Nilai Budaya Dalam Pembuatan Kuih-Muih Tradisional Etnik Brunei Di Sabah

MUDRA Jurnal Seni Budaya Volume 36, Nomor 3, September 2021 p 326 - 333 P- ISSN 0854-3461, E-ISSN 2541-0407 Nilai Budaya Dalam Pembuatan Kuih-Muih Tradisional Etnik Brunei Di Sabah Surayah Hj Bungsu¹, Humin Jusilin² ¹Universiti Malaysia Sabah, SMK Weston Beaufort. ²Universiti Malaysia Sabah [email protected] Sabah memiliki lebih dari 35 etnis atau ras yang mendasari keragaman adat dan budaya, sehingga menciptakan keunikan dan kompleksitas identitas, budaya, filosofi dan pemikiran masing-masing etnis. Masyarakat Brunei dalam penelitian ini terkenal dengan kue tradisionalnya dalam berbagai rupa, bentuk dan rasa yang diwariskan secara turun temurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap nilai budaya etnis Brunei dalam pembuatan kue tradisional yang mencerminkan identitas etnis Brunei. Pengetahuan dan keterampilan lokal dari aspek pembuatan kue tradisional etnis Brunei merupakan bagian dari filosofi dan pemikiran kreatif yang secara tidak langsung menjadi identitas dan identitas budaya yang perlu dikaji. Lokasi penelitian ini melibatkan dua desa etnis Brunei yaitu di Kampung Lubuk dan Kampung Weston yang terletak di distrik Beaufort, Sabah. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan yang diperkenalkan oleh Edmund Burke Feldman (1967). Pendekatan ini menyarankan empat tingkat analisis yaitu: Tingkat Deskriptif, Analisis Formal, Interpretasi dan Evaluasi. Setiap elemen seperti teknik pembuatan, bahan dan tampilan kue tradisional akan dibahas sesuai dengan tingkat yang diusulkan untuk menjelaskan nilai adat dan budaya etnis Brunei di Distrik Beaufort. Studi lapangan kualitatif ini menggunakan data penelitian berupa wawancara, observasi dan keterlibatan partisipatif oleh peneliti. Informan dipilih berdasarkan keahlian dan pengalaman mereka dalam membuat kue tradisional serta pengetahuan mereka tentang adat istiadat dan upacara budaya etnis Brunei. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pembuatan kue tradisional etnis Brunei menampilkan nilai-nilai budaya yang menjadi identitas etnis Brunei yang perlu dilestarikan. Kata kunci: etnis brunei, nilai budaya, manufaktur, identitas, kue tradisional. Cultural Value In The Making Of Brunei Ethnic Traditional Cake In Sabah Sabah recorded more than 35 ethnic groups or races that underpin the diversity of customs and cultures, further creating the uniqueness and complexity of identity, culture, philosophy, and thought of each ethnic group. The Brunei ethnic group in this study is famous for its traditional cakes in various forms, shapes, and flavors inherited from generation to generation. The objective of this study is to reveal the cultural values of Brunei ethnicity in the making of traditional cakes that reflect the ethnic identity of Brunei. Local knowledge and skills from the aspect of making traditional Brunei ethnic cakes are part of the philosophy and creative thinking that indirectly become the identity and cultural identity that needs to be studied. The location of this study involved two ethnic Brunei villages, namely in Kampung Lubuk and Kampung Weston located in Beaufort district, Sabah. The data in this study were analyzed using the approach introduced by Edmund Burke Feldman (1967). This approach proposes four levels of analysis namely: Level of Description, Formal Analysis, Interpretation, and Evaluation. Each element such as manufacturing techniques, materials, and appearance of traditional cakes will be discussed according to the proposed level to explain the values and customs of Brunei ethnicity in Beaufort District. This qualitative field study uses research data such as interviews, observations, and participant participation by researchers. The informants selected were based on their expertise and experience in making traditional cakes as well as their knowledge of Brunei customs and cultural customs. This study found that the making of traditional Brunei ethnic cakes displays the cultural values that are the Brunei ethnic identity that needs to be preserved. Keywords: ethnic brunei, cultural values, manufacturing, identity, traditional cakes. Proses Review : 1 - 20 Mei 2021, Dinyatakan Lolos: 15 Juli 2021 326 Volume 36, Nomor 2, Mei 2021 MUDRA Jurnal Seni Budaya INTRODUCTION PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Koentjaraningrat (1979) explains that the network of Sabah is often said to be a unique state. This uniqueness is cultural systems consists of seven elements, namely evident in its population which consists of about 41 ethnic the religious system (which consists of belief systems, groups and ethnic subgroups who use about 50 languages values, and views of life, religious communication and and speak it in no less than 80 dialects. Each of these ethnic ceremonies), social systems and social organizations groups