

Updated: 3/9/2012 Draft 2013 Potential Incentives

WA ME MT ND

VT OR MN NH ID WI SD NY MA CT WY MI RI PA NE IA NV NJ OH MD UT IL IN DE CO WV DC CA KS MO VA KY NC TN AZ OK AR NM SC

AL GA AK MS TX LA

FL HI

Potential Incentive State Preserve Existing Incentive November 2012 DOE: NREL’s Public Charging Locator Database

Source: http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/electricity_locations.html (2-26-2012)

Source: www.afdc.energy.gov Plug-in Ready Communities

Required Stakeholders Desired Enablers • Dedicated project leader Game Plan Infrastructure/Incentives/Educational Outreach • State, city, county • Clean Cities Orgs/AQMD Vehicle Charging Installation Purchase Incentives • DOT Incentives (Home, Work, Public) • Utilities (municipal and regional) Low Off-Peak Charging Rates (e.g. to encourage nighttime charging) Regulators/public utility • Green/Renewable commissions Charging Options Building Codes to Permitting and code officials Include Home • Government Fleet Charging Enablers • Local employers Purchases • Local universities HOV Lane Free Free Access Parking Charging PEV Stakeholder Efforts

Michigan PEV Task Force: Central PEV Ready: • Michigan Public Service Commission • Orange County (incl Convention Ctr) (incl. the chairman) • Orlando Mayor’s Office • Utilities (Lansing Board of Water & Light, • Orlando Visitors Bureau DTE, Consumers Energy, AEP, Wisconsin • I-Drive Chamber of Commerce Public Service) • DOE Clean Cities – Central Florida • EEI (investor owned utility association) • Utilities (Progress, TECO, FPL, OUC) • Automakers (GM, Ford, Chrysler) • Automakers and Dealers • MI Economic Development • Florida DOT • MI Counties • Orlando International Airport • MI Townships • Infrastructure (Siemens • MI DOT • Universities (UCF, Seminole,…) • MI Legislature • Cities (Tampa Bay, Sarasota,…) • MI NECA (National Electrical Contractors • Counties (Seminole, Brevard,…) Assoc) • Stakeholders (AAA, Enterprise, • MI Clean Energy Commission NASA/KSC, Disney, Sea World, IKEA, • Detroit EITC Marriott, Florida Hospital, Hotels,…) • Infrastructure (Eaton, GE, Clipper Creek) • Others (Solar Energy Center,…) • Others (Next Energy, Country Lines, MML, ECOcenter, Green Earth MI, Integrys Group) Key Enablers

 Vehicles and growing product offerings

• Charging Infrastructure þ Home (single-family home) q Multi-dwelling units, Workplace … Public

q Education and Awareness If we’re getting these questions, we have a problem… • “Can I drive it on the highway?” • “Do I have to get out of the car and do something to switch it from battery to gas?” • “Will it cause my electric bill at home to skyrocket?” q Must raise awareness and educate consumers • Focus on cars, visibility of the cars, and butts-in-seats Coming Soon: National Education & Awareness Campaign

Seed Funders: Dow Chemical, Duke Energy, Edison Electric Institute, EDTA, The Energy Foundation, EPRI, Florida Power & Light, General Electric, , Johnson Controls, Nissan, Pacific Gas & Electric, Progress Energy, Rockwood Lithium, San Diego Gas & Electric, Siemens, South Coast Communications & Public Policy AQMD, Southern California Edison, and Southern Company. Communications & Public Policy Outreach and Education: Resources Chevrolet Volt Websites Electrician EV-Ready Cities! Training/EVITP

NECAnet.org (Multi-day certification ProjectGetReady.org training) (EV-readiness guidelines) Chevrolet.com/volt ChevroletVoltage.com

First Responder Training with NFPA State Task Force

GMstc.com PluginMichigan.org (GM First Responder website) (State task force website) GoElectricDrive.com EVSafetyTraining.org (collaborative industry website) (GM and NFPA partnership)