and subgroups also has different cultural practices, (which include kinship, statehood system, life union religious practices, customs and religions, political system and associations), knowledge systems (knowledge systems, and settlements as well as different artistic of the universe, humans, flora, and fauna, time and space, heritage (Mat Zin Mat Kib, 2002). Brunei ethnicity is one as well as mathematical elements), language systems of the minorities in Sabah. This is because this ethnicity (oral and written), art systems (design, literature, sound, is only concentrated in a few small parts of Sabah and the music, and painting) ), technology and equipment systems number is also not many. However, among the minorities (transportation systems, communications, clothing, and in Sabah, the Brunei ethnic group is the largest. According housing), livelihood or economic systems. to the 1991 census, there are about 123,810 Bruneians in Sabah. This number is 6.64% of the total population in Culture is an element that distinguishes each ethnicity, Sabah. (Jacqueline Pugh-Kitingan, 2016). society, or nation because of the existence of certain characteristics that exist in the culture that is practiced Bruneians have their menu and dishes served during the for generations. Certain characteristics are influenced by festivities or eaten on weekdays. For example, the food the environment or settlement that highlights a significant that is usually served during festivals such as weddings element so that it shows the differences and uniqueness or feasts is kalupis and wajit. The daily food of the between one ethnicity, society, race, and the like (Surayah, Bruneians is usually prepared quickly and at any time Musnin & Dg. Damit, 2019). Culture contains behaviors, is ambuyat and masak lauk ampap. (Murut and Various beliefs, thoughts, and even daily human activities that Small Ethnicities in Sabah: 291) Apart from wajit, kalupis support society. Culture is a description of the human is also a traditional Brunei ethnic cake in Sabah. Kalupis is way of life that is expressed through a certain number a traditional food of the Brunei community that is usually of meanings and values, so it is clear that culture is the cooked in communal work during certain ceremonies activity of communicating by interpreting every way of such as weddings. (Murut and Various Small Ethnicities life of human activities that support it. (Saidatul Nornis Hj in Sabah: 292). Other traditional cakes that are popular Mahali, 2019). among the Brunei ethnic group in Sabah, especially in Kampung Weston and Kampung Lubuk are kuih lamban In this study, researchers will discuss the implicit and udang, lamban lukan, tilapam, tapai nasi, and jalurut. explicit cultural values behind the manufacture and These traditional cakes are a symbol of the wisdom of function of traditional Brunei ethnic cakes in Sabah. his Brunei ethnic women. According to Flavier (1995), local discussion reveals how traditional cakes can reflect the wisdom is the unique knowledge that refers to the culture customs and cultural values of this ethnic group. There of a community. (Malaysian Journal of Society and Space are several variations of some types of traditional cakes 11 issue 12 (112 - 128). in Brunei culture that show their name, ingredients, production techniques, and packaging methods. The Ethnic Brunei practices the concept of baurung-urung production of these cakes is also significant in every or the concept of cooperation in performing certain ceremony, ceremony, or custom performed by the people ceremonies and feasts. The concept of baurung-urung is of Brunei. Some types of cakes as objects of Brunei ethnic a platform of agreement in tackling various images of life culture are known by local names such as tilapam cakes, that can be referred to such as the meaning of the proverb jalurut and bikang are so typical in their lives because they that reads “yang ringan sama dijinjing yang berat sama describe the way they are made, the way they eat and the dipikul” so that heavy and complicated work becomes situation served, whether it is a wedding, a feast or as a easy when done in the back. Also, the concept of baurung- daily meal among ethnic Brunei in Sabah. According to urung can describe the love, responsibility, and concern of Koentjaraningrat (in Warsito 2012: 99) Cultural values are individuals for other individuals. In Sundanese culture, for values that consist of the concepts that live in the realm example, a voluntary and helpful attitude is a reflection of of the minds of most members of society in matters that the very high level of spiritualism, policy, intellectuality, they consider very noble. The value system that exists in emotional maturity, and individual life skills. Individuals society becomes the

